fffU %. & e . R̂ecord V O L . 6. L A N S I N G , M I C H I G A N , T U E S D A Y , F E B . 5, 1901. No . 20.

System of Fags in English Schools

(Essay read in M. A. C. Debating Club January 28, 1901, in connection with the

question: "Resolved, that hazing in colleges should be abolished,"

which was subsequently debated).

Fags and tagging are something that we in American schools know very little about. Here the men of one class are just as good, and have just as many rights, as the men of any other class. T o be sure, men of the upper classes have the prefer­ence in most instances; but there are no set rules and customs which make the men of the lower classes sub­ordinate to the upper classes. In England, however, in nearly all the public schools there is a regularly organized system of fags and iag-

Dr. Arnold, a prominent English educator, defines fagging as: " T h e power, given by the supreme au­thorities of the school to the sixth form, to be exercised by them over the lower boys, for the sake of securing a regular government among the boys themselves and avoiding the evils of anarchy; in other words, of the lawless tyranny of brute force." Fagging , then, differs from hazing in that it is legitimate and is upheld by the highest authority of the school. From Dr. Arnold's definition we see that fagging is a necessary part of their system of school govern­ment.

T h e fags are those belonging to the four lower classes. Only those belonging to the sixth form, or in other words the seniors, can have any fags. . These are really the governing power of the student body; although they are directly responsible to the faculty. Mem­bers of the fifth form can neither fag or be fagged. Every fag has two distinct classes of duties, those to ** . his especial master to whom he is assigned and those to the whole upper class. Those of the former class are far the more numerous. They consist of running on errands, sweeping out and dusting his mast­er's room, bringing- up his breakfast, blacking his boots, and such other little duties as may be imposed upon him by his master. T h e general rule is that a fag shall do nothing for his master that he does not do for himself. The duties to the whole class consist only in attending the games, where they must act as errand boys and take the place of nets in such games as cricket and tennis.

The master in turn has duties which he owes to his fags. H e must protect them from abuse, and when in trouble the fags come to him for advice and very often settle­ment. In cases where there is a question about its being just to have a fag do certain duties, it is always settled by the head-boy of the house. Small cases of misbehavior are also settled by him.

Much might be said both for and against the system of fags. One of the principal arguments in favor of it is the old stock argument used in favor of hazing; that it takes the conceit out of the Freshman and re­lieves him from the embarrassment of having the " big-head." This is

certainly t rue; but, from all the in­formation I could obtain, it would seem that when he reaches the sixth form our "Big-headed F reshman" is afflicted with that malady even worse than he was before.

Such is the system of fags as it exists in England today as near as I can get at it. When and where it originated we do not know. " Fag­ging was in practice as far back as we have any authentic records and seems always to have existed in the older schools. It probably arose as soon as the school had any large number of boarders."

A s naturally would be expected it often happens that f-ags are re­quired to do strange and, to us at least, quite amusing tasks. One senior who was not very studious and who had somewhat of a business turn of mind set up. a beer keg in his room and appointed one of his fags to draw off the liquor and take in the money. Another senior of high church principles made his fags, two very nice, well conditioned young fellows, get up early and come to his room every morning before school for prayers.

In the early days of Yale and Harvard we find that a system of fagging was in vogue. In a manu­script of Harvard dated September, 1741, and entitled, " T h e Customs of Harvard College, which if the freshmen don't observe and obey, they shall be severely punished if they have heard them read," we find the following iu!es.

These are not all but only a few specimens to give you some idea of what the}7 are like.

1. N o freshman shall wear his hat in the college yard, except when it rains, hails, or snows, he be on horseback or hath both hands full.

2. Freshmen are t© consider all the other classes as their seniors.

3. N o freshman shall pass a senior without pulling off his hat.

4. All freshmen shall be obliged to go on any errands for any of his seniors at any time except in study hours or after 9 o'clock in the even­ing.

5. Freshmen are to furnish the rest of the scholars with bats, balls, and foot-balls.

6. When anybody knocks at a freshman's door he shall not ask who is there but immediately open the dpor.

7. When a freshman knocks at a senior's door he shall tell his name immediately. .

8. N o freshman shall call his class­mate by the name of freshman. These rules although from an Amer­ican institution were probably largely copied from the English institutions.

In America the spirit of personal freedom and the feeling so often ex­pressed as " E v e r y man's his own Boss" is so strong that fagging has no place in our educational institu­tions.

D. S. B U L L O C K .

Both Prof. C. D. Smith and Prof. Towar have been attending one day institutes during the past week; the former in Livingston county and the latter in Washtenaw county. Mr. Dean has been addressing insti­tutes in Antr im, Kalkaska and Grand Traverse counties.

Physical Department.

This department has received the shipments of goods, recently ordered, for use in the work in general and domestic physics and electric en­gineering. Among the apparatus for general use may be mentioned an improved form of Jolly balance, and a Hydrostatic balance, with weights, for the rapid and accurate determination of densities. The major portion of the consignment, however, consisted of a large num­ber of smaller pieces of apparatus, such as are necessary for the rapid and economical work in the labora­tory of a large number of students at once, e.g., meter and yard scales; inclined plane apparatus; vernier and micrometer calipers, etc.

For the tests upon the relative cost and efficiency of various fuels, . which are being made by the class in Domestic physics, there have been added to the equipment already on hand an electric stove, with three degrees of heat at the operator's dis­posal ; and stoves burning kerosene and gasoline. Beside these recent additions there were purchased, last spring, apparatus for freezing and boiling point determinations; for measuring the expansion of various metals when heated; and for deter­mining the heat necessary to melt ice and vaporize water—so-called latent heat determinations.

The work in electricity has been strengthened by the addition, among others, of the following apparatus. A complete outfit of the ordinary forms of primary batteries, such as are used in operating telephones: electro plating, bell circuits, gas engine firing, etc. With these, com­plete tests can be made as to the special fitness of each type for the work in hand. An electro-dynamo­meter, for measuring direct and alternating currents, has been added to the already fair equipment of electrical measuring instruments.

For the more special use of elec­trical engineering students has been purchased a fine universal Bridge, by means of which investigations can be carried on upon the relative conductivity of various metals — e. g. copper and iron — and the effect of change in temperature upon con­ductivity can be determined. The purchase of two Rowland D'Arson-val galvanometers has largely in­creased the scope of the work of at the students disposal. These instruments are of the type now so largely used in the testing rooms of large manufactories, and in technical laboratories. They should prove of great value in familiarizing the students with the apparatus and methods now used in the testing of materials and machinery to be em­ployed in electrical construction and power transmission.

Of especial interest to others, as well as engineering students, should be the next improvement in our list.

The fine Lummer-Brodhun Photo­meter and standard Hefner-Alte-neck lamp, purchased by Professor F . S. Kedzie, in Berlin, some years ago, for this department, have been mounted, and one of the dark rooms equipped for photo-metric work. Thus complete tests can now be made, with the best modern ap­

paratus, of incandescent, and other lamps, by students taking advanced work in this department and inter­ested in the subject.

At the request of Prof. Kedzie, the special students in sugar beet chemistry are being accommodated for four hours per week in the physical laboratory, working prob­lems in general physics. This ac­cession 10 our already crowded ranks necessitates the use of every available inch of space. The boiler has been removed; and all possible stock stored elsewhere that the stu­dents may have room.

Chicago M. A . C. Association At­tention !

Hear Y e ! Hear Ye ! ! The Sixth Annual Reunion of the C. M. A . C. will be held at the Union Hotel, 111 to 117 E . R a n d o l p h St., Chicago, Feb . 16, 1901, at 7 p. m.

Don't side-step this 20th Century opportunity; radically informal, no goose eggs on the menu—may be a Wells Hall duck; and you will not need a pony to assist you at the start, won't vouch for the fin­ish—well "you may stop t he r e " un­less " a sophomore gives you a new idea." Bring your appetite, renew your fellowship, and meet Professor Holds worth at $1.50 per plate.

Kindly state on attached card whether or not you will be alive that night. W e know you can't miss it if alive.

ROBT. W . MCCULLOCH, President.

T n o s . F . M C G R A T H , Vice President.

F R A N Z B A U E R L E , Secretary.

T h e R E C O R D is authorized to state that this invitation is general. Any man ever connected with M. A. C. will be more than welcome. T h e R E C O R D hopes to be repre­sented.

T h e Stereopticon Lecture.

Leon J . Cole (with '98) , who is now an instructor in the zoological department at the University, will deliver an illustrated lecture on the Harriman Expedition to Alaska, of which he was a member, next Fri­day evening in the chapel.

The Harriman Expedition visited Alaska in the summer of 1899. It consisted of Mr . E . H. Harriman, a Union Pacific Railroad magnate, his family and a party of the most noted scientists in the country. They traveled on a special train and pri­vate yacht. They made many dis­coveries of glaciers, birds, insects, flora, etc. Mr . Cole obtained many fine views of mountains, glaciers, streams, and the principal villages of the coast, including Wrangie, Juneau, Sitka, and Unalaska. His pictures of the natives are wonderfully strik­ing.

Ex-Governor Luce made a pleas­ant call at the College recently. His presence was taken advantage of, and he was requested to give the special course men in Live Stock Husbandry a talk on steer feeding, which was a treat for those fortunate enough to hear him.

T H E M. A. C. R E C O R D . F E B 5, 1901.

THE M. A. C. RECORD. PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY T H E

HIGfllGAN AGRICULTURAL GOLLEGE. EDITED BY THE FACULTY,

ASSISTED BY THE STUDENTS.

SUBSCRIPTIONS SHOULD BE SENT TO T H E SEC­RETARY, AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, MICH.

SUBSCRIPTION, - - 50 CUNTS PEE TEAK.

Send money by P. 0. Money Order, Draft, or Registered Letter. Do not send stamps.

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• Entered as second-class matter at Lansing, Mich.

For various reasons THE M, A. C. RECORD is occasionally sent to those who have not sub­scribed for the paper. Such persons need have no hesitation about taking the paper from the postomce, for no charge will be made for it. The only way, however, to secure THE RECORD regularly is to subscribe.

General Teachers' Meeting.

( Concluded from last week.)

Professor Babcock spoke in part as follows:—

" It is my intention to review briefly the purposes which algebra and calculus should serve in our courses and to examine hastily the means employed for attaining the ends sought.

W h y should algebra be offered as a part of the courses in this College?

1—It belongs to God's great realm of truth. On this point I quote from Prof. W. H . Hudson. " The real reason for learning as well as for teaching algebra is that it is a part of Truth , the Knowledge of which is its reward."

2—Like other studies in the cor-riculum it can be so presented and studied as to stimulate the reasoning powers. For generations the study of mathematics has been held up as the science with which to develop the power of close and consecutive reasoning. But alas! Algebra and the other branches of mathematics may be so taught and learned as to tend to defeat this object.

3—In two of our courses, the Mechanical and Agricultural, the algebra is used largely in the de­velopment of the other mathemati­cal subjects in their applications. T o a student in one of these courses it must be a tool, ever ready at his hand, if he is to make substantial progress in his tiigonometry, his surveying, his analytic geometry, his calculus, mechanics, and in all their varied applications to engineer­ing problems.

MEANS EMPLOYED FOR ATTAIN­ING THESE OBJECTS.

The Mechanical Courses.

T h e time devoted to algebra in the five-year mechanical course is four terms; in the four-year course, two terms. The students in the latter, however, are required to pass off an equivalent of two terms' work upon entering; so by this arrange­ment, the mechanical student de­votes about twenty-six weeks to that part of algebra which follows quadratic equations.

In the class room much stress is laid upon the logical development of the subject. Each principle is carefully demonstrated and care is taken that the student shall repro­duce the same before the class and upon paper. Many fail because they either can not, or will not, look upon the algebra as a science every step of which depends upon funda­mental axioms or previously demon­strated truths, or both. They com­mit, they do not think. The algebra

to them is a "bundle of processes" founded upon the eminent authority of t!ie text and of the instructor. What , for example is the basis of the so-called Distribution Law of M u l t i p l i c a t i o n ? Tha t is that a(b-)-c) = ab -J- ac? Is it because the fact is printed in italics under the title of Rule? or is there a reason capable of being understood by the student? and what admit of proof. Our experience teaches us that stu dents who have had some work in elementary algebra, are more apt to know how than why.

Of course, if the student is to use his algebra as a tool, he must attain skill and accuracy in the application of its principles, and to this end he is required to solve problems outside the class-room and in, with as much individual attention on the part of the instructor as the number in the section will admit. Problems are assigned, the solutions of which are to be handed in. The written test, though it makes much labor for the instructor, we consider a valuable aid in the teaching of algebra, and, accordingly, it is resorted to, usually at the close of the chapters or other subdivisions of the subject.

The Agricultural Course.

Here the course in algebra need not be so extensive, nor possibly so intensive, since the student does not putsue mathematical studies beyond the trigonometry and the surveying. Nevertheless, these subjects do re­quire that certain work in the alge­bra shall be taken, and herein lies a difficulty.

A large proportion of the students in the agricultural course enter the College with practically no training in Algebra. The catalogue state­ment that "a knowledge of element­ary algebra is desirable" does lead a few to "study up" on that subject, but the number who do so is small and the class must begin at the be­ginning. The subsequent process of jerking the student over a large range of algebra in two terms leaves much to be desired. As might be inferred, little time can be devoted to fixing the principle or to that drill which is so essential if the stu­dent is to acquire independence of thought and power of analysis in the subject. If we are to continue tak­ing students into this course as poorly prepared as those who are coming now, it is only justice to the degree we grant, that the time de­voted to the algebra be three terms instead of two.

The Women's Course.

If the women were kept in sec­tions by themselves, the question would be simplified somewhat in their case; for, since their course in mathematics ends with geometry, we might, under the conditions mentioned, cover a part of the sub­ject of algebra, but cover it thor­oughly; but, as they take their algebra with the agricultural , their work is of the same hasty and in­complete character.

Calculus.

T h e objects to be gained by a study of the calculus are, of course, the same as in the case of the algebra, except that as the calculus has a wide application to engineer­ing problems, the course should be so given as to emphasize its prac­tical use.

W e base the differential calculus upon the method of rates, believing that the logic of the subject is more

readily grasped when so presented than when limits are employed for this purpose. However, since in a large share of the applications of the calculus we must use infinitesi­mals and limits, it becomes neces­sary to connect the three great methods of the calculus. This is done in the usual way. Among other matters, considerable attention is given to partial and total differen­tials and derivations, since the stu­dent will meet these concepts for a more intimate acquaintance later on.

Integration is first presented as an operation, the reverse of differen­tiation; or what comes to the same thing, given a differential find the function that was differentiated. Integration at the limit of a summa­tion is reserved till near the close of the term's work, and as many ap­plications of this principle are given as the time will permit.

Now, several questions have pre­sented themselves to us. Are we making the calculus, especially the Integral Calculus, as practical as we should? Do our students acquire the greatest amount of skill in its use consistent with their previous preparation and with the time de­voted to the subject ? Or, to be more specific, ought we to devote less time to the development of the analysis and more to its applications? The presentation of the mere process of integration might be cut down to a few lessons, depending for the most part, upon tables of integrals, just as we go to tables for our loga­rithms. But the process of inte­grating functions aids greatl}' to a proper understanding of the differ­ential,as well as the integral calculus. H o w much of the purely educational training may be properly "swapped" for the practical? These are ques­tions that we have not, as yet, answered to our satisfaction."

After the reading of the papers, there was considerable discussion among other things of the exact sig­nificance of the mathematics in a scheme of study. T h e opinion was advanced that the training imparted was one rather of the analytical powers than of the judgment. The very assumptions of mathematics remove its reasoning processes into an ideal world where uncertainty is eliminated. Hence fine mathemati­cians are not always practical men of affairs. This view was combatted so far as what is known as " applied mathematics " is concerned. It was generally admitted that mathematics pre a fine drill in the forms of deduc­tive reasoning, and that nowhere could the necessity for grasping a thought firmly and attacking it methodically be more satisfactorily emphasized. Considerable discus­sion developed on the training of the image forming faculty in geom­etry, plane and solid, and in descrip­tive geometry.

H . E D W A R D S .

College Prohibition Clubs.

The Intercollegiate Prohibition Association is a national organization of students for the advancement of the cause of prohibition. It is its purpose to secure a broad and thorough study of the principles of prohibition as applied to the liquor traffic, to increase the number of students who recognize the force and practicability of prohibition and to train college men for actual field and campaign work. These general purposes are accomplished mainly by the following methods:

First, a systematic course of read­

ing. This course is arranged from the educational standpoint to give to a student the knowledge which he ought to have in order to judge rightly the meaning of prohibition and the purpose of the prohibition party. It is asked, and reasonably so, that every student who believes in the question be willing to read one book upon this subject each term.

Second, meetings of the club for free and thorough debate on any phase of the temperance question.

Third, local, state and national oratorical contests. At these con­tests prizes are offered sufficient in themselves to be some inducement to enter the contest. All orations are written upon some phase of the prohibition question and aim to bring it before the public in this way.

Fourth, distribution of literature among students and members of the club.

Fifth, training of speakers and organizers by actual participation in campaign work during vacations and by the formation of teams which go out during the school term and hold meetings in nearby towns.

The association has grown very rapidly within the past year and at present is one of the largest student organizations in the country. It keeps two national organizers in the field constantly and has a traveling secre­tary who attends to office work, visits old clubs and assists in organiz­ing new ones. There are clubs in twenty-one different states and at present, fifteen state organizations. Some of these include the colleges of two or three states where the state itself is quite small. Among the large institutions which have clubs are Yale, Harvard, Princeton, Cornell and University of Michigan. The most enthusiastic clubs are found in the smaller denominational colleges, but the association is such that it adapts itself- irrespectively to either large university, college or normal school.

Natural History Society.

The Natural History Society last Wednesday evening gave up the entire hour to the sugar beet.

The first article was a paper on the history of the sugar beet in­dustry written by C. W. Kaylor. It took up the industry from its be­ginning in 1595,and traced i t through the different stages of growth to the present time. It gave one a good idea of the extent of the industry and the great progress which has been made by improving the quality of the beet and methods of obtaining the sugar.

Mr. Shaw then gave a paper on the "Insect enemies of the beet" putting especial emphasis on those found in Michigan. The principal insect enemies are Flea-beetles, Blister-beetles, Garden Web-worm, and the Grasshoppers. The rem­edies suggested for controlling these pests were, spraying, systematic rotation of crops, thorough cultiva­tion, encouraging birds to nest about the fields, and careful removal of rubbish.

Prof. Wheeler told of the fun­gous diseases of the beet. There are four of these diseases reported in America that are at all serious. T h e leaf spot disease is far the most common. It kills the leaves first and sometimes, though rarely, the whole plant. But scab, which is the same disease as the potato scab,

F E B . 5, 1901. T H E M. A. C R E C O R D . 3

is next in importance and in some localities does considerable damage. Root rot and cancer are the two other diseases. They are not as yet common in Michigan. T h e remedies suggested for these dis­eases were spraying, rotation of crops, and careful destruction of rubbish.

Mr. A. J . Cook gave a shorl talk on " The course of the beet after it reaches the factory," which was very interesting.

Prof. U. P . Hedrick will talk at the next meeting, Feb . 13, on " T h e geological formation of the Great Salt Lake region." D. S. B.

Botany Club.

Professor Wheeler gave the pro­gram at the Botany club last Tues­day evening. He talked on the flora of the Upper Peninsula in the vicinity of the Experiment Station, which is located at Chatham in Al­ger Co., eight miles south of Lake Superior. He first described the geological formation of the country and showed the effect this had on the vegetation.

The station is on the calciferous sandstone formation. T h e soil is very shallow, so shallow, that in some places it is necessary to blast holes for fence posts. The soil is very productive and crops on the station showed a remarkable growth. The hardy varieties of apples can be grown there with good success. Three-fourths of all the trees on the station grounds are maple. There are also found in some abundance, elm, basswood, white spruce and cedar. He said, " T h e country as a whole, is admirably adapted for farming and is destined to become, in a short time, thickly settled, and as valuable as most farming country in Michigan." D. S. B.

A Horticultural Lecture.

Mr. Charles Greening, of the firm of Greening Bros., Monroe, Mich., gave the regular and short course students in horticulture a talk on nursery work last Wednesday after­noon. The lecture consisted of a discussion of seeds, seedlings, graft­ing, budding, soils, care and prepara­tion of the stock for market. An abundance of nursery material was used in illustrating the lecture. The lecture coming from a member of one of the largest retail firms in the country, was most valuable and sug­gestive. Mr. Greening was kind enough to repeat the lecture to the short course students in dairying, talking in all from 1 until after

3 P- m -

Gathered About Campus.

Representative B. A. Nevins and Oscar E . Angstman, the Detroit lawyer, both of the class of '75, vis­ited the campus last week.

Many members of the legislature are availing themselves of the opportunity to visit the College, and all express themselves as greatly pleased with the work being done.

The Farm Home for January, 1901, contains a cut and a highly appreciative sketch of P . G. Holden, '89, who is now superintendent of the agricultural department, Illinois Sugar Refining Co., Pekin, 111.

Miss Elizabeth Wilson, city sec­retary of the American Committee of the Young Women 's Christian Association, gave an address Tues­

day evening: last in the parlor of the Women's Building, and also con­ducted the chapel exercises Wednes­day morning.

N O T I C E . — T h e King's Daughters Circle will meet at Mrs . Gunson's, Feb . 6. Mrs. Krentel, leader. Word —Thankfulness. Lesson, Luke 17— 11-19. This is pound week. Mrs. Newell , leader.

The mechanical department has had a recent addition to its equip­ment in a new shaper which was built in the shops of the department. It has several new features not generally found in machines of this type. Its principal advantage is its capacity to hold castings of consider­able size. Advantage is being taken of this feature in machining some of the larger castings for an engine lathe now in process of con­struction in the shops.

Eugene Davenport, '78, dean of the College of Agriculture, Univer­sity of Illinois, is quoted in the Jan­uary issue of the Farm Home to the following effect: " T h e position of the University of Illinois regard­ing this [beet raising] industry must not be misunderstood. It does not appear as a special advocate of this business in preference to other branches of agriculture, nor does it maintain that its profits are necessa­rily phenomenal. But its position is that sugar has become a standard article of consumption in large quantities and that this is a sufficient reason why sugar production will take its place in American agricul­ture and become an established in­dustry wherever land and other natural conditions are suited to its production and where proper busi­ness methods are maintained. Illi­nois is adapted to sugar production. Whether it shall engage in the pro­duction depends upon the people. Whether an individual shall produce sugar is a question for his own de-

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O l d S t u d e n t s .

G . Masse l i nk , ' 9 5 , of t he F e r r i s I n s t i t u t e , B i g R a b i d s , Mich . , wr i t e s des i r ing to d e b a t e w i t h us. " W e ' r e o w r e y o u n g to m a r r y y e t , " G e r r e t t . W a i t a bit .

W . C . B a g l e y , ' 9 5 , has r e s igned his posit ion as assistant in P s y c h o l o g y at C o r n e l l Un ive r s i t y to accept a p r inc ipa l sh ip in t he S t . L o u i s ( M o . ) pub l i c school s y s t e m . H i s address is M e r a m e c S c h o o l , cor . M e r a m e c s t ree t and I o w a a v e n u e , S t . L o u i s , Missour i .

A le t ter f rom C . C . G e o r g e s o n , ' 78 , da ted J a n . 16, a t S i t k a , A l a s k a , w h e r e M r . G e o r g e s o n is a special a g e n t in c h a r g e of A l a s k a agr icu l ­tu ra l e x p e r i m e n t a l inves t iga t ions , con ta ins m u c h of in teres t to our r e a d e r s .

" M y eldest d a u g h t e r , " says he , " is n o w 18 yea r s old, t he nex t is 15, and the last, a boy , near ly 13. T h e chief d r a w b a c k to this ou t -o f - the w a y place is a lack of school facil­it ies. W e t ry to m a k e u p for it by h o m e s tudy , bu t it is no t a l t o g e t h e r sa t is factory. M y eldest d a u g h t e r en t e r ed W a s h i n g t o n U n i v e r s i t y at S e a t t l e last y e a r , bu t had to w i t h ­d r a w on account of ser ious i l lness.

Y o u can h a v e no idea of t h e m a g ­nificent resources of A l a s k a unt i l y o u p a y us a visit. G o l d , c o p p e r , coal , oil, t imbe r , f isheries, and furs a re h e r e , mos t of t h e m in i m m e a s ­u rab le q u a n t i t y , and all a w a i t i n g de­v e l o p m e n t . A l a s k a wi l l be t h e t r ea su re -house of t h e U n i t e d S ta t e s . " K i n g S o l o m o n ' s m i n e s " wil l be n o t h i n g in compar i son . T h e m o r e w e learn abou t t h e c o u n t r y , t he r icher it s eems to be . A n d t h e agr icu l tu ra l capabil i t ies of t he ter r i ­to ry are equa l to mee t t he d e m a n d of those w h o wil l be e n g a g e d in t he d e v e l o p m e n t of these resources , and m o r e . T h e idea has b e c o m e cu r r en t a m o n g our peop le tha t A l a s k a is * * * [ m e r e l y ] a g i g a n ­tic i ce -house—a g r i e v o u s m i s t a k e ! I e s t ima te tha t t h e r e a re not less t h a n _oo,ooo squa re mi les wh ich can be pu t to ag r i cu l tu ra l uses. F a r m i n g and g a r d e n i n g h a v e been successful w h e r e v e r t r ied. L a s t season I raised as fine s p r i n g w h e a t a t th is stat ion as I have ever seen. W e h a v e m a t u r e d ba r l ey , oats , w h e a t , r y e , flax, and b u c k w h e a t at our sta­t ions . W h y not ? F i n l a n d , l y i n g in t he same la t i tude , and on ly one-four th t he area of A l a s k a , suppo r t s a popula t ion of 2 ,500,000 souls . C o n g r e s s is no t a w a r e of t h e possi­bilities of this vast t e r r i to ry , o the r ­wise this augus t and pat r io t ic body would g ive m o r e than $ 1 2 , 0 0 0 a y e a r for t he " e s t a b l i s h m e n t and m a i n t e n a n c e " of some half dozen e x p e r i m e n t s ta t ions, h u n d r e d s , and some of t h e m t h o u s a n d s of miles apa r t , w h i l e at t he same t ime $25 ,000 is annua l ly app ropr i a t ed for t h e in­t roduct ion of re indeer in A l a s k a .

R e m e m b e r m e k ind ly to f o r m e r co l lege mates w h o m you m a y c h a n c e to m e e t . "

[ F r i e n d G e o r g e s o n should t a k e t h e R E C O R D and k e e p u p w i t h his old col lege ma te s by h e a r i n g f rom t h e m and l e t t ing t hem hea r f rom h im t h r o u g h its c o l u m n s . W h y do no t all our co l lege m e n all over th is l i t t le w o r l d w r i t e us n o w and t h e n such in t e re s t ing t h i n g s abou t t h e m ­se lves ? E d . ]

B a s k e t B a l l .

T h e g i r l ' s ba ske t ball t e a m of Y p s i l a n t i , a c c o m p a n i e d by M r s . B u r t o n , the i r ins t ruc to r , and M r .

M u r r a y , the i r coach , a r r ived he r e F r i d a y e v e n i n g . T h e m a n a g e r of t he lec ture course sen t over compl i ­m e n t a r y t ickets for t h e p a r t y , an act ion w h i c h was apprec ia t ed no t on ly by t h e vis i tors bu t b y our g i r l s w h o w e r e e n t e r t a i n i n g t h e m . Sa t ­u rday fo renoon the g i r l s visi ted t he var ious poin ts of in teres t in t h e dor­mi to ry and on the c a m p u s a n d re ­t u r n e d h o m e S a t u r d a y a f te rnoon after t h e g a m e .

T h e g a m e he re w a s w o n b y t h e N o r m a l i s t s by a score of 26 to o. T h e C o l l e g e peop le should u n d e r ­s tand t h a t at Yps i l an t i phys ica l t r a in ing is a d e p a r t m e n t by itself and severa l of t h e g i r l s on t h e t e am w e r e specialists in t h e w o r k . B .

F i r s t T e a m v . S u b - F a c u l t y .

C o m i n g i m m e d i a t e l y af ter t h e e m i n e n t l y dignified g a m e w h i c h p receded it, th is cer ta in ly w a s a g a m e w i t h p l en ty of g o to k e e p spec ta to rs fully a w a k e . T h e line­u p w a s as f o l l o w s :

FIRST TEAM. POSITIONS. SUB-FACULTY. Balbach Center Bemies Johnson Right Forward Reed Blanchard Left Forward Locke

(Capt.) Cooper Right Guard Parrott

(Capt.) Haftenkamp Left Guard Reynolds

T h e g a m e f rom t h e first w a s qu i t e fast, bu t b o t h t e a m s seemed to p lace more i m p o r t a n c e on main ta in ­i n g a s t r o n g defense t h a n in p u t t i n g u p m u c h agg re s s ive w o r k . T h e F i r s t T e a m did some v e r y p re t t y team w o r k ; this fea ture was l a c k i n g w i t h t he S u b - F a c u l t y since t h e y h a v e not had the t ime or o p p o r t u n i t y to w o r k u p combina t ions . T h e goa ls w e r e as f o l l o w s : F i r s t T e a m , from field, C o o p e r 2, B l a n c h a r d 1 ; f rom fouls, B a l b a c h 2. F o r S u b - F a c u l t y , f rom field, R e e d 1, R e y n o l d s 1. T h i s left t he score 8 — 3 in favor of F i r s t T e a m .

W h e r e so m u c h rea l ly br i l l iant w o r k w a s d o n e it m a y be unfa i r t o select a n y for m e n t i o n in despa t ches , bu t M e s s r s . P a r r o t t and J o h n s o n did t h e s t a r r i n g for the i r r e spec t ive t e a m s . O n both sides it was a lmost ev iden t at t imes t h a t s o m e of t h e m e n had at least seen R u g b y p l ayed . A t t imes M e s s r s . R e y n o l d s and P a r r o t t exh ib i t ed a ve ry s t r o n g de­sire for hugging the bal l . T h e sub-facul ty m e n a r e no t a bi t dis­c o u r a g e d , for t h e v bel ieve t h a t if t hey had p l a y e d a little better and the o the r m e n not quite so -well t hey w o u l d h a v e w o n t h e g a m e .

A f t e r t he g a m e y o u r r epo r t e r in­t e r v i e w e d C a p t . P a r r o t t as to his impress ions of the g a m e . " D o n ' t ask m e , " he said, " I had no t ime to see a n y t h i n g of i t . " j . j . F .

T h e E n t e r t a i n m e n t i n t h e L e c t u r e -C o u r s e o n F r i d a y .

A good aud ience assembled to hea r M r . C h a p i n on the " R e i g n of t h e R a i l - S p l i t t e r . " T h e en ter ta in­m e n t consisted of an impe r sona t ion of A b r a h a m L i n c o l n from the t ime of his first election to t h e eve of his d e a t h .

M r , C h a p i n ' s " m a k e - u p " was on the w h o l e good , and t h e a r r a n g e ­m e n t of quo ta t ion and s p e e c h - m a k ­i n g was such as to b r i n g Out t he self-d e p e n d e n c e and keen pene t r a t ion of this so u n i q u e cha rac t e r in our his­to ry . I n g e n e r a l , h o w e v e r , it m a y be observed tha t mos t of our peop le feel too m u c h r eve rence and even venera t ion for L i n c o l n ' s cha rac t e r to find p leasure in a " counter fe i t p r e ­s e n t m e n t " of it. H. E.

We Welcome THE STUDENTS' RETURN AT THE M. A. C.

I t g ive s n e w life to t he C a p i t a l C i t y . W e cordia l ly invi te all to m a k e

the i r h o m e at o u r s to re . M r . H o m e r B u r t o n and M r . A r t h u r H a r t w i l l

m a k e dai ly t r ip s to e v e r y o n e w h o des i res to see t h e m on t h e M . A . C .

g r o u n d s o r in t h e v ic in i ty . If you a r e no t called u p o n d r o p us a p o s t a l

a n d w e wil l call. S a m p l e s sen t on appl ica t ion .

We Guarantee Satisfaction.

Visit Donsereauxs Department store. and the Donsereaux 61othina and Grocery Store.

312 to 320 W a s h i n g t o n A v e . S o u t h . O n e d o o r s o u t h of H o t e l D o w n e y -

CHAS. A. PIELLA . . JEWELER A N D OPTICIAN.

DIAMONDS, WflTGflES, JEWELRY, CLOCKS, SILVERWARE, ART GOODS.

Repairing Nneatly Done.

121 Washington Ave. N. , Lansing, Mich.

ALL MEATS . . . . May look alike to you, but there is a

very great difference in the quality we han­dle and that sold by some other markets. We handle none but the very best. Like the pudding, the proof of good meats is it* the eating. A trial will convince you that you ought to trade with us.

We make daily trips to the College. BOTH PHONES. Careful attention given to

'phone orders. GOTTLIEB REUTTER.

Washington Ave. South.

FURNITURE DEALERS.

DIRECTORY I J. & B. M. BUCK.—Furniture. Cor. Wash­ington Avenue and Ionia Street. See ad.

LANSING BUSINESS and PROFESSIONAL M E N — • *

The names in this Directory, as well as those of all our other advertisers, are of reli­able parties. We hope that the faculty and students will take pains to patronize those who patronize us.

ARCHITECTS.

W JUDD CUMINGS — Architect. Sparta, Mich. Rural architecture a specialty. Patronage of

M. A. C. men solicited.

BARBERS.

H. WOOD—Barber. 106 Michigan Avenue E. College work especially solicited.

HACK AND BAGGAGE LINES.

O RDER your hacks for parties at Carr's Hack Line. Livery in connection. 410 Washington

Ave. N.

HARDWARE, STOVES AND TINWARE.

NORTON'S HARDWARE—General Hardware, Stoves, Tinware, Graniteware, Cutlery, etc,

111 Washington Ave. South. See ad.

JACOB STAHL & SON,-Wholesale and Re­tail Hardware and House Furnishings. 211 and 213 Washington Avenue North.

HARNESS, TRUNKS, ETC.

J BOOKS AND STATIONERY.

CITY BOOK STORE. Fountain Pens, Drafting Tools, Stationery, Cards Engraved, Pictures

and Picture Framing-. Tennis, Football and Base­ball goods. Crotty Bros., 206 Wash. Ave. N .

T ANSING BOOK AND PAPER CO. Water-!_/ man and Sterling Fountain Pens, Stationery, Pictures, Frames, Wall Paper. 120 Wash. Ave. N.

BICYCLES AND ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES.

J W, EDMOND'S SONS—Keep the finest stock of Trunks, Traveling Bags, Pocket Books and Leather Goods in trie city. Also a full line of

harness and horse goods. Repair shop in connec­tion. 107 Washington Ave. south.

INSURANCE.

THE DYER-JENISON-BARRY CO., LTD.„ Incorporated) Hollister Block. All kinds of the

best insurance. Strongest agency in city.

JEWELERS.

B P. RICHMOND—Watchmaker, Jeweler and Engraver. 200-202 Washington Avenue N.

c LAVNDRIES.

APITOL ELECTRIC CO.

BOOTS AND SHOES.

D. WOODBURY.— Boots and Shoes. We shoe the students. See ad.

CLOTHING,

THE VANGORDER PALACE LAUNDRY. Col­lege agents, Rudolph and Mills. S. P. Lantz,

Prop.

"•PAKVORIAN & JEWELL.—Agents for STAR 1 LAUNDRY, We return your work on Thurs­

day p. m. Either high polish or dull finish. No saw-edge collars.

LOUIS BECK.—Clothier. Gents' Furnishings, Hats and Caps. 112 Washington Ave. North.

H KOSITCHEK & BRO.—Clothing and Dry . Goods. 113 Wash. Ave. N . 210 Wash.

Ave. S.

CROCKERY AND GLASSWARE.

H H. LARNED.—China, Glass and Lamps. 105 Washington Ave. S. .

MANICURE AND HAIRDRESSING.

M RS. O. T. CASE—Mauicure and Hairdressing Parlors. Masquerade wigs for rent. A u

styles of hair goods in stock or manufactured on short notice. New 'phone 118. 222H Washington Avenue S., up stairs.

MERCHANT TAILORS.

WOODBURY & SAVAGE.—Tailors. Student trade solicited. Opposite Hotel Downey, North,

DENTISTS.

R W. MORSE, D . D . S . Hollister Block, Room 517.

J OHN HERRMANN'S SONS. Fine Tailoring, 218 Washington Avenue N.

D E. PARMELEE—Dentist. 218 Washington Ave. S,, Lansing, Mich.

DEPARTMENT STORE.

DONSEREAUX'S DEPARTMENT STORE is the place to trade. You can get a warm

lunch in our cafe for 10c. See ad.

DRVGGISTS.

ROUSER'S CAPITAL DRUG STORE. Up to date. Corner store. Opposite Hollister Block.

DRY GOODS.

SIMONS DRY GOODS COMPANY. — Dry Goods and Carpets. See ad.

FURNISHING GOODS.

ELGIN MIFFLIN.—Ladies' and Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods. See ad.

MUSIC, PIANOS, ETC.

HE POST & BRISTOL CO. Pianos and every-thing in the line of music and musical instru­

ments. 219 Washington Ave, N., Lansing, Mich.

OCULISTS.

JOSEPH FOSTER, M. D.—Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat. Hours 9 to 12 A. M. City National

Bank Building, Lansing.

PHYSICIANS.

A D. HAGADORN, M. D.—Office hours, 11 to 12 A. M., 2 to 4 and 7 to 8 P. M. Office at 212

Washington Avenue S.; home 419 Seymour St.

RESTAURANTS.

GILBERT M. HASTY, Proprietor Hasty's Gem Lunch. Best meals and lunches in the

city. Quiet place for adies. 118 Wash. Ave. S,

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