Fiber Trends, Standards & Applications

Tony Irujo, OFS Adrian Amezcua, Prysmian Group

Ravi Yekula, Corning

2

Fiber Optics LAN Section

•  Overview:

•  Part of the Telecommunications Industry Association (www.tiaonline.org)

•  Formed 17 years ago

•  Mission: to educate users about the benefits of deploying fiber in customer-owned networks

•  FOLS provides vendor-neutral information

Fiber Optics LAN Section

Current Members •  3M •  ADC (ADC is now TE

Connectivity •  AFL/Noyes Fiber

Systems •  Berk-Tek, a Nexans

Company •  Corning •  CommScope

•  Fluke Networks •  Leviton •  OFS •  Ortronics/legrand •  Prysmian Group (Draka) •  Sumitomo Electric

Lightwave •  Superior Essex •  TE Connectivity

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Fiber Optics LAN Section

•  Resources include interactive cost model, White Papers, Fiber FAQs and market research

•  Recent Webinars Available on Demand –  LAN Standards, News & Trends: 2011 Update –  Data Center Connectivity –  Data Center Best Practices –  Don’t miss next week’s webconference on the new

STEP Program •  Visit www.fols.org or our channel on BrightTalk

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Agenda

•  Optical Fiber Trends •  Standards Activities •  Emerging applications and next generation

fibers

Optical Fiber Trends

Tony Irujo Sales Engineer

OFS

tirujo@ofsoptics.com

Two Basic Optical Fiber Types

Larger cores and lower wavelengths drive source and system costs down

1. Multimode 2. Single-mode

62.5 micron 50 micron ~8 micron

125 micron

850 nm Operating 1310 - 1625 nm & some 1300 nm Wavelengths

8

Multimode Fiber Types

Multimode (described in the industry using primarily the ISO/IEC 11801 designations)

ISO/IEC 11801 IEC 60793-2-10 TIA/EIA ITU-T62.5/125 OM1(1) A1b 492AAAA ---50/125 OM2(2) A1a.1 492AAAB G.651.150/125 OM3 A1a.2 492AAAC ---50/125 OM4 A1a.3 492AAAD ---

Fiber TypeIndustry Standards

(1) OM1 is typically a 62.5um fiber, but can also be a 50um fiber. (2) OM2 is typically a 50um fiber, but can also be a 62.5um fiber.

ISO/IEC 11801 "Generic Cabling for Customer Premises"IEC 60793-2-10 "Product Specifications - Sectional Specification for Category A1 Multimode Fibres"

TIA/EIA-492AAAx "Detail Specification for… Class 1a Graded-Index Multimode Optical Fibers"ITU-T G.651.1 "Characteristics of a 50/125 um Multimode Graded Index Optical Fibre Cable for the Optical Access Network"

9

Singlemode Fiber Types

Singlemode (described in the industry using primarily the ITU-T designations)

ISO/IEC 11801 IEC 60793-2-50 TIA/EIA ITU-T Std SM OS1 B1.1 492CAAA G.652.A or B

Low Water Peak SM OS2 (1) B1.3 492CAAB G.652.C or D

Dispersion Shifted SM --- B2 --- G.653.A or B Cut-off Shifted SM --- B1.2_b or _c --- G.654.B or C

Non-Zero Disperson Shifted SM --- B4_c, _d, or _e 492EA00 G.655.C, D, or E

Non-Zero Disperson for Wideband SM --- B5 --- G.656

Bending Loss Insensitive SM --- B6_a or _b --- G.657.A1 or A2

G.657.B2 or B3

(1) OS2 is actually referenced in the standard ISO/IEC 24702 "Generic Cabling for Industrial Premises"

Fiber Type Industry Standards

10

IP Traffic Growth " Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI):

Forecast and Methodology, 2010-2015" June 1, 2011

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

PB/Month

Mobile data Managed IP Fixed Internet

32% CAGR!

Worldwide Data Center Server Growth

Ethernet Fiber TransceiversLightCounting "Worldwide Sales of Optical Transceivers (Historical Data and Forecast)"

March 28, 2011

-

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000

14,000,000

16,000,000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

100  G igE

40  G igE

10  G igE  L RM  total

10  G igE  L X 4

10  G igE  S R  T otal

G igE  F iber  T otal

Fast  E thernet

11

Evolution Of Short Reach Applications

10,000

1000

40,000

Data Rate (Mbps)

2010

Trends: LEDs Lasers (faster) OM1 OM4 (farther)

1

10

100

FDDI

1300 LED 62.5µm Ethernet

850 LED 62.5 µm

1985 1990 1995 2000

Fast Ethernet

1300 LED 62.5 µm

1 GbE

850 or 1300 Laser 50 OM2 50 OM3 50 OM4 62.5 OM1 SM

10 GbE

850 or 1300 Laser 50 OM3 50 OM4 SM

40/100 GbE 850 or 1300 Laser 50 OM3 50 OM4 SM

Worldwide Multimode Fiber Demand by Fiber Type

Ø  IP traffic and server growth drive fiber demand Ø  Virtualization increasing server usage and bandwidth demands Ø  Servers requiring multiple Ethernet connections

•  Bandwidth requirements •  Redundancy

Ø  10Gbps server links drive 40Gbps uplinks

Worldwide Multimode Product Mix by Fiber Type (%)

Worldwide Multimode Fiber Demand by Region

Multimode Product Mix Worldwide and by Region

17

North American Multimode Cabling Market Trends

Source: Q3-2011 Burroughs Multimode Fiber Report

NAR Multimode Shipments

Source: Q3-2011 Burroughs Multimode Fiber Report

19 Source: Q3-2011 Burroughs Multimode Fiber Report

NAR Multimode Product Mix (%)

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NAR Singlemode / Multimode Mix

Source: Q3-2011 Burroughs Multimode Fiber Report

NAR Multimode Sales by Cable Type

Source: Q3-2011 Burroughs Multimode Fiber Report

Applications Mapping

Application

Link Speed

1 Gb/s OM3 or OM4

10 Gb/s

40 Gb/s

100 Gb/s Link Distance 100m 150m 300m 550m 1000m >1000m

Cam

pus B

ackbone

OM4 OS1 or OS2 (recommended)

Building Backbone, Campus Backbone

OM4

Cam

pus B

ackbone

Large Data Center, Building Backbone

Very Large Data Center, Building Backbone

Data Center, Building Backbone

Standards Activities

Adrian Amezcua Product Manager North America - Optical Fiber

24

TR-42 Documents •  Common Standards •  Premises Standards •  Component Standards •  Related Standards

–  FOTPs –  Fiber Specifications

25

TR-42.1 Subcommittee on Generic Cabling and

Commercial Building Cabling

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ANSI-TIA 568-C.0-2

•  568-C.0 Addendum 2 Default Ballot 1 results and comment reviewed in October –  Revisions to application

tables •  Allowed distance on OM4

–  Debate on adding a Method D.

–  Document will be issue for a second default ballot

27

TR-42.11 Subcommittee Optical Systems

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ANSI-TIA 568 C.3-1

•  TIA 568 C.3-1 Optical fiber cabling components standard.

•  On December 1, 2011 the TIA Technology & Standards Secretariat published Addendum 1 –  Addition of OM4 to tables –  More on array Connectivity for 40G and 100G –  Same color as OM3 cables (aqua)

29

TR-42.12 Subcommittee on Optical Fibers

And Cables

30

BIMMF update •  Focus on backward compatibility

–  Definition of core size and NA measurements •  Group is considering two proposals

–  Use of standard NA and CD measurements (with OFL) and apply a correction value to subtract the effect of leaky modes

–  Use EF launch for measuring NA and CD

•  Round robin between 2 fiber manufacturers showing good interoperability between BIMMF and regular MMF products

•  No difference between regular and BIMMF was observed

•  Presentation suggesting impact of leaky modes on EMBc; length dependence

•  During the IEC plenary meeting in Melburne it was decided to re-start BIMMF activities in 86A/WG1

–  Correspondence group under P. Pondillo (Corning). Plan is to coordinate activities with TIA.

Bend Insensitive MMF Task Force

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IEC

32

IEC

•  Working group on BIMMF restarted •  IEC SC 46C has invited SC86A to form a new joint WG

about Hybrid Cables (copper + fibre). The growing market demand for this kind of cables in Data applications has led to the set up of this JWG. Also some requests are appearing to cover LV and MV cables including OF for FTTh deployment.

33

LAN

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•  The Maintenance Task Group operating under IEEE Project 802.3bh accepted to add OM4 fiber in 10GBASE-S for a distance of 400 m.

•  The revision ballot of 802.3bn will re-circulate for final approval. •  The distances for 10GFC on OM1, OM2 and OM3 are the same as those for

10GBASE-S. Thus the OM4 capability for 10GFC would follow suit.

OM4 OM3

IEEE 802.3 10GBASE-S over OM4 media

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•  IEEE considered worst case scenario: – VCSEL with broad spectral width 0.45nm – 840nm VCSEL wavelength – 4400MH.km BW@ 840nm – Connector loss of 1.5dB – Cable attenuation 3.5dB

Why 400m and not 550m?

System Margin (Uc=840nm, Uw = 0.30 nm, 4400 MHz.km)

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65

length (km)

Sysm

tem

Mar

gin

(dB)

3.5dB/km, 1.5 dB

3.0dB/km, 1.0 dB

Reach up to 550m is feasible

System Budget with narrow source, Uw=0.3nm, using IEEE model, central wavelength is 840nm and BW=4400MHz.km

550m possible with a subset of VCSELs

Organization Project Notes

IEEE 802.3 Next Generation 100Gb/s SG

•  Multimode and Single mode

100Gb/s Backplane and Copper SG •  Backplane, 25 Gb/s per

lane

Fiber Channel 32GFC

•  28.05 GBd •  Multimode and sinlge

mode

Infiniband (IBTA) EDR

•  25.7 GB/s •  Active & passive optical

& copper cables

Optical Networking Forum (OIF)

CEI-28G-VSR

•  19.9 to 28.05 GBd/lane Chip to Chip, Chip to Module

CEI-25G-LR and SR •  19.9 to 25.8 GBd/lane •  Backplane

25G standards activity to support 2014/2015 products

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32G Fiber Channel

Highlights of FCIA 32GFC standard –  Serial and single-lane; 28.05Gbaud (2x 16GFC) –  100 meters on OM4; –  5 to 7 meters on copper –  Less Watts/Port and ≤50% $/port of 40GE

(2014-2015 time frame) –  Release on 2H 2012 –  2014 products ship

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•  32GFC minimum reach of 100m on OM4 –  Consider CDR, and probably EQ to offset VCSEL

properties

From T11 contribution 11-230v0

32GFC Reach Objective

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•  CFI in July formed Study Group, met in September and November

•  Developing Five Criteria (justifications for project) – Technical Feasibility, Broad Market Potential,

Economic Feasibility, Distinct Identity, Compatibility

•  Objectives (high-level requirements) – Easy objectives on compatibility and BER

already adopted – No reach objectives defined

•  Project Authorization Request

IEEE Next Generation 100GE

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•  An adhoc was formed to look at MMF PMDs, two MMF interest groups: –  Main transceiver makers

•  50 – 75 m w/o enhancements, VCSEL with low rise time, poor RIN

•  Serves HPC lengths well, but doesn’t cover Data Centers distances

–  Fiber manufacturers, cablers, switch vendors, IC makers •  100 – 150 m on OM4 with electronic enhancements (CDR, EQ,

FEC) •  Overkill for HPC, better for Data Centers

–  May lead to two MM reach objectives •  AOCs have been proposed for short links •  100m on OM3 and 150m on OM4 offers seamless upgrade

from 40G

IEEE Next Generation 100GE MMF PMDs

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•  New low-cost 100GE-nR4 –  Duplex SMF –  Much lower cost to for Data Centers –  Shorten reach (<1km) –  Remove lane-rate-conversion, widen WDM to remove

TEC, Si or InP modulator PIC, long wave VCSEL, multi-level coding, FEC

•  Support 100GE-LR4 for 10km apps –  Transition to quad 25G DFB Laser PIC technology

•  Support 100GE-ER4 for 40km apps

IEEE Next Generation 100GE SMF Proposal PMDs

Emerging Applications and Next Generation Multimode fibers

Ravi Yekula Corning Optical Fiber

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North American market now majority 50 µm

Source: Burroughs Report

More 50 µm sales than 62.5 µm sales since 2008

Multimode Fiber Market Demand

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

Q12005

Q22005

Q32005

Q42005

Q12006

Q22006

Q32006

Q42006

Q12007

Q22007

Q32007

Q42007

Q12008

Q22008

Q32008

Q42008

Q12009

Q22009

Q32009

Q42009

Q12010

Q22010

Q32010

Q42010

Q12011

Q22011

Q32011

50 µm62.5 µm

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Laser-Optimized 50 µm continues to grow

Source: Burroughs Report OM3/OM4 has been majority of 50 µm since 2007

50 Micron Market Demand

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Q12005

Q22005

Q32005

Q42005

Q12006

Q22006

Q32006

Q42006

Q12007

Q22007

Q32007

Q42007

Q12008

Q22008

Q32008

Q42008

Q12009

Q22009

Q32009

Q42009

Q12010

Q22010

Q32010

Q42010

Q12011

Q22011

Q32011

OM2OM3/OM4

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Lasers require new bandwidth measurement systems

OFL (Overfilled Launch) •  Designed to predict performance of low-

speed LEDs, not lasers •  Power distributed over 100% of the fiber

core, like LEDs •  Perturbations in index profile undetected

EMB (Effective Modal Bandwidth) •  DMD (Differential Mode Delay) based

measurement •  minEMBc or DMD-mask

•  Power distributed in a narrow region •  Simulates an actual laser launch •  More accurate indication of performance

in high-speed laser-based systems

Light Sources

(Typically 10 and 100 Mb/s)

(1, 2, 4, 8, 10 Gb/s and higher)

47

Tdelay

Fiber Core

Laser

Laser

Laser

Fiber Core

≈ 5µm

Laser

TSlow TFast

1 of 2 DMD-based standards compliant measurements Laser scanned across core BW defined by most delayed pulse

Laser

6 Masks Applied for OM3 (3 masks for OM4) Must only pass 1 mask to be OM3 (or OM4) compliant

1-2 µm

25%

DMD output is “Normalized”

Pass = OM3 (2000 MHz.km EMB) or OM4 (4700 MHz.km EMB) Fail = OM2 (< 2000 MHz.km EMB)

Characterization Methods DMD (differential mode delay) Mask

48

T delay

Fiber Core

Fiber Core

≈ 5µm TSlow TFast

1 of 2 DMD-based standards compliant measurements Laser scanned across core Ten weighting functions that simulate full range of laser output characteristics are used along with DMD test results to calculate EMBc BW defined by most delayed pulse

Different laser characteristics simulated “Hot outside” laser

Laser

“Mid-range” laser “Hot inside” laser

Laser

Laser

Laser

Laser

Laser Laser

Laser

Laser

Laser

Laser Laser

Laser

Laser

Laser

e.g. VCSEL #5 Bandwidth value = 3128 MHz.km

e.g. VCSEL #3 Bandwidth value = 2563 MHz.km

e.g. VCSEL #1 Bandwidth value = 2137 MHz.km = 2137 MHz.km

minEMBc Value

Note: BW values provided for illustrations purposes only, drawing not scale

Characterization Methods minEMBc (min Effective Modal BW – calc)

OM4 Standard Approved by International Standards Organizations

•  OM4 is 50 µm fiber with higher effective modal bandwidth than OM3 –  Extra bandwidth can be used for higher bit rates, longer link lengths or

increased margin for more connectivity

•  Existing “OM” designations (per ISO/IEC 11801) are shown in the table below

•  IEC proposal for OM4 will be harmonized with TIA

“OM”

Type

Core Diameter

(µm)

EMB (MHz.km)

OFL 850/1300 (MHz.km)

10 G Link Length

100 G Link

Length OM1 62.5 - 200/500 33 m - OM2 50 - 500/500 82 m - OM3 50 2000 1500/500 300 m 100 m OM4 50 4700 3500/500 550 m 150 m

50

•  The standard supports 40 Gb/s over: –  At least 10km on single-mode fiber –  At least 100m on OM3 MMF –  At least 150m on OM4 MMF –  At least 7m over a copper cable assembly –  At least 1m over a backplane

•  The standard supports 100 Gb/s over: –  At least 40km on single-mode fiber –  At least 10km on single-mode fiber –  At least 100m on OM3 MMF –  At least 150m on OM4 MMF –  At least 7m over a copper cable assembly

IEEE approves 40G/100G standard

OM3 100 meter distance allows for 1.5 dB of connector loss OM4 150 meter distance allows for 1.0 dB of connector loss

Parallel optics are preferred for multimode fiber objectives

40 Gb/s •  4 fibers x 10 Gb/s for transmit •  4 fibers x 10 Gb/s for receive

100 Gb/s •  10 fibers x 10 Gb/s for transmit •  10 fibers x 10 Gb/s for receive

Value proposition for OM4 depends on application

•  Significant value for OM4 at 10G Ethernet •  Little value for OM4 at 4G regardless of EMB value

–  Dispersion limited because of broad spectral width

•  16G has tighter spectral width than 4G so value increases •  Although 40G/100G is based on 10G arrays, looser specifications for 40G/

100G transceiver arrays significantly reduce the value

10G Ethernet 40/100G Ethernet 16 G Fibre Channel 4G Fibre Channel

System Operating Link Length vs Laser Bandwidth

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Laser Bandwidth EMB (MHz.km)

Link

leng

th (m

)

OM

4 B

enef

it

Applications

OM3 OM4

OM4 at 40G/100G extends cost effective MMF solution

•  Objective of at least 100 m on OM3 covers ~ 70% of data center links

–  Reducing connector loss to same level as OM4 allows OM3 to support 120 m

•  Extending OM4 distance to 150 m with existing transceivers covers ~ 90% of data center links

•  OM3 and OM4 fibers can support even longer distances, but transceiver spec change is required

Source: Corning Cable Systems

0 50 100 150 200 250 Cable Length (m)

Rel

ativ

e Fr

eque

ncy

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cum

ulat

ive

Freq

uenc

y

Length Distribution Cumulative Frequency

Over time, MACs lead to mis-managed cabling resulting in: •  Congestion in sub-floor space •  Bend-induced attenuation •  Restricted air flow •  Negative impact on cooling efficiency

Moves, adds and changes (MACs) can cause a structured cabling system to look more like

a rat’s nest

Initial installations that follow bend radius guides and structured cabling paths don’t have to worry about signal loss due to inappropriate bends

However…

Standard OM3/OM4 fiber versus bend-insensitive OM3/OM4 fiber

ü  Potentially up to 10x better bend performance than standard 50 µm fiber

ü  High bandwidth OM3 and OM4 capability

ü  Potentially improved optical performance

ü  Compatible with installed base

ü  May be spliced/connectorized with commercially available equipment

0.01

0.1

1

10

5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25

Bend Radius (mm)

Mac

robe

nd lo

ss

, 850

nm

, 2 tu

rns

(dB

)

Bend-Insensitive OM3/4 Fiber

Standard OM3/4 Fiber

Multimode Std IEC 60793-2-10

Multimode Std ITU – G.651.1

New Level of Bend Performance

Bend Radius 37.5 mm 15 mm 7.5 mm

Number of Turns 100 2 2

Max Induced Attn @ 850 nm 0.5 dB 1 dB

New level of bend performance @ 850 nm 0.05 dB 0.1 dB 0.2 dB

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Fundamentals of macrobending in multimode fiber

•  Multimode fiber has many modes of light traveling through the core

•  As each of these modes moves closer to the edge of the core it is more likely to escape, especially if the fiber is bent

•  In a traditional multimode fiber, as the bend radius is decreased, the amount of light that leaks out of the core can increase

Dissipation of energy

Core

Cladding

Bend-insensitive multimode fiber may prevent light from escaping

•  A specially engineered optical trench may be used to trap the energy in the many modes which propagate within the fiber core

•  Keeping the light in the core, even in the most challenging bending scenarios, may significantly reduce the bend-induced attenuation

Energy is confined inside the fiber Trench acts like barrier

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Bend Insensitive multimode fiber helps networks be green

Size of “box” with conventional

50 µm fiber

Size of “box” with bend insensitive

50 µm fiber

Loss of A = Loss of B

Drawing To Scale Substitute bend-insensitive multimode fiber for conventional

50 µm fiber A B

If total energy costs are ~ $1M per year potentially:

2% reduction

Potential Benefits

•  Better cooling/airflow

•  Reduced energy usage

•  Lower OPEX

•  Smaller data center footprint

•  Supports green data center

$20,000/yr savings

59

Bend Insensitive multimode fiber helps networks be green

Size of “box” with conventional

50 µm fiber

Size of “box” with bend insensitive

50 µm fiber

Loss of A = Loss of B

Drawing To Scale Substitute bend-insensitive multimode fiber for conventional

50 µm fiber A B

If total energy costs are ~ $1M per year potentially:

2% reduction

Potential Benefits

•  Better cooling/airflow

•  Reduced energy usage

•  Lower OPEX

•  Smaller data center footprint

•  Supports green data center

$20,000/yr savings

Q&A

Please send your request for a CEC to liz@goldsmithpr.com