FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE / LITERARY DEVICES

IMAGERY

The author uses words to appeal to the five senses. This creates a complete IMAGE in the reader’s mind.

“Preludes” by T. S. Eliot

The winter evening settles downWith smell of steaks in passageways.Six o'clock.The burnt-out ends of smoky days.And now a gusty shower wrapsThe grimy scrapsOf withered leaves about your feetAnd newspapers from vacant lots;The showers beatOn broken blinds and chimney-pots,And at the corner of the streetA lonely cab-horse steams and stamps.And then the lighting of the lamps.

METAPHOR The author creates a

comparison not using like or as

It states that something IS something else

SIMILE The author creates a comparison using like or as It states that something is SIMILAR TO something

else

Each word or phrase

that is highlighted in

this poem is an example

of IMAGERY

SYMBOLISM The author uses one thing or idea to represent /symbolize

something else

“Damien” by DMX

The snake, the rat, the cat, the dogHow you gon’ see themIf you living in the fog?

Symbolism in this poem: The snake = someone out to get you by being your friend first The rat = a snitch The cat = someone out to get you by sneaking around The dog = someone out to hurt you physically The fog = your own unclear mind and focus

CHARACTERIZATION This is how the author creates a character The author reveals each of these to you so you can understand who

the character is:o Appearance (what he/she looks like)o Speech (what he/she says)o Actions (What he/she does)o Thoughts o Others’ Reactions (how the character is treated)

Others’ Reactions: These characters are gossiping about her

THOUGHTS

Actions_________________________________

AppearanceSPEECH

IRONY (3 types)1. Verbal irony 2. Situational Irony 3. Dramatic irony

-What is said is the opposite of what is meant. - What happens is opposite of what is expected. - The audience knows something the characters do not.

Personification Alliteration

The author makes something that is not a person do what a The author uses the same sound repeatedly in a series of wordsperson would do.

Examples: Examples:- “That desk just bit me!” - Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.- The sun winked at the world as it arose from its bed. - The crafty, cunning, crude man stole the cash.- I guess you think that trash will throw itself away. - Sally sold some shells.

AllusionThe author references a person or event from outside of the story

Example:In “Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory”, Willy says almost the same thing Neil Armstrong said when he was first to land on the moon.

Willy, then. ALLUDED to Neil Armstrong’s accomplishment:

NEIL ARMSTRONG said: “That’s one small leap for man, one giant leap for mankind.”WILLY WONKA (later) said: “That’s a small step for mankind, but a giant step for us.”

Point of ViewThe narrator’s perspective when telling the story.Types:

1. First person : uses ‘I’, ‘me’, ‘we’2. Second person : uses ‘you’3. Third person : uses ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’

** Third person point of view can be either limited or omniscient. Limited : narrator only “sees” some things the characters do Omniscient : narrator can “see” everything every character

does

Mood: evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions. Usually, mood is referred to as the atmosphere of a literary piece, as it creates an emotional setting that surrounds the readers.

Tone: attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience Assonance: repetition of vowel sounds Satire: a literary work that ridicules human nature or a specific act in order to bring about improvement or teach a lesson Free Verse: a poem with no rules in regard to rhythm or rhyme

Grammar: Parallel Structure-Parallel structure (also called parallelism) is the repetition of a chosen grammatical

form within a sentenceo Ex) I went walking while talking and laughing

Sentence – a group of words that contains a noun, a verb, and completes a thought. Clause – a group of words that contains a noun, a verb, and is part of a sentence.

o Independent = a clause that could stand on its own as a sentence.o Dependent = a clause that could not stand on its own as a sentence.

Ex. I went to the store when I had money. This sentence has two clauses ---- an independent and a dependent.

RUN-ON SENTENCE: Two or more independent clauses separated incorrectly or not separated at allo 3 ways to fix a run-on

Put a period between clauses and make it two sentences.

Ex. I went to the store. I bought a cow.

Put a semi-colon between the clauses. Ex. I went to the store; I bought a cow.

Put a comma plus a conjunction. Ex. I went to the store, and I bought a cow.