FES Final Year Project Template - Universiti Tunku … FYP Report Template.doc · Web viewSizing a valve is based on the flow through an isentropic nozzle, the pressure–density

TITLE IN CAPITAL LETTERS, FONT SIZE 12,

TIMES NEWS ROMAN, CENTRED, BOLD

STUDENT’S NAME

A project report submitted in partial fulfilment of the

requirements for the award of the degree of

Bachelor (Hons.) of Mechanical Engineering

Faculty of Engineering and Science

Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman

January 2009

ii

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this project report is based on my original work except for

citations and quotations which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it

has not been previously and concurrently submitted for any other degree or award at

UTAR or other institutions.

Signature : _________________________

Name : _________________________

ID No. : _________________________

Date : _________________________

iii

APPROVAL FOR SUBMISSION

I certify that this project report entitled “TITLE TO BE THE SAME AS FRONT

COVER, CAPITAL LETTER, BOLD” was prepared by STUDENT’S NAME

has met the required standard for submission in partial fulfilment of the requirements

for the award of Bachelor of XXX (Hons.) XXXXXXX at Universiti Tunku Abdul

Rahman.

Approved by,

Signature : _________________________

Supervisor : Prof. Dr. XXXXXXXXX

Date : _________________________

iv

The copyright of this report belongs to the author under the terms of the

copyright Act 1987 as qualified by Intellectual Property Policy of University Tunku

Abdul Rahman. Due acknowledgement shall always be made of the use of any

material contained in, or derived from, this report.

© Year, Name of candidate. All right reserved.

v

Specially dedicated to

my beloved grandmother, mother and father

(this dedication page is optional)

vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to thank everyone who had contributed to the successful completion of

this project. I would like to express my gratitude to my research supervisor, Prof. Dr.

XXXXX for his invaluable advice, guidance and his enormous patience throughout

the development of the research.

In addition, I would also like to express my gratitude to my loving parent and

friends who had helped and given me encouragement......

(This acknowledgements page is optional)......

vii

PROJECT TITLE IN CAPITAL LETTER

TITLE TO BE THE SAME AS FRONT COVER

ABSTRACT

Many relief scenarios involve the discharge of a two-phase fluid mixture, and the

proper method for sizing the relief valve for these conditions is the subject of

considerable discussion. Sizing a valve is based on the flow through an isentropic

nozzle, the pressure–density relation for the fluid properties, and a discharge

coefficient (Kd) to match the calculated mass flux to that measured for the flow of air

or water in the actual valve. For single-phase flow, this is straightforward, since the

fluid properties are simple and measured values of Kd are available. For two-phase

flow, the density–pressure relation is complex and no values of Kd are available, so a

variety of ‘‘models’’ have been proposed in the literature to address this problem.

Since the various models produce various results, the appropriate value of Kd

required to match the model to the actual valve will depend on the model. This paper

utilizes a simple, rigorous method for sizing relief valves for two-phase flow that

utilizes the fluid properties directly and hence does not require a ‘‘model’’ for these

properties. It is shown how this method can be applied to two-phase frozen or

flashing (equilibrium or non-equilibrium) nozzle flows, and how the available values

for Kd for single-phase flow can be used directly with this method, depending on the

critical state of flow in the nozzle, to accurately predict two-phase flow in any valve.

The calculations are compared with data from the literature for frozen air/water and

flashing steam/water flows in actual safety relief valves.

viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION ii

APPROVAL FOR SUBMISSION iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi

ABSTRACT vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS viii

LIST OF TABLES x

LIST OF FIGURES xi

LIST OF SYMBOLS / ABBREVIATIONS xii

LIST OF APPENDICES xiii

CHAPTER

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Background 1

1.2 Aims and Objectives 1

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3

2.1 Subsection Title 1 3



2.3.1 Sub-subsection Title 1 4

2.3.2 Sub-subsection Title 2 4


3 METHODOLOGY 6

ix



3.3 Sub-subsection Title 1 7

3.3.1 Sub-sub-subsection Title 1 7

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 8





5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 10





REFERENCES 12

APPENDICES 13

x

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

2.1 Processing Time (in hours) of Bread for Different Production Line in ABC Company 4

2.2 Processing Time for Different Production Line 5

3.1 Processing Time (in hours) of Bread for Different Production Line 7

4.1 Processing Time (in hours) of Bread for Different Production Line 9

xi

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

2.1 Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Logo 5

3.1 Reflection from Smooth Surface 7

4.1 UTAR Logo 9

xii

LIST OF SYMBOLS / ABBREVIATIONS

cp specific heat capacity, J/(kgK)

h height, m

Kd discharge coefficient

M mass flow rate, kg/s

P pressure, kPa

Pb back pressure, kPa

R mass flow rate ratio

T temperature, K

v specific volume, m3

homogeneous void fraction

pressure ratio

density, kg/m3

compressible flow parameter

ID inner diameter, m

MAP maximum allowable pressure, kPa

MAWP maximum allowable working pressure, kPa

OD outer diameter, m

RV relief valve

xiii

LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX TITLE PAGE

A Graphs 13

B Computer Programme Listing 14

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Spacing between title of subsection and first line of text is 1.5 lines. The first

paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment for texts

in paragraph should be “justified”.

Spacing between paragraphs is 1.5 lines. Subsequence paragraphs should be

indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left margin. General alignment for texts in

paragraph should be “justified”. Spacing between last line of text and the next

subsection title is 4.5 lines.

1.2 Aims and Objectives




2





A new paragraph should not begin on the last line of a page. A subsection

title should not begin on the last line of a page. A new chapter must start on a new

page. Spacing between the last line of text and equation is 1.5 lines.

(1.1)

where

G1 = specific mass flow rate, kg/s

= density, kg/m3

T = temperature, K

ho = xxx, m

Spacing between the equation and first line of text is 1.5 lines. Equation

should be centred, but its numbering should align with right margin.

(1.2)

where

G2 = specific mass flow rate, kg/s

= density, kg/m3

Spacing between the equation and first line of text is 1.5 lines. Equation

should be centred, but its numbering should align with right margin.

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Subsection Title 1



in paragraph should be “justified” (Warner, 2002).











page.

4


paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. Spacing between the last

line of text and table is 1.5 lines.

Table 2.1: Processing Time (in hours) of Bread for Different Production Line in

ABC Company

BreadProduction Line

1 2 3 4 5A 30 18 26 17 15B 23 22 32 25 30C 17 31 24 22 29

Spacing between the table and first line of text is 3.0 lines. Subsequence

paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left margin. General

alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.


2.3.1 Sub-subsection Title 1




2.3.2 Sub-subsection Title 2




5







paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin.

Table 2.2: Processing Time for Different Production Line


1 2 3 4 5A 30 18 26 17 15B 23 22 32 25 30C 17 31 24 22 29

Spacing between the table and first line of text is 3.0 lines. Subsequence

paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left margin. Spacing

between the last line of text and figure is 1.5 lines.

Figure 2.1: Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Logo

Spacing between the figure and first line of text is 3.0 lines. Subsequence

paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left margin.

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY













7


title should not begin on the last line of a page.

3.3 Sub-subsection Title 1

3.3.1 Sub-sub-subsection Title 1

Spacing between title of subsection and first line of text is 1.5 lines. Spacing

between the last line of text and table is 1.5 lines.

Table 3.3: Processing Time (in hours) of Bread for Different Production Line


1 2 3 4 5A 30 18 26 17 15B 23 22 32 25 30C 17 31 24 22 29

Spacing between the table and first line of text is 3.0 lines. Spacing between

the last line of text and figure is 1.5 lines.

Figure 3.2: Reflection from Smooth Surface



Source Reflected

CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS













9



page.




paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. Spacing between the last

line of text and table is 1.5 lines.

Table 4.4: Processing Time (in hours) of Bread for Different Production Line


1 2 3 4 5A 30 18 26 17 15B 23 22 32 25 30C 17 31 24 22 29

Spacing between the table and first line of text is 3.0 lines. Spacing between

the last line of text and figure is 1.5 lines.

Figure 4.3: UTAR Logo



CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS













11



page.






12

REFERENCES

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

American Psychological Association. (2003). Electronic references. Retrieved October 8, 2006, from http://www.apastyle.org/ref.html.

Christopher, P. (2006). Unleashing change: A study of organizational renewal in government. Administrative Science Quarterly, 51(2), 117-123. Retrieved October 8, 2006, from http://proquest.umi.com/ed32457.html

Mak, J. (2006, October 4). More public holidays for workers. The Star, p. N6.

Martin, S., Smith, L., Forehand, M. R., Mobbs, R., Lynch, T. F., Renfrew, E. J., et al. (2001). Use of collaborative technology in business, The Academy of Management Executive, 19, 130-138.

Playfair, J. H., & Bancroft, G. J. (2004). Infection and immunity. (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Reppel, F. G. (2003, February 13). Conflict and cognitive control. Natural Science, 33, 969-970.

Roeder, K., Howdeshell, J., Fulton, L., Lochhead, M., Craig, K., Peterson, R., et. al. (1967). Nerve cells and insect behavior. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Serlin, R. C., & Lapsley, D. K. (1985). Rationality in psychological research: The good-enough principle. American Psychologist, 40, 73-83.

Skinner, M. E., Sun, K. F., & Liu, R. P. (2005). Small group learning, Psychological Bulletin, 26, 57-63.

Walker, M. M. (2001). Transfer of lexical information in adults with reading disorders. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 93 (1), 257-267.

http://proquest.umi.com/ed32457.html

http://www.apastyle.org/ref.html

13

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A: Graphs

Spacing between chapter title and first line of text is 4.5 lines. The first paragraph in

a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph

should be “justified”.



paragraph should be “justified”.

14

APPENDIX B: Computer Programme Listing

Spacing between chapter title and first line of text is 4.5 lines. The first paragraph in

a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph

should be “justified”.



paragraph should be “justified”.

Documents

FES Final Year Project Template - Universiti Tunku … FYP Report Template.doc · Web viewSizing a valve is based on the flow through an isentropic nozzle, the pressure–density