You may have heard of ferrous metals but have you ever

wondered what they are?

Derived from the Latin word for iron (ferrum), the term ferrous is

used to describe metals that contain iron. Examples of such alloys

include steel and cast iron. Below, we present a brief primer on

the different types of ferrous metals and their uses.

1. Mild Steel

Mild steel, also known as plain-carbon steel, is an alloy typically

made up of 0.3% carbon, with 97% iron. Mild steel is commonly

used given its malleability, can be found in everyday objects such

as cars, household appliances, street signs and even key rings. It is

also the most commonly produced form of steel, given its relatively

low price and material properties that are applicable across industries.

2. Carbon Steel

These are metals with a higher carbon composition (0.3-1.7%). The higher carbon content means

that carbon steel is harder and stronger, though less ductile. Carbon steel is frequently used in metal

cutting tools and machinery, given its strength and resistance to wear and tear. Knives, saws and drill

bits are also manufactured using carbon steel.

3. Stainless Steel

Unlike carbon steel, stainless steel is made up of iron, nickel and chromium. The composition of this

alloy makes it corrosion-resistant, and is ideal for manufacturing cutlery, surgical instruments and

other household appliances. Stainless steel is also used in bridges and other architectural works,

given its high durability and shine.

4. Cast Iron

Cast iron is typically produced by melting pig iron together with quantities of other substances such

as scrap iron, steel, limestone and carbon (coke). The liquid mixture is then poured into a cast to

solidify. This alloy is rich in carbon (2-4%) and silicon (1-3%). Different alloying elements present in

the compound determine the type of cast iron produced the resulting alloy may range from the

more brittle types to the malleable cast irons. Depending on its properties, cast iron has varied uses;

it can be found in engine cylinder blocks, bearing surfaces and cooking utensils.

5. Wrought Iron

Did you know that the Eiffel Tower is constructed from wrought iron? A relatively low carbon alloy

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