Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
State FFA Forestry 2014 ContestWritten Examination (200 points)
This exam consists of 38 multiple choice and 12 true or false questions, each worth 3 points. Mark your answers on your scantron bubble sheet. DO NOT mark on this exam.
Multiple choice questions
1. Which of the following species is the Two-lined Chestnut Borer most likely to attack?a) Quaking aspenb) Sugar maplec) White oakd) Green ash
2. If you follow a bearing of 225 degrees, what is your direction of travel?a) North eastb) South eastc) North westd) South west
3. The pile of pulpwood that you are scaling is 6 feet tall, 8 feet wide and 20 feet long. How many standard cords are contained in the pile?a) 6b) 7.5c) 8d) 15
4. Which of the following organizations represents the forestry profession in Minnesota and nationally?a) American Society of Forestryb) American Forestry Associationc) Society of American Forestersd) National Forestry Society
5. If you pace a 5 chain course, how far did you pace?a) 500 feetb) 330 feetc) 300 feetd) 250 feet
6. Aspen has been used for paper, structural panels, and furniture. It is not used for flooring. Why?a) The white color is not considered desirable by most homeowners.b) Aspen is low density and would dent easily and wear down if used for flooring.c) The demand for corn dog sticks has driven up the cost of aspen lumber too much.d) Aspen is prone to warp and buckling after it is installed for flooring.
1
7. The angular deviation of magnetic north from true north is referred to as what?a) Magic declinationb) Magnetic northc) Magnetic inclinationd) Magnetic declination
8. Sawlog diameters are measured to the nearest inch:a) Inside the bark at the large end of the logb) Inside the bark at the small end of the log c) Outside the bark at the large end of the log d) Outside the bark at the small end of the log
9. When are fires most likely to occur and burn most intensely?a) Early morning on sunny daysb) Middle of the afternoon on sunny daysc) Late morning on sunny daysd) Night with clear skies and low humidity
10. Which of the following is the most destructive type of forest insect?a) Tree borersb) Mitesc) Gall insectsd) Leaf feeders
11. You tally 15 trees using a 5 factor wedge prism within a plot. What is basal area in square feet per acre of the trees around that point?a) 75b) 100c) 150d) 200
12. Which of the following two things do you need to know to determine site index for a given tree?a) Tree age and soil typeb) Soil type and basal areac) Basal area and tree aged) Tree age and tree height
13. You come upon a tree where some of the bark has been stripped off of the tree several feet above ground and you find twigs and branches on the ground. What animal likely caused the damage? a) Porcupineb) Beaverc) Squirreld) Raccoon
2
14. White pine is a low density species and is typically not used for beams or joists. Why?a) Low density species are weaker and beams need to be strong to support the floor or roof.b) Most of the white pine logs go to make firewood because they burn hot and long.c) White pine trees are too small to make into joists.d) It is difficult to dry white pine without soaking the lumber in caustic chemicals.
15. A forester interested in managing habitat for deer and ruffed grouse would favor which of the following species?a) Ashb) Tamarackc) White pined) Aspen
16. You are doing a regeneration survey in a plot with a radius of 5.3 feet and counted 2 seedlings. How many seedlings would that represent per acre?a) 50b) 100c) 500d) 1,000
17. What is an instrument consisting of a thin wedge of glass used to estimate?a) Basal area per acreb) Tree heightc) Tree diameterd) Tree age
18. What are timber harvest and forest management Best Management Practices (BMPs) generally designed to do?a) Maintain water quality during and after timber harvest operationsb) Provide procedures for setting up a timber salec) Design sampling procedures for determining volume in a timber standd) Help you determine when to set up a timber sale
19. Which of the following is not a reason why Christmas trees are shaped.a) To correct deformitiesb) To remove multiple leadersc) To make it easier to color the treed) To prune lower branches to form a handle and complete base whorl
3
20. Why is red oak often used for making furniture?a) The wood is soft and pliable.b) It is easy to treat red oak with preservative chemicals.c) Red oak is strong and has an attractive appearance.d) Red oak is not well suited for firewood and furniture is the only way they can use the
wood.
21. What is the name of the approach to harvesting where trees are felled, skidded to a landing, and then processed at the landing (delimb, buck, pile)?a) Shortwoodb) Tree-lengthc) Full-treed) Selection
22. When planning a standard windbreak, where would you commonly plant coniferous species?a) In the rows farthest away from the buildingsb) In the rows closest to the buildingsc) Only in the middle of the windbreakd) Throughout the entire windbreak
23. Which of the following species is most likely to provide thermal cover for wildlife during winter?a) Aspenb) Tamarackc) Birchd) Balsam fir
24. Some woods are said to be naturally durable. These woods include some cedar species and redwood. What causes this natural durability?a) The cell structure of the wood is very closed and therefore prevents fungus from entering.b) These species are very water repellant and fungus needs water to decay wood.c) These species have natural chemicals in the heartwood that inhibit the decay fungi from
growing and destroying the wood.d) Naturally durable species excrete a fungicide inside the wood that kills fungus, ants, and
termites on contact.
25. To which of the following species does the term “deciduous” apply?a) Tamarackb) Black sprucec) Balsam fird) White pine
4
26. What is the name of the payment method in which payment is based on the appraised value of the tract?a) Lump sumb) Selective cutc) Consumer scaled) Weight scale
27. How many sections are in a township?a) 36b) 640c) 23,040d) 43,560
28. When building a deck, the decking boards that you walk on may be a species such as western red cedar. The columns and joists that support the deck will probably be treated lumber. Why do we build this way?a) Cedar has greater strength and can withstand all of the foot traffic on the deck.b) The preservative in treated wood helps to bolster the strength properties of the wood by
filling in the void cavities inside the lumber.c) Cedar is considered more attractive and is preferred for the decking while the more dense
and stronger treated lumber is used for the portion of the deck that we really do not see.d) b and c
29. What is the alternate host for white pine blister rust?a) Eastern red cedarb) Apples and pearsc) Aspend) Gooseberries and currants
30. The purpose of the log rule scale is to:a) Estimate the weight of the logb) Determine usable firewood availablec) Estimate the board feet of lumber in a logd) Calculate the green volume of the log
31. Which of the following watersheds is most likely to see the fastest increase in stream runoff after a large rainstorm?a) Clay soils with steep topographyb) Sandy soil with steep topographyc) Clay soil with flat topographyd) Sandy soil with flat topography
5
32. What is the recommended final spacing between rows of trees in a well-established windbreak?a) 8 – 10 feetb) 12 – 14 feetc) 18 – 20 feetd) 24 – 26 feet
33. Why is sugar maple lumber used for bowling alleys?a) The higher sugar content in the wood makes the surface wear better over time.b) With more sugar in the wood, the sounds are more muffled.c) Sugar maple is softer and better able to withstand heavy bowling balls being dropped or
thrown down the alley.d) Sugar maple is a very strong wood and thus well-suited for the wear and tear of a
bowling alley.
34. What type of equipment is depicted in the image below?a) Feller-buncherb) Skidderc) Delimberd) Slasher
35. Which insect listed below is not currently a pest in Minnesota?a) Forest tent caterpillarb) Pine bark beetlec) Mountain pine beetled) White pine weevil
36. Wood that is used outside may rot if it gets wet. Preservatives stop the wood from rotting. How do they do that?a) Preservatives poison the fungi that decay the wood.b) Preservatives prevent water from being taken-up by the wood.c) Preservatives bind to water molecules and keep the wood dry.d) Oxygen in the wood is taken up by the preservative, the fungi cannot breathe and
therefore suffocate.
37. Which of the following is a preferred species for beaver?a) Aspenb) Oakc) Pined) Spruce
38. Which of the following agencies employ foresters in Minnesota? a) County Land Departmentsb) State Department of Natural Resourcesc) US Forest Serviced) All of the above
6
True-False questions
For the following twelve true or false questions, mark A on the scantron bubble sheet if the statement is true and B if the statement is false.
True False
39. A B Green ash, white ash, black ash and mountain ash are all susceptible to the emerald ash borer.
40. A B Before it is burned, firewood should be cut, split and well-seasoned because this removes the water in the wood and helps the wood to burn better.
41. A B When conducting point sampling in a variable radius plot with a wedge prism, the probability of a tree being counted as “in” is proportional to its diameter.
42. A B A red pine stand with a basal area of 20 square feet per acre should be thinned to improve growing conditions for the remaining trees.
43. A B Because species like white pine and basswood are soft and light (not dense or heavy), they are well-suited to be made into baseball bats.
44. A B Maintaining vegetative diversity is key to attracting a variety and abundance of wildlife to a woodland.
45. A B There is more wood in a face cord than a standard cord.
46. A B The volume removed per acre, sale location and sale size all affect the stumpage value of wood that a landowner might receive.
47. A B Lumber is first cut to a larger dimension to account for shrinkage during drying and planing after drying.
48. A B Ash is used for baseball bats because it is soft and light weight, thus making it easier to swing.
49. A B Ash logs, wood, chips or nursery stock can be moved within quarantined areas in Minnesota but cannot be transported outside of quarantined areas without a Compliance Agreement.
50. A B A seed tree harvest is designed to lead to artificial regeneration.
7
2014 State FFA Forestry Contest – Forestry Written Exam
ANSWER KEY
1. C
2. D
3. B
4. C
5. B
6. B
7. D
8. B
9. B
10. A
11. A
12. D
13. A
14. A
15. D
16. D
17. A
18. A
19. C
20. C
21. C
22. B
23. D
24. C
25. A
26. A
27. A
28. C
29. D
30. C
31. A
32. C
33. D
34. B
35. C
36. A
37. A
38. D
39. B
40. A
41. A
42. B
43. B
44. A
45. B
46. A
47. A
48. B
49. A
50. B
8
FFA Forestry Contest2014 Forest Business Management Problem
Tim Burr, a logging business owner, is trying to decide whether he can make a profit on a timber sale that was recently advertised by a private landowner. Use the background information provided below to answer the 10 multiple-choice questions, each worth 5 points. Record your answer on the scantron bubble sheet.
Equipment
Type of equipmentNumber of pieces of
equipment
Owning and operating cost per scheduled hour per machine
Feller-buncher 1 $68.50
Skidders 2 $40.00
Slasher/bucker 1 $20.50
Total for all machines $169.00
Operating DataNumber of employees (including owner) 4
Employee wages (including owner) $14.50 per hour
Fringe benefit rate (% of wages) 29%
Contract hauling to market $15.50 per cord
Harvest Site DataMove cost to get equipment to site $550/piece of equipment
Stumpage cost $24.00 per cord
Sale area 25 acres
Yield per acre 23 cords
Harvesting rate 115 cords per day
Scheduled hours worked per day 8 hours
Owner’s Profit RequirementMinimum profit required (percent of revenue received at the mill)
3%
9
Marketing InformationDelivered price received at mill $68.00 per cord
10
FFA Forestry Contest
Contestant name: ____________________________________ Contestant No.: __________
School: ____________________________________________
2014 Forest Business Management Problem (50 points)Note: All dollar ($) values are rounded to the nearest whole dollar amount
This portion of the contest consists of 10 multiple choice questions, each worth 5 points. Mark your answers on the scantron bubble sheet. DO NOT mark on this exam.
1. What is the total number of cords to be harvested at this sale?
a) 500 b) 575 c) 600 d) 625
2. How many work days are required to harvest the sale?
a) 5 b) 8 c) 23 d) 25
3. What is the total revenue that would be received from the mill for this sale?
a) $27,350 b) $32,100 c) $39,100 d) $45,500
4. What is the total payroll (salary + fringe benefits) for this sale?
a) $2,359 b) $2,993 c) $3,215 d) $3,807
5. What is the total move cost for this sale?
a) $550 b) $1,100 c) $2,200 d) $5,500
6. What is the total cost to own and operate the machines at this sale (excluding labor)?
a) $15,270 b) $9,280 c) $6,760 d) $169
7. What is the total cost to haul harvested wood to the mill from this sale?
a) $10,725 b) $10,250 c) $9,718 d) $8,913
8. What is the total cost of stumpage for this sale?
a) $12,075 b) $13,800 c) $14,125 d) $14,877
9. What is the logging business owner’s minimum profit required to bid on this sale?
a) $3 b) $872 c) $975 d) $1,173
10. What is the net profit (Total Revenue – Total Expenses) for this sale?
a) $3,262 b) $4,512 c) $5,327 d) $7,166
11
2014State FFA Forestry Contest – Business Management Practicum
ANSWER KEY
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. C
6. C
7. D
8. B
9. D
10. A
12
2014State FFA Forestry Contest – Forestry Tools Practicum
ANSWER KEY
1. 40 (pruning saw)
2. 23 (GIS map)
3. 52 (stereoscope)
4. 41 (plastic flagging)
5. 21 (forwarder)
6. 14 (diameter tape)
7. 15 (dot grid)
8. 06 (canthook)
9. 35 (mattock)
10. 48 (skidder)
13
4
10
8
9 9
5
21
67
3
14
2014 Minnesota FFA Forestry Contest: Map Interpretation Practicum
Contestant Name Team Number
School Code Number
1. What is the elevation of the highest point in the immediate vicinity of the arrowhead?(The contour line near the base of the arrow reads 1500.)
a. 1506 feet b. 1560 feet
c. 1506 yards d. 1510 feet
2. Highway 13, marked in red on the map, runs from the northwest to south central portion of the map. About how long is the portion of Highway 13 shown on this map?
a. 42 miles b. 6 miles
c. 9 miles d. 21 miles
3. One side of this Range line is marked as R1E, the other as R1W. This line must be a…a. Prime meridian b. Prime minister
c. Normal range line d. Principal meridian
4. What is the name of the USGS Topo Quad immediately east of the one pictured here?a. Blockhouse Lake b. Park Falls
c.
Manitowish d. Wisconsin
5. The Soo Line runs from the northwest corner to the south central portion of the map.What type of road is the Soo Line? The map symbol is something like this: --+--+--+--
a. Railroadb. Unimproved forest road
c. Historic oxcart trail d. Interstate highway
6. Which of the following best describes the terrain surrounding this point?a. Open water wetland b. Old growth forest
c. Forested wetlandd. Agricultural crop land
7. What is the number of the next section west of the arrow?a.
16 b. 34
c. 1 d. 3
15
8. What is the approximate latitude of the center of section 29, near this point?a. 55° N.b. 45° 55’ N
c. 88° Nd. 45° 52’ 55” N
9. If you were walk west to east between these points, which would best describe the terrain?
a. Climb, steep climb, then climb. b. Descent, then gradual climb.
c. Climb, then gradual descent.d. Descent, steep descent, descent.
10. What is the legal description for the headwaters of the stream shown at the arrow?a. NE ¼, NW ¼b. NW ¼, NE ¼
c. NW ¼, SE ¼d. SE ¼, SE ¼
2014State FFA Forestry Contest – Map Interpretation
ANSWER KEY
1. B
2. B
3. D
4. A
5. A
6. C
7. D
8. B
9. C
10. A [if based on the cemetery] or B [if based on the headwaters a bit east of the cemetery]
16
State FFA Forestry 2014 Contest
Wood Sample Identification (50 Points)
This portion of the contest consists of 10 multiple choice questions, each worth 5 points. Mark your answers on the scantron bubble sheet. DO NOT mark on this code sheet.
1. Sample 1 a. Elm
b. Cottonwoodc. Birchd. Spruce
2. Sample 2a. White oakb. Cherryc. Birchd. Cottonwood
3. Sample 3a. Cherryb. Redwoodc. Birchd. Northern red cedar
4. Sample 4a. Hickoryb. Black walnutc. Cottonwoodd. Aspen
5. Sample 5a. Butternutb. Redwoodc. Douglas fird. Northern red cedar
6. Sample 6a. Birchb. Black walnutc. White pined. Northern white cedar
7. Sample 7a. Elmb. Redwoodc. Ponderosa pined. White oak
8. Sample 8a. Red (Norway) pineb. Cherryc. Northern red oakd. Spruce
9. Sample 9a. Black walnutb. Ashc. Sugar mapled. Northern red oak
10. Sample 10a. Spruceb. Redwoodc. Butternut
17
d. Ponderosa pine
2014State FFA Forestry Contest – Wood Identification
ANSWER KEY
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. C
6. D
7. A
8. B
9. C
10. A
18
2014State FFA Forestry Contest – Indoors Timber Cruising
ANSWER KEY
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. A
9. B
10. C
19
2014State FFA Forestry Contest – Indoors Compass and GPS (50 points)
ANSWER KEY
1. B
2. B
3. D
4. C
5. A
6. C
7. B
8. A
9. C
11. A
20
2014State FFA Forestry Contest – Tree Identification
ANSWER KEY
Part 1: 15 samples, 6 pts each1. 11 (cottonwood)2. 02 (balsam poplar)3. 23 (silver maple4. 25 (sugar maple)5. 21 (red maple)6. 28 (willow)7. 12 (green ash)8. 08 (boxelder)9. 03 (basswood)10. 01 (American elm)11. 18 (northern red oak)12. 17 (northern pin oak)13. 16 (ironwood)14. 09 (bur oak)15. 07 (black walnut)
Part 2: 10 samples, 6 pts each.1. 31 (Colorado blue spruce)2. 30 (black spruce)3. 41 (white spruce)4. 29 (balsam fir)5. 38 (red pine)6. 39 (scotch pine)7. 35 (jack pine)8. 34 (eastern white pine)9. 33 (eastern red cedar)10. 36 (northern white cedar)
21
State FFA Forestry 2014 ContestIndoor Timber Cruising Practicum (50 points)
This exam consists of 10 multiple choice questions, each worth 5 points. Mark your answers on the answer sheet, NOT on this exam.
11. A tree has four half sawlogs (2 sawlogs) and no additional merchantable wood. What is the merchantable height of the tree?e) 8 feetf) 16 feetg) 24 feeth) 32 feet
12. A tree is on a hillside. Where should you stand on the hillside when measuring DBH?e) Uphill from the treef) Downhill from the treeg) At a midpoint between uphill and downhillh) It doesn’t matter where you stand
13. At what height on a tree should you hold a tree stick when determining tree diameter?e) Eye levelf) 4.5 above the groundg) 4.5 feet above what you think stump height will beh) It doesn’t matter
14. Once you have placed a tree stick against a tree at the appropriate height, how far away from the stick should your eye be?e) 15 inchesf) 20 inchesg) 25 inchesh) It doesn’t matter
15. You have adjusted the tree stick so that the left end of the stick is in the line of sight with the left side of the tree. What is your next step to determine tree diameter?e) Slide the stick to the right hand side of the tree and read the diameterf) Slide the stick to the left, line the right hand side of the stick up to the right hand side of
the tree and read the tree diameterg) Turn your head so that you can see the right hand side of the tree and read the diameter.h) Without moving your head, shift your eyes to the right hand side of the tree and read the
diameter
16. How far away from the tree should you stand when using a tree stick to measure tree height?e) 25 feetf) 55 feet.g) 66 feeth) 78 feet
22
17. When using a tree stick to determine merchantable height, what is the lowest point on the tree where you should begin measurements?e) Groundlinef) Stump heightg) Diameter at breast heighth) It doesn’t matter
18. Which of the following would you NOT do when using a tree stick to determine merchantable height?e) Walk out either up or down slope from the tree, if it isn’t on a level areaf) Stand 66 feet away from the tree g) Hold the stick vertically, 25 inches from your eyeh) After lining up the zero end of the stick with the lowest point on the tree where you will
begin measurements, shift your eyes and line of sight to the merchantable top without moving your head.
e) Use the tree volume table to determine which of the following trees has the most volume. Tree number DBH (inches) Number of 16-foot logs
1 15 22 19 1.53 20 14 21 1
e) Tree 1f) Tree 2g) Tree 3h) Tree 4
10. A tree has a DBH of 16 inches and 159 board feet. How many 16-foot logs are in the tree?a) 1b) 1.5c) 2d) 2.5
23
