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Flow of energy through a living system; energy is degraded w/ each step. Fig 12-3, p.238. Generalized trophic pyramid. Fig 12-6, p.241. Simplified food web. Fig 12-7, p.242. Factors that effect…. Light Temperature (among others…that you already know…). Fig 12-9, p.244. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Fig 12-3, p.238
Flow of energythrough a living system;energy is degraded w/ each step
Fig 12-6, p.241
Generalized trophic pyramid
Fig 12-7, p.242
Simplified foodweb
Factors that effect…
• Light
• Temperature
• (among others…that you already know…)
Fig 12-9, p.244
Fig 12-11, p.247
Life in the Ocean
• The PELAGIC community!
• A “Pelagic community” is a community of organisms that live suspended in the water column…they either float (plankton) or swim (nekton).
• This is different than those that live on shore, on the bottom (etc.)
Fig 13-1, p.258
PelagicCommunitiy,PlanktonAndnekton
Bony fish examples
Deep sea angler fish
Fig 13-21, p.275
MarineMammalsthat live inthe pelagiczone(Baleen)
Fig 13-21, p.276
MarineMammalsthat live inthe pelagiczone(Toothed)
Next…
• Since we know some of the organisms that live there, we can also study their interactions (w/ each other and w/I the community structure)
Marine Ecology
• The study of interactions of marine organisms with each other and with their environment
Population
• A group of organisms of the same species occupying a specific area
Community
• Many populations of organisms that interact with each other at a particular location
Community Composition
• Physical factors– temperature, salinity, dessication, pressure– can all limit where an organism can survive
• Biological factors – larval supply, competition, predation,
parasitism,– can also limit where an organism can be found
Physical Factors
• range of tolerance
• Steno = narrow
• Eury = wide or broad
• Examples:– stenothermal or eurythermal– stenohaline or euryhaline
Biological Factors
• Competition
• Predation
• Symbiosis
Competition
• limited supply of resources
• Intraspecific competition– between individuals of the same species– Leads to adaptation
• Interspecific competition– between individuals of different species– may lead to competitive exclusion
Predation
• Can also affect community structure
• Allows for increased diversity when superior competitor is preferred prey
Symbiosis
• the co-occurrence of two species in which the life of one is closely tied with the life of another
Symbiosis
• Three types– mutualism (++)
• Anemone fish, cleaner shrimp, zooxanthellae
– commensalism (+0)• Pea crabs, pilotfish & shark
– parasitism (+-)• roundworms