Fidelis Rutatina

Integrated domestication strategy of Allanblackia; A detailed example from TanzaniaPresentation made at the SII Training

workshop on Allanblackia DomesticationNairobi Kenya

October 23rd 2006

Why IDS

• AB seeds volume supply far below the current demand of 6000 tones of seeds per year.– AB

cultivation/domestication strategy to address this gap.

AB production in Tanzania, conseravtive Plan Vs Actual

0

500

1000

1500

2004 2005 2006 2007 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

YearsTo

nes

of A

B se

eds

estmate Actual

Why IDS…

• Sustainability of supply chain– Less dependence from wild

harvesting– Gap between Novella two

targets and actual needs to be closed faster, while

– Kg per farmer increased from 65kg (2004) for 655 farmers to 81kg in Muheza district.(3449 farmers) in 2005.

– To get the minimum of 150kg needs to double efforts- cultivation(5trees/farmer),then closer to 1Ktone.

Novella 2 original assumptions Actual

Year Amount of seeds Kg per farmer

Origin Actual Kg per farmer

2006 150 Wild picking

68-92

2011 1000 Wild and Agro forestry

2015 9000 95% from Agro forestry

Why IDS

• Significant contribution to poverty alleviation and genda equity– By 2006 the best district

earned average of 10USD per farmer

– This needs to increase to more than 70USD per farmer in 3 months of production per year.

– With per capital income of 300USD this is significant.

– To get 70USD needs domestication.

Why IDS

• Address biodiversity issues– Trees diversification

on the farmland– Enrichment planting– Improvement of stock

materials– Gene conservation

• Add value to AB tree conservation

Management and coordination

• Working in Partnership

FARMERS(6,000)

Private ( Unilever)

Public-UNDP/(GSB)-DFID-SNV-ICRAF-Govt. Institutions

-ANR-TAFORI-Local admin.

NGOs

Faida MaLi,

INADES,

ICA

TFCG

Management and coordination

• Role of partners– Public partners

• Funding of activities e.g. UNDP,DFID,ICRAF

• Research and development-ICRAF,ANR,TAFORI

• Extension services- ANR,ICRAF, Local governments

• Central and private village nurseries harmonization- ANR, ICRAF,TAFORI

• Facilitation and capacity building: UNDP,SNV

Management and coordination

• Role of NGOS– Capacity building and

empowerment• Training• Awareness creation

– Extension– Genda– Farmer groups

formation and development

– Work with local governments

Management and coordination

• Role of private sector– Market assurance– Coordinate partnership– Work with farmers– Fund mobilization and

publicity– Developing supply

chain– Organise partner

planning and evaluation meetings.

Collection Centres:EquippedClerks and

Store

PROCESSOROF AB NUTS

SHELLCRAFT

CONSUMER/PROCESSOR/

EXPORT

UNILEVER

Farmers in groups

Muheza

Lushoto

Kilindi/Korogwe

Mvomero,Kilosa

Management and coordination- the working practice

TRANSPORTOF AB NUTS

LOCALTransporters

MANAGED BY PARTNER NGOS

MANAGED BY UNILEVER

Faida,TFCG,ICA,INADES,Unilever,SNV

,Domestication group

Dom

esti

cati

on, E

IA, S

ocia

l stu

die

s

Detailed roles Tasks of Unilever:

guarantee the long-term market at certain price control the quality of the supply chain develop valuable market for Allanblackia get food clearance pay for part of the start-up costs

initiate the build-up of local supply chain Supports the research on Allanblackia domestication get agreement on sustainability guidelines for AB ensure measurable contributions to poverty reduction ensure positive contributions to biodiversity

Coordination and management • Tasks of NGO’s

– lead the community work– ensure poverty alleviation goals are met– ensure farmers and small businesses get a fair deal– focus on side-effects: gender issues - child labour -

corruption a.s.o.– assist in building relations with rulers and government– help to live by the law– use synergies between this project and other development

goals– monitor adherence to sustainability guidelines– help implement smallholder plantations– work towards a stable supply chain without NGO support

Partnership history

• Meeting held in October-2003 Unilever,Faida,TFCG and came up with work plan.-Founder partners

• MoU agreed and signed

• Two follow up meetings held in November 2003 and February 2004

• The work implemented

Implementation strategy development-History

• 1st Evaluation meeting 2004.

• More partners on board (ICA, INADES,ANR, TAFORI)– Contact of partners through SNV networks,

others by presence in project areas.– Potential partners attend evaluation meeting– At the end do self evaluation on how to fit.

Self assessment of stakeholders

•How do you see your organization contributing towards the goals/objectives of the project?

•How would collaboration for AB nut production contribute towards the objectives of your organization

•Which activities would you be able to undertake?and how would you undertake them?

•What are the specific threats/capacities of your organization to undertake these activities?

•What human and financial resources would you commit to these activities?

Working together

• Agreed work plan• Guiding MoU• Quarterly meeting• Sharing information-emails, phone call etc• Field visits/office visits• Evaluation meetings• Unilever coordinates.• All report on progress and share field

experience/Research findings• Resources contribution as per work plan• Fund raising

Task Timing Who? (and others e.g. Forest Dept)

1 Prepare nursery training materials Oct to Nov 05 ICRAF, ANR, TFCG, ARI, TAFORI

2 Training in nursery management Nov to Dec 05 ANR, TFCG, TAFORI, FM, ICA,

3 Prepare shaded nursery beds (3-4m2) Jan to Mar 06 Nursery operator

4 Collect and pre-treat seeds Dec 05 to Feb 06 ICRAF, ANR, TFCG, TAFORI, ARI

5 Distribute/ supervise sowing 15kgs pre-treated seeds Jan 06 to Mar 06 ANR, TFCG, TAFORI,Nursery operator

6 Water and monitor beds Mar 06 to Nursery operator, ANR, TFCG, TAFORI,

7 Check on progress and distribute polybags Mar 06 to Sep 06 ANR, TFCG, TAFORI, UNILEVER

8 Fill 200 polybags, prepare shaded 2-3 m2 shaded area Sep 06 & Mar 07 Nursery operator

9 Prick out germinants/emergents Sep 06 & Mar 07 Nursery operator; ANR, TFCG, TAFORI

10 Pay nursery operators on transplants (TSh 150) Oct 06 & Apr 07 ANR, TFCG, TAFORI,FM, INADES, ICA,UNILEVER

11 Check on nursery progress Oct 06 onwards ANR, TFCG, TAFORI, UNILEVER

12 Prepare cultivation guidelines Sep 06 ICRAF, ANR, TFCG, ARI, TAFORI

13 Identify and sensitise farmers to plant seedlings Nov to Dec 06 ANR, TFCG, TAFORI,FM, INADES, ICA

14 Collect and pay for seedlings (Tsh350) Mar 07 & Oct 07 ANR, TFCG, TAFORI,FM, INADES, ICA

15 Distribute seedlings, enter in agreements on subsidies Mar 07 & Oct 07 ANR, TFCG, TAFORI,FM, INADES, ICA

16 Supervise planting Mar 07 & Oct 07 ANR, TFCG, TAFORI, UNILEVER

17 Monitor progress, back-up advice Mar 07 onwards ANR, TFCG, TAFORI,UNILEVER

18 Pay annual subsidy Mar & Oct 08 then annual x3

FM, INADES, ICA,UNILEVER

Plan for seedling production

Vegetative Propagules Plan

Oct 2005 - start negotiating with farmers to cut elite females - collect all info, GPS, passport data - test run on 10 trees (ANR, TAFORI, ARI)

Feb 2006 – cut trees, pay up front 20,000 Tz Sh

Mar 2006 – build propagators (400 cuttings per propagator) - 10 propagators (ANR), 10 propagators (TAFORI), 4 propagators (ARI)

Sep 2006 – harvest cuttings, set in propagators (no auxin needed)

Mar 2007 – transplant cuttings to polybags

Sep 2007 – field plant (pay 1000 Tz Sh per rooted cutting)

Current status

• Establish – central nurseries, one at

ANR– village nurseries– Individual nurseries

• Prepare 100 mother trees• Pre-treat seeds with GA• Train and make

propagators• Establish Gene bank

But also

• Managed to graft• 4 out of five success

Current state of knowledge

• Partnership management –strength and gaps.

• Better knowledge on seedling establishment compared 2004/2005

• Cuttings establishment apart from cut mother tree

• Field planting survival after 1 year (>90%) if not stolen by farmers.

• It is possible to graft

Difficult arisen and lesson learnt

• Longer germination period and germination percentage• GA-3 impact not yet realised after 7months( no

germination noticed but dying seeds)• Coppicing of cut trees is two years not one year

expected. 60% shooted for Sept.2007 harvesting cuttings.

• Planning without funds in hand could be a barrier.• Need for readjustment to strategic plans and go for five

years plan as focus was on one year delivery

Specific lesson leant for practical deployment of AB initiative

• Clear planning with defined and shared responsibilities; what ,who, when and how to do it.(partnership coordination)

• Optimal allocation of resources is critical• Production and research moving parallel, some

times production is faster• Created demand for plants to farmers needs to

be managed at the current level of high motivation. Can we manage?

• Let us have >100,000/yr improved AB in 06&07 planted in Tanzania.

By implementing what we planned, AB is a future cash cow

The Cash Cow

Thank you

The End