Upload
octavia-simon
View
215
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Figure 1. Location of the Palo Alto sampling station in South San Francisco Bay.
J M M J S N94
J M M J S N95
J M M J S N96
J M M J S N97
J M M J S N98
J M M J S N99
J M M J S N00
J M M J S N01
Time (months)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Sal
inity
(pa
rts
per
thou
sand
)Salinity
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Figure 2. Water column salinity at Palo Alto from 1994 through 2001.
11
Figure 3. Percent silt/clay, iron and aluminum in sediments at Palo Alto from 1994 through 2001.
JMMJ SN94
JMMJ SN95
JMMJ SN96
J MMJ SN97
JMMJ SN98
J MMJ SN99
JMMJ SN00
JMMJ SN01
Time (months)
0.00
1.50
3.00
4.50
6.00
7.50
9.00
10.50
12.00
Alu
min
um &
Iron
(pe
rcen
t dry
wei
ght)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Per
cent
<10
0 m
Percent aluminum, iron and silt/clay in sediment
Fe Al Silt/Clay
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
12
Figure 4. Near-total extraction concentrations of chromium, vanadium, and nickel in sediments at Palo Alto from 1994 through 2001.
J M M J S N94
J M M J S N95
J M M J S N96
J M M J S N97
J M M J S N98
J M M J S N99
J M M J S N00
J M M J S N01
Time (months)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Cr,
V, a
nd N
i in
sedi
men
t (g
/g)
Chromium, vanadium, and nickel in sediment
1996 1997 1998 19991994 1995 2000 2001
13
Figure 5. Near-total and acid-extractable copper concentrations in sediments at Palo Alto from 1977 through 2001.
JMMJ SN94
JMMJ SN95
JMMJ SN96
J MMJ SN97
JMMJ SN98
J MMJ SN99
JMMJ SN00
JMMJ SN01
Time (months)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Cu - Near-total extr
200
280
360C
u in
sed
imen
t - N
ear-
tota
l ext
ract
(g/
g)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Cu
in s
edim
ent -
HC
l ext
ract
(g/
g)
Cu - HCl extract
Copper in sediment
1995 1996 1997 1998 20011994 1999 2000
ERM=270ppm
ERL=34ppm
14
Figure 6. Concentrations of near-total and acid-extractable zinc in sediments at Palo Alto from 1994 through 2001.
JMMJ SN94
JMMJ SN95
JMMJ SN96
J MMJ SN97
JMMJ SN98
J MMJ SN99
JMMJ SN00
JMMJ SN01
Time (months)
0
50
100
150
200
Zn -Near-total ext
400
450
500
Zn
in s
edim
ent
- N
ear-
tota
l ext
ract
(g/
g)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Zn
in s
edim
ent
- H
Cl e
xtra
ct (
g/g)
Zn - HCl extract
Zinc in sediment
1995 1996 1997 1998 20011994 1999 2000
ERM=410ppm
ERL=150ppm
Regional Background=75ppm
15
Figure 7. Acid-extractable silver concentrations in sediments at Palo Alto from 1990 through 2001. Extractions were conducted with 0.6 N Hydrochloric acid.
J M S90
J M S91
J M S92
J M S93
J M S94
J M S95
J M S96
J M S97
J M S98
J M S99
J M S00
J M S01
Time (months)
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.003
4
Silv
er in
sed
imen
t (g
/g)Silver in Sediment
HCl extract
Regional Background
ERL=1.0ppm
ERM=3.7ppm
16
Figure 8. Total extraction concentrations of cadmium in sediments at Palo Alto from 1994 through 1999.
J M M J S N94
J M M J S N95
J M M J S N96
J M M J S N97
J M M J S N98
J M M J S N99
Time (months)
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
Cad
miu
m in
sed
imen
t (g
/g)
Cadmium in sediment
1995 1997 199919961994 1998
17
Figure 9. Concentrations of selenium and mercury in sediments at Palo Alto from 1994 through 2001.
J M M J S N94
J M M J S N95
J M M J S N96
J M M J S N97
J M M J S N98
J M M J S N99
J M M J S N00
J M M J S N01
Time (months)
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
Sel
eniu
m &
Mer
cury
in s
edim
ent (
g/g
) Selenium & Mercury in sediment
Hg Se
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
18
Figure 10. Annual mean concentrations of copper in the clam Macoma balthica at Palo Alto from 1977 through 2001. Error bars denote the standard error of the mean (SEM).
77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01
Time (Years)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Cop
per
in c
lam
tis
sue
(g
/g)
Annual Mean Copper in Macoma balthica
19
Figure 11. Annual mean concentrations of silver in the clam Macoma balthica at Palo Alto from 1977 through 2001. Error bars denote the standard error of the mean (SEM).
77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01
Time (Years)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Silv
er in
cla
m t
issu
e (g
/g)
Annual Mean Silver in Macoma balthica
20
Figure 12. Concentrations of copper in clams (Macoma balthica) at Palo Alto from 1994 through 2001. Error bars denote the standard error of the mean (SEM).
J M M J S N94
J M M J S N95
J M M J S N96
J M M J S N97
J M M J S N98
J M M J S N99
J M M J S N00
J M M J S N01
Time (months)
0
30
60
90
120
150
Cop
per
in c
lam
tiss
ue (g
/g)
Copper in clams
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
21
Figure 13. Concentrations of silver in clams (Macoma balthica) at Palo Alto from 1994 through 2001. Error bars denote the standard error of the mean (SEM).
J MM J S N94
J MM J S N95
J MM J S N96
J MM J S N97
J MM J S N98
J MM J S N99
J MM J S N00
J M M J S N01
Time (months)
0
3
6
9
12
15
Silv
er in
cla
m ti
ssue
(g
/g)
Silver in clams
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
22
Figure 14. Concentrations of zinc in clams (Macoma balthica) at Palo Alto from 1994 through 2001. Error bars denote the standard error of the mean (SEM).
J M M J S N94
J M M J S N95
J M M J S N96
J M M J S N97
J M M J S N98
J M M J S N99
J M M J S N00
J M M J S N01
Time (months)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Zin
c in
cla
m ti
ssue
(g
/g)Zinc in clams
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
23
Figure 15. Concentrations of chromium in clams (Macoma balthica) at Palo Alto from 1994 through 2001. Error bars denote the standard error of the mean (SEM).
J M M J S N94
J M M J S N95
J M M J S N96
J M M J S N97
J M M J S N98
J M M J S N99
J M M J S N00
J M M J S N01
Time (months)
0
3
6
9
12
Chr
omiu
m in
cla
m ti
ssue
(g
/g)
Chromium in clams
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
24
Figure 16. Concentrations of nickel in clams (Macoma balthica) at Palo Alto from 1994 through 2001. Error bars denote the standard error of the mean (SEM).
J M M J S N94
J M M J S N95
J M M J S N96
J M M J S N97
J M M J S N98
J M M J S N99
J M M J S N00
J M M J S N01
Time (months)
0
3
6
9
12
15
Nic
kel i
n c
lam
tis
sue
(g
/g)
Nickel in clams
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
25
Figure 17. Concentrations of selenium in sediments and clams at Palo Alto from 1994 through 2001. Error bars denote the standard error of the mean (SEM).
J MMJ SN94
J MMJ SN95
J MMJ SN96
J MMJ SN97
J MMJ SN98
J MMJ SN99
J MMJ SN00
J MMJ SN01
Time (months)
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
Sel
eniu
m in
sed
imen
t (g
/g)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Sel
eniu
m in
cla
m ti
ssue
(g
/g)
Selenium in sediment & clams
Se-sed Se-clam
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
26
Figure 18. Concentrations of mercury in clams (Macoma balthica) at Palo Alto from 1994 through 2001. Error bars denote the standard error of the mean (SEM).
J M M J S N94
J M M J S N95
J M M J S N96
J M M J S N97
J M M J S N98
J M M J S N99
J M M J S N00
J M M J S N01
Time (months)
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
Mer
cury
in c
lam
tiss
ue (
g/g)
Mercury in clams
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
27
Figure 19. Weight of Macoma balthica of 25 mm shell length (condition index) as determined between 1988 through 2001 at Palo Alto.
J M S88
J M S89
J M S90
J M S91
J M S92
J M S93
J M S94
J M S95
J M S96
J M S97
J M S98
J M S99
J M S00
J M S01
Time (months)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Tis
sue
wei
ght i
n m
g (2
5 m
m c
lam
)Condition Index
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
28
Figure 20. Correlation of maximum condition index in Macoma balthica vs. maximum copper concentrations in the months preceding the determination of maximum condition. Data from Palo Alto and San Jose sites for the period from 1990 through 2001.
0 100 200Copper in clam tissue (g/g)
0
100
200
300C
ondi
tion
Inde
x of
cla
ms
(mg
in 2
5 m
m c
lam
)
Max Cu vs. Max CI: PA & SJ
1990 - 19 1999-200 2001
No Cu effect on CI
Cu reduces CI
29