FGF- Pressing Parul Niharika

7/30/2019 FGF- Pressing Parul Niharika

1/59


2/59

PRESSING


3/59

PRESSING

Pressing is the application ofheat,moisture, and pressure to shape, mold,

orcreasefabrics, garments, orgarment

parts into the geometric forms. Pressing may be done:

(a) During assembly to facilitate other

operations and improvequality.(b) Final finishing process.


4/59

PRESSING

In-process pressing, orunder pressing,

is done while a garment is under

construction.

It is used to crease, shape, and/or

smooth components for more accurate

seaming.

Sharp edges on garment componentsincrease accuracy in sewing.

Finish pressing, oroff-pressing, adds

the final shape to seams and garments.


5/59

PRESSING

The time, temperature, pressure, andtypes ofmechanical devices used forpressing depend on:

(1)Types of materials used.

(2)Shape or form that is desired in the finalgarment.

(3)Degree ofpermanencyneeded.

The equipment used forpressing is

designed to control the heat, moisture, andpressureapplied during the pressingoperation.

Some equipment is designed to mold orseta special shape into the garment.


6/59

ELEMENTS OF PRESSING

The three elements of pressing are:

(1) Heat

(2) Steam(3) Pressure

Heat is needed in most pressing

processes to soften fibers and stabilizeand set the desired shape.


7/59


Temperatures must be selected to suitthe fibers, yarns, and fabrics used in a

particular style.

Sources ofheat include heated surfacesand steam.

Steam (moisture) is the fastest means of

transferringheat into the fabric.Heating waterin a pressure boiler

creates steam.


8/59


Higherthe pressure, hotterand drierthesteam.

Effective use ofsteamreduces the time

forpressing and the amount of pressurerequired to shape the garment.

Differentfabrics require different

amounts ofmoisture and heat.Amount and dryness of the steam are

critical to the effectiveness of the

pressingoperation.


9/59


Excessive moisture may cause

shrinkage and color bleeding and must

be used undercontrolled conditions.

Pressure is applied to alter shape and

increase the permanency of the molding

orcreasing.


10/59


Too much pressure may distort fabricsurfaces, flatten textures, and create

permanent garment and/orfabric

damage. Pressure may be applied by a

mechanicaldevice or by steam.

Mechanical pressure requires acombination ofsolid surfaces such a

tables, bucks, orirons to mold the

garment.


11/59


Mechanical pressure is specified by theamount of force perunit of time.

When a buck press orshaping device is

not used, airorsteampressure dependson the shape of the garment.

Airorsteam is blown into the garment to

expand to its full size, while heat and/orsteam are applied.


12/59


Moisture and heat are extracted by theuse of a vacuumreturnsystem that

extractssteam as it penetrates the

fabric. The vacuum pulls the steam through the

fabric, thus drying and quick-cooling the

fabric to set the new shape.


13/59

PRESSING EQUIPMENT

The proper pressing equipment will help you

achieve a more professional finish.

There are lots of garment pressing

equipments getting used in industry for other

form of garments.


14/59

This kind of equipment prepares the unpressed

fabric by ironing it prior to designing and cutting.

The machines are operated manually by pressing

the material down that has a push bar, lowering the

presser into the fabric itself. Also, they areemployed in defining stitching lines to the garment

before designing and cutting.

Pre-design garment pressing equipment


15/59

Regarded as ergonomically designed that may help outwith pressing down the shirt collars, coats, jackets and

blouses. The pressing board is curved, thus the collar

or the garment lapel will snugly fit around the layout

board from the equipment. Most of the garmentpressing equipment in this way may just be operated

physically.

Collar and lapel garment pressing equipment


16/59

Jacket garment pressing equipment is engineeredto the shape of the jacket, and is manually operated

by a pressing bar. It is designed to press the inside

and outside of the jacket, which includes the base

fabric or lining inside of the jacket.

Jacket garment pressing


17/59

Veit tunnel pressing machines are something thatyou can use for pressing down just about any

garment, whether t-shirt, jacket, pants as well as

others. It really is even great to implement for just

about any fabric. So, if you'd like help in regards togarment pressing, veit tunnel pressing will almost

always be the perfect to work with up.

Veit Tunnel Pressing


18/59

It happens to be employed for ironing the jacket andcoat sleeves following garment manufactured or

designed. Such an equipment is vertically made or q

flat kind of surface machines while using pressing

boards being shaped by using arms. However, you canfind varied settings you could use for each form of

fabric. These settings actually consist of low, medium

up to high setting. But they're still liberated to adjust the

switch.

Sleeve and arm garment pressing equipment


19/59

This sort of machines are actually utilised in ironingsmaller fabrics immediately after making or designing

the fabrics. This sort of machine is was made up of

hand-ironing devices being attached to the pressing

board for your manual ironing. Moreover, the ironingboards can also be on its flat surfaces being shaped in

the square or rectangle for simple ironing.

Miniature garment pressing equipment


20/59

PRESSING EQUIPMENT

Solid-surface pressing equipment usesa firm surface to apply pressure, while

steam and heatmold the fabric,

garment, orgarment, parts. Pressure may be applied through rolling

action, gliding action, or compression.

Solid-surface pressing equipmentconsists ofbuck presses, irons, blocks,

dies, rollers, collapsible forms, and

creasing and foldingblades.


21/59

BUCK PRESSING


22/59

BUCK PRESSING

Buck presses are commonly used by

manufacturers ofslacks, skirts, and

jackets, as well as by most dry-cleaning

plants. Components of a buck press include:

(1)A lower buck and a complementary

moveable head with a linkage system.

(2) Buck padding.

(3) Steam and vacuum systems.


23/59

BUCK PRESSING

(4) Frame and table.

(5) Gauges.

(6) Manual orautomatic controls for

steam, vacuum, heat, and pressure.

Buck presses may be used forin-

processpressing and finish pressing,

depending on the requirements of thegarment.


24/59

IRON PRESSING

Iron pressing is a manualmoldingoperation in which pressure and heat are

applied with a flat contact surface.

The iron-pressing workstation consists of:(1) Iron.

(2) Power line.

(3) Bed buck.(4) Iron support system.


25/59

IRON PRESSING

In most cases, the pressingcombinationalso contains a steam and vacuum

system.

Systems may be portable orstationary. The primary difference between iron

pressing and buck pressing is that the

iron, which serves as the head, and thebed are not linked.

Irons have flexible positioning, and their

positioning is the responsibility of


26/59

IRON PRESSING

The only pressure that is applied is whatthe operator places on the iron.

Ironsvary in weight and sole plate

dimensions and characteristicsdepending on:

(a) Type of pressing operation.

(b) Fabric.(c) Area to be pressed.

(d) Quality specifications of the operation.


27/59

BLOCK/DIE PRESSING


28/59

BLOCK/DIE PRESSING

Block or die pressing is a moldingprocess that established a products

conformance to a form.

Blockpressing may change the surfacecharacteristics and dimensions of a

product.

The fabric orproduct is placed on a fixedform (die) or block before pressure,

heat, and/or steam are applied.


29/59

BLOCK/DIE PRESSING

Block pressing may be used by hat and

glovemanufactures to shape and mold

their products.

Another form ofautomated die pressing

is used to fold and crease patch pockets

and pocket flaps.


30/59

FORM PRESSING

Form-pressing equipment is used

primarily for the final pressing in

garmentproduction or forrenovating

garments in dry-cleaningplants.

Form presses are made in the

approximateshape of the finished

garment.


31/59

FORM PRESSING

Expandable/collapsiblebags made in

the approximate form.

Steam is forced from the inside of the

formthrough the garment.

This gives the garment its final form and

shape.


32/59

FORM PRESSING

Form presses are designed to reduce the

amount ofpositioning and repositioning

time.

The entire garment is pressed with onesurge (rise and move as wave) ofsteam.

This type of press smoothesgarment

fabric, but it does not set creases.


33/59

STEAMERS

Steamers are pressing machines that use

only steam to mold and smooth the

garment.

The major type of steamers are steamjets, steam guns, steam puffs, and

steam tunnels orchambers.

These devices may be used either toform and stabilizegarment shape or to

smooth the surface of the fabric.


34/59

STEAM TUNNELS

Steam tunnels orchambers are used forfinish pressing.

Garments are dewrinkled within a

chamberby the average pressure of thecirculating steam.

Steam chambers may operate

intermittently, as racks of garments areloaded and unloaded, orcontinuously,

with garments carried by rail or

conveyor.


35/59

STEAM TUNNELS

In some conveyorizedsystems,

garments may be carried over the nozzle

of a steam jet, for the garment to receivethe full force of the steam pressure.

Some steam tunnels have drying

chambers that use dry heat to extractmoisture from the garment before

packaging.


36/59

STEAM TUNNELS

Steam tunnels are used forpressing

finished garments that do not need

creasing ormolding of any kind.

Steam tunnels drastically reduce laborcosts and process garments at a rate of

1,200 to 3,600 units per hour.


37/59

BOILERS/STEAM GENERATORS

Boilers, steam generators, and/orvacuum systems are essential parts of

any pressing system because they

generate the steam and air pressurerequired.

Quantity ofsteam has a major impact on

production cycle time and theappearance of the finishedgarment.

These systems are available in various

sizes and capacities and foruse with


38/59

BOILERS/STEAM GENERATORS

Safety controls and efficiency of these

units are major considerations when

purchasing equipment.

The cost and time required forproducing

steam contribute directly to the cost of

operating the pressing equipment and

the rate of production.


39/59

TYPES OF TABLES

There are three types of iron tables

available.

(1) Vacuum table(2) Up-steam table

(3) Blow up table


40/59

In vacuum table, the vacuum is suckedthrough the table surface to lay thegarmentflat on the surface as well assuck the residual moisture and heatfrom the garment after ironing.


41/59

In up-steam table, steam comes up fromtable surface through garments thusmoistening the garment.

This is used forknitted garments, whereironingis not advisable as the movementof the irondeformsdistribution of steamand suction over the whole surface.


42/59

TYPES OF TABLES (CONTD.)

Inclination of the surface is possible by

6,9 or 12.

All parts contacted by steam are made of

stainless steel.

This prevents spots from corrosion and

guarantees a long working life and trouble

free operation.


43/59


Blow up table is unique forany garmentpressing, without leaving any marks.

The upward thrust of airfrom the table

prevents ironing marks on the garments.

Air blowing is used in combination with

vacuum to assist in finishing the garment,

without leaving marks.


44/59


When a vacuum is used, the garment is

drawntowards the pressingsurface.

On multiple plies, it leaves impression

marks (due to seamlines).

Using air blowing, the garment is

expanded and pressed on a cushion of

airwhere ironing is possible withoutputting in marks.

This is especially good on lined

garments and silks.


45/59

CLOTH COVER SYSTEM

The table surface with proper vacuumsuction system helps keep the garment

cool and dry in a minimal time.

To maintain propersuction, it is veryimportant to have a proper cover

system which shouldnot be too hard or

too soft.

The cover cloth should be porous to be

able to draw the vacuum through the

garment to dry and cool it.


46/59

CLOTH COVER SYSTEM

Conventional pressers sometimes use

other materials.

They make a very soft surface but it has a

tendency to cause the iron to dig into thefabric and leave marks.

Cloth-covershould also be heat-resistant

and processed foranti-static electricity.


47/59

CLOTH COVER SYSTEM

Proper combination of cover systemsassists in achieving better and uniform

suction across the suction table.

There are Five layers:(1) Top Cover.

(2) Intermediate Layer.

(3) Adjusting Fiber.

(4) Base Layer.

(5) Ironing Surface.


48/59

CLOTH COVER SYSTEM

The Top Covermay consist of:(a) Synthetic fiber, which has long life,

short-term heat-resistance up to 180

C and hand washable in soap water(30C),

(b) Polyester fiber, especially for fabrics that

are subject to sheen and mostly usedwith hard covers (seam ironing).


49/59

CLOTH COVER SYSTEM

It could also use synthetic coarse fiber,which is slide resistant.

Keeps the garment as positioned, has a

long life and short-term heat-resistanceup to 190C.

The Intermediate Layerconsist of5 or 10

mm offoam as cushion forcovers.


50/59

CLOTH COVER SYSTEM

The Adjusting Fiberguarantees thecomplete splitting of the condensate

drops and reduces the humidity in the

cover system.

The Base layeris generally a patented

silicon mat forlong-term good

suction/blowing result.

This distributesstrong airflow evenly

over the entire surface/form buck, can

be cleaned easily by compressed air,

ensures long lifetime with unchanged


51/59

CLOTH COVER SYSTEM

The Ironing Surface oftable and bucks,

consists of a corrosion-resistant

perforated plate or a bored casting mould

with an additional light metal grid for anevenly spread suction and blowing airflow

(avoids wet covers).


52/59

TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS

Advancements in finishing technology

focus on several areas:

(1) Greater versatility.

(2) More precision in determining exact

pressing requirements of fabrics and

finishes.

(3) Improved quality.

(4) Energy savings.


53/59


Microprocessors with a wide variety of

settings, can control factors such as

conveyor speed, steam and air volume,

and temperatures.Computers determine settings and

control the processing so that each

garment can be treated in exactly thesame manner.


54/59


Carousel pressing combines several

pressing operations underdirection of

one operatorat one workstation,

minimizing handling. Energy costs are high, and many

equipment manufacturers have

concentrated their efforts on improvingthe energy efficiency ofpressing

systems.


55/59


They have increased the insulation toprevent heat loss.

Developedself-contained systems so

the source ofheat and steam is closertothe pressing unit.

Includedvacuum systems to reduce the

amount ofheat and steam needed theeffective pressing.


56/59


In some new pressing equipment, thesteam generatorand pressing devices are

included in a self-contained unit, which

makes the equipment portable.Advancements in buck pressing include

more automation, with less operator

handling and control.


57/59


Automated buck presses control the

amount of time, temperature, and

pressure for the steam application and

the vacuumcycle. The head releases automatically when

the determinedamount oftime lapses.

This guarantees each garment equalexposure to steam and extraction.


58/59


With manually operated presses, the

operator control the time of exposure,

which leads to variability in garment

treatment. Steam tunnels may be automated, too.

The steaming, drying, and degree of

exposure may be controlled bymicroprocessors to provide consistency

throughout the operation.


59/59

THANK YOU

Documents

FGF- Pressing Parul Niharika