ეკომიგრანტების განსახლება საქართველოში: განსახლების ... · ECMI- სამუშაო

ეკომიგრანტების განსახლება

საქართველოში: განსახლების

პოლიტიკაში მიმდინარე ცვლილებები,

ტენდენციები, განხორციელება და

აღქმები

ჯასტინ ლაილი

ECMI -ის სამუშაო მოხსენება #53

იანვარი 2012

ECMI- სამუშაო მოხსენება

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umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri

(ECMI) aris arakomerciuli, arasamTavrobo instituti, romelic dafuZnebul iqna 1996 wels daniis samefos, germaniis federaluri respublikis da Slezvig-holStainis mTavrobebis mier. umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri daarsda q. flensbugSi, germaniisa da daniis mosazRvre regionis Sua gulSi; raTa yuradReba miepyro am teritoriaze arsebul umciresobebisa da umravlesobis mSvidobiani Tanacxovrebis warmatebul magaliTze. umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri-s mizania, xeli Seuwyos mravaldisciplinarul kvlevas im sakiTxebze, romelic exeba umciresobebisa da umravlesobis urTierTobebs, evropuli midgomebis gaTvaliswinebiT. amasTanave, wvlili Seitanos inter-eTnikuri urTierTobebis gaumjobesebaSi dasavleT da aRmosavleT evropis im nawilSi, sadac adgili aqvs eTno-konfliqtebsa da dapirispirebebs.

ECMI-is kvleviT naSromze muSaoben ECMI-s TanamSromlebi da centris mier mowveuli

mkvlevarebi. ECMI-is mier gamocemul kvlevebSi gamoxatul azrebze pasuxismgebelia naSromis avtori.

ECMI moxseneba

umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri (ECMI) direqtori: doq. tove h. maloi

© ECMI


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ეკომიგრანტების განსახლება საქართველოში:

განსახლების პოლიტიკაში მიმდინარე ცვლილებები,

ტენდენციები, განხორციელება და აღქმები

gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebis dasawyisidan, klimaturi cvlilebebis Sedegad

saqarTvelos mWidrod dasaxlebuli maRalmTiani teritoriebidan mosaxleobis migraciis

procesebis gauareseba iwyeba, kerZod svaneTisa da aWaris regionebidan, sadac stiqiuri

ubedurebebis gamo maRalmTiani mosaxleobis rogorc sacxovrebel pirobebs, aseve

saarsebo saSualebebs araerTi seriozuli safrTxe Seeqmna. bolo 30 wlis ganmavlobaSi,

10 aTasze meti adamiani wyaldidobis, mewyerisa da zvavis Sedegad usaxlkarod darCa,

Tumca saqarTveloSi, egreT wodebuli, ekologiuri mizezebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebis,

anu eko-migrantebis problemebi da saWiroebebi, kvlavac yuradRebis miRma rCeba.

ჯასთინ ლაილი, იანვარი 2012

ECMI -ის სამუშაო მოხსენება #54

I. Sesavali

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva samTavrobo uwyeba araerTxel Seecada, sapasuxo RonisZiebebi gaetarebina saqarTvelos maRalmTian regionebSi momxdari stiqiuri ubedurebebis Sedegebis aRmosafxvrelad rogorc 1980-ian wlebSi sabWoTa reJimis, aseve dRevandeli mmarTvelobis dros. migrantebis axal adgilebSi Casaxlebis procesebi gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebis dasawyissa da Sua periodSi, sakmaod organizebuli formiT xorcieldeboda. 80-iani wlebis bolos saqarTvelos maRalmTian regionebSi imata stiqiuri ubedurebebis raodenobam, rac Seqmnil rTul viTarebaze pasuxismgebeli sabWoTa struqturis ngrevis procesebs daemTxva. zviad gamsaxurdias mTavrobam eko-migrantebi dRis wesrigSi arsebuli `demografiuli dabalansebisaTvis~

saWiro iaraRad gamoiyena, rac imas niSnavda, rom qveyanaSi eko-migrantebi umciresobebiT dasaxlebul da sasazRvre regionebSi Caasaxles, rac am regionebis `gaqarTvelebas~ isaxavda miznad. eduard SevardnaZis periodSi eko-migrantebis Tema saerTod ignorirebul iqna. 2003 wlis vardebis revoluciis Semdgom, saakaSvilis mmarTvelobis periodSi, ramdenime mniSvnelovani RonisZieba ganxorcielda eko-migrantebis problemebis mosagvareblad, Tumca Sesabamisi resursebis mqone mdgradi da Tanmimdevruli saxelmwifo politikis SemuSaveba eko-migraciasTan mimarTebaSi kvlavac Soreul perspqtivas warmoadgens. 2010 wlis oqtombridan 2011 wlis martamde Catarebul kvlevebsa da savele samuSaoebze dayrdnobiT, mimdinare dokumentis Sesavali nawili eTmoba ekologiuri migrantebis problemebis mogvarebisTvis saWiro saerTaSoriso da Sida kanonmdeblobis aspeqtebis mokle


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mimoxilvas, romlis Semdgom am ukve aqtualur sferoSi humanitaruli egidiT sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mier SezRuduli masStabebiT gatarebuli RonisZiebebis mokle Sejamebaa mocemuli. am sakiTxebis Semdeg dokumentSi ganixileba yvela is midgoma Tu Zalisxmeva, rac gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebidan `vardebis revoluciamde~ saxelmwifos mier iqna gatarebuli, rasac mixel saakaSvilis prezidentobis periodSi warmodgenili iniciativebis detaluri ganxilva mosdevs. aRniSnuli angariSi, eyrdnoba ra umciresobebis sakiTxTa evropuli centris (ECMI1) mier ekologiuri migraciis Sesaxeb 2007 wels momzadebul detalur monografias, ganixilavs yvela proceduras, rac eko-migrantebis gansaxlebis procesebis Sefasebas Seexeba. aRniSnuli sakiTxebis Semdgom angariSSi ganixileba saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministrosa da Sesabamis daqvemdebarebul uwyebebaTa funqciebi, aseve aWaris regionis xulos raionis municipaluri mmarTvelobis, rogorc adgilobriv doneze pasuxismgebeli uwyebis magaliTi. angariSis Semdegi nawili eTmoba eko-migrantebis aWaris regionidan saqarTvelos sxva regionebSi: Sida qarTlSi, samcxe-javaxeTsa da kaxeTSi – Casaxlebis procesebs, rogorc calkeuli SemTxvevebis aRweras. kvleva moicavs Tvisebrivi interviuebs, romlebic saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministros migraciis, repatriaciisa da ltolvilTa sakiTxebis departramentis or TanamSromelsa da angariSSi aRwerili calkeuli SemTxvevebis gansaxlebis arealSi

1 t. trieri da m. turaSvili: ekologiuri mizezebiT adgilnacval pirTa gansaxleba: arsebuli problemis gadawyveta- Tu axlis Seqmna? ekomigracia saqarTveloSi 1981-2006. monografia #6, Flensburg: ECMI, 2007 wlis agvisto, <http://www.ecmicaucasus.org/upload/publications/monograph_6_en.pdf>.

saxelmwifos mier Casaxlebuli komlebis 5-10 warmomadgenelTan Catarda. aRniSnul eko-migrantebs CautardaT interviuebi aWaris regionis xulos raionSi, aseve qvemo-qarTlis regionis marneulis raionSi, samcxe-javaxeTis regionis ninowmindis raionsa da kaxeTis regionis lagodexisa da axmetis raionebSi. interviuebis dros gamokiTxulebs daesvaT SekiTxvebi saxelmwifos daxmarebiT gansaxlebis procesebis mimdinareobaze - stiqiuri movlenebis dawyebidan Casaxlebis saboloo dasrulebamde, aseve axal sacxovrebel raionebSi mkvirdi mosaxleobis maT mimarT damokidebulebaze.

Casaxlebis TiToeuli SemTxveva naTlad asaxavs qveynis gansaxlebis politikas moqmedebaSi mis Tanamdev problemebTan erTad. angariSis bolo nawilSi mocemulia rekomendaciebi politikis SemuSavebisTvis rogorc uaxloesi momavlis, aseve grZelvadiani perspeqtivisTvis saqarTveloSi eko-migrantebis gansaxlebis procesebis gaumjobesebis mizniT.

II. iuridiuli da operaciuli konteqsti

ekologiuri migrantebi saerTaSoriso da Sida kanonmdeblobaSi

gaerTienebuli erebis ltolviTa saagento (UNHCR) ganasxvavebs ekologiur migrantebs ltolvilebisagan im faqtidan gamomdinare, rom sxvebisgan gansxvavebiT – `ekologiuri pirobebis gamo gadaadgilebul pirs~, rogorc wesi, sakuTari saxelmwifos mxridan daxmarebis imedi aqvs. radganac eko-migrantebi, Cveulebriv, sakuTari qveynis sazRvebs SigniT rCebian saxelmwifo sazRvris gadakveTis nacvlad, - saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobaSi es ukanaskneli ltolvilis statusis miniWebisTvis mTavar kriteriums


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warmoadgens – eko-migrantebs iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirebTan ajgufeben.

marTlac, 1998 wels iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa sakiTxebSi gaeros generaluri mdivnis warmoamdgenlis mier SemoTavazebul saxelmZRvanelo principebSi iZulebiT gadaadgilebis Sesaxeb, romelic normatiul xasiaTs atarebs da ar gaxlavT iuridiulad savaldebulo, mocemulia iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa ganmarteba, rac stiqiuri ubedurebebis Sedegad dazaralebul pirebsac moicavs:

(...) iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirebad iTvlebian is pirebi an pirTa jgufebi, romlebic gamoZevebul iqnen an iZulebulni gaxdnen, daetovebinaT TavianTi saxli an mudmivi sacxovrebeli adgili, raTa gaqceodnen SeiaraRebul konfliqts, sayovelTao Zaladobas, adamianis uflebaTa xelyofasa da stiqiur an adamianis mier Seqmnis katastrodebs da, amasTan, ar gadaukveTiaT saerTaSorisod aRiarebuli saxelmwifo sazRvari.2 es yovelive naTlad memtyvelebs imaze,

rom ekologiuri mizezebiT gadaadgilebulTa sakiTxi saerTaSoriso normatiuli CarCos nawils warmoadgens, romelic zogadad iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa sakiTxebs aregulirebs, Tumca saqarTvelos Sida kanonmdebloba ar miiCnevs stiqiur ubedurebebs sakmaris safuZvlad iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piris statusis mini WebisaTvis,3 rac ekologiur migrantebs qarTuli erovnuli kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad dacvis meqanizmis gareSe tovebs. Sesabamisad am tipis iuridiuli statusis ararseboba saxelmwifos ar akisrebs aranair pasuxismgeblobas igivenairi

2 ixeleT iZulebiT gadadgilebis saxelmZRvanelo principebis sruli teqsti Semdeg veb-gerdze: <http://www.brookings.edu/fp/projects/idp/resources/GPEnglish.pdf>. 3 ixileT kanoni <http://www.unhcr.org/home/RSDLEGAL/44ab85324.pdf>.

daxmareba gauwios eko-migrantebs, rogorc iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirebs.

saWiro xdeba kanonmdeblobaSi am xarvezis aRmofxvra, rac imaze metyvelebs, rom saqarTveloSi eko-migrantebis dacvisa da usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad aucilebelia qveynis moqmed kanonmdeblobaSi iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa ufro farTo ganmartebis Camoyalibeba (1998 wlis gaeros saxelmZRvanelo principebis Sesabamisad), raTa masSi Sevides stiqiuri ubedurebebi, rogorc kriteriumi iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piris statusis misaRebad. alternativis saxiT ki, SesaZloa, Seiqmnas da amoqmeddes

axali kanoni eqskluziurad eko-

მიგრანტების საკითხების რეგულირებისთვის.

saerTaSoriso aqtorebi da ekologiuri mizezebiT gamowveuli gadaadgileba

saerTaSoriso organizaciebi, rogoricaa gaeros ltolvilTa saagento UNHCR, dReisaTvis uSualod ar arian CarTulni eko-migrantebis sakiTxebis mogvarebaSi. am konkretuli momentisaTvis UNHCR-is mandati ltolvilebisa da iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebis mimarT, stiqiuri movlenebis Sedegad gadaadgilebul

pirebs ar iTvaliswinebs. Tumca UNHCR ltolvilebisa da iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa gansaxlebaze garemosa da ekologiuri pirobebis gavlenis sakiTxebs sakmao yuradRebas uTmobs da, rac yvelaze mTavaria, ekologiuri mizezebiT gamowveuli gadaadgileba maT samomavlo saqmianobis sferod aqvT miCneuli.4

dResdReobiT saqarTveloSi ekologiur migracias Zalian mcire yuradReba eTmoba saerTaSoriso donori organizaciebis mxridan, maT Soris, iseTi

4 UNHCR politikis angariSi:klimaturi cvlilebebi, stiqiuri ubedurebebi da adamianTa gadaadgileba: UNHCR-is xedva, garemo pirobebi, 2009 wlis 14 agvisto, <http://www.unhcr.org/4901e81a4.html>.


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msxvili donorebis mxridanac, rogorebicaa evrokavSiri da aSS-is saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento – USAID. dReisaTvis mxolod saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministro da ramdenime arasamTavrobo organizacia muSaobs ekologiuri migraciis sakiTxebze saqarTveloSi.

III. eko-migrantebis gansaxleba

da samTavrobo programebi

saqarTveloSi

gansaxlebebi sabWoTa periodSi

gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebis dasawyisSi sabWoTa kavSiris mier eko-migrantebis gansaxleba SedarebiT organizebuli formiT xorcieldeboda, maTi mogvarebisTvis saWiro da sakmarisi resursebis gamoyenebiT. 1981-dan 1990 wlamde eko-migrantebis umravlesoba Casaxles saqarTvelos umciresobebiT dasaxlebul regionebSi: samcxe-javaxeTsa da qvemo qarTlSi, sadac CasaxlebulTa raodenobam mTlianobaSi daaxleobiT 3 aTasi ojaxi Seadgina.5 1981 wlidan 1983 wlamde aWaris regionidan daaxlobiT 1,010 ojaxi Caasaxles rogorc kaxeTis, aseve samegrelos, samcxe-javaxeTisa da Sida qarTlis regionebSi.6 1987 wlis gausaZlisi zamTris gamo, mTiani svaneTis regionidan 16 aTasi adamianis evakuacia ganxorcielda, saidanac 2,500 adamiani sxvadasxva adgilebSi iqna gadayvanili.

5 t. trieri da m. turaSvili: ekologiuri mizezebiT adgilnacval pirTa gansaxleba, cxrilebi 2 da 3, gv. 61-62. eko-migrantebis ricxovnoba TiToeul sofelSi qvemo qarTlisa da samcxe-javaxeTis municipalitetebis mier Catarebuli oficialuri registraciis monacemebis mixeviT, 2005-2006. 6 Tamaz futkaraZe, aWaris mosaxleobis migraciis..., gv 72, citirebulia ECMI –is monografia #6 -Si, gv. 9.

80-iani wlebis bolos sabWoTa saxelmwifo struqturis ngrevasTan erTad eko-migrantebisTvis aRmosaCeni daxmarebisa da maTTvis miwis nakveTebis ganawilebis sfero korufciam moicva. 1989 wlis aprilSi 5,657 ojaxi (24,287 adamiani) aWaris regionidan gadmoasaxles zemodCamoTvlil regionebSi, sadac gegmis mixedviT 17 raionSi 5 aTasi saxli unda aSenebuliyo, magram sabolood mxolod 3 aTasi aSenda.7

damoukideblobidan `vardebis revoluciamde~

gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, damoukideblobis miRebis pirveli dReebidanve, eko-migrantebis Casaxleba eTno-politikuri konfliqtebis mogvarebis saSualebad iqna miCneuli, ramac srulad moicva 90-iani wlebis saqarTvelo. saqarTvelos pirveli prezidentis, zviad gamsaxurdias reJimis periodSi eTnikurad qarTvel eko-migrantebs xSirad umciresobebiT kompaqturad dasaxlebul regionebSi asaxlebdnen, rogoricaa afxazeTi, qvemo qarTli da samcxe-javaxeTi, rac aRniSnuli regionebis `gaqarTvelebas~ isaxavda miznad. saxelmwifo aqtorebis msgavsad gavlenianma politikurma organizaciebma, rogoricaa nacionalisturad ganwyobili `kostavas fondi~ da `rusTavelis sazogadoeba~, Seisyides umciresobebis mier mitovebuli saxlebi, rac SemdgomSi eTnikurad qarTvel eko-migrantebs urigdebodaT. urTieroba axlad Casaxlebul eko-migrantebsa da adgilobriv mosaxleobas Soris xSirad ukiduresad iZabeboda, rac sabolood, miRebuli saxlebis gayidviT an mitovebiT da eko-migrantebis sakuTar mSobliur regionebSi dabrunebiT mTavrdeboda.

eduard SevardnaZis prezidentobis periodSi, saqarTveloSi aRniSnuli

7 laura niJaraZe, svanebis migracia da misi..., gv. 13-17, citirebulia ECMI –is monografia #6 -Si, gv. 9.


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sakiTxi srulad ignorirebul iqna. 1992-1998 wlebSi saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis privatizaciis procesis dros eko-migrantebma danarCen mkvidr mosaxleobasTan Tanabari pirobebiT miiRes miwis nakveTebi. SevardnaZis administraciis mier 1997-2002 wlebis ganmavlobaSi saxlebis Sesyidvaze gamoyofili Tanxebi ukiduresi korufciis wyarod iqca. 1998 wels dadgenilebiT eko-migrantebis Sesaxeb pirvelad ganisazRvra eko-migraciis monitoringis procedurebi, Tumca ekologiuri migraciis tendenciebis pirvelad monitoring araviTari qmediTi RonisZiebebi ar mohyolia.

gansaxlebebi saakaSvilis prezidentobis periodSi `vardebis revoluciam~ mixeil saakaSvili moiyvana saxelmwifos saTaveSi, ris Semdgom 2004 wels eko-migraciasTan mimarTebaSi sxvadasxva tipis axali iniciativebis ganxorcielebas Caeyara safuZveli. saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministrom Sekriba Sefasebis monacemebi maRalmTian regionebSi saxlebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb da 2004 wels saxelmwifos mier SemuSavebul iqna ramdenime axali iniciativa eko-migrantebis saxlebiT uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. 2004 wlis ivnisSi, prezidentis brZanebulebis Sesabamisad, eTnikur qarTvel eko-migrantebsa da mkvidr eTnikur somex mosaxleobas Soris arsebuli daZabulobis daregulirebis mizniT Seiqmna walkis, axalcixisa da ninowmindis raionebSi mcxovrebi eko-migrantebis procesebis maregulirebeli komisia. komisiis mizani iyo eko-migraciis iuridiul CarCoSi moTavseba da gansaxlebebis mimarT axali midgomebis SemuSaveba, Tumca am yovelives aranairi praqtikuli gamoxatuleba ar mohyolia.

2005 wels saqarTvelom ratificirfeba moaxdina evrosabWos CarCo konvenciisa

erovnuli umciresobebis dacvis Taobaze, sadac, me-16 muxlis Tanaxmad, ikrZaleba nebismieri qmedeba, romelic demografiul disbalanss gamoiwvevs erovnuli umciresobebiT dasaxlebul regionebSi.

2006 wlis martSi daiwyo programa, romelic miznad isaxavda stiqiuri ubedurebebis Sedegad dazaralebuli da saxelmwifos mxridan myisieri daxmarebis molodinSi myofi ojaxebis monacemTa bazis Seqmnas. aseve dainerga eko-migrantebis sakompensacio daxmarebis Sefasebis sistema, rac geologebis mier momzadebul daskvnebs efuZneboda Semdegi Sefasebis kriteriumebis mixedviT:

1. dangreuli saxli 2. dazianebuli saxli 3. dazianebuli saxli, romelic

aRdgenas eqvemdebareba 4. mxolod miwis nakveTia

dazianebuli saxlis garSemo mxolod is pirebi, vinc aRniSnuli

CamonaTvalis 1 kategoriaSi xvdebodnen, eqvemdeborebodnen saxelmwifo gansaxlebas.

2006 wlis zafxulSi saministrom walkis raionSi aWareli eko-migrantebis saxlebis mdgomareoba Seiswavla. Camoyalibda monitoringis jgufi, romlis SemadgenlobaSi Sevidnen rogorc saministros, aseve adgilobrivi administraciisa da walkis raionis mkvidri macxovreblebis warmomadgenlebi.

miuxedavad imisa, rom saakaSvilis mTavrobis mier gadadgmuli garkveuli nabijebi naTeli gamovlinebaa mTvarobis miswrafebisa eko-migraciis sferoSi pozitiuri cvlilebebis moxdenis TvalsazrisiT, aRniSnuli Zalisxmevebi mxolod sporisebur xasiaTs atarebs da ar xdeba maTi kompleqsursa da kargad dafinansebul saxelmwifo politikaSi integrireba.

IV. mimdinare gansaxlebis procesebisTvis saWiro resursebis Sefaseba


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saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministros oficialur warmomadgenlebTan Catarebuli interviuebis mixedviT, 2004 wlidan 2011 wlamde mTlianobaSi 1,064 ojaxma miiRo saxelmwifo daxmareba axal adgilebSi Casaxlebis uzrunvelyofiT da dRevandeli mdgomareobiT gansaxlebis molodinSi 37 aTasi ojaxi aris daregistrirebuli, maT Soris 11 aTasi ojaxi Sefasebis 1 da me-2 kategoriebs miekuTvneba (saswrafo gansaxlebis saWiroeba).8 aWaraSi arsebul ekologiur problemebs mravali sxva faqtoric emateba, kerZod ki, mosaxleobis swrafi zrda da miwis simcire. mravalSviliani (ZiriTadad, muslimi) ojaxebis mzardi moTxovnilebebi tyeebis gaCexvas iwvevs, ris Sedegadac izrdeba maRalmTniani da cicabo miwis nakveTebis sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis mixedviT moxmarebis intesiobac, es yovelive ki stiqiuri ubedurebebis safrTxes zrdis. grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi aWaris regionSi miwebis simcire warmoqmnis `demografiuli migrantebis~ talRas, kerZod ki, xulosa da Suaxevis raionebidan baris mimarTulebiT. am dromde saxelmwifos mxridan saxlebis Sesyidvis procesi kvlavac nela mimdinareobs da axal CasaxlebebTan dakavSirebuli yvela is saWiroeba Tu problema, romlebic aWarisa da svaneTis regionebSi 2005 wels arsebuli stiqiuri ubedurebebis Sedegad gaCnda, kvlavac gadauWrelia.

eko-migrantebis gansaxlebis rogorc mimdinare, aseve momavalSi arsebul saWiroebaTa zusti raodenobrivi CamonaTvalis momzadeba metad rTul amocanas warmoadgens Sefasebebis procesSi arsebuli xarvezebis gamo. kerZod ki, gansaxlebis dros yvela problemisa Tu saWiroebis Sefaseba

8 interviu saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministros TanamSromelTan, 2011 wlis marti.

mxolod vizualuri daTvalierebiT xdeba, rac wesiT geologiur da eqpertis mier momzadebuli analizis daskvnebs unda efuZnebodes. zogierT regionSi sakmao cdomilebebi arsebobs geologebis mier mozadebul daskvnebsa da im Sefasebebs Soris, romlebsac saministros personali amzadebs. am tipis uzustobebis aRmosafxvrelad mcxeTa-mTianeTis regionis duSeTis raonis sofel veckaTxevSi xorcieldeba gansaxlebis dros aucilebel moTxovnilebaTa Sefasebis sapiloto proeqti. saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministrom uzrunvelyo sxvadasxva pasuxismgeblobaTa delegireba raionuli administraciisaTvis pirveladi ganacxadebisa da Sesabamisi xasiaTis geologiuri angariSebisEmomzadebis kuTxiT. am programis mxardamWerebs miaCniaT, rom aRniSnuli proceduruli modelis warmatebis SemTxvevaSi igi aucileblad dainergeba stiqiiT dazaralebul sxva soflebSic, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, Catarebuli Sefasebebi danarCen regionebSic arasaxarbielo Sedegebs gamoiRebs.

V. oficialuri procesi

saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministro

saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministros migraciis, repatriaciisa da ltolvilTa departamentis pasuxismgebel pirebTan 2011 wlis martsa da TebervalSi Catarebuli interviuebis Tanaxmad irkveva, rom eko-migrantebis Casaxlebis sakiTxebze eqskluziurad 5-kaciani jgufi


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muSaobs (gansaxlebis ganyofileba)9. erTi TanamSromeli cxovrobs javaxeTSi, romelic pasuxsmgebelia saxlebis Sesyidvaze, amave dros igi sakontaqto piris movaleobasac asrulebs im migrantebisTvis, vinc am teritoriebsa da mezobel walkis raionSia Casaxlebuli. danarCeni 4 TanamSromeli TbilisSia ganTavsebuli, saidanac maT xSirad uwevT gansaxlebis teritoriebis monaxuleba.

2004 wlidan 2009 wlamde garkveuli saxelmwifo Tanxebi gamoiyofoda ekologiuri migrantebis gansaxlebisaTvis saxlebisa da miwis nakveTebis SesaZenad. Catarebuli interviuebis mixedviT irkveva, rom 2009 wlis saxelmwifo biujetSi daaxloebiT 1 milioni lari (420,000 evro) iyo gaTvaliswinebuli eko-migrantebis sacxovrebeli pirobebiT uzrunvelyofisaTvis, xolo 2010 da 2011 wlebis biujetSi am mimarTulebiT Tanxebi saerTod ar gamoyofila. saministros TanamSromlebis ganmartebiT, saxelmwifo daxmarebis mimRebi yvela beneficiari dakmayofilebul iqna sacxovrebeli saxliTa da sul mcire 0,5 heqtari miwis nakveTiT. gansaxlebis ganyofilebis ufrosis ganmartebiT,10 saministros mier eko-migrantebisTvis saxlebis Sesyidva, misi Tanamdebobaze yofnis dros (2006 wlidan) wlebis mixedviT raodenobrivad Semdegnairad gamoixata:

2006 - 216 saxli 2007 - 187 saxli 2008 - 44 saxli 2009 - 127 saxli 2010 – Sesyidvis gareSe (biujetis uqonloba) 2011 - Sesyidvis gareSe (biujetis uqonloba)

is procedurebi, romlebsac saministro asrulebs pirveladi

9 ixileT organizaciuli struqtura: <http://mra.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG#index/170/ENG>. 10 interviu saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministros TanamSromelTan, 2011 wlis 11 Tebervali.

ganacxadebis miRebidan gansaxlebis dasrulebis bolo fazamde, mudmivad icvleba TiToeuli adgilisaTvis damaxasiasTebeli pirobebisa da SesaZleblobebis mixedviT. qvemoT mocemulia am procesis mokle monaxazi, ise rogorsac mas saministros TanamSromlebi aRweren.

TanmimdevrobiTi procesi – daxmarebis moTxovnidan gansaxlebamde

stiqiuri ubedurebebis Sedegad dazaralebuli pirebi amis Sesaxeb pirvel rigSi atyobineben adgilobriv municipalur mTavrobas an pirdapir saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministros;

adgilobrivi mTavrobebis prerogativas warmoadgens individualur moTxovnilebaTa Sefasebis momzadeba zemoT aRwerili dazaralebis 4-kategoriani sistemis Sesabamisad. is ojaxebi, vinc 1-sa da me-2 kategoriaSi gadian (saxlebi, romlebic sruladaa dangreuli an ar eqvemdebareba aRdgenas), rogorc wesi, gansaxlebasa da sacxovrebeliT uzrunvelyofas saWiroeben, Tumca maTTvis gamoyofili daxmarebis moculobas mocemul momentSi arsebuli resursebi ganapirobeben;

adgilobrivi mTavrobebi valdebulni arian saministros gaacnon aRniSnuli informacia, romelic, Tavis mxriv, inaxavs yvela gancxadebas;

xSir SemTxvevebSi, Sefasebis formebis Sevseba mxolod vizualuri daTvalierebis Sedegad mopovebul informacias


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eyrdnoba, rogoricaa Tavad saxlisa da sakarmidamo nakveTis dazianebis xarisxi;

saministro mimarTavs adgilobriv mTavrobebs, gamoavlinon is ojaxebi, vinc moTxovnilebebis swrafad dakmayofilebas saWiroeben (rogorc wesi, Sefasebis 1-sa da me-2 kategoriaSi myofni);

saministro iyenebs sakuTar biujets saxlebisa da sakarmidamo nakveTebis Sesasyidad (Cveulebriv, 2 heqtars erT ojaxze), saWiroebis SenmTxvvaSi xdeba avejis Sesyidvac;

zogierT SemTxvevebSi ojaxebs eZlevaT saSualeba, airCion da winaswar moinaxulon is adgilebi, sadac samomavlod unda moxdes maTi Casaxleba;

beneficiarebma xeli unda moaweron Tanxmobis dokuments imis Taobaze, rom maTi gansaxleba maTive survilisamebr xdeba;

aWaris adgilobrivi mTavroba TiTeul ojaxze gascems kompensacias 1000 laris odenobiT (420 evro);

municipaluri mTavrobebi maT regionSi dazaralebuli mosaxleobis transportirebas uzrunvelyofen maTi Casaxlebis daniSnulebis wertilamde (mxolod aWaraSi);

Casaxlebisas registraciis gavlis Semdgom eko-migrantebi saministrosTan wyveten urTierTobas da mimarTaven registraciis adgilze arsebul municipalur mTavrobebs TavianTi moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad;

rogorc wesi, adgilze ar arsebobs mudmivi sakontaqto piri, romelic eko-migrantebs maTTvis problemuri sakiTxebis ganxilvasa da mogvarebaSi daexmareba.

ZiriTadi naklovanebebi

miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministro kvlavac miiCnevs, rom gansaxlebisTvis saWiro biujeti arasakmarisia (2010-2011 wlebis ganmavlobaSi biujetis ararseboba), maT am etapamde ar SeumuSavebiaT aranairi axali ganacxadi mimdinare strategiis gaumjobesebis mizniT. 2011 wlis gazafxulze umciresobis sakiTxTa

evropuli centrisa (ECMI) da kavkasiis garemos dacvis arasamTavrobo

organizaciaTa qselis (CENN) mier Catarebulma kvlevam gamoavlina Semdegi tipis ZiriTadi naklovanebebi;

saministros gansaxlebis ganyofileba (migraciis, repatriaciisa da ltolvilTa depatrtamentis eko-migraciis ganyofileba) marTavs Sefasebisa da gansaxlebis procesebs amisTvis saWiro Tanmimdevruli politikisa Tu grZelvadiani strategiis gareSe;

eko-migraciis mimarT struqturuli politikis ararseboba niSnavs imas, rom saministros uwevs mxolod SezRuduli saqmianobebis Sesruleba, rogoricaa eko-migrantebisaTvis saxlebisa da sakarmidamo nakveTebis Sesyidva, rac ar iTvaliswinebs aranair mimdinare daxmarebas, ramac, Tavis mxriv, unda ganapirobos Casaxlebis adgilebSi axalmosaxleTa warmatebuli integrireba;

aRniSnuli sistemis farglebSi gadawyvetileba miiReba individualurad, rac potenciurad Riaa korufciisa da saxelmwifo resursebis miTvisebisTvis;

arasakmarisi finansuri resursebi (2010-2011 wlebSi


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biujetis arqona) saministros myisieri reagirebis funqcias ukargavs;

Sefasebis procedura arasistematur xasiaTs atarebs da adgilobrivi administraciis mier yovelTvis skrupulozurad ar tardeba;

stiqiiT dazaralebuli regionebis geologiuri Sefasebebis Sesaxeb monacemebi saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministros eko-migraciis ganyofilebas ar gaaCnia, Tumca am informacias flobs bunebrivi resursebisa da garemos dacvis saministro, magram saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministros msgavs informaciaze xeli kvlavac ar miuwvdeba;

saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministros eko-migraciis ganyofilebas ar aqvs aranair prognozi momavalSi gansaxlebisTvis saWiro aucilebel RoniZiebaTa gatarebis Sesaxeb, rac imaze metyvelebs, rom saministros gansaxlebis politika mxolod reaqciul xasiaTs atarebs;

municipalitetebis damokidebuleba stiqiis Sedegebis Sefasebebis procesebze sagrZnoblad gansxvavedeba erTmaneTisagan. xSirad municipalur administraciebs evalebaT geologiuri daskvnebis momzadeba gansaxlebis dros mTavari saWiroebebis gansazRvris mizniT, Tumca aRniSnuli yvelasTvis standartul praqtikas ar

warmoadgens. adgilobriv administraciaTa umravlesoba gansalxebis dros aucilebel moTxovnaTa Sefasebas atarebs specialuri formis meSveobiT, romlis Sevsebac mxolod vizualuri daTvalierebis Sedegad xdeba. municipalitetebSi mTavari uzustobebi SefasebaTa procedurebis araerTgvarovnebis gamo fiqsirdeba;

koordinacia gansaxlebis saministrosa da im municipalur administraciebs Soris, sadac stiqiuri ubedurebebis Sedegad eko-migrantebis talRa iqmneba, sakmaod SezRudulia, rac sabolood gamoixateba imaSi, rom adgili aqvs mraval Seusabamobas da angariSvaldebulebaTa sistemis gaumarTav muSaobas eko-migrantebisTvis mocemul momentSi arsebul problemaTa droulad mosagvareblad;

gansaxlebis procesebis dasrulebis Semdeg, roca migrantebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministros pasuxismgeblobis sferos scildeba, axal adgilebSi Casaxlebuli eko-migrantebisTvis ar aris gamoyofili oficialuri sakontaqto piri, romelsac isini daukavSirdebian da gaacnoben adgilze arsebul mdgomareobas. xSir SemTxvevebSi, Casaxlebis adgilebSi moqmedi municipaluri samsaxurebi eko-migrantebis sakiTxebis mimarT did gulisxmierebas ar iCenen;11

11 interviu qvemo qarTlis marneulis raionis sofel xixanis eko-migrantebTan, 2010 wlis oqtomberi


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gansaxlebis saministros eko-migraciis ganyofileba ar aris valdebuli, daasabuTos im regionebis SerCevis marTebuloba, romlebic eko-migrantebis Semdgomi CasaxlebisTvis Sesaferis arealebad moiazreba.

xulos raionis administracia, aWaris avtonomiuri respublika (2010 wlis 13 dekemberi)

saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministrosTan TanamSromlobiT migrantebis yofilsa da Casaxlebis arealebSi moqmedi municipaluri administraciebi unda gaxdes gansaxlebis procesebis warmatebulad ganxorcielebis mTavari garanti, rac, Tavis mxriv, gansaxlebis dros ZiriTadi saWiroebebisa da beneficiarebis idenTificirebasa da Casaxlebis arealebSi migrantebis warmatebul integrirebas iTvaliswinebs. qvemoT mocemulia interviu, romelic xulos raionSi adgilobrivi administraciis ufross Cautarda, sadac rogorc warsulSi, aseve axlac araerTma stiqiurma ubedurebam safrTxe Seuqmna da kvlavac uqmnis adgilobrivi mosaxleobis sicocxlesa da sacxovrebel pirobebs.

xulos raionuli administraciis axlad daniSnul ufross jer kidev ar miuRia monawileoba eko-migrantebis gansalxebis procesSi, Tumca man daasaxela am sferoSi muSaobis sakmao gamocdilebis mqone piri, visac intervius dros daevala detalurad aRewera adgilobrivi administraciis mier, mewyeris an sxva tipis stiqiuri ubedurebebis sapasuxod gatarebuli zomebi. oficialurma pirma aRiara, rom adgilze ar arsebobs praqtikaSi gasatarebeli formaluri politika, Tumca aRwera Semdegi fazebi:

stiqiuri ubedurebis Sedegad dazaralebul pirTa daxmarebis moTxovnis ganacxadebis miReba;

aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis jandacvisa da socialuri daxmarebis saministros saxelze werilis gagzavna;

dazaralebul arealSi geologebis viziti zaralisa da adgilze arsebuli mTavari moTxovnilebebis Sesafaseblad;

gansaxlebisTanave aWaris adgilobrivi mTavrobis mier 1000 laris (420 evro) sakompensacio Tanxis gadaxda TiToeuli beneficiari ojaxis sabanko angariSze.

oficialurma pirma ver daakonkreta, Tu romeli dawesebuleba agzavnis geologebis jgufs daskvnebis mosamzadeblad, an romeli uwyebaa gansaxlebisTvis finansuri kompenasciebis gamoyofaze pasuxismgebeli.

VI. eko-migrantTa gansaxlebis

konkretul SemTxvevaTa aRwera (2010 wlis oqtomber-dekemberi)

winamdebare angariSis zemoT ganxilul nawilSi moyvanil saxelmwifo moxeleTa mosazrebebisa da maTi gansalxebis procesebis mimarT damokidebulebis garda aseve mniSvnelovania eko-migrantebis azrTa gaziarebac, rac metad saintereso WrilSi warmoaCens migraciis procesebs. aWaris, qvemo qarTlis, samcxe-javaxeTisa da kaxeTis regionebSi mcxovreb eko-migrantebTan Catarebuli interviuebi sakmaod naTlad asaxaven saxelmwifo gansaxlebis procesebis mimdinareobas, rac aseve mkafio dadasturebaa aRniSnuli procesebis rogorc warmatebuli aspeqtebis, aseve im naklovani mxareebisac, rasac Semdgomi srulyofa esaWiroeba.


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aWaris regionis xulos raionis sofel qvemo Txilvanadan beneficiari eko-migrantebis damokidebuleba saxelmwifo gansaxlebis procesebis mimarT interviuebi CautardaT sofel qvemo Txilvanas mkvird mosaxleobas adgilze, visac ukve miRebuli hqondaT saxelmwifos daxmareba qvemo qarTlis regionis marneulis raionSi Casaxlebis uzrunvelyofiT. qvemoT mocemulia aRniSnul arealSi axalCasaxlebulTa gamocdilebis detaluri aRwera. stiqiiT dazaralebuli qvemo Txilvanas mosaxleobasTan Catarebuli interviuebiT irkveva, rom marneulis raionSi sacxovreblad Cayvanili xalxi iq arsebuli gausaZlisi pirobebis gamo ukan daubrundnen mSobliur mxares, geologebis mier momzadebuli daskvnebis miuxedavad, romelTa Sesabamisadac xulos raionis sofeli Txilvana sacxovreblad saxifaTo arealad aris miCneuli da sadac misasvleli gzac ki aRar arsebobs. is ojaxebi, visac stiqiam saxlebi dauziana, ar toveben sakuTar mxares da naTesavebs an mezoblebs arian Sekedlebulni.

2007 wlis gazafxulidan moyolebuli qvemo TxilvanaSi ramdenime mewyeris Sedegad rogorc saxlebi, ise sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwebi da is gza dzianda, romelic aRniSnul sofels sxva mezobel soflebTan akavSirebda. bolo wlebis ganamvalobSi mTis ferdobebze tyeebis gaCexvam niadagi daaziana, Tumca mewyeris mTavar mizezad soflis qveda qanebSi gamdinare wylebi miiCneva. amJamad sofels didi xrami or nawilad hyofs, da orive nawili Zlieri wvimebis Sedegad kvlavac itboreba. sofeli nel-nela ingreva da amJamad mxolod misi naxevaria darCenili. saxlebisa da miwebis amgvari dazianebis gamo adgilobriv mosaxleobas ufro da ufro uWirs tradiciuli sasoflo-sameurneo meTodebiT Tavis gatana.

mas Semdeg, rac adgilobriv municipalurma mTavrobam Seityo pirveli Zlieri mewyeris Sesaxeb, maTi meoxebiT geologebis gjufi ewvia raions. Seswavlil iqna teritoria da 2007 wlis gazafxulze momzadda geologiuri daskvna, ramac gamoavlina, rom miwisqveSa wylebi mdinaris saxiT gaedineba niadagis siRrmeSi da sofelSi yvela saxls dangrevis safrTxis winaSe ayenebs. soflis mcxovreblebs gaacnes aRniSnuli daskvna da soflis skolaSi, daaxloebiT, 18 Tvis Semdeg Semdgar Sexvedraze am soflis yvela mcxovrebs mieniWa kategoria 1 statusi, rac imaze metyvelebda, rom TiToeul maTgans saxelmwifo daxmareba unda mieRo sxva raionebSi gansaxlebis uzrunvelyofiT. am soflis 70-ma ijaxma Tanxmoba, xolo 10-ma ojaxma uari ganacxada gansaxlebaze. soflis mosaxleobas ar miuRia aranairi werilobiTi dokumentacia sakompensacio daxmarebisa da maTi uflebamosilebebis Sesaxeb, maT aseve ar gaaCniaT informacia Tu romeli oficialuri dawesebuleba iTvleba maTi sakiTxebis ganxilvaze pasuxismgebel organod.

2008 wlis dekembersa da 2009 wlis TebervalSi qvemo qarTlis marneulis raionis sofel xixanSi axali Casaxleba ganxorcielda. Semdeg TavSi aRwerilia sofel qvemo Txilvanas eko-migrantebis qvemo qarTlis regionis marneulis raionis sofel xixanSi CasaxlebasTan dakavSirebuli detalebi.

qvemo qarTlis regionis marneulis raionis sofel xixanSi gansaxlebis pirobebi

sofeli xixani eko-migrantebis saxelmwifo gansaxlebisTvis Sesaferis daniSnulebis adgils warmoadgenda, sadac xulos raionidan eko-migracia or etapad ganxorcielda: pirveli 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, roca aWaris regionidan 100 eko-migranti ojaxi Casaxlda da meore, roca 2008 wlis dekembersa da 2009 wlis TebervalSi 70 ojaxi xulos raionis sofel qvemo


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Txilvanadan iqna gadmosaxlebuli (aRwerilia wina TavSi). gansaxlebis am meore etapis monawile migrantebs CautardaT interviuebi.

sofel qvemo Txilvanas mcxovreblebs ar miecaT maTi CasaxlebisTvis gamiznuli sofeli xixanis winaswari daTvalierebis SesaZlebloba. eko-migrantebis nivTebisa da avejis transportirebisaTvis gamoyofil iqna specialuri satvirTo manqanebi. Casaxlebis adgilebSi arsebuli saxlebi migrantTa ojaxebis sididis mixedviT iqna ganawilebuli. garda im elementaruli konstruqciis saxlebisa (aRwerilia qvemoT), sadac eko-migrantebi Seasaxles, saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministrom TiToeul ojaxs macivari, karada, loginebi (dabali xarisxis matrasebiT) da televizori gadasca. aWaris mTavrobam amavdroulad 1000 laris (420 evro) fuladi kompensacia gadauricxa TiToeul ojaxs bankis angariSebze, aseve maT mciredi daxmarebac gadaecaT fqvilisa da sawvavis saxiT. is saxlebi, sadac eko-migrantebis Sesaxleba ganxorcielda, elementarul sacxovrebel pirobebsac ar akmayofilebda, kerZod saxlebSi gaTbobis aranairi saSualeba ar iyo damontaJebuli Tundac xis Rumelebis saxiT, rac migrantebma Tavad SeiZines 200 larad (83 evro). arsebuli mdgomareobidan gamomdianre, axalmosaxleebs eWvic ki eparebaT imaSi, rom maT Sesaxlebamde saxlebi elementarul doneze mainc SekeTda.

eko-migrantebis sacxovrebeli saxlebis mSenebloba sabWoTa kavSiris periodSia dawyebuli da dausrulebel mdgomareobaSi iyo mitovebuli migrantebis Sesaxlebamde. rogorc irkveva, isini 2-sarTulian saxlebad iyo dagegmili, Tumca zogierT maTgans ramdenime gare kedeli dRemde aklia. Casaxlebamde mcire xniT adre saxlebSi saxeldaxelo remontia Catarebuli. minimaluri danaxarjebiT SekeTebuli saxuravebis umravlesoba wvimis wyals atarebs, 70 ojaxisTvis saxeldaxelod

momzadebuli sacxovrebeli binebidan mxolod 8 maTgania wylisgan daculi. maT Soris, zogierTi saxli, marTlac, ukiduresad cud mdgomarebaSia: orsarTuliani Senobis struqturis mqone erT-sarTuliani nagebobebi, romlebsac gareTa kedlebi ar aqvT da Zlieri wvimis dros itborebian. 2008-2009 wlebSi eko-migrantebis Sesaxlebamde mcire xniT adre, aseT ukidures mdgomarebaSi arsebul saxlebSi erTi an ori oTaxi garemontda, rasac saxeldaxelod SekeTebuli saxuravi gaukeTda. garda amisa, saxlebSi arsebuli Werebi araTabradaa morgebuli da xSir SemTxvevaSi nawilebad iSleba.

2010 wlis agvistoSi gafuWda wyalsatumbi, romelic axlomdebare patara mdinaridan amaragebda sofels wyliT. sofeli xixanis mosaxleobisaTvis wylis alternatiuli wyaro mxolod soflis ganapiras arsebuli Wa aRmoCnda. adgilobriv ojaxebs, gansakuTrebiT, bavSvebs dRis ganmavlobaSi ramdenjerme uwevdaT ramdenime (2-4) kilometris gavla wylis mosatanad, xSirad rigSi dgomac, raTa sayofacxovrebo moxmarebisTvis saWiro wylis sakmarisi maragi moegrovebinaT dRis ganmavlobaSi. saxelmwifom axali tumbos SesaZenad 12 aTasi lari gamoyo. TiToeulma ojaxmac gaiRo garkveuli Tanxa imave mizniT marneulis municipalur administraciaSi, Tumca mosaxleoba kvlavac ukmayofiloa im faqtiT, rom adgilobrivi mTavroba ar iCens sakmaris yuradRebas am sakiTxis mimarT, rac imaSi gamoixateba, rom sofeli kvlavac tumbos Sesyidvas elodeba. marneulis raionis soflebis gazis momaragebis sistemasTan dasakavSireblad, samTavrobo programis Sesabamisad, soflebSi gazis milebis Semotana daiwyo. miuxedavad imisa, rom adgilobriv mosaxleobam icoda, rom aRniSnuli programiT maTi saxlebi gaziT momaragebis sistemas ufasod unda dakavSirebodnen, marneulis raionulma administraciam soflis mosaxleobas saxlebamde gaziT momaragebis uzrunvelsayofad 300 laris damatebiT gadaxda mosTxova. saxlebi eleqtroenergiiT maragdeba, Tumca


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mosaxleoba SeSfoTebas gamoTqvams eleqtro-ganyvanilobebis dabali standartebiT damontaJebis Taobaze, radgan sacxovrebeli saxlebis wvimis wylis mimarT daucveloba arsebuli gayvanilobis pirobebSi mgomareobas ukiduresad sariskos xdis. Sesaxlebidan eqvsi Tvis Tavze soflis erT-erT mosaxles saxli daewva. igi axla mezoblebTan cxovrobs da mis saxlSi ceclis gaCenas saxeldaxelod damontaJebul eleqtro-gayvanilobas ambralebs.

aRniSnul sofelSi saxelmwifo gansaxlebis procesSi eko-migrantebisTvis 2 heqtari sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis nakveTebis gadacemac iyo gaTvaliswinebuli, rac Casaxlebidan ori wlis manZilzec ar mogvarebula. eko-migrantebs sakuTari saqonlis gamosakvebad saerTo saZovari miwebis gamoyeneba uxdebaT, rac mcire Semosavlebis wyaroa maTTvis. migrantebi kvlavac ukmayofilebas gamoTqvaven municipaluri mTavrobis mimarT sakuTari miwebis ar qonis gamo, vianidan araerTxel gakeTebuli mimarTva situaciis gamosworebis mizniT realur Sedegs ar iZleva. es yovelive ki gaxda mTavari mizezi imisa, rom Casaxlebuli eko-migrantebis umravlesoba TaviaT nasaxlars daubrunda aWaris regionSi. eko-migrantebis umravlesobas sakuTari Tavis rCena mxolod soflis meurneobiT SeuZlia da misTvis miwis damuSavebis garda, dasaqmebis sxva alternativa, faqtobrivad, ar arsebobs. eko-migrantebi rZis produqtebis warmoebiTa da realizaciiT irCenen Tavs, ramdenime maTgani ki, dabali anazRaurebis sanacvlod adgilobriv fermerebTan miwis muSad muSaobs.

eko-migrantebi aseve gamoTqvamen ukmayofilebas imis Taobaze, rom oficialuri pirebi rogorc saministrodan, aseve raionuli administraciidan yvelanairad ignorirebas uweven maT problemebs. isini Casaxlebis dRidan saministros oficialuri warmomadgenlis mxolod erT vizits ixseneben, romlis farglebSic adgilobriv mosaxleobas

mieca saSualeba, oficialuri warmomadgenlisaTvis gaecno sakuTari satkivari sacxovrebeli saxlebis gaumarTaobisa da sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis simciris Taobaze. Tumca mas Semdeg am yovelives arc sapasuxo reaqcia da arc Semdgomi viziti ar mohyolia. adgilobrivi mosaxleobis mier arCeuli warmomadgeneli ixsenebs ramdenime warumatebel mcedlobas, roca marneulis raionul administraciaSi gansaxilvelad wamoWra sakiTxi Casaxlebuli eko-migrantebis gaumarTavi saxlebisa da miwebis daurigeblobis Sesaxeb. adgilobrivi oficialuri pirebis mxridan eko-migrantebis sakiTxebis mimarT pasuxismgeblobis Tavidan aridebis ararTi precendenti arsebobs, roca isini eko-migrantebs mouwodeben daxmarebisTvis aWaris adgilobriv mTavrobas mimarTon. eko-migrantebs adgilobrivi administracia miaCniaT korifciul organod, romelic ukidures indiferentul damokidebulebas amJRavnebs maTi sazrunavisa da moTxovnebis mimarT.12 migrantebi aseve gamoxataven ukmayofilebas im Tanxebis aSkara gauCinarebis Sesaxeb, rac maTi moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad iyo gamiznuli, Tumca zogadad Znelia im kompensaciebze saubari, roca ar arsebobs sakmarisi warmodgena an dokumenturad gaformebuli damamtkicebeli sabuTi aRniSnuli mtkicebis dasasabuTeblad.

eko-migrantebi aseve asaxeleben maT mcdelobas prezident saakaSvilisaTvis gadaecaT peticia, roca igi iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebiT dasaxlebul axlomdebare sofels stumrobda. migrantebi, romlebic prezidentTan misvlas gegmavdnen, policiam mis Camosvlamde ramdenime saaTiT adre daakava da soflidan moSorebiT tyeSi datova, saidanac maT soflamde fexiT mouwiaT siaruli. am incidentma eko-migrantebSi daTesa rogorc maTi problemebis gaxmaurebis uaryofiTi Sedegebis miRebis SiSi, aseve zogierTi

12 interviu qvemo qarTlis marneulis raionis sofel xixanis eko-migrantebTan, 2010 wlis oqtomberi


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mezoblis mimarT undobloba da eWvi. eko-migrantebsa da mkvidr mosaxleobas Soris urTierToba ar aris problematuri. maTi uaxloesi mezoblebi 2 aTwleulis win Camosaxlebuli aseve eko-migrantebi arian xulos raionidan. axalmosaxleni da yofili migrantebi, romlebic ukve sofel xixanis mkvidrni arian, mSvidobianad Tanacxovroben, Tumca axlad CasaxlebulTa sacxovrebeli standartebi gacilebiT dabalia adgilobrivebTan SedarebiT. sofel xixanis eko-migrantebi rZisa da sxva sakvebi produqtebiT vaWroben, riTac aseve amarageben eTnikuri somxebiT dasaxlebul sofel Saumiansac.

axalmosaxle eko-migrantebs regionSi gavrcelebul Sxamian gvelebTan mouwiaT Sexeba. soflis maxloblad mdebare sabWoTa periodSi uyuradRebod datovebuli gvelebis fermidan maRal balaxebSi Sxamiani gvelebi gavrcelda. bolo wlebSi gvelis nakbenis gamo qali gardaicvala, da patara biWma TiTi dakarga. adgilbrivi mTagoriani reliefi qimiur damuSavebas saWiroebs.

saxelmwifo gansaxleba samcxe-javaxeTis regionis ninowmindis raionis sofel gorelovkaSi 2004 wlidan saxelmwifos mier aWaris regionidan eko-migrantebis 68 ojaxi sacxovreblad gadayvanili iqna javaxeTis regionis (mosaxleobis 95% eTnikuri somxebia) sofel gorelovkaSi. me-19 saukunis meore naxevridan aRniSnuli sofeli da ramdenime sofeli mis garSemo eTnikurad rusi duxoborebis TemebiT iyo dasaxlebuli. duxoborTa TandaTonobiTi emigraciis pirveli talRa gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebSi daiwyo, rac SemdgomSi 2000-ian wlebSic gagrZelda da masiuri saxe bolo ramdenime wlis ganamvlobaSi miiRo, Sedegad maT sabolood datoves aRniSnuli teritoria. gorelovkaSi duxoborebis mier datovebuli saxl-kari rogorc saxelmwifom, aseve somexma mosaxleobamac SeiZina. 90-ian wlebSi eko-migrantebis Casaxlebas sofel gorelovkaSi

adgilobrivi eTnikuri somexi mosalxeobis mxridan ara mxolod dapirispireba, aramed Zaladobac mohyva. amJamad am teritoriaze eko-migrantebis Casaxlebis intensiurobis klebam es sakiTxi nakleb sadavod aqcia.

dRevandeli mdgomareobiT duxoborebis yofil saxlebSi aWaris regionidan Camosaxlebuli 68 eko-migranti ojaxi binadrobs. marneulis raionSi arsebuli saxlebisgan gansxvavebiT (wina TavSi ganxiluli SemTxvevebi) aqauri salxebis mdgomareoba damakmayofilebelia. gorelovkaSi Casaxlebuli eko-migrantebis TiToeul ojaxs aWaris mTavrobam 1000 laris kompansacia (420 evro) gadauxada. eko-migrantebs saWiro aveji ar miuRiaT, Tumca saxlebSi Sesaxlebisas adgilze arsebuli nivTebi maT srul gankargulebaSi gadavida. saxlebSi gazi ar aris, Tumca Seyvanilia eleqtro-energia, xolo bunebrivi airi, romlis milsadenebic, saxelmwifo programis Tanaxmad, mosaxleobas saxlebamde unda miuvides, jer axlomdebare teritoriamdec ar aris miyvanili. wyali, tradiciulad, individualuri an saerTo Webidan miewodeba sofels. miuxedavad imisa, rom saxelmwifo programam ufasod unda uzrunvelyos wyalmomaragebis sistemis gayvana da saxlebis sasmeli wyliT uzrunvelyofa, adgilobrivma mTavrobam TiToeul ojaxs wylis saxlamde miyvanisTvis 400 laris (166 evro) gadaxda mosTxova.

eko-migrantebis nawilma saxelmwifosgan miiRo 2 heqtari miwis nakveTi soflidan moSorebiT, Tumca zogierTi maTgani kvlavac miwis gareSea darCenili adgilobrivi administraciis mravali dapirebis miuxedavad. maT sxva araferi darCeniaT garda imisa, rom dabali anazRaurebis sanacvlod dRiuri samuSao Seasrulon. regionSi umuSevroba kritikul zRvars aRwevs da mosaxleoba sakuTari miwis damuSavebiT miRebuli produqciiT irCens Tavs. adgilobrivi mTavrobis mravali dapireba, rom eko-migrantebi met daxmarebas miiReben miwis, dasaqmebisa da sxvadasxva saxis kompensaciebis saxiT, mxolod dapirebad


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rCeba da konkretuli qmedeba jer ar mohyolia. eko-migrantebs uZneldebaT fermeruli meurneobebis dawyebisTvis saWiro kreditebis miReba.

marneulis raionis sofel xixanSi mcxovrebi eko-migrantebisgan gansxvavebiT, gorelovkaSi Casaxlebul ojaxebs regularuli kontaqti aqvT saministros oficialur warmomadgenelTan TbilisSi. aRniSnuli piri valdebulia eko-migrantebisTvis saxlebis Sesyidva da sxvadasxva kompensaciebis gacema akontrolos, aseve mas evaleba adgilobriv administracias gaacnos mimdinare problemebis arsi da maTze saministros eko-migrantebis ganyofilebaSi momzados angariSebi. mudmivad oficialur pirTan komunikaciis saSualeba gacilebiT advils xdis adgilbrivebisTvis ama Tu im problemis wamoWras, Tumca am tipis daxmareba mainc ver gaxda eko-migrantebisTvis dapirebuli miwis nakveTebis darigebis garanti da municipaluri mTavroba kvalvac uyuradRebod tovebs migrantebisTvis mtkivneul sakiTxebs.

eko-migrantebsa da adgilobriv eTnikur somex mosaxleobas Soris ormxrivi eWvi da undobloba arsebobs. migrantebis umravlesoba ufro metad urTierTobs da TanamSormlobs darCenil mcirericxovan duxoborebTan, vidre eTnikur somxebTan.

eko-migrantebi ukmayofilebas gamoTqvamen raionSi eTnikurad somexi mosaxleobis interesTa `gabatonebis~ gamo iseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxze, rogoricaa miwis sakuTreba da sakmaod skeptikurad uyureben raionul administraciaSi am sakiTxis gaprotestebis perspeqtivebs, vinaidan miaCniaT, rom adgilobrivi mTavroba ukiduresad korumpirebulia da maTTan saubari am sakiTxebze Sedegs ar gamoiRebs. adgilobrivi eTnikurad somexi mosaxleoba musulman aWarel eko-migrantebs `Turqebad~ Tvlis, Tumca maTi mcire raodenobis miuxedavad, raionis identobis mimarT mainc safrTxed miiCneven.

saxelmwifo gansaxleba kaxeTis regionis lagodexis raionis sofel araSferanSi

2007 wlis bolos sofel araSferanSi 13 ojaxis, xolo 2009 wlis dekemberSi damatebiT 20 ojaxis Casaxleba moxda. eko-migrantebi aWaris regionis Suaxevis, xulosa da xelvaCauris raionebidan Camosaxldnen. stiqiuri ubedurebis Sedegad dazarelebulma ojaxebma raionul administracias gaugzavnes moTxovna daxmarebis miRebaze da sami dRis vadaSi rogorc gansaxlebis saministrom TbilisSi, aseve aWaris regionulma mTavrobam icoda aRniSnuli moTxovnis Sesaxeb. dazaralebul raionebs geologebi ewvivnen daskvnebis mosamzadeblad. adgilobrivi mosaxleoba kargad icnobda dazaralebulTa kategorizaciis sitemas, ris Sesabamisadac maT, visac 1 da me-2 kategoriis statusi (dangreuli saxli; dazianebuli saxli, romelic aRdgenas aRar eqvemdebareba) mieniWaT, gansaxlebas daeqvemdebarnen. adgilobrivma mosaxleobam Catarebuli Sefaseba samarTlianad miiCnia da gansaxlebis procesi 2 Tvis Tavze ganxorcielda.

saxelmwifom eko-migrantebis transportirebis uzrunvelsayofad satvirTo manqanebi gamoyo da TiToeulma ojaxma kompensaciis saxiT erTi tomara fqvili da 20 litri benzini miiRo. aWaris administraciam fuladi kompensaciis saxiT TiToeul dazaralebul ojaxs 1000 lari (420 evros) gadasca. eko-migrantebis CasaxlebisTvis gamiznuli saxlebis mdgomareoba damakmayofilebeli aRmoCnda, masSi wina macxovreblebis mier datovebuli avejis garda. migrantebs axali aveji ar miuRiaT. sofelSi Casaxlebul pirTa saxlebi adre adgilbriv os mosaxleobas ekuTvnoda. yvela saxli eleqtroenergiiT maragdeba. Casaxlebuli ojaxebi sasmel wyals individualuri an koleqtiuri Webidan Rebuloben. saxelmwifos mier gaziT momaragebis programa dawyebulia, Tumca


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moSorebiT mdebare sofeli araSferani am etapze aRniSnul gegmaSi ar Sedis. TiToeuli ojaxi naxevar heqtar miwis nakveTs amuSavebs sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis mosayvanad. soflis maxloblad arsebobs saZovrebi, rasac soflis mosaxleoba sakuTari saqonlisTvis saziarod iyebes. Tuki ar aris sakmarisi sakarmidamo nakveTi saxlTan axlos, maSin mosaxleebs miwa saxlisgan moSorebiT eZlevaT. zogierTi ojaxi sakmaoze met produqts awarmoebs, ris gayidvasac axerxebs.

aRniSnul sofelSi Casaxlebuli eko-migrantebi kmayofilebas gamoTqvaven maTi axali sacxovrebeli pirobebisa da saqarTvelos aRniSnul raionSi arsebuli noyieri miwebis gamo. 90-ian wlebSi bevrma osma mosaxlem datova sofeli, xolo dRevandeli mdgomareobiT aq macxovrebeli 552 komlidan erTi naxevari eTnikurad osebi, xolo meore naxevari eTnikurad qarTvelebi arian. es ori eTnikuri jgufi erTmaneTTan uproblemod urTierToben.

saxelmwifo gansaxleba kaxeTis regionis axmetis raionis sofel qoreTSi telefoniT dakavSirebisas sofel qoreTSi Casaxlebulma eko-migrantebma uari ganacxades maTTan interviuebis Catarebaze. maT aRniSnes, rom bolo drois vizitori mkvlevarebisTvis micemuli interviuebis Semdgom situacia eTnikur qist mosaxleobasTan ufro daiZaba da Zaladobrivi xasiaTi miiRo. eko-migrantebis ganmartebiT, sofelSi arsebulma zogad kriminalurma situaciam aiZula zogierTi axalmosaxle dabruneboda aWaris regions, sadac isini baTumTan axlos erT-erT sofelSi droebiT gamoyofil saxlSi cxovroben, romlebsac arc Semosavali da arc raime perspeqtiva ar gaaCniaT samomavlod.

VII. eko-migrantTa saxelmwifo gansaxlebis procesebis

Tanamdevi problemebis mimoxilva

wina TavebSi gansaxlebis TiToeuli SemTxvevis ganxilvam naTlad ganmarta, rom miuxedavad im progresisa, rac am sferoSi 2004 wlidan dRemde SeiniSneba, migraciis procesebSi mTavari naklovanebebis gamo eko-migrantebs kvlavac eqmnebaT Casaxlebis adgilze damkvidrebisa da integrirebis problemebi. saxelmwifo gansaxlebis mdored mimdinare procesebisa da dRes arsebuli moTxovnebis dakmayofilebisTvis saWiro resursebis araadekvaturobis garda, oficialuri werilobiTi damadasturebeli dokumentebisa da migraciis regulirebisaTvis sakontaqto piris ar arseboba - absolutur gaurkvevlobaSi amyofebs eko-migrantebs gansaxlebasTan erTad misaRebi kompensaciebisa da drois ganrigis ar codnis TvalsazrisiT. es yovelive ki, safuZvels uqmnis mosazrebebs gansaxlebis procesebSi korufciis arsebobisa da Casaxlebis dasrulebis Semdeg eko-migrantebis mimarT savaraudo safrTxeebis gaCenis Sesaxeb.

umetes SemTxvevebSi, eko-migrantebs Casaxlebis procesebis dros dapirebuli miwis nakveTebi kvlavac ar miuRiaT. maT miwis gareSe Tavis rCena uWirT, rac sagrZnoblad arTulebs axalmosaxleTa integracias axal sacxovrebel garemoSi. saxlebi, sadac eko-migrantebis Casaxleba xdeba, zogierT SemTxvevebSi, sacxovreblad uvargis mdgomareobaSia. xolo is ojaxebi, vinc met-naklebad karg pirobebSi aRmoCndnen, (Tundac avejisa da sxva inventaris gareSe) da miwis nakveTic gadaecaT, kmayofilebas gamoTqvaven miRebul daxmarebaze da warmatebulad iwyeben axal cxovrebas maTTvis ucxo garemoSi.13 municipaluri administraciebi xSirad did enTuziazms ar iCenen eko-migrantebis axal garemoSi integrirebis

13 interviuebi kaxeTis regionis lagodexis raionis areSferanis mosaxloebasTan, 2010 wlis dekemberi.


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xelSewyobis mimarT, ris gamoc izolorebul garemoSi amyofeben maT da amiT, praqtikulad, gamoricxaven axalmosaxleTa mxirdan problemebis wamoWris SesaZleblobasac ki. xandaxan zogierTi raionis mkvidr mosaxleobasTan urTierToba sakmaod rTuldeba da eko-migrantebi maTdami mtrul garemoSi xvdebian (qoreTis SemTxveva), xSirad maT ucxoebad miiCneven, rasac SemdgomSi maTi marginalizacia (sofel gorelovkis SemTxveva) mosdevs.

aRniSnul magaliTebze dayrdnobiT, SesaZlebeli xdeba saxelmwifo gansalxebis procesebTan dakavSirebuli Semdegi saxis struqturul naklovanebaTa gamoyofa:

eko-migrantebis sakiTxebis mimarT Tanmimdevruli saxelmwifo politikis ar qonam da resursebis simcirem aTasobiT adamiani datova sicocxlisaTvis saSiS da arastabilur mdgomareobaSi;

geologiuri daskvnebisa da eko-migraciisTvis saWiro resursebis winaswari prognozirebis ukmarisoba eko-migrantebis rogorc realur moTxovnebs, aseve maTi dakmayofilebis perspeqtivebsac bundovans xdis;

saxelmwifo gansaxlebiT uzrunvelyofil pirebTan werilobiTi da sxva komunikaciis uqonlobam ganapiroba is, rom maT araferi ician sakuTari uflebebis Sesaxeb, rac, Tavis mxriv, badebs eWvs maTTvis gamoyofili Tanxebis aramarTebulad gamoyenebaze gansaxlebis procesebis rogorc dawebisas, ise maTi dasrulebis Semdegac;14

gansaxlebis procesebis dros daxmarebebisa da kompensaciebis ganawilebaze kontrolis simcirem mravali eko-migranti rogorc miwis nakveTebis gareSe, aseve sacxovoreblad uvargisi saxlebis amara datova;

14 interviu aWaris regionis sofel qvemo Txilvanas eko-migrantebTan, 2010 wlis dekemberi

saministros eko-migraciis ganyofilebis saqmianobasa da gansaxlebis arealSi moqmedi adgilobrivi mTavrobis mier Casatarebel RonisZiebebs Soris araefeqturi koordinacia iwvevs pasuxismgeblobaTa ganawilebis meqanizmis moSlas, rasac mosdevs eko-migrantebis mier misaRebi daxmarebis Seferxeba da adgilobrivi mTavrobebis mier migrantebis moTxovnebis ugulebelyofa;

migrantebis gansaxlebisTvis Sesaferisi sxvadasxva adgilebis SerCevisa da dagegmvis naklebobam gamoiwvia is, rom maT materialurad mZime da arasaTanado garemoSi uwevT cxovreba;

adgilobriv mosaxleebs, eko-migrantebsa da sxvadasxva doneze arsebul oficialur warmomadgenlebs Soris dialogis meqanizmis ar qonam sakamrisi safuZveli Seuqmna am jgufebs Soris undoblobasa da dapirispirebas, ramac integraciis procesebi ufro rTuli gaxada;15

eko-migrantebis problemebis mimarT gulisxmieri damokidebulebis mqone sakontaqto piris ar arseboba (javaxeTis regionis garda) maT axladCasaxlebul raionebSi ukiduresad daucvel mdgomareobaSi amyofebs da yvela mimdinare problema Tu sirTule kvlavac gadauWreli rCeba.

VIII. rekomendaciebi politikis

SemuSavebisTvis

ekologiuri migraciis samuSao jgufis Seqmna

15 interviue gorelovkas eko-migrantebTan, samcxe-javaxeTis ninowmindis raioni, 2010 wlis dekemberi


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migraciis saxelmwifo komisiaSi

saqarTvelos iusticiis saministroSi 2010 wlis 10 dekembers migraciis saxelmwifo komisia,16 Seiqmna, rac yvela Sesabamisi saministrosa Tu oficialuri uwyebis warmomadgenels aerTianebs, rogoricaa saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa da garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministroebi. aRniSnuli uwyebis SdamfuZnebeli dokumentebi iTvaliswinebs mandats eko-migrantebisTvis specialuri samuSao jgufis Seqmnis Taobaze. samuSao jgufi swrafad unda Camoyalibdes, romlis SemadgenlobaSi Seva sxvadasxva oficialuri uwyebis warmomadgenlebi (saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa, iusticiis, bunebrivi resursebisa da garemos dacvis saministroebi da sxva Sesabamisi saxelmwifo uwyebebi). samuSao jgufis Camoyalibebis Semdeg, man unda SeZlos ekologiuri migrantebis uflebaTa dacvis kanonmdeblobis dagegmvasa da Sedgenaze meTvalyureobis gaweva, aseve eko-migrantebis gansaxlebisTvis saWiro moTxovnebze swrafi reagirebisTvis saWiro zomebis miReba da grZelvadiani strategiis Camoyalibebis procesis dagegmva. kerZod ki, eko-migracias 2011 wlis Semodgomaze dagegmili migraciis komisiis saerTaSoriso konferenciis dros gansaxilvel sakiTxTa Soris mTavari adgili unda daeTmos.

kanonmdebloba ekologiuri migrantebis uflebaTa dacvis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoni ekologiuri migrantebis Sesaxeb unda momzaddes da damtkicdes, ramac unda uzrunvelyos

16 http://justice.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=146&info_id=2918

eko-migrantebis uflebebis dacva imave principiT rogorc es iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa mimarTebaSi xorcieldeba. aRniSnuli kanonmdebloba unda gaxdes gansaxlebis strategiis mTavari fundamenti, rac SesaZloa sruliad axali kanonis, an iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa saqarTvelos kanonis damatebis saxiT Camoyalibdes17, raSic Seva ganmarteba, rom stiqiuri movlenebis Sedegad gadaadgileba aris is dasaSvebi kriteriumi, romlis Sesabamisadac xdeba iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa statusis miniWeba an imave principiT maTi dacva.

iusticiis saministrosTan uSualo TanamSromlobiT unda Camoyalibdes saparlamento samuSao jgufi, romelsac daevaleba eko-migrantebis kanon-proeqtis momzadeba, raSic im samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebis konsultaciebic iqneba gaTvaliswinebuli, romlebic amave sferoSi, kerZod ki, iuridul sakiTxebze muSaobaSi arian CarTulni.

gadaudebel sakiTxTa mogvareba

eko-migraciis samuSao jgufi, rogorc migraciis uwyebaTaSorisi samTavrobo komisia, unda Camoyalibdes da SeimuSaos ekologiur migraciasTan dkavSirebul gadaudebel sakiTxTa mogvarebis gemgma, arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan konsultaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT, kerZod, migraciis samoqalaqo sazogadoebis koaliciasTan erTad, visi wevrebic am etapze aqtiurad arian CarTulni gansaxlebis procesebisa da maTTan dakavSirebuli yvela aucilebel sakiTxTa SeswavlaSi. aRniSnuli koalicia 2011 wlis martSi daarsda im mizniT, rom momxdariyo yvela Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebis gaziareba da eko-migraciasTan dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis Sesabamis uwyebeTan ganxilva, aseve amave sakiTxebze

17 saqarTvelos kanoni iZulebiT adgilnacval pirTa Sesaxeb (qarTulad) http://mra.gov.ge/files/01-IDPs_kanoni_devnilTa_Sesaxeb.pdf


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momuSave sxvadasxva aqtorisa Tu donori organizaciis mier gasatarebel RonisZiebaTa koordinacia.

struqturulad gamarTuli daxmarebis programa beneficiar mosaxleTa kategoriebisa da CasaxlebisTvis Sesaferisi arealebis aRweriTa da daxmarebisTvis gamiznuli kompensaciebis finansuri informaciis TandarTviT unda gaegzavnos dainteresebul saerTaSoriso donor organizaciebs, rogorc saprogramo winadadeba gadaudebel RoniZiebaTa Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli programa unda ganxorcieldes migraciis samoqalaqo sazogadoebis koaliciasTan uSualo TanamSromlobis bazaze optimaluri Sedegebis miRebis uzrunvelsayofad. TanamSromlobis am modelma unda Seqmnas garkveuli gamocdileba, rac safuZvlad daedeba ekomigraciis problemebis gadaWrisTvis saWiro grZelvadiani strategiis Camoyalibebas.

eklogiuri migraciis strategiis SemuSaveba migraciis uwyebaTaSorisi komisiis bazaze Seqmnili eko-migraciis samuSao jgufi Tavs mouyris sxvadasxva uwyebis - saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa, finansTa, bunebrivi resursebisa da garemos dacvis, soflis meurneobisa da sxva Sesabamisi saministroebis maRalCinosnebs da samoqalaqo sazogadoebasTan regularulad gamarTuli konsultaciebis gziT, meTvalyureobas gauwevs ekologiuri migraciis grZelvadiani strategiis SemuSavebis procesebs.

samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebi, migraciis samoqalaqo sazogadoebis koaliciis, eko-migrantTa erTobisa da gansaxlebis arealebis mkvidri mosaxleobis warmomadgenlebis CaTvliT, CarTulni unda iyvnen strategiis Camoyalibebis procesSi. efeqturi politikis Camoyalibebis dros mniSvnelovani datvirTva formaluri konsultaciebis Catarebas eniWeba misi

SemuSavebis sxvadasxva etapze rogorc sawyis, aseve dasrulebis fazaSi.

garda amisa, centralurma mTavrobam erovnul da saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan TanamSromlobiT (UNHCR, migraciis saerTaSoriso organizaciis, evropis sabWos da saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebis CaTvliT) aseve sxvadasxva donor organizaciasTan muSaobiT, unda moipovos rogorc finansuri, aseve informaciuli mxardaWera eko-migraciis grZelvadiani strategiis SemuSavebisa da misi Tanmimdevruli ganxorcielebisaTvis. strategiis SemuSavebis dros mimdinare situaciisa da ekologiuri migrantebis moTxovnilebaTa Seswavla mniSvnelovan qvakuTxeds warmoadgens, metic, gansaxlebisTvis Sesaferisi potenciuri samizne arealis mkvidri mosaxleobis Seswavla da maTTan Casaxlebamde winaswari konsultaciebis Catarebaa aucilebeli. garemo pirobebi, ekonomikuri mdgomareoba, eTnikuri da demografiuli faqtorebi da kulturuli gansxvavebebi is mniSvnelovani sakiTxebia, ramac axalmosaxleTa warmatebuli adaptacia da integracia unda ganapirobos.

strategiaSi unda Sevides Semdegi tipis gansxvavebuli, Tumca urTierTdakavSirebuli elementebi:

samoqmedo gegma sagangebo mdgomareobisTvis centraluri da adgilobrivi TviTmarTvelobis organoebs esaWiroebaT gansakuTrebuli strategia ucabedi stiqituri movlenis pirobebSi samoqmedod. aucileblobas warmoadgens aseTi samoqmedo gegmis SemuSaveba, ramac unda ganapirobos swrafi reagireba stiqiiT dazaralebul pirTa pirveladi moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad. droebiTi TavSesafari droebiTi sacxovreblis saxiT, SesaZloa, aSendes dablob arealSi; unda Seiqmnas specialuri sarezervo fondi dazaralebulTa samedicino da humanitaruli daxmarebisaTvis.


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gansaxlebis daxmarebis programa daxmarebis programa yvelaze rTul periodSi ekologiur migrantebs unda daexmaros imisaTvis, rom garkveuli periodis Semdeg, maT daxmarebis gareSe ganagrZon arseboba. eko-migrantebis gansaxlebis momentisaTvis waxalisebis saxiT materialuri daxmareba unda daurigdeT, vinaidan axali cxovrebis dawyeba maTTvis ucnob garemoSi sakmaod rTul process warmoadgens, Tuki amas saxelmwifos mxridan xelSewyoba ar sdevs Tan. saqarTveloSi ekologiuri Tu Sida samxedro dapirispirebis Sedegad iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa gamocdileba metyvelebs imaze, rom Tundac 10, 15 an 20 wlis gasvlis Semdeg axal adgilebSi Casaxlebuli xalxi Znelad Tu gadis adaptacias iq sadac Tavidanve dasaxldnen da sadac dReme uwevT cxovreba. iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli mosaxleoba saqarTveloSi sazogadoebis kvlavac yvelaze Rarib segmentad rCeba.

integrirebis programa integrirebis programam socio-ekonomikuri, kulturuli da saganmanaTleblo integraciis yvela aspeqti unda moicvas. aRniSnulma programam aseve gansaxlebis arealebSi mcxovrebi mkvidri mosaxleobis maxasiaTeblebsac unda miaqcios yuradReba da gansaxlebisTvis Sesaferisi axali arealebis SerCevis dros sistematiuri Sefasebebisa da konsultaciebis Catarebis praqtika unda danergos.

1987 wlidan Casaxlebuli eko-migrantebisTvis xelSewyobis programa aRniSnuli programa mimarTuli unda iyos im eko-migrantebis daxmarebaze, visac kvlav rogorc sacxovrebeli saxlebis, aseve miwis nakveTebis

sakuTrebaSi gaformebisa da sxva saxis mimdinare problemebi aqvT.

IX. daskvna

saqarTveloSi ekomigracia sakmaod mtkivneul sakiTxTa kategorias ganekuTvneba, vinaidan daaxloebiT 11 aTasi ojaxi saswrafod saWiroebs sacxovrebeli pirobebiT dakmayofilebas da ufro mets sacxovrebeli saxl-karis dazianebis gamo gausaZlis pirobebSi uxdeba yofna an momavalSi stiqiuri ubedurebis molodinSi mudmivi SiSis qveS uwevs cxovreba. qveynis mTavrobam meti yuradReba unda dauTmos ekologiur migracias da eko-migrantebis gansaxlebis struqturuli programebis Camosayalibeblad rogorc saerTaSoriso aqtorebTan, aseve samoqalqo sazogadoebis organizaciebTan iTanamSromlos.

saxelmwifos mier eko-migrantebis uflebaTa dacvisTvis saWiro mkafio iuridiuli bazis Seqmna mdgradi ekomigraciis politikisTvis saWiro mniSvnelovan safuZvels warmoadgens. ekomigraciisa da gansaxlebis mimarT ufro sistemuri da gamWvirvale midgomis Camoyalibeba, risi ganxorcielebac rogorc centraluri mTavrobis, aseve municipaluri administraciis doneze Tanmimdevvrulad SeiZleba, erTi mxriv, saSualebas miscems mTavrobas, Tavidan aicilos socialuri krizisi da grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi Seamciros finansuri xarjebi, xolo, meore mxriv, xeli Seuwyos integraciisa da ganviTarebis procesebis warmarTvas qveynis masStabiT. mTavrobam rogorc saerTaSoriso aqtorebTan, aseve samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebTan TanamSormlobiT unda SeimuSaos da praqtikaSi ganaxorcielos rogorc moklevadiani programa gadaudebeli RonisZiebebis Casatareblad, aseve grZelvadiani strategia ekologiuri migraciis Sesaxeb. zemoxsenebuli zomebis gatareba momavalSi Seamcirebs eko-migrantTa saWiroebebs da gazrdis mTavrobis protencials, daicvas stabiluroba da usafrTxoeba qveynis masStabiT.


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Semdgomi informaciisTvis ixileT: EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MINORITY ISSUES (ECMI) Schiffbruecke 12 (Kompagnietor) D-24939 Flensburg +49-(0)461-14 14 9-0 * fax +49-(0)461-14 14 9-19 * E-Mail: [email protected] * Internet: http://www.ecmi.de

http://www.ecmi.de/

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