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FIELD EVALUATION OF NEW ROOTSTOCKS FOR ALMOND
X. Miarnau, I. Batlle, L. Torguet, S. Alegre
XVI GREMPA MEETING
Meknes (Morocco),
May 12-14
• In the Mediterranean region, traditionally the most widely used almond rootstock has been the bitter almond.
• At 70s works started to replace the old rootstocks by almond x peach hybrids (GREMPA).
• Until now, the rootstock 'INRA GF-677' has been the most used in both irrigated and rainfed conditions.
• However, over the last few years, a large number of rootstocks almond x peach hybrids and other inter-specific hybrids within the genus Prunus have been released and thus are available for almond crop.
The main objective is to assess the agronomic and productive performance of 10 new rootstocks in new almond cultivars, in an experimental trial planted in Les Borges Blanques (Lleida, Spain) in March 2010
• 10 rootstocks grafted with 2 cultivars (‘Marinada’ and ‘Vairo’) • March 2010 • Randomized blocs design with 12 replicates of one tree • Spacing: 5,5 m x 3,5 m • Full irrigation conditions • Traning: traditional vase
Rootstock Origin Obtentor
‘INRA GF-677’ P. dulcis x P. persica INRA (France)
‘GARNEM ’ P. dulcis x P. persica CITA (Spain)
‘CADAMAN ’ P. persica x P. davidiana IFGO (Hungary) and INRA (France)
‘IRTA-2’ Prunus cerasifera x Prunus dulcis IRTA (Spain)
‘ROOTPAC® R’ Prunus cerasifera x Prunus dulcis Agromillora Iberia (Spain)
‘ISTHARA ’ (P. cerasifera. x P. salicina) x (P. cerasifera. x P. persica) INRA (France)
‘IRTA-1’ P. dulcis x P. persica IRTA (Spain)
‘ROOTPAC® 20’ P. besseyi x P. cerasifera Agromillora Iberia (Spain)
‘ROOTPAC® 40’ P. dulcis x P. persica Agromillora Iberia (Spain)
Puebla de Soto Clone selection of P. insititia CSIC-Aula Dei (Spain)
2013-2014: 2-3 days of difference
10 15 20 25 30 35
'INRA GF-677'
'Puebla de Soto'
'Rootpac 20'
IRTA 1'
'Ishtara'
'Rootpac R'
'Rootpac 40'
'Cadaman'
'IRTA 2'
'Garnem'
Marzo-abrilMarch
8/29 8/30 8/31 9/1 9/2 9/3 9/4 9/5 9/6 9/7 9/8 9/9 9/10 9/11 9/12
Ishtara
Puebla de Soto
Rootpac 20
Rootpac 40
Rootpac R
IRTA 1
IRTA 2
Garnem
Cadaman
INRA GF-677
'Marinada'
2014 12-13 days of difference
0
50
100
150
200
250
IRTA
2
INR
A G
F-6
77
Ro
otp
ac R
Ro
otp
ac 4
0
Ish
tara
Pu
eb
la d
e S
oto
IRTA
1
Ro
otp
ac 2
0
Gar
ne
m
Cad
aman
IRTA
2
INR
A G
F-6
77
Ro
otp
ac R
Ro
otp
ac 4
0
Pu
eb
la d
e S
oto
IRTA
1
Ish
tara
Ro
otp
ac 2
0
'Vairo' 'Marinada'
Sect
ion
(cm
2)
2014
2013
2012
2011
Accumulate section (2011-2014)
3rt year results
0
10
20
30
40
50
'IRTA 1' 'Ishtara' 'Garnem' 'GF-677' 'Rootpac 40''Cadaman' 'IRTA 2' 'Rootpac 20''Rootpac R''P. de Soto'
Nº
de
re
bro
tes
/ ár
bo
lN
º of s
ucke
rs /
tree
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
IRTA
1
INR
A G
F-67
7
Cad
aman
IRTA
2
Ish
tara
Ro
otp
ac R
Gar
ne
m
Ro
otp
ac 4
0
Ro
otp
ac 2
0
Pu
eb
la d
e
Soto
Ch
loro
ph
yll e
valu
atio
n (S
PA
D V
alu
es)
3rd year results
0,00
5,00
10,00
15,00
20,00
25,00
30,00
B
0,00
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
5,00
Ca
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
Mg
0,00
20,00
40,00
60,00
80,00
100,00
120,00
Fe
0,00
20,00
40,00
60,00
80,00
100,00
120,00
Mn
0,00
5,00
10,00
15,00
20,00
25,00
Zn
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
'Gar
ne
m'
'Cad
aman
'
INR
A G
F-67
7'
'Ro
otp
ac R
'
'Na
no
Pa
c'
'IRTA
2'
'IRTA
1'
'Pu
eb
la d
e S
oto
'
'Ish
tara
'
Ro
otp
ac
20
'
'IN
RA
GF-
67
7'
'Ro
otp
ac
R'
'Nan
oP
ac'
'IRTA
2'
'IRTA
1'
'Ro
otp
ac
20
'
'Ish
tara
'
'Pu
eb
la d
e S
oto
'
'Marinada' 'Vairo'
Kg
de
gra
no
/ha
(20
12-
20
13
)2nd and 3rd year results (cumulative yield)
Kg
of k
erne
l/ha
0
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,3
0,35
0,4
'Ro
otp
ac 4
0'
'IRTA
1'
INR
A G
F-6
77
'
'Cad
aman
'
'Ish
tara
'
'Gar
nem
'
'Ro
otp
ac
R'
Ro
otp
ac 2
0'
'IR
TA
2'
'Pu
eb
la d
e S
oto
'
'INR
A G
F-6
77
'
'Ro
otp
ac R
'
'Ro
otp
ac 4
0'
'IRTA
1'
'Ro
otp
ac 2
0'
'Ish
tara
'
'IR
TA
2'
'Pu
eb
la d
e S
oto
'
Marinada' Vairo'
Efi
cie
nci
a (
kg
/cm
2)
2nd and 3rd year results Ef
ficie
ncy
(kg
of k
erne
l/cm
2 )
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35'G
F-67
7'
'Cad
aman
'
'Ro
otp
ac R
'
'Ish
tara
'
'Gar
nem
'
'Ro
otp
ac 4
0'
'IRTA
2'
'Ro
otp
ac 2
0'
'IRTA
1'
'P.
de
So
to'
'IRTA
2'
'IRTA
1'
'GF-
677'
'Ro
otp
ac R
'
'Ro
otp
ac
40
'
'Ro
otp
ac
20
'
'Ish
tara
'
'P.
de
So
to'
Marinada Vairo
Re
nd
imie
nto
(%)
2nd and 3rd year results Sh
ellin
g pe
rcen
tage
(%)
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
1,6'C
adam
an'
'GF-
677'
'Ish
tara
'
'Ro
otp
ac
R'
'Ga
rne
m'
'IR
TA
2'
'IR
TA
1'
'Ro
otp
ac 4
0'
'P.
de
Soto
'
'Ro
otp
ac 2
0'
'INR
A G
F-67
7'
'P.
de
Soto
'
'Ro
otp
ac
R'
Ro
otp
ac
40
'
'IR
TA
1'
'Ish
tara
'
IRT
A 2
'
'Ro
otp
ac
20
'
'Marinada' 'Vairo'
Pe
so d
el g
ran
o (
g)2nd and 3rd year results
Ker
nel w
eigh
t (g)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80'R
oo
tpac
R'
'GF-
677'
'P. d
e S
oto
'
'IR
TA 2
'
'Cad
aman
'
'Ish
tara
'
'Gar
ne
m'
'Ro
otp
ac 4
0'
'Ro
otp
ac 2
0'
IRTA
1
'GF-
677'
'P. d
e S
oto
'
'Ro
otp
ac 4
0'
'IR
TA 2
'
'Ro
otp
ac R
'
'Ish
tara
'
'Ro
otp
ac 2
0'
'IR
TA 1
'
Marinada' 'Vairo'
% a
lme
nd
ras
po
r so
bre
14
2nd and 3rd year results K
erne
l per
cent
age
abov
e 14
(%)
• New alternatives are available (under trial).
• Choice of rootstock according:
Rainfed or irrigation (water allocations) Farm soil (soil type, replanting, diseases)
Production system (traditional or intensive)