Filipino Architects During The American Regime

7/25/2019 Filipino Architects During The American Regime

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AR 326BHISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 4FILIPINO ARCHITECTS & THEIR WORKS DURING THE AMERICAN REGIME IN THE PHILIPPINES Page 1/2RVGP

Juan M. Arellano

Juan Marcos Arellano y de Guzmn (April 25, 1888 December 5, 1960)or Juan M. Arellano, was aFilipinoarchitect, best known forManila'sMetropolitanTheater (1935),Legislative Building (1926; now houses theNational Museum of thePhilippines), theManila Central Post Office Building (1926),the Central Student Church(today known as the Central United Methodist Church, 1932) theNegros OccidentaProvincial Capitol (1936), theCebu Provincial Capitol (1937), the Bank of thePhilippine Islands Cebu Main Branch (1940),Misamis Occidental Provincial CapitoBuilding (1935) and theJones Bridge.

Life and works

Juan M. Arellano was born on April 25, 1888 in TondoManila,Philippines to LuisC. Arellano and Bartola de Guzmn. Arellano was married Naty Ocampo on May 15,

1915. He had three children, Oscar, Juanita and Cesar.

He attended theAteneo Municipal de Manila and graduated in 1908. Hisfirst passion waspainting and he trained under Lorenzo Guerrero, Toribio Antillon,and Fabian de la Rosa. However, he pursuedarchitecture and was sent totheUnited States as one of the first pensionados in architecture, after CarlosBarreto, who was sent to theDrexel Institute in 1908; Antonio Toledo, who wenttoOhio State;andToms Mapa,who went toCornell.

Arellano went to thePennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 1911 andsubsequently transferred toDrexel to finish hisbachelor's degree in ArchitectureHe was trained in theBeaux Arts and subsequently went to work for George BPost & Sons inNew York City,where he worked forFrederick Law Olmsted, Jr.

He then returned to the Philippines to begin a practice with his brother,Arcadio. He later joined the Bureau of Public Worksjust as the last Americanarchitects, George Fenhagen and Ralph H. Doane, were leaving. He andToms

Mapa were then named as supervising architects. In 1927, he took a study leaveand went to the United States where he was greatly influenced byArDeco architecture.

In 1930, he returned to Manila and designed the Bulacan Provincial Capitol,Manila MetropolitanTheater, which was then considered controversiallymoderne.He continued to act as a consulting architect forthe Bureau of Public Works where he oversaw the production of the Manila's first zoning plan.In 1940, he andHarry Frost created a design forQuezon City,which was to become the newcapital of the Philippines.

It was during that time that he designed the building that would house the United States HighCommission to the Philippines, later theEmbassy of the United States in Manila.He designed ademesne alongthe edge ofManila Bay, which featured amission revival stylemansion that took advantage of the seasidevista. The Americans instead opted for afederal-style building that ended up overpriced and uncomfortable.

DuringWorld War II,the Legislative Building and Jones Bridge, were totally destroyed and the Post OfficeBuilding was severely damaged. While these structures were all reconstructed, his original designs were notfollowed and were considered poor replications.

Arellano retired in 1956 and went back to painting. In 1960, he exhibited his work at the ManilaYMCA.

Death

He died at the age of 72 on December 5, 1960.

Born April 25, 1888Tondo,Manila,Philippines

Died December 5,1960 (aged 72)Metro Manila,Philippines

Alma mater Ateneo deManilaUniversity

Occupation Architect

Spouse(s) Naty Ocampo

Parent(s) Luis C.

ArellanoBartola deGuzmn
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Legislative Building, Manila

The Old Legislative Building (also known as the Old Congress Building) is a

building located along Padre Burgos Avenue inErmita,Manila,Philippines

Currently, it houses the National Art Gallery of the National Museum of the

Philippines. From 1926 to 1972, and briefly from 1987 to 1997, the building was

home to various legislative bodies of the Philippine government.

Jones Bridge

Jones Bridge is a bridge that spans thePasig River in

thePhilippines connecting the Manila area ofBinondo on Rosario Street (Calle

Rosario, now Quintin Paredes Street), with the center of city in Ermita. The

previous bridge that connected the two areas was the Puente Grande (Grea

Bridge), later called thePuente de Espaa (Bridge of Spain) located one block

upriver on Nueva Street (Calle Nueva, now E. T. Yuchengco Street). That span

was considered as the oldest established in thePhilippines.

Manila Central Post Office - Pre World War II

The Manila Central Post Office is the centralpost office of the cityofManila,Philippines. It is the head office of the Philippine Postal Corporationand houses the country's main mail sorting-distribution operations.

Designed byJuan M. Arellano andToms Mapa,the post office buildingwas built inneoclassical architecture in 1926.[1]It was severely damaged inWorldWar II,and rebuilt in 1946 preserving most of its original design.

Supreme Court of the Philippines

The Supreme Court of the Philippines was officially established on June 111901 through the passage of Act No. 136, otherwise known as theJudiciary Law o

the Second Philippine Commission. By virtue of that law, judicial power in the

Philippine Islands was vested in the Supreme Court, Courts of First Instance

andJustice of the Peace courts. Other courts were subsequently established.

Manila Metropolitan Theater

The Manila Metropolitan Theater (Filipino: Tanghalang Pangkalakhan ngMaynila, or MET) is a PhilippineArt Deco building found at theMehanGarden located onPadre Burgos Avenue corner Arroceros Street, neatheManila Central Post Office.It was designed by architectJuan M. Arellano andinaugurated on December 10, 1931.

The Metropolitan Theater faade resembles a stage being framed by aproscenium-like central window of stained glass which carries the nameMetropolitan with flora and fauna motif surrounding the label.
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Rizal Memorial Stadium, Manila

The Rizal Memorial Track and Football Stadium, simply known as the RizaMemorial Stadium since it is the main stadium within the Rizal Memorial SportsComplex,is thenational stadium of thePhilippines.It served as the main stadiumof the 1954 Asian Games and theSoutheast Asian Games on three occasions

Prior to its renovation in 2011, the stadium was badly deteriorated and was unfitfor international matches. The stadium is also officially the home of thePhilippinesnational football team.

Cebu Provincial Capitol

The Cebu Provincial Capitol is dramatically positioned at the end of agrand perspective of a new avenue (Osmea Boulevard) as conceived byWilliam E. Parsons in his 1912 plan of Cebu, in the lines of theCity BeautifulMovement.

The building follows an H-shaped plan, one side opening to the terminusof Osmea Boulevard. The main block or corps de logis, three stories high, isflanked by two secondary wings, symmetrically advancing to embrace arectangular, elevatedcour d'honneur that serves as an entrance podium.

Negros Occidental Provincial Capitol

The Negros Occidental Provincial Capitol Building followedDanieBurnham'sBeaux Art style. WhenWilliam Cameron Forbes was the governogeneral in the Philippines in 1904, he invited Burnham to the country, who, inturn, recommended as consulting architect to the governmentWilliam EParsons.When he arrived in 1905, Parsons established the architectural office ofthe Bureau of Public Works which was composed of American and Filipinoarchitects, such asJuan Nakpil,Tomas Mapua, andJuan de GuzmanArellano.Using the neo-classical architectural design of Burnham for the capitol,Juan Arellano executed the project.

Juan Felipe de Jesus Nakpil

Juan F. Nakpil (May 26, 1899May 7, 1986) was aFilipino architect, teacher and acommunity leader. In 1973, he was named one of theNational Artists for architecture, andtapped as the Dean of Filipino Architects.He was one of eight children of thePhilippine Revolution veteransJulioNakpil andGregoria de Jess (who married the former after the death of her firsthusbandAndrs Bonifacio). He died in Manila in 1986 due to health reasons.

EducationHe took up Engineering at theUniversity of the Philippines and later, at theUniversity ofKansaswhere he received his Bachelor's Degree in Civil Engineering. He then studied

Architecture at theFontainebleau School of Fine Arts,in France upon the recommendation of Jean JacquesHaffner, one of his professors at the Harvard Graduate School of Architecture.

Later Career as an Architect

Nakpil worked inAndres Luna de San Pedro's architectural firm (1928), and Don Gonzalo Puyat & Sons;eventually opening his own architectural firm in 1930. Among Nakpil's works areSan Carlos Seminary,Geronimo
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de los Reyes Building, Iglesia ni Cristo Riverside Locale (Now F. Manalo, San Juan), Magsaysay Building, RizaTheater, Capitol Theater, Captain Pepe Building, Manila Jockey Club, Rufino Building, Philippine VillageHotel,University of the Philippines Administration and University Library, and theRizal Shrine inCalamba, LagunaHe also designed the International Eucharistic Congress altar and improved theQuiapo Church in 1930 byerecting a dome and a second belfry. He was hailed as aNational Artist for Architecture in 1973.

Projects of Arch. Juan Nakpil

Church

San Carlos Seminary Interior Design ofQuiapo Church (1930) Iglesia ni Cristo Riverside Local (now F. Manalo) Altar of the International Eucharistic Congress in Luneta, Manila, 1937

Theater

Gaiety Theater, Manila (now inactive) Rizal Theater (now demolished and now replaced and occupied by Shangri-La Hotel Makati City in

1993) Capitol Theater (now inactive) University of the Philippines Theater and carillon tower

Other Establishments

Arellano University Building Magsaysay Bldg. Geronimo Delos Reyes Bldg. Capitan Pepe Bldg. Manila Jockey Club Philippine Village Hotel (now inactive, closed in 2000) University of the Philippines Administration & Library University of the Philippines, Administration Building aka "Quezon Hall"

Rizal Shrine Gala-Rodriguez Ancestral House University of the Philippines Los Baos Old Humanities Building

Manila Jockey Club Quezon Institute, Quezon City
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Capitol Theater, Manila

Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office, Quezon City

Andres Luna de San Pedro

Also Known As: "Luling"

Birthdate: estimated between 1867 and 1923

Birthplace: Paris, Paris, le-de-France, FranceDeath: (Date and location unknown)

ImmediateFamily:

Son ofJuan Luna andPaz Pardo de TaveraHusband ofGrace McRaeBrother ofMaria de la Paz Luna

Managed by: Miguel Carlos Obispo Ongpin

Last Updated: April 7, 2015

Biography

Andres Luna de San Pedro was born on september 9, 1887 in the French capital Paris.His parents were

Paz Pardo de Tavera, sister ofTrinidad Pardo de Tavera and painterJuan Luna.Andres grew up in Paris until he

was six years old and his father on 22 september 1892 shot dead his mother and mother-in-law. He was

acquitted by a French court in early February, because it concerned acrime of passion and left with Andres

the following week to Spain. After spending six months in Barcelona and Paris they travelled by boat along with

Andres ' uncleAntonio Luna to the Philippines, where they arrived inManila on May 24, 1894.
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After returning to the Philippines from 1920 to 1924 he was chief architect of the city of Manila. The

designs of Luna de San Pedro were either modernist or revivalistisch of style. Many of his modernist buildings are

lost in theSecond World War . One such example was The Crystal Arcade, a building with shops and

offices. Examples of buildings of his hand in the revivalistische style are the Legarda Elementary School (1922),

the home of Alfonso Zobel Roxas Street and Padre Faura Street, to the Paul Church to the Vicente San

Marcelino Street (1930) and the House of Rafael Fernandez to Arlegui Street, that after 1986 was used as officia

residence by presidentCorazon Aquino.

Luna de San Pedro gave in addition to his work as an architect also taught at the University and wasalso president of the Philippine Institute of Architects. In 1949, he was awarded the Gold Medal of Merit as the

first architect of the Philippine Institute of Architects (PIA).

Luna died in 1952 at the age of 64. He was married to Grace v. Mcrae.

Crystal Arcade

The Crystal Arcade was one of the most modern buildings locatedalong the Escolta, the country's then premier business district. Built on the landowned by the Pardo de Tavera family, an illustrious Filipino family of Spanishand Poruguese lineage, the modern building was designed by the great

Andrs Luna de San Pedro, a scion of the latter. The Crystal Arcade wasdesigned in the art deco style, a style prevalent in the 1920s to the 1940s. It wasto be one of Luna's masterpieces, with the building finish resembled that of agleaming crystal.

Legarda Elementary School, Manila Perez-Samanillo Building, Manila

Regina Building, Manila Lizares Mansion, Jaro, Iloilo
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Fernando H. Ocampo

Fernando Hizon Ocampo (August 7, 18971984) wasaFilipinoArchitect andCivil Engineer.

Biography

He was born on August 7, 1897, inSan Fernando, Pampanga,he was the son of Dr. Basilio Ocampo and Leoncia Hizon. OneofManila's renowned architects, Ocampo was educated attheAteneo de Manila A.B., in 1914;University of Santo Tomas,CivilEngineering, 1919; andUniversity of Pennsylvania,Bachelor ofArchitecture, 1921. Following his graduation from the University ofPennsylvania, he worked in the office of Mr.Emile Perrot,an architectinPhiladelphia,and then spent two years traveling in Europe, givingparticular attention to architectural designs. Returning to Manila he

was for four years an assistant architect in theBureau of PublicWorks.In 1927 he became associated with architectTomasArguelles and established Arguelles and Ocampo, architects.

Many of Manila's finest business buildings andresidences attest to Ocampo's ability as an architect andengineer. Among these are theManila Cathedral;UST CentralSeminary;the Arguelles, Paterno (later became Far Eastern AirTransport Inc. orFEATI),Ayala,Cu Unjieng and Cu Unjieng andFernandez buildings; theAssumption Academy of Pampanga,the North Syquia and Admiral Apartments in Malate, and theresidence of Mr. Joaquin Baltazar, the latter having taken thefirst prize in the 1930 beautiful home contest. He also designedthe Calvo Building at Escolta, Manila in 1938 and the Eugenio

Lopez "Boat House" at Iloilo City in 1936.

In 1929 and 1930 Ocampo was a member of the Board of Examiners for Architects in Manilaand in addition to his private practice he became a member of the faculty of the School ofArchitecture at theUniversity of Santo Tomas,Manila.

One of Ocampo's children was renowned basketball player and coachEd Ocampo (1938-1992).Angela Apartments, Malate Manila Cathedral (Reconstructed)

Born Fernando Hizon OcampoAugust 7, 1897

San Fernando,Pampanga,Philippines

Died 1984

Nationality Filipino

Alma mater Ateneo de Manila UniversityUniversity of PennsylvaniaUniversity of Santo Tomas


Spouse(s) Lourdes Magdangal Luciano

Children Ed Ocampo(19381992)

Parent(s) Basilio OcampoLeoncia Hizon
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Pablo S. Antonio

Pablo Sebero Antonio (January 25, 1901 June 14, 1975)[1] wasaFilipinoarchitect. A pioneer of modernPhilippine architecture,[2]he wasrecognized in some quarters as the foremost Filipino modernist architect of histime. He was conferred the rank and title ofNational Artist of thePhilippines byPresidentFerdinand Marcos in 1976.

Early life

Antonio was born inBinondo, Manila in 1901. He wasorphaned by the ageof 12, and had to work in the daytime in order to finish his high school education atnight. He studied architecture at theMapua Institute of Technology but droppedout of school.

Ramon Arevalo, the engineer in charge of the Legislative Building project,funded Antonio's education at theUniversity of London.He completed afive-year architecture course in three years, graduating in 1927.

WorksAntonio first came into prominence in 1933 with the construction

of theIdeal Theater along Avenida Rizal inManila. His work caught theeye of the founder of theFar Eastern Universityin Manila,Nicanor ReyesSr.,who was looking to build a school campus that was modern in styleBetween 1938 to 1950, he designed several buildings on the universitycampus in theArt Deco style. The FEU campus is considered as the largesensemble of surviving Art Deco architecture in Manila, and in 2005, ireceived an Honorable Mention citation from theUNESCO for the body's2005 Asia-Pacific Heritage Awards for Culture Heritage Conservation.

Antonio also designed theWhite Cross Orphanage (1938) alongSantolan Road inSan Juan City,and the Manila Polo Club (1950) inMakatCity.[3] He likewise designed the Ramon Roces Publications Building (nowGuzman Institute of Electronics) in Soler Street in Manila, the Capitan LuisGonzaga Building (1953), and the Boulevard-Alhambra (now called Bel-Air) Apartments Building in Roxas Boulevard & where Manila Bay Hostel islocated on the 4th floor. The art deco apartment is near T. M. KalawAvenue & beside Miramar Hotel. It was built in 1937.

Apart from the Ideal Theater, Antonio also designed several other theaters in Manila, including theDalisay, Forum, Galaxy,Life (1941), Lyric andScala Theaters. As of 2014, only the Forum, Life and Scala Theatersremain standing; though the Forum and Scala Theaters have been gutted.

AppreciationAntonio's architecture and its adoption of Art Deco techniques was radical for its day, neoclassicism

being the dominant motif of Philippine architecture when he began his career. His style was noted for its

simplicity and clean structural design. He was cited for taking Philippine architecture into a new direction, with"clean lines, plain surfaces, and bold rectangular masses." Antonio strove to make each building uniqueavoiding obvious trademarks.

Antonio was also conscious of adapting his buildings to the tropical climate of the Philippines. In order tohighlight natural light and also avoid rain seepage, he utilized sunscreens, slanted windows and other devices.

Born Pablo SeberoAntonioJanuary 25, 1901Binondo, Manila

Died June 14,1975 (aged 74)Manila, Philippines


Alma mater University of London


Awards National Artist of thePhilippines(1976)

Buildings Ideal Theater,LifeTheater,Manila Polo Club

Projects Far EasternUniversity Campus
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Antonio himself has been quoted as stating that "buildings should be planned with austerity in mind andits stability forever as the aim of true architecture, that buildings must be progressive, simple in design butdignified, true to a purpose without resorting to an applied set of aesthetics and should eternally recreate truth.

When he was named National Artist of the Philippines in 1976, he was only the second architect sohonored, after his contemporary,Juan Nakpil.Death

Pablo Antonio died on June 14, 1975 in Manila, Philippines.

Far Eastern University, Manila Life Theater

Galaxy Theater Boulevard-Alhambra Apartments (Bel Air)
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Tomas B. Mapua

Toms Bautista Mapa (December 21, 1888 - December 22, 1965) was anarchitect, educator and businessman from thePhilippines.He was the founder and firstpresident of theMapa Institute of Technology (MIT) after he established the school onFebruary 25, 1925.[2] He was the first registered architect in the Philippines and firstworked at the Philippine Bureau of Public Works. He later established his ownconstruction company, the MYT Construction Works, Inc.

Biography

Tomas Mapua was born to Juan Mapua and Justina Bautista on December 21,1888 in Manila. His education started at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila and at the

Liceo de Manila. In 1903, he was sent to theUnited States tocomplete his high school education and college education as oneof the pensionado students of the United States. The 1903Pensionado Law awarded university scholarships to the US for FilipinoexemplaryFilipino students. In exchange, they agreed to work onlocal government construction projects.[4] He completed his

secondary education at the Boones Preparatory School inBerkeleyCalifornia and obtained his architecture degree atCornelUniversity inIthaca, New York.

Upon his return to the Philippines, he joined the Bureau ofPublic Works where he initially worked as a draftsman in the agencyfrom 1912 to 1917. He was later appointed as the supervisingarchitect for the Bureau from 1917 to 1928. He spearheaded manygovernment projects including thePhilippine GeneraHospital Nurses Home,[1] Psychopathic Building (National MentaHospital) and the School for the Deaf and Blind. He also designedtheManila Central Post Office Building inErmita, Manila. Tomasbecame known for his great contributions in the field ofarchitecture.

Around 1920, Mapua joined the competition for the design of the new school building initiated bytheLa Sallian Brothers.He won the competition against nine other entries and was awarded with a prize ofP5,000.00.[5] (The building, St La Salle Hall, was the only structure from the Philippines to be included in thecoffee table book, "1001 Buildings You Must See Before You Die: The World's Architectural Masterpieces,"authored by Mark Irving and published by Quintessence Books in 2007.)

He was also one of the first councilors of the City of Manila. He co-founded and became one of thepresidents of the Philippine Institute of Architects. After retiring from public life, he eventually went back to theprivate sector. Aside from MIT, he led his own construction firm called MYT Construction Works, Inc. His designsfor private homes had also been adjudged as among Manilas beautiful houses before World War II.

Personal life

Mapua married Rita Moya on November 3, 1916. They have three children named Carmen, Oscar, andGloria. He died on December 22, 1965 at the age of 77 in Manila.

His son Oscar continued his legacy in education by assuming the presidency of the Mapua Institute ofTechnology after his death in 1965. Oscar served as the Institutes president until his demise on March 17, 1998.

Born Toms Bautista MapaDecember 21, 1888Binondo, Manila

Died December 22, 1965 (aged 77)Manila, Philippines


Alma mater Cornell University


Spouse(s) Rita Mapua, ne Moya

Children Carmen, Oscar and Gloria

Parent(s) Juan Mapua and Justina Bautista

Buildings Mapua Mansion,Librada AvelinoHall (Centro Escolar University)[1]

Design Manila Central Post Office,St. LaSalle Hall
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map%C3%BAa_Institute_of_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Map%C3%BAa#cite_note-nellist-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Map%C3%BAa#cite_note-villalon-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley,_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley,_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornell_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornell_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ithaca,_New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_General_Hospitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_General_Hospitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Map%C3%BAa#cite_note-weebly-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Central_Post_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermita,_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_La_Salle_Brothers_Philippine_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Map%C3%BAa#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_La_Salle_Hallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binondo,_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila,_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornell_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapua_Mansionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_Escolar_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Map%C3%BAa#cite_note-weebly-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Central_Post_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._La_Salle_Hallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._La_Salle_Hallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._La_Salle_Hallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._La_Salle_Hallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Central_Post_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Map%C3%BAa#cite_note-weebly-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_Escolar_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapua_Mansionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornell_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila,_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binondo,_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_La_Salle_Hallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Map%C3%BAa#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_La_Salle_Brothers_Philippine_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermita,_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Central_Post_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Map%C3%BAa#cite_note-weebly-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_General_Hospitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_General_Hospitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ithaca,_New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornell_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornell_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley,_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley,_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Map%C3%BAa#cite_note-villalon-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Map%C3%BAa#cite_note-nellist-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map%C3%BAa_Institute_of_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines


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His son and Tomas's grandson, Architect Oscar Mapa Jr., succeeded him and was the Institutes executivevice president until December 1999 when the school was acquired by the Yuchengcos.

Awards

He was awarded a gold medal of honor and a certificate of recognition by the Philippine Institute ofArchitects. He also received a Cultural Award in Architecture by the City of Manila in 1964.

Legacy

Misericordia Street inSta. Cruz, Manila was renamed to Tomas Mapua Street in his honor.

St. La Salle Hall Librada Avelino Hall, CEU

Philippine General Hospital Nurses Home

Antonio M. Toledo

Along with Carlos Baretto, Juan Arellano, and Tomas Mapua,Antonio Toledo was one of the first Pensionados for Architecture Hegraduated with the Degree of Architecture at Ohio State in 1911.

Being educated in the US East Coast, he was influenced in the Neoclassicaland Beaux Arts styles and his outputs leaned towards these architecturaldesigns, which are evident in all of his major works for the Bureau of PublicWorks.

He started working for the Bureau of Public Works to work as a draftsman forWilliam Parsons in 1911.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sta._Cruz,_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sta._Cruz,_Manila


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He was promoted to supervising Architect in 1915 and became the Consulting Architect in 1938 until hisretirement in 1954.

As the consulting Architect of the Bureau of Public Works that time, he was sent by the government underPresident Roxas in a study mission to study the current trends in Architecture and Engineering for the planning ofthe new Capital City.

He was one of the pioneer professors of Mapua Institute of Technology founded by his fellow pensionado

Tomas Mapua and taught there until 1967.

He made buildings for the Burnham Plan that evokes the Manifest Destiny maxim of America in its colony in theOrient

Award

Philippine Institute of Architects Gold Medal of Merit Award, 1961

Buildings

National Museum of the Philippines

Leyte Provincial CapitolManila City HallCebu Provincial CapitolBureau of CustomsDepartment of Tourism Building

Manila City Hall Department of Tourism Building

Leyte Provincial Capitol


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Arcadio de Guzman Arellano

Place of birth: Tondo,Manila

Parents: Luis Arellano andBartola de Guzman

Spouse: Amalia Ocampo

Arcadio Arellano (13 November 187220 April 1920) was a notable architect who wasconsidered a pioneer during his time. He built famous edifices and the residential buildings of

the elite. In all his works, he departed from American and European designs and insteadincorporated Filipino native plants and motifs.

Early life and education

Arellano was born on 13 November 1872 inTondo,Manila.He was the third child in abrood of fifteen children. His father,Luis Arellano,was a native ofBulacan, Bulacan and was abuilder himself. The older Arellano built the Franciscan Church atPinaglabanan,San Juan,andwas also a consultant to Don Juan Hervas, the Spanish consulting architect, from 1887 to 1883

Arellano's mother wasBartola de Guzman.One of his uncles wasDeodato Arellano,the propagandist and firstpresident of theKatipunan.

He acquired his elementary education from schools inTondo.In 1892, he received his Bachelor of Artsdegree from theAteneo Municipal de Manila. He took further courses in business and maestro deobras (construction foreman) from the Escuela de Artes y Oficios where he graduated in 1895.

Involvement in the Philippine Revolution

Arellano served in the engineering corps and attained the rank of captain during the second stage ofthe Revolution. He was responsible for supervising the repairs made to theMalolos Convent in 1898. The MalolosConvent was used by the Revolutionary government during the Revolution.

Government Service During the American Regime

Arellano also supervised the assessments inIntramuros,Manila as ordered by theSchurman Commission

By 1901, he became technical director of general assessment for the whole city. He was also able to workclosely with Governor W. H. Taft as his private consulting architect.

On 15 February 1907, he represented the district of Santa Cruz in the advisory board of Manila,holdingthe position until 1 July 1908. He was then appointed member of the municipal board on 8 May 1909 andstayed in the same position until the end of the year. He was appointed board member anew on 18 Octobe1913 until he resigned on 6 May 1915.

On 8 October 1915, he was tasked by the government to prepare the plans and specifications for theconstruction of a monument for the heroes of 1896 under Act 2494. He finished the project a year later.Among the important ordinances he helped draft while being both adviser and councilman were thefollowing:

The punishment of gambling; Awarding of a prize to the inventor of an inexpensive fire-proof roofing material; Revision of the light and power rates; and, Recovery of lands alongTondo beach. He took part in preparing the building code for Manila and worked withSergio Osmea in planning the

construction of a monument for Filipino heroes.

Known Architectural Works
http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Tondohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Manilahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Luis_Arellano&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Bartola_de_Guzman&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Amalia_Ocampo&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Tondohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Manilahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Luis_Arellano&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Bulacanhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Pinaglabanan&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/San_Juanhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Bartola_de_Guzman&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Deodato_Arellanohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Katipunanhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Tondohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Ateneohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Malolos_Convent&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Intramuroshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Manilahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Schurman_Commissionhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Manilahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Tondohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1ahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1ahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Tondohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Manilahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Schurman_Commissionhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Manilahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Intramuroshttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Malolos_Convent&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Ateneohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Tondohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Katipunanhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Deodato_Arellanohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Bartola_de_Guzman&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/San_Juanhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Pinaglabanan&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Bulacanhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Bulacanhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Luis_Arellano&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Manilahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Tondohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Amalia_Ocampo&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Bartola_de_Guzman&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Luis_Arellano&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Manilahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Tondo


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Residential Buildings:

Gregorio Aranetas home on R. Hidalgo Street Ariston Bautistas residence on Barbosa Street Gonzalo Tuazons home Commercial and Industrial Buildings El 82 The former Hotel de Francia

Carmelo & Bauermann building Gota de Leche on Lepanto Street Casino Espaol on Taft Avenue

Others

Mausoleum of the veterans of the Revolution Legarda crypt at North Cemetery

Affiliations

Philippine Academy of Engineering, Architecture, and Land Surveying Club Popular

Club Nacionalista Property Owners Association of Manila Philippine Chamber of Commerce Manila Merchants Association

Personal Life

Arellano was said to have been a well-dressed and well-groomed man who loved taking care of horseshogs, and poultry. He also loved music and sang in a tenor voice. He collected paintings as well.He was married toAmalia Ocampo,daughter ofMartin Ocampo,who was the owner of the publications ERenacimiento and Muling Pagsilang. They had nine children, namely: Luis, Araceli, Natividad, Irma, FrinArturo, Raul, Otilio, and Elsa.He died on 20 April 1920.

Mousoleo de los Veteranos Gota de Leche, Manila
http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Amalia_Ocampo&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Martin_Ocampo&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Martin_Ocampo&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Amalia_Ocampo&action=edit&redlink=1


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Ralph Doane

Executive Building , Malacaang Pangasinan Provincial Capitol, Lingayen

Pangasinan Provincial Capitol, Lingayen


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Edgar K. Bourne

Bureau of Science &Insular Laboratory Insular Ice Plant and Cold Storage,

Portal, Insular Ice Plant and Cold Storage


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Glossary

Alexander Jackson DavisStrickland designed Philadelphia's Merchants' Exchange (1832-34), complete

with an impressive lantern modelled on the Choragic Monument of Lysicrates in Athens, Greece.

Ancient pottery- Pottery, also called ceramics orceramic art - the creation of objects, mainly cooking

or storage vessels, made out of clay and then hardened by heat - was the first functional art to emerge

during the Upper Paleolithic, afterbody painting.

Ancestoror forebear is aparent or (recursively) the parent of an ancestor (i.e., agrandparent,greatgrandparent, great-great-grandparent, and so forth).Ancestoris "any person from whom one is

descended. In law the person from whom an estate has been inherited."

Andrea PalladioOne of Jefferson's most famous designs was for Monticello House (1769-1809) now a

UNESCO World Heritage site. Based on the central-plan buildings of the Italian Renaissance architect

Andres Luna de San Pedrowas born on september 9, 1887 in the French capital Paris.His parents were

Paz Pardo de Tavera, sister ofTrinidad Pardo de Tavera and painterJuan Luna.Andres grew up in Paris

until he was six years old and his father on 22 september 1892 shot dead his mother and mother-in-

law. He was acquitted by a French court in early February, because it concerned acrime o

passion and left with Andres the following week to Spain. After spending six months in Barcelona and

Paris they travelled by boat along with Andres ' uncleAntonio Luna to the Philippines, where they

arrived inManila on May 24, 1894. Anthropogeny is the study ofhuman origins[disambiguation needed]. It is not simply a synonym forhuman

evolution bynatural selection, which is only a part of the processes involved in human origins. Many

other factors besides biologicalevolution were involved, ranging over climatic, geographic, ecological

social, and cultural ones.Anthropogenesis,meaning the process or point of becoming human, is also

calledhominization.

Archaeology, orarcheology,[1]is the study ofhuman activity in the past, primarily through the recovery

andanalysis of thematerial culture and environmental data that has been left behind by past human

populations, which includesartifacts,architecture,biofacts(also known as eco-facts) andcultura

landscapes (thearchaeological record). Because archaeology employs a wide range of different

procedures, it can be considered to be both asocial science and ahumanity,[2]and in theUnitedStates, it is thought of as a branch ofanthropology,[3]although inEurope, it is viewed as a separate

discipline.

Bamboo is atribe offloweringperennialevergreen plants in the grass familyPoaceae

subfamilyBambusoideae, tribe Bambuseae; although, the forestry services and departments of many

countries where bamboo is utilized as a building material consider bamboo to be a forestry product

and it is specifically harvested as a tree exclusively for the wood it produces, which in many ways is a

wood superior in strength and resilience to other natural, fibrous building materials. In fact it is often

referred to as a tree by cultures who harvest it as wood.Giant bamboos are the largest members of the

grass family. In bamboos, the internodal regions of thestem are hollow and thevascular bundles in the

cross section are scattered throughout the stem instead of in a cylindrical arrangement.

Thedicotyledonouswoodyxylem is also absent. The absence of secondary growth wood causes thestems ofmonocots,even ofpalms and large bamboos, to be columnar rather than tapering.

Benjamin Latrobe(1764-1820), trained in England by the innovative architect Samuel Pepys Cockerell,

was a leading exponent of the Greek revival style of Neoclassical architecture, and was a strong

advocate of stylistic purity. In 1801 he designed the Bank of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, the first

example of Greek Revival architecture in the United States. It was an austere building modelled on a

Greek Ionic temple with porticoes around a central domed space. Latrobe's creativity extended to the

smallest details of such buildings; to give one example, in presenting Corinthian capitals he replaced
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ecordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_landscapeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_landscapeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofact_(archaeology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeology#cite_note-Society_for_American_Archaeology-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropogenesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_selectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_evolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_evolutionhttp://dispenser.homenet.org/~dispenser/cgi-bin/dab_solver.py?page=Anthropogeny&editintro=Template:Disambiguation_needed/editintro&client=Template:Dnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_originshttp://www.microsofttranslator.com/bv.aspx?from=nl&to=en&a=http%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FManillahttp://www.microsofttranslator.com/bv.aspx?from=nl&to=en&a=http%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAntonio_Luna_(generaal)http://www.microsofttranslator.com/bv.aspx?from=nl&to=en&a=http%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCrime_passionnelhttp://www.microsofttranslator.com/bv.aspx?from=nl&to=en&a=http%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCrime_passionnelhttp://www.microsofttranslator.com/bv.aspx?from=nl&to=en&a=http%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJuan_Lunahttp://www.microsofttranslator.com/bv.aspx?from=nl&to=en&a=http%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTrinidad_Pardo_de_Taverahttp://www.microsofttranslator.com/bv.aspx?from=nl&to=en&a=http%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FParijshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great-grandparenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great-grandparenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandparenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parenthttp://www.visual-arts-cork.com/painting/body.htmhttp://www.visual-arts-cork.com/ceramics.htmhttp://www.visual-arts-cork.com/pottery.htm


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the classical acanthus leaves with the more American tobacco or corn leaves. In 1803, Jefferson

appointed him Surveyor of the Public Buildings of the United States, giving him the task of directing the

construction of the United States Capitol. However, the design for the Baltimore Basilica (18061821), the

first Roman Catholic Cathedral in America, is considered to be his masterpiece. He also completed a

number of houses, including: Adena in Chillicothe, Ohio, the Decatur House in Washington DC, and the

Pope Villa in Lexington, Kentucky.

Colonialism is the establishment, exploitation, maintenance, acquisition, and expansion of colony in

one territory by a political power from another territory. It is a set of unequal relationships between the

colonial power and thecolony and often between the colonists and theindigenous population. Construction Is the process of preparing for and formingbuildings and building systems. Construction

starts with planning, design, and financing and continues until the structure is ready for occupancy.

Construction aggregate,or simply "aggregate", is a broad category of coarse particulate material used

inconstruction, includingsand,gravel,crushed stone,slag, recycled concrete and geosynthetic

aggregates.

Convey-Transport or carry to a place.

Curtain Walls Is defined as thin, usually aluminum-framed wall, containing in-fills of glass, metal panels

or thin stone. The framing is attached to the building structure and does not carry the floor or roof loads

of the building.

CurbA stone or concrete edging to a street or path. Fernando Hizon Ocampo(August 7, 18971984) was aFilipinoArchitect andCivil Engineer. Filling A quantity of material that fills or is used to fill something.

Furnishingsfurniture, fittings, and other decorative accessories, such as curtains and carpets, for a house

or room.

Gauge -An instrument or device for measuring the magnitude, amount, or contents of something

typically with a visual display of such information.

Glaze Which derives from theMiddle English for 'glass', is a part of awall orwindow, made

ofglass.Glazing also describes the work done by a professional "glazier".

Indigenous peoples are those groups specially protected in international or national legislation as

having a set of specific rights based on their historical ties to a particularterritory,and their cultural o

historical distinctiveness from other populations.[1]The legislation is based on the conclusion that certainindigenous people are vulnerable to exploitation, marginalization and oppression by nation states

formed from colonising populations or by politically dominant, different ethnic groups.

Juan F. Nakpil(May 26, 1899 May 7, 1986) was aFilipino architect, teacher and a community leader

In 1973, he was named one of theNational Artists for architecture, and tapped as the Dean of Filipino

Architects.

Juan Marcos Arellano y de Guzmn (April 25, 1888 December 5, 1960), or Juan M. Arellano, wasaFilipinoarchitect, best known forManila'sMetropolitan Theater (1935),Legislative Building (1926; nowhouses theNational Museum of the Philippines), theManila Central Post Office Building (1926),theCentral Student Church (today known as the Central United Methodist Church, 1932) theNegrosOccidental Provincial Capitol (1936), the Cebu Provincial Capitol (1937), the Bank of the Philippine

Islands Cebu Main Branch (1940),Misamis Occidental Provincial Capitol Building (1935) and theJonesBridge.

Limeis acalcium-containinginorganic material in

whichcarbonates,oxides andhydroxides predominate. Strictly speaking, lime iscalcium

oxide orcalcium hydroxide.It is also the name of the naturalmineral (native lime) CaO which occurs as

a product ofcoal seam fires and in alteredlimestonexenoliths involcanic ejecta.[1]The word "lime

originates with its earliest use as building mortar and has the sense of "sticking or adhering."[2]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peopleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buildinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buildinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregate_(composite)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregate_(composite)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregate_(composite)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crushed_stonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Engineerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glazierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples#cite_note-Coates-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples#cite_note-Coates-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples#cite_note-Coates-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Artist_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Metropolitan_Theaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Congress_Building,_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Central_Post_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negros_Occidentalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negros_Occidentalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebu_Provincial_Capitolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misamis_Occidentalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jones_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jones_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_hydroxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_seam_firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenolithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_%28material%29#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_%28material%29#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_%28material%29#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_%28material%29#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_%28material%29#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_%28material%29#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_%28material%29#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_%28material%29#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenolithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_seam_firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_hydroxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jones_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jones_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misamis_Occidentalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebu_Provincial_Capitolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negros_Occidentalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negros_Occidentalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Central_Post_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Congress_Building,_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Metropolitan_Theaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Artist_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples#cite_note-Coates-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glazierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Engineerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crushed_stonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregate_(composite)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buildinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peopleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony


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Masonry Is the building of structures from individual units laid in and bound together by mortar; the

term masonry can also refer to the units themselves. The common materials of masonry construction

arebrick,stone,marble,granite,travertine,limestone,cast stone,concrete

block,glass block,stucco,tile,andcob.

Obelisk erected in honour of George Washington, America's first President, it was designed in 1838

by Robert Mills(1781-1855). Standing approximately 555 feet (169 metres) tall, it was finished in 1884 and

opened to the public in 1888.

Richard Morris Hunt(1827-95) - often called the Dean of American architecture - became the first

American architectural student at theEcole des Beaux-Arts in Paris.

Stucco- Is used as an exterior cement plaster wall covering. It is usually a mix of sand, Portland cement,

lime and water, but may also consist of a proprietary mix of additives including fibers and synthetic

acrylics that add strength and flexibility

TerazzoIs a composite material, poured in place or precast, which is used for floor and wall treatments.

It consists ofmarble,quartz,granite,glass,or other suitable chips, sprinkled or unsprinkled, and poured

with a binder that iscementitious (for chemical binding),polymeric (for physical binding), or a

combination of both.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortar_(masonry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travertinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cast_stonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_blockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_blockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuccohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cob_(material)http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/architecture/richard-morris-hunt.htmhttp://www.visual-arts-cork.com/architecture/richard-morris-hunt.htmhttp://www.visual-arts-cork.com/education/ecole-des-beaux-arts-paris.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cementitioushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cementitioushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marblehttp://www.visual-arts-cork.com/education/ecole-des-beaux-arts-paris.htmhttp://www.visual-arts-cork.com/architecture/richard-morris-hunt.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cob_(material)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuccohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_blockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_blockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cast_stonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travertinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortar_(masonry)


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Alcazaren, Paulo (12 Nov 2005), "Juan M de Guzman Arellano : Renaissance Man", ThePhilippine Star.

National Historical Commission of the Philippines: JUAN MARCOS G. ARELLANO (1888-1960)Outstanding Architect

"Francisco Maosa "manosa, 2004.(Accessed on 28 August 2007) "Recognition of Filipino Artists." (Accessed on 28 August 2007) "Francisco Maosa and Partners." Manosa.com. (Accessed 29 July 2009) Burgonio, TJ."Arroyo names 7 National Artists for 09."Inquirer.net. (Accessed 29 July 2009) http://historyofarchitecture.weebly.com/gabaldon-schoolhouses.html Culture Profile: Juan F. Nakpil. National Commission for Culture and Arts Official Website.

(accessed on 16 July 2007) Nellist, G., Men of the Philippines : a biographical record of men of substantial achievement in

the Philippines, Manila. 1931. http://viewsfromthepampang.blogspot.com/2010/12/227-edgardo-ed-l-ocampo-

basketball.html Andres Luna de San Pedro". Arkitekturang Pilipino.http://bit.ly/122r2K1.Date accessed: 10 Feb

2013 Miller, Lucy (2010). Glimpses of Old Cebu: Images of the Colonial Era. Cebu City:University of San Carlos Press. pp. 5052.ISBN978-971-539-020-0. Mendoza, Guillermo. (1973). "Pioneer in Philippine Architecture." The National Artists of the

Philippines. Pasig City: Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) and Anvil Publishing. 1998. "The National Artists of the Philippines: Juan F. Napkil".National Commission for Culture and the

Arts. Retrieved 19 March2012. Rodrigo D. Perez (1994). "Philippine Architecture". InNicanor Tiongson.CCP Encyclopedia of

Philippine Art III (1st ed.). Manila:Cultural Center of the Philippines.p. 298.ISBN971-8546-26-X. abs-cbnnews.com, Bandila: National Artist makes the 'bahay kubo' become a mansion gmanews.tv/video,Mel and Joey: Bahay Kubong Mansiyon, 29 June 2008 Dewey, George (2003)."The Battle of Manila Bay".Archives:Eyewitness Accounts. The War

Times Journal. Retrieved 2014-06-15. Sulpicio, ed. (2005),"Philippi

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Filipino Architects During The American Regime