Fifth

International Conference

on

Concrete Pavement

Design and Rehabilitation

April 20-22, 1993 Purdue University

West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 USA

Volume 1

Eldon J. Yoder Outstanding Paper Award Professor Eldon J. (Eldy) Yoder was born in Goshen, Indiana on December 11, 1918. Eldy

received his BS degree in Civil Engineering from Purdue University in 1945, and his MSCE in 1946, majoring in Highway Engineering and minoring in Soil Mechanics and Structures. In 1946, he accepted employment with Ohio State University as an Assistant Professor in Civil Engineering. In 1949, he returned to Purdue as Assistant Professor of Highway Engineering. He was promoted to Associate Professor in 1954 and, in 1962, became Professor of Highway Engineering.

Professor Yoder's record of educational, technical and professional accomplishments in the field of highway engineering, especially pavement design serves as an inspiration to us all. He was an outstanding teacher, an excellent researcher, and served as an engineering consultant on major highway projects worldwide. He was very active in professional societies, and especially enjoyed the Transportation Research Board. In 1983, he received TRB's Roy W. Crum Award "in recognition of outstanding achievement in the field of transportation research.•

Professor Yoder was very active in the development of continuing education programs in the highway field. He was the organizer of TRB's First International Conference on Low-Volume Roads in 1975, and served as chairman of the Third conference until his death. He also organized the First and Second International Conferences on Concrete Pavement Design, and was initiating plans for the Third International Conference at the time of his death in 1983. In memory of Eldon J. Yoder and his many contributions to the highway design profession, the Third International Conference was dedicated to him and an award set up in his name for the outstanding paper for each conference. This award will be presented during the conference closing.

ii

Foreword These are the proceedings for the Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design

and Rehabilitation. This is the fifth in a planned series of such conferences to bring together experts from all over the world to discuss state-of-the-art issues in this subject area. The conference will cover all aspects of the design, evaluation, performance and structural rehabilitation of Portland Cement Concrete pavements, including new and innovative techniques. Papers on bases, joints and drainage will also be presented.

The First International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design was held at Purdue University on February 15-17, 1977. The Second International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design was held in Indianapolis, Indiana on April 14-16, 1981. Both of these conferences were quite successful, thanks to the tireless efforts of their chairman, Eldon J. Yoder, Professor of Civil Engineering at Purdue University. Eldy was very active in planning the Third International Conference until his untimely death in June 1983. The Third Conference was dedicated to his memory and to his many contributions to the engineering profession. It was held on April 23-25, 1985, at Purdue University.

The papers presented in this proceedings were selected from the 100 synopses that were submitted in response to the initial call for papers in January of 1992. The papers selected for presentation at the conference resulted from a two stage review of the synopses and then the papers of the selected synopses. Due to the many fine papers submitted, the Program Committee decided to also publish some of the excellent papers which could not be included in the conference program. The papers published in this proceedings have been organized in the same format as that of the general program as follows:

Tuesday Morning Tuesday Afternoon Tuesday Afternoon Tuesday Afternoon Wednesday Morning Wednesday Morning Wednesday Morning Wednesday Afternoon Wednesday Afternoon Thursday Morning Thursday Morning

Opening Session Performance Rehabilitation CRCP Design Joints Noise & Materials Airport Fibers & Materials Overlay RCC

The format of the conference allows each presenter to make a formal presentation of his paper, followed by time for questions from the audience and responses by the authors. Interaction between authors and attendees will be encouraged throughout the conference.

The compilation of this proceedings and the conference program would not have been possible without the generous efforts of the members of the Program Committee in reviewing and selecting the final papers and presentations. The Program Committee members are identified on the next page. Special thanks are expressed to the Federal Highway Administration for its financial assistance in publishing this preprint, and in setting up the final program. Finally, the efforts and cooperation of the authors of the papers in this proceedings are deeply appreciated. These efforts have enabled us to publish a quality document that will constitute an excellent reference tool for engineers engaged in highway design, construction and maintenance for many years to come.

Charles F. Scholer and Thomas D. White, Conference Co-Chairmen School of Civil Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1284 U.S.A.

iii

Program Committee Archie F. Carter (Southern RoadbuildersConcrete Paving Division) D. W. (Bill) Dearasaugh (National Cooperative Research Program) Jim Green (U.S. Air Force) Michael P. Jones (Navy Facilities Engineering Command) Starr D. Kohn (Soil and Materials Engineers, Inc.) Marlin Knutson (American Concrete Pavement Association) Roger Larson (Federal Highway Administration) Byron Lord (Federal Highway Administration) Richard A. McComb (Federal Highway Administration) Frank McCullagh (Transportation Research Board) Robert G. Packard (Portland Cement Association) Tom Ptak (Federal Highway Administration) John L. Rice (Federal Aviation Administration) Bob Risser (American Concrete Pavement Association) Ray Rollings (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station) Charles F. Scholer (Purdue University) Gary W. Sharpe (Kentucky Transportation Cabinet) Terry Sherman (American Concrete Institute) Thomas D. White (Purdue University)

The papers presented in this proceedings have been reproduced photographically from copy furnished by the authors. The contents of the papers reflect the sole views of the authors. In some cases, the material for the papers was obtained under contract with the Federal Highway Administration and various State Highway Departments. The material does not reflect the views of the Federal Highway Administration or those of the other sponsoring agencies.

i.v

Sponsors and Supporting Agencies The Fifth International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and Rehabilitation has been

made possible by the cooperation of various organizations in the United States and other countries. The conference has been planned by a Program Committee representing the following agencies:

Sponsors:

Purdue School of Civil Engineering Federal Highway Administration Portland Cement Association Transportation Research Board Indiana Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration American Concrete Pavement Association

Cooperating Agencies:

American Concrete Institute American Road and Transportation Builders Association American Society of Civil Engineers Cembureau (European Cement Association) Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute International Road Federation Permanent International Association of Road Congresses (PIARC), Technical

Committee on Concrete Roads Roads and Transportation Association of Canada U.S. Air Force Engineering and Services Center U.S. Naval Facilities Engineering Command Wire Reinforcement Institute

v

Table of Contents

Volume 1

Eldon J. Yoder Outstanding Paper Award .............................................. ii

Foreword ....................................................................... iii

Program Committee .............................................................. iv

Sponsors and Supporting Agencies .................................................. v

TUESDAY MORNING: OPENING SESSION

Glasnost and Concrete Pavement Engineering: Developments Concerning Slabs-On-Grade from the Former Soviet Union - Lev Khazanovlch and Anastaslos M. loannides, University of Illinois at Urbana ........................................... , 3

Concrete Highway Pavements in Australia - G.P. Ayton, Roads and Traffic Authority, New South Wales, Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

TUESDAY AFTERNOON: PERFORMANCE

Factors Affecting Performance of Concrete Pavements - Jamshid M. Armaghanl, Florida Department of Transportation, Gainesville ....................................... 33

Performance of a Concrete Pavement Constructed Under Extreme Weather Conditions - P.F. Molina, DGA Zaragoza; M. Jorge, MOPT Zaragoza; A. Josa, UPC Barcelona; C. Jofre, IECA Madrid; S. Carrascon, IECA Barcelona .................................. 47

Concrete Pavements for Port Areas in Belgium: Experience and Innovations -Lambert Hendrlkx, Advisory Engineer, Belgian Cement Association, Brussels ................ 61

The Construction and Performance of Concrete Pavements Reinforced with Flexarm -David G. Peshkin, Michael I. Darter, Eres Consultants, Inc., Jacques Aunls, SAPRR, France ........................................................................ 69

Ten Years Experience with Experimental Concrete Pavement Sections in Ontario -Thomas J. Kazmierowski and Alison Bradbury, Pavement Design, Evaluation and Management Section, Ministry of Transportation of Ontario, Downsview ..................... 77

Concrete Block Paving Tested as Micutated Slabs - Brian Shackel, Wlnarno O'Keeffe and Lindsay O'Keeffe, Department of Geotechnical Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, University of New South Wales, Australia ............................... 89

Experiment of Concrete Pavements at LCPC's Fatigue Test Track - J. M. Balay, J.C. Gramsammer, and J. L. Nlssoux, Laboratoire Central des Pants et Chaussees, B. Darbols, Sundicat Frangais de L'lndustrie Cimentiere, and A. Salnton, Syndicat Professional des Entrepreneurs de Chaussees en Baton et Equipments Annexes, France (Publish Only) ............................................................ 97

vii

TUESDAY AFfERNOON: REHABILITATION

Grinding of a Transversely Grooved Cement Concrete Pavement of the European Motorway E 40 at Bierbeek - C. Caestecker and L. Heleven, Flemish Road Infrastructure and Traffic Administration, Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Widening Works on the Motorway E 40 at Leuven and Bertem (Belgium) -Chris Caestecker, Flemish Road Infrastructure and Traffic Administration, Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Evaluation of Concrete Pavement Rehabilitation in Pennsylvania - Shelley M. Stoffels, Walter P. Kllareski, Phillip D. Cady, Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, Pennsylvania State University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Performance of Ontario's First Major Rehabilitation and Overlay Project - Tom Kazmlerowskl, Ministry of Transportation, Ontario and Harry Sturm, Canadian Portland Cement Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Evaluation of the Impact of Concrete Pavement Restoration Techniques on Pavement Performance - VI Jiang and Rebecca R. McDaniel, Indiana Department of Transportation, Division of Research ................................................ 153

Validating Loss of Support for Concrete Pavements - L. Travis Chapin, Bowling Green State University; Thomas D. White, Purdue University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

TUESDAY AFrERNOON: CRCP

Long Term Performance of Uncontrolled Longitudinal Cracking and Failed Longitudinal Joints in Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavements - Eric D. Moody and B. Frank McCullough, University of Texas at Austin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Prediction of CRCP Terminal Movements - B. Frank McCullough and Eric D. Moody, University of Texas at Austin ............................................... 191

Cracking and Corrosion in Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavements -K. Verhoeven, Belgian Cement Industry Collective Research Centre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Analysis of CRC Pavement Under Moisture, Temperature, and Creep Effects -Subrahmanya M. Kadiyala, Dreco, Inc., Dan G. Zollinger, Texas A&M University ........... 211

WEDNESDAY MORNING: DESIGN

Flexural Fatigue Design Curve for Concrete Pavement in Consideration of Probabilistic Properties of Fatigue Phenomena - Masashl Koyanagawa, Yoneya Hiroshi, Akita College of Technology, and Tadashl Fukuda, Tohoku University, Japan ................... 237

Effects of Lateral Distribution of Heavy Vehicles on Fatigue Cracks of Concrete Pavements - Tatsuo Nishlzawa, Ishikawa College of Technology; Yasuo KaJlkawa, Kanazawa University; Tadashl Fukuda, Tohoku University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

A Rigorous Analytical Solution of a Concrete Slab Submitted to Interior and Edge Loads with No, Partial and Full Shear Transfer at the Edge - Frans Van Cauwelaert, Belgian Cement Industry Collective Research Centre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

viii

Non-Linear Dynamic Analysis of Concrete Pavements - Sameh Zaghloul and Thomas D. White, School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University ......................... 277

Concrete Pavement Design and Construction Practices by the Texas DOT -Andrew J. Wimsatt, Pavement Section, Division of Highway Design, Texas Department of Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Analysis of Structural Response of Concrete Pavements Under Critical Thermal-Loading Conditions - Chung-Lung Wu, Construction Technology Laboratories, Inc.; Mang Tia, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Florida; Torbjorn J. Larsen, Florida Department of Transportation .............................. 317

The Revision of the Concrete Pavement Thickness Design Procedure of China -Zukang Yao, Denyon Zhou and Zhlmang Tan, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (Publish Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

The Pasternak Foundation: An Attractive Alternative tor the Winkler Foundation -A. C. Pronk, Road and Hydraulic Engineering Division, The Netherlands (Publish Only) ........ 349

A Nonlinear Mechanistic Model for Dowel Looseness in PCC Pavements - Hua Guo, Galaxy Scientific Corporation, Roger M. Larson, Federal Highway Administration, and Mark B. Snyder, Michigan State University (Publish Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

Volume2

WEDNESDAY MORNING: JOINTS

Non Destructive Tests Procedure for Field Evaluation of Transverse Joints in Concrete Pavements - J. Prozzl, M. DeBeer, Division of Roads and Transport Technology, Pretoria, and P. Balmaceda, City Council of Johannesburg, Braamfonstein, South Africa .......................................................................... 3

Evaluation Method for Joint Load Transfer Efficiency in Concrete Pavements -Kazuyukl Kawamura and Shlnlchl Nakagawa, Civil Engineering Research Institute, Hokaida Development Bureau; Tatsuo Nishlzawa, Ishikawa National College of Technology; Atsushl Kasahara, Hokkaido Institute of Technology ......................... 13

Development of Load Transfer Coefficients for Use with the AASHTO Guide Based on Field Measurements - B. Frank McCullough and Eric D. Moody, University of Texas at Austin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Guideline Recommendations for Timing Contraction Joint Sawing of PCC Highway Pavements - Paul A. Okamoto and Peter J. Nussbaum, CTL, Inc,; Kurt D. Smith, ERES Consultants, Inc. . .......................................................... 39

Prediction of Faulting of Joints in Concrete Pavements - Chung-Lung Wu, James W. Mack, Paul A. Okamoto, Robert G. Packard ......................................... 53

Calibrated Mechanistic Design Procedure to Prevent Transverse Cracking of Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements - Ricardo A. Salsllli, University of Chile; Ernest J. Barenberg and Michael I. Darter, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ................ 71

ix

WEDNESDAY MORNING: NOISE AND MATERIALS

Noise-Reducing Concrete Pavements - G. Descornet and F. Fuchs, Belgian Road Research Centre; R. Buys, Robuco Ltd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Australian Developments to Reduce Road Traffic Noise on Concrete Pavements -John Nichols, Cement and Concrete Association of Australia; David Dash, Northern Region Roads & Traffic Authority, New South Wales, Australia ............................. 99

The Road and the Environment, a Marriage of Convenience: Thick Porous Pavements - Jean-Pierre Chrlstory, Laboratoire Regional de l'Ouest Parisien; Giiies Plplen, Direction Departmentale de !'Equipment du RhOne, Bernard Soudleu, Mairie de Paris -Direction de la Voirie, Jean Chauchot,Syndicat des Entrepreneurs de Chaussees en Baton et Equipements annexes, France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Laboratory Study of Porous Concrete for its Use as Top-Layer of Concrete Pavements - Erik Onstenk, lntron, Institute for Materials and Environmental Research; Antonio Aguado, Technical University of Catalonia; Eberhard Elckschen, Research Institute of the German Cement Association; Alejandro Josa, Technical University of Catalonia .......... 125

Early Opening of PCC Pavements to Traffic - Paul A. Okamoto, Chung-Lung Wu, Scott M. Tarr, CTL, Inc.; Lawrence W. Cole, American Concrete Pavement Association, Skokie, Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

WEDNESDAY AFfERNOON: AIRPORT

New Developments in the Construction of Concrete Pavements on the Brussels­National Airport - Lambert Hendrik><, Belgian Cement Association; Jozef Denayer and Patrick De Puysseleyr, Brussels Airport Authority, Belgium .......................... 155

Design Strategies for Concrete Pavement on Soft Ground - Case Study for Tokyo International Airport - Yoshltaka Hachiya, Port and Harbour Research Institute, Ministry of Transport, Shuichi Soda, Second Port Construction Bureau, Ministry of Transport, and Katsuhisa Sato, Nagaoka Institute ofTechnology, Japan ................... 165

The Loss of Load-Transfer Capacity at Joints of Airfield Concrete Pavements Under Repetitive Load - Deng Xue Jun, Huang Xiao Ming, Zhao Jla Jun, Transportation Engineering Institute, Southeast University, Nanjing, China, and Wang Ylde, China Airport Construction Company, Guangzhou Branch .................................... 183

WEDNESDAY AFfERNOON: FIBERS & MATERIALS

Durability of Pavement Repairs: Point of View About the Role of Fibers - F. Grandhale, Laboratoire Materiaux et Durabilite des Constructions, Centre de Recherches de Pont a Mousson, J.L. Granju, E. Rlngot, Laboratoire Materiaux et Durabilite des Constructions, France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Thin Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Overlays and Inlays on Old Pavements - A Ten Year Belgian Experience - K. Verhoeven, Belgian Cement Industry Collective Research Center; V. Vancraeynest, Bekaert N.V., Zwevegem, Belgium .................... 203

The Concrete Mixture: The Key to Pavement Durability - James M. Shllstone, Sr., Shilstone & Associates, Inc., Dallas, Texas ........................................... 211

Identification of Coarse Aggregates Prone to Surface Deterioration and D-Cracking In Concrete Pavements - Marco Salcedo, Wiiiiam L. Dolch and Charles F. Scholer .......... 217

x

THURSDAY MORNING: OVERLAY

Improved Design of Unbonded Concrete Overlays - Kathleen T. Hall and Michael I. Darter, University of Illinois; Wayne J. Seller, ERES Consultants, Inc. . .................... 225

Thin Concrete Overlays on Old Asphalt Roads - Or)an Petersson and Johan Silfwerbrand, Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute, Stockholm ................ 239

Ultra-Thin Concrete Overlays on Existing Asphalt Pavement - Robert J. Risser, S.P. LaHue, and Gerald F. Voigt, American Concrete Pavement Association; James W. Mack, Portland Cement Association ............................................. 245

Thin Concrete lnrlays on Old Concrete Roads - Johan Sllfwerbrand and Or)an Petersson, Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute, Stockholm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

THURSDAY MORNING: RCC

The Performance of RCC Pavements in Australia - D.M. Brett, Thompson & Brett Pty. Ltd; R. Edwin Petrie and Scott Matthews, Cement and Concrete Association of Australia ..................................................................... 261

Studies on Compactibilty and its Test Method of Extremely Dry Concrete Used for Roller Compacted Concrete Pavements - Katsuro Kokubu, Atsushl Ueno, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Takuya Kondoh, Shimizu Corporation. Tokyo ..................... 269

An Investigation of the Use of Roller Compacted Concrete in a Heavily-Trafficked, High-Speed Application in Australia - Geoffrey W. Jameson, VIC ROADS, Australia; Kieran G. Sharp, Australian Road Research Board, Ltd., and Raymond S. Rollings, USAE Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

Comparison of Roller Compacted Concrete Pavement Responses to Static and Dynamic Loads - Chung-Lung Wu, H. A. Todres, CTL, Inc, and Brian T. Bock, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, Illinois ......................................... 291

xi