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Figurative Language… the Language of Poetry In figurative language, words are used
to express more than their dictionarymeaning. It conveys vivid images.
(Verse that uses sounds, rhythm,and word choiceto convey ideas.)
Examples:I quarreled with my brother, a
I don’t know what about, bOne thing led to another aAnd somehow we fell out. b
- Eleanor Farjeon, from “The Quarrel”
Rhyme Scheme: the pattern of rhymes in a poem (done by
alternating letters of the alphabet for each rhyming sound)
SIMILE: a comparison of two unlike things using like,
as, resembles, thanExamples:
as sweet as sugarbright like the moontall as a mountainher heart resembles a prison
Metaphor: a comparison of two unlike things
Unlike similes, metaphors do NOT contain words such as like, as, etc.
Examples:He was a bear to us!The ribbon of road wound away.His smile is sunshine in our day.Her words rained down on us.
Personification:giving human qualities to an animal,
object, or idea
Examples:The wind whispered to us.Our blue sky smiled down upon us.His eyes spoke what his mouth could
not.The willow tree grasped at them with
itsbranches.
ALLITERATION:the repetition of initial consonant sound for effect
Examples:The day of his death was a dark, cold daySeven swans swam silently seaward.Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
Rosemary ran as rapidly as required.
SYMBOL:an object that stands for something larger than itself,
usually an abstract concept Examples:
dove – a bird / a symbol of peaceapple – a fruit / a symbol of temptationblack – a color / a symbol of evilflag – a cloth / a symbol of patriotism
IDIOM:an expression that has meaning different from the meaning of its individual words
Examples raining cats and dogs
kill two birds with one stone laughing stock don’t be a wet blanket
HYPERBOLE:simple exaggeration – in the service of truth, not with the
intention of lying
Examples:I’ll die if I don’t pass this test!You could knock me over with a feather
with that comment!I’ve read that a million times and I still
don’t get it.He walked forever to find his way home.
IRONY:a contrast between what is expected and
and what actually exists or happensExamples:
Helen Keller was always keenly aware of what was going on around her.
Alanis Morissette lyrics:Rain on your wedding dayA free ride when you’ve already paidHe waited his whole life to take that flight, and as the plane
crashed down, he thought, well isn’t this nice.An old man, turned 98, won the lottery, and died the next dayMeeting the man of your dreams, and then meeting his
beautiful wife.A traffic jam when you’re already lateA death-row pardon two minutes too lateTen thousand spoons when all you need is a knife
IMAGERYWords that appeal to the reader’s senses
(sight, smell, taste, hear, touch)
Example:The salty air, the melting sun, the icy waves, and the sweet tartness of the popsicle made my heart soar with the hope that this day would never end!
“The Ode”
• The ode was invented in ancient Greece in 500 B.C. by the poet Pindar. They were serious, dignified songs that were performed to celebrate great
heroes in battle.• In the 20th century, poet Pablo Neruda refined the
ode. He discarded the rules about odes and wrote them about everyday life and objects: a pair of socks, onions, a spoon, French fries, etc.
• We will now share his poem, “Ode to the Apple”.
A few of the more popular POETIC FORMS…
• Haiku – Japanese 17-syllable poem that usually describes nature in some form
• Concrete – Poem is molded into the physical form of its subject
• Acrostic – Each letter that begins each line of this poem creates a word (usually done with names)