Filter DesignGuide - Keysightliterature.cdn.keysight.com/.../ads2004a/pdf/dgfilter.pdfiii Contents 1 Filter DesignGuide QuickStart Using DesignGuides 1-2 Accessing the Documentation

Filter DesignGuide

September 2004

Notice

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

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Copyright © 1998-2004, Agilent Technologies. All Rights Reserved.

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Contents1 Filter DesignGuide QuickStart

Using DesignGuides................................................................................................. 1-2Accessing the Documentation............................................................................ 1-3

Guide to Filter Documentation.................................................................................. 1-4Step-by-Step Example.............................................................................................. 1-5

Create a New Schematic.................................................................................... 1-5Open the DesignGuide Control Window............................................................. 1-5Design and Analyze a Lowpass Filter ................................................................ 1-5Analyze Sensitivities of the Lowpass Filter......................................................... 1-7

Accessing the DesignGuide ..................................................................................... 1-9Menu Access...................................................................................................... 1-11Control Window Access...................................................................................... 1-11SmartComponent Palette Access ...................................................................... 1-12Design Flow........................................................................................................ 1-12Use of SmartComponents .................................................................................. 1-13Automated-Assistants......................................................................................... 1-14

2 How Do I?How Do I Topics........................................................................................................ 2-1How Do I Use SmartComponents? .......................................................................... 2-2

Place .................................................................................................................. 2-2Copy/Edit ............................................................................................................ 2-2Delete ................................................................................................................. 2-2Stand Alone Usage ............................................................................................ 2-2Specific SmartComponent Properties ................................................................ 2-2

SmartComponent Manipulation Answers ................................................................. 2-3How Do I Design (Synthesize) SmartComponents?................................................. 2-6

Design ................................................................................................................ 2-6SmartComponent Design Answers .......................................................................... 2-6How Do I Simulate (Analyze) SmartComponents?................................................... 2-8

Simulation (Analysis) .......................................................................................... 2-8SmartComponent Simulation Answers..................................................................... 2-8How Do I Analyze SmartComponent Sensitivity?..................................................... 2-10SmartComponent Sensitivity Answers ..................................................................... 2-10How Do I Display Simulation (Analysis) Results?..................................................... 2-12Simulation Display Answers ..................................................................................... 2-12

3 SmartComponentsSmartComponent Basics.......................................................................................... 3-1

Placing SmartComponents................................................................................. 3-1

iii

Copying SmartComponents ............................................................................... 3-2Editing SmartComponents ................................................................................. 3-3Deleting SmartComponents ............................................................................... 3-3

Design, Analysis, and Sensitivity.............................................................................. 3-4Standalone SmartComponent Usage....................................................................... 3-5

4 Filter AssistantFilter Assistant Operation ......................................................................................... 4-1

Impedances........................................................................................................ 4-1Order .................................................................................................................. 4-2Design Information ............................................................................................. 4-2Response Type................................................................................................... 4-2Frequency........................................................................................................... 4-2Attenuation ......................................................................................................... 4-3Realizations........................................................................................................ 4-3Design ................................................................................................................ 4-3

5 Simulation AssistantSimulation Assistant Operation ................................................................................ 5-5

Simulation Frequency Sweep............................................................................. 5-6Automatically Display Results............................................................................. 5-6Starting the Simulation ....................................................................................... 5-6

Simulation Templates ............................................................................................... 5-6

6 Sensitivity AssistantSensitivity Assistant Operation ................................................................................. 6-1

Simulation Frequency Sweep............................................................................. 6-2Sensitivity Sweep ............................................................................................... 6-2Automatically Display Results............................................................................. 6-3Starting the Simulation ....................................................................................... 6-3

Sensitivity Templates ................................................................................................ 6-3

7 Display AssistantDisplay Template Features ....................................................................................... 7-1

Basic Layout ....................................................................................................... 7-2Typical Area One Graph ..................................................................................... 7-2Typical Area Two Graphs.................................................................................... 7-3Typical Area Three Templates ............................................................................ 7-3

Display Assistant Operation...................................................................................... 7-4Opening a Display .............................................................................................. 7-4

Display Templates..................................................................................................... 7-5

8 Lumped to Distributed Element TransformationsAccessing the Transformation Assistant ................................................................... 8-7

iv

Transformation Assistant Operation.......................................................................... 8-8Selecting a Transformation Type ........................................................................ 8-8Component Selection ......................................................................................... 8-10Transformation Buttons....................................................................................... 8-10Changing Component Type................................................................................ 8-10Transmission Line Types .................................................................................... 8-11

Additional Transformation Functions ........................................................................ 8-11Unit Element ....................................................................................................... 8-11Characteristic Impedance................................................................................... 8-11Add Transmission Lines...................................................................................... 8-12Microstrip Substrate ........................................................................................... 8-12

TLine to TLine Transforms (Kuroda Identities).......................................................... 8-12Microstrip Transforms ............................................................................................... 8-12

9 SmartComponent ReferenceSmartComponent List............................................................................................... 9-1LCLowpassDT (Doubly Terminated Lowpass Filter)................................................. 9-2LCHighpassDT (Doubly Terminated Highpass Filter)............................................... 9-5LCBandpassDT (Doubly Terminated Bandpass Filter)............................................. 9-7LCBandstopDT (Doubly Terminated Bandstop Filter) .............................................. 9-10LCLowpassST (Singly Terminated Lowpass Filter) .................................................. 9-13LCHighpassST (Singly Terminated Highpass Filter) ................................................ 9-16LCBandpassST (Singly Terminated Bandpass Filter) .............................................. 9-19LCBandstopST (Singly Terminated Bandstop Filter) ................................................ 9-22

Index

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Chapter 1: Filter DesignGuide QuickStartTheFilter QuickStart Guide provides an introduction to the content and use of the FilterDesignGuide. It contains:

• Section on using the DesignGuide

• Step-by-step example

• General concepts

The Filter DesignGuide provides SmartComponents and automated-assistants for the desisimulation, and performance analysis of common passive filters. Automated-assistants inclFilter Assistant, Simulation Assistant, Sensitivity Assistant and Display Assistant, which alloyou to quickly create and verify a design. All SmartComponents can be modified when seleYou simply select a SmartComponent and with little effort redesign or verify their performan

The complexity of the Advanced Design System (ADS) is made easily accessible through tautomated-assistants. This allows a first-time or casual ADS user to begin using the capabADS quickly, and experienced ADS users will be able to perform tasks faster than ever beforan example, a singly terminated bandstop elliptical filter can be designed, verified and a laygenerated in a few minutes saving the designer substantial time.

Note This manual is written describing and showing access through the cascading menupreference. If you are running the program through the selection dialog box method, theappearance and interface will be slightly different.

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Using DesignGuidesAll DesignGuides can be accessed in the Schematic window through either cascading mendialog boxes. You can configure your preferred method in the Advanced Design System Mawindow. Select theDesignGuidemenu.

The commands in this menu are as follows:

DesignGuide Studio Documentation > Developer Studio Documentation is only availableon this menu if you have installed the DesignGuide Developer Studio. It brings up theDesignGuide Developer Studio documentation. Another way to access the Developer Studdocumentation is by selectingHelp> Topics and Index> DesignGuides> DesignGuide DeveloperStudio(from any ADS program window).

DesignGuide Developer Studio > Start DesignGuide Studio is only available on this menu ifyou have installed the DesignGuide Developer Studio. It launches the initial Developer Studdialog box.

Add DesignGuide brings up a directory browser in which you can add a DesignGuide to yoinstallation. This is primarily intended for use with DesignGuides that are custom-built througDeveloper Studio.

List/Remove DesignGuide brings up a list of your installed DesignGuides. Select any that ywould like to uninstall and choose theRemove button.

Preferences brings up a dialog box that allows you to:

• Disable the DesignGuide menu commands (all except Preferences) in the Main windunchecking this box. In the Schematic and Layout windows, the complete DesignGuimenu and all of its commands will be removed if this box is unchecked.

• Select your preferred interface method (cascading menus vs. dialog boxes).

1-2 Using DesignGuides

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Close and restart the program for your preference changes to take effect.

Note On PC systems, Windows resource issues might limit the use of cascading menus. Wmultiple windows are open, your system could become destabilized. Thus the dialog box mstyle might be best for these situations.

Accessing the Documentation

To access the documentation for the DesignGuide, select either of the following:

• DesignGuide > Filter > Filter DesignGuide Documentation (from ADS Schematicwindow)

• Help > Topics and Index > DesignGuides > Filter (from any ADS program window)

Using DesignGuides 1-3


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Guide to Filter DocumentationThe chapters of this manual include the following:

1. Chapter 1, Filter DesignGuide QuickStart is the recommended starting point for users.Review this chapter for a quick overview of using this DesignGuide.

2. Chapter 2, How Do I? answers many common questions relating to DesignGuide use.

3. Chapter 3, SmartComponents explains how to use SmartComponents.

4. Chapter 4, Filter Assistant explains how to generate designs for Filter SmartComponen

5. Chapter 5, Simulation Assistant explains how to analyze SmartComponent designs.

6. Chapter 6, Sensitivity Assistant explains how to analyze SmartComponent sensitivity.

7. Chapter 7, Display Assistant explains how to display SmartComponent simulation result

8. Chapter 8, Lumped to Distributed Element Transformationsexplains how to Transform theSmartComponent lumped elements to equivalent distributed (transmission line) elem

9. Chapter 9, SmartComponent Reference describes each SmartComponent in detail.

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Step-by-Step ExampleThis example will take you step-by-step through the design, analysis and sensitivity simulata doubly terminated lowpass chebyshev filter. After completing this example, you should habasic understanding of the DesignGuide and be ready to begin using it.

Note This example is based on the assumption that you are familiar with the basic featureAdvanced Design System.

Create a New Schematic

A new schematic design is needed to contain the lowpass component for the following exerFollow these simple steps to create a new design named Example.

1. Open a new Schematic window.

2. Create a new Schematic (design). SelectFile > New from the Schematic window tocreate a design namedExample.

Open the DesignGuide Control Window

From theDesignGuide menu on the ADS Schematic window, selectFilter > Filter ControlWindow.

Design and Analyze a Lowpass Filter

A lowpass filter can easily be designed using the default component parameter settings. Fothese simple steps to design a lowpass filter.

1. Display the Filter DG - All Networks palette . (Refer to the section,“SmartComponentPalette Access” on page 1-12.)

2. Place a doubly terminated lowpass filter component (LowpassDT). Click theLowpassDT palette button, then click within the schematic window at the desired placelocation.

Step-by-Step Example 1-5


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3. Edit the LowpassDT component parameters . Select theLowpassDT component byselecting it in theSmartComponent drop-down list box on the control window.Select theFilter Assistant tab. Change the response type by selecting theResponse Type drop-downmenu box. ChooseChebyshev .

4. Design the LowpassDT component. On theFilter Assistant tab, click theDesignbutton. This will start the Filter Assistant and generate the design for the SmartComp

5. Examine the LowpassDT filter design. Select the componentLowpassDT and click thePush Into Hierarchy button on the schematic toolbar. After examining the design, popof the SmartComponent by clicking thePop Out of Hierarchy toolbar button.

6. Analyze (simulate) the lowpass filter. Select theSimulation Assistant tab page on thecontrol window and click theSimulate button (accept default frequency/displayspecifications). This will start the Simulation Assistant and analyze the SmartComponThe analysis results are shown here.

Push Into Hierarchy

Pop Out of Hierarchy

1-6 Step-by-Step Example

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7. Close the lowpass filter analysis results window. Close the display window bychoosingFile > Close Window from the menu.

Analyze Sensitivities of the Lowpass Filter

After the design process, the component sensitivities of the lowpass filter network can easichecked using theSensitivity Assistant .

1. Find components to analyze. Select theSensitivity Assistant tab page on the controlwindow. Choose the Add button that lies beneath theSelected Components list box. Thefilter network will be displayed in the schematic along with the following dialog box.

Step-by-Step Example 1-7


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2. Choose components . Choose theAdd button three times to include all the componentsthe network, then chooseDone .
3. Analyze sensitivities of the lowpass filter. In theSensitivity Assistant tab, click theSimulate button (accept default frequency/display specifications). This will start theSensitivity Assistant and analyze the selected network component sensitivities of theSmartComponent. The sensitivity analysis results are shown here.

1-8 Step-by-Step Example

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4. Close the lowpass filter sensitivity analysis results window. Close the displaywindow. SelectFile > Close Window from the menu.

5. Delete the LowpassDT SmartComponent. SelectTools > Delete SmartComponentfrom the DesignGuide control window menu.

Note This is different from theDelete button on the ADS schematic window toolbar.

Accessing the DesignGuideThe Filter DesignGuide is accessed from a Schematic window within ADS. First you must cor open a project. From the ADS main window, selectFile > New Projector File > Open Project,as shown here. For this example, create a new project calledQuickStart.

To open a Schematic window, selectWindow > New Schematic or click theNew SchematicWindow toolbar button.

A new Schematic window appears, as shown here. The DesignGuide features are accessethe menu, control window, and SmartComponent palettes. The Filter DesignGuide menu isavailable from the DesignGuide menu.

File Menu

New Schematic Window

Accessing the DesignGuide 1-9


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Note Depending on how your ADS preferences are set, a Schematic window may automatappear when you create or open a project.
1-10 Accessing the DesignGuide

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Menu Access

To access the DesignGuide features, from the Schematic window, selectDesignGuide > Filter .

Control Window Access

All DesignGuide features are available from the Control Window that houses menus, a toolbaSmartComponent manipulation controls. The window can be placed anywhere on the screeaccess the Control Window, select theFilter Control Windowsub-menu from theFilter menu. Themenus and toolbar buttons perform the basic functions for each automated Assistant (DesiSimulate, Sensitivity, Display) as well as display the SmartComponent palettes. Full featureavailable from each of the tab pages on the window. Explore each Automated Assistant tabby clicking on the tab at the top of each page. Explore the window menus as well to familiayourself with the basic DesignGuide capabilities.

The control window is closed by selectingFile > Exit DesignGuide from the control windowmenubar. The window may also be closed using the window close feature of the operating s(a button marked with anx at the top of the window).are designed to help you navigate multipschematic windows and SmartComponents. TheCurrent Schematicdrop-down list box allows youto select any of the currently opened schematic windows. This field is also updated any timeFilterControl Windowis selected from theFilter menu. TheSmartComponentdrop-down list box allowsyou to select any of the SmartComponents on the currently selected schematic window.

Fields and tabs on left side of Filter DesignGuide dialog box

Fields and tabs on right side of Filter DesignGuide dialog box



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SmartComponent Palette Access

The SmartComponent palettes are displayed by using the right button group in the control wtoolbar or from the control window menuView menu. (They can also be chosen from the paletlist box in the Schematic window toolbar.) TheFilter DG - All Networkspalette contains all of thefilter SmartComponents. A blue accent in the upper-left corner of a palette button indicatescomponent is a SmartComponent.

General ConceptsThere are two important general concepts: SmartComponents and Automated Assistants. TDesignGuide provides many passive SmartComponents such as doubly and singly terminafilters. SmartComponents contain specification parameters and a schematic representationdesign. SmartComponents are manipulated using several Automated Assistants. These asallow you to easily design and simulate the SmartComponents.

Design Flow

The use of the DesignGuide follows a normal design procedure:

1. Select a component needed for your design.

2. Provide specifications.

3. Design and analyze the component.

SmartComponent Setup

1. Choose and place a SmartComponent.

2. Edit the SmartComponent parameters (specifications).


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3. Design the SmartComponent using the FilterAssistant.

4. Analyze the SmartComponent’s performance using the SimulationAssistant.

5. Display the performance of the SmartComponent using the DisplayAssistant.

Use of SmartComponents

SmartComponents are smart sub-network designs that can be placed into a schematic. TheTerminated Lowpass Filter Component is shown here.

The components are placed in the schematic by selecting the desired SmartComponent fropalette and clicking at the point where you want them placed in the schematic. The desiredspecifications of the SmartComponent are entered by clicking on its parameters and changthem. Or a dialog box containing all parameters is available by double-clicking on theSmartComponent.

The SmartComponent design (schematic) can be viewed by pushing into the SmartComposubnetwork. A SmartComponent subnetwork is empty until the Design Assistant is used togenerate the design. For details on the SmartComponents, refer toChapter 9, SmartComponentReference.

Hint Place a doubly terminated lowpass filter SmartComponent into a schematic by clickinLowpassDTpalette button and clicking within the Schematic window at the desired placemelocation.

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Automated-Assistants

Five Automated Assistants are available in this DesignGuide. They provide quick design,simulation, sensitivity analysis, and performance display for SmartComponents. They also transformation of lumped elements to transmission line elements. Each Automated Assistancommand page that is accessed from DesignGuide control window. Explore each commanby selecting the associated tab (or dialog) on the control window. Following are descriptioneach Automated Assistant.

Filter Assistant is used to generate/update a SmartComponent’s schematic desigfilter networks. After a SmartComponent is placed and the parameters are specifiedstart the Matching Assistant to design the component. Subsequently, if the paramet

the SmartComponent are modified, you start the Design Assistant again to update the desimore information, refer toChapter 4, Filter Assistant.

Simulation Assistant is used to automatically perform a simulation of aSmartComponent. After a SmartComponent has been designed using the DesignAssistant, you start the Simulation Assistant to automatically analyze the compone

You can easily examine the simulation results using the Display Assistant. For more informrefer toChapter 5, Simulation Assistant.

Sensitivity Assistant is used to automatically perform a simulation of aSmartComponent’s network sensitivity. After a SmartComponent has been designusing the Design Assistant, you start the Sensitivity Assistant to automatically ana

the component. You can easily examine the sensitivity results using the Display Assistant. Fmore information, refer toChapter 6, Sensitivity Assistant.

Display Assistant is used to automatically display the analysis results generated uthe Simulation Assistant. By starting the Display Assistant, you can quickly displayresults generated from the most recent simulation of a SmartComponent. For mor

information, refer toChapter 7, Display Assistant.

Transformation Assistant is provides an interactive environment for transforminglumped elements to transmission lines within a designed SmartComponent. For minformation, refer toChapter 8, Lumped to Distributed Element Transformations.


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Chapter 2: How Do I?This chapter provides answers to many common questions about the Filter DesignGuide. Stopic from the list below to see a more detailed list of questions. The questions are provided tyou quickly find the answer you need.

How Do I TopicsHow Do I Use SmartComponents?

How Do I Design (Synthesize) SmartComponents?

How Do I Simulate (Analyze) SmartComponents?

How Do I Analyze SmartComponent Sensitivity?

How Do I Display Simulation (Analysis) Results?

How Do I Topics 2-1

How Do I?

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How Do I Use SmartComponents?

Place

How do I place a new SmartComponent into a design?

How do I place an existing SmartComponent from the current project into a design?

How do I place an existing SmartComponent from a different project into a design?

Copy/Edit

How do I copy a SmartComponent within a design?

How do I copy a SmartComponent from one design to another?

How do I copy a SmartComponent from one Schematic Window to another?

How do I copy a SmartComponent and make it a new SmartComponent, not just a new ins

How do I edit a SmartComponent?

Delete

How do I delete a SmartComponent from a design?

How do I completely delete a SmartComponent’s files from a project?

Stand Alone Usage

How do I use a SmartComponent without the DesignGuide?

How do I use a SmartComponent within the same project?

How do I use a SmartComponent from another project?

Specific SmartComponent Properties

How do I get information on the properties of a specific SmartComponent?

2-2 How Do I Use SmartComponents?

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SmartComponent Manipulation Answers

How do I place a new SmartComponent into a design?

SmartComponents are placed into a design using the DesignGuide palettes. Refer to the sPlacing SmartComponents in the chapter SmartComponents for complete instructions.

How do I place an existing SmartComponent from the current projectinto a design?

Any existing SmartComponent in the current project can be placed into a design using theComponent Library. Refer to the sectionUsing an Existing SmartComponent Within the SameProject in the chapter SmartComponents for complete instructions.

How do I place an existing SmartComponent from a different project intoa design?

Any existing SmartComponent from another project can be placed into a design by includinproject and using the Component Library to place it. Refer to the sectionUsing an ExistingSmartComponent Within the Same Project in the chapter SmartComponents for completeinstructions.

How do I copy a SmartComponent within a design?

To copy a SmartComponent within a design, refer to the sectionCopying Within A Design in thechapter SmartComponents for complete instructions.

How do I copy a SmartComponent from one design to another?

To copy a SmartComponent from one design to another, refer to the sectionCopying BetweenDesigns or Schematic Windows in the chapter SmartComponents for complete instructions.

How do I copy a SmartComponent from one Schematic Window toanother?

To copy a SmartComponent from one Schematic Window to another, refer to the sectionCopyingBetween Designs or Schematic Windows in the chapter SmartComponents for completeinstructions.

SmartComponent Manipulation Answers 2-3

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How do I copy a SmartComponent and make it a new SmartComponent,not just a new instance?

All copied SmartComponents will initially refer to the same SmartComponent design. WhenDesign Assistant is used to perform a design or update operation, it will transform each copSmartComponent into a unique SmartComponent design. A design operation is accomplishlaunching the Design Assistant.

How do I edit a SmartComponent?

A SmartComponent’s position, orientation, and parameters can be edited like any other compin ADS. Refer to the sectionEditing SmartComponents in the chapter SmartComponents forcomplete instructions.

How do I delete a SmartComponent from a design?

A SmartComponent can be deleted from the current design just like any other component inRefer to theDelete From Current Design section in the chapter SmartComponents for completinstructions.

How do I completely delete a SmartComponent’s files from a project?

A SmartComponent and its associated files can be completely removed from a project by usiDesignGuideDelete SmartComponent command/or by using the computer’s file system. RefertheDelete From Current Project section in the chapter SmartComponents for completeinstructions.

How do I use a SmartComponent without the DesignGuide?

Once SmartComponents are designed and tested, they can be used as stand-alone componFilter DesignGuide is not needed to use them in new designs unless you wish to modify or anthem. Refer to theStandalone SmartComponent Usage section in the chapter SmartComponentsfor complete instructions.

How do I use a SmartComponent within the same project?

An existing SmartComponent present in the current project can be used in any design. RefersectionUsing an Existing SmartComponent Within the Same Project in the chapterSmartComponents for complete instructions.

2-4 SmartComponent Manipulation Answers

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How do I use a SmartComponent from another project?

An existing SmartComponent from another project can be used in any design by including project and using the Component Library to place it. Refer to theUsing an ExistingSmartComponent Within the Same Project section in the chapter SmartComponents for compleinstructions.

How do I get information on the properties of a specificSmartComponent?

Refer to theChapter 9, SmartComponent Reference chapter for a description of each componenThe properties and other information specific to a SmartComponent are given.

SmartComponent Manipulation Answers 2-5

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How Do I Design (Synthesize) SmartComponents?

Design

How do I find out about the Design Assistant?

How do I design (synthesize) a SmartComponent?

How do I examine a synthesized design?

How do I force the redesign of a SmartComponent?

How do I get information on the synthesis of a specific SmartComponent?

How do I find which SmartComponents can be synthesized with the Design Assistant?

SmartComponent Design Answers

How do I find out about the Design Assistant?

Refer toChapter 4, Filter Assistantor Chapter 5, Simulation Assistantfor complete information onusing the Design Assistant.

How do I design (synthesize) a SmartComponent?

The Design Assistant is used to automatically synthesize a SmartComponent design. Toaccomplish this, you simply select the SmartComponent in the Schematic window or on thecontrol window and launch the Design Assistant. This will automatically design theSmartComponent. Refer toChapter 4, Filter Assistant for complete information.

How do I examine a synthesized design?

The design for a SmartComponent is contained within a sub-network design file. The desigeasily examined by selecting thePush Into Hierarchytoolbar button or choosingView > Push IntoHierarchy from the Schematic window. When you are finished examining the design, choosPop Out Of Hierarchy toolbar button or selectView > Pop Out Of Hierarchy from the SchematicWindow.

How do I force the redesign of a SmartComponent?

The SmartComponent will be re-designed by selecting the SmartComponent in the Schemwindow or on the control window and launching the Design Assistant. This will force the

2-6 How Do I Design (Synthesize) SmartComponents?

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component to be redesigned. Refer to the sectionFilter Assistant Operation of the chapter FilterAssistant for complete information.

How do I get information on the synthesis of a specificSmartComponent?

Refer to the chapterChapter 9, SmartComponent Reference for specific synthesis information oneach SmartComponent.

How do I find which SmartComponents can be synthesized with theDesign Assistant?

All SmartComponents included with the Filter DesignGuide can be automatically synthesizeusing the Filter Assistant.

SmartComponent Design Answers 2-7

How Do I?

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How Do I Simulate (Analyze) SmartComponents?

Simulation (Analysis)

How do I find out about the Simulation Assistant?

How do I simulate (analyze) a SmartComponent?

How do I change the frequency sweep of a simulation?

How do I display the results of a simulation?

How do I examine the simulation circuit?

How do I perform a simulation manually?

How do I get information on the simulation of a specific SmartComponent?

SmartComponent Simulation Answers

How do I find out about the Simulation Assistant?

Refer toChapter 6, Sensitivity Assistant for complete information on using the SimulationAssistant.

How do I simulate (analyze) a SmartComponent?

The Simulation Assistant is used to automatically simulate a SmartComponent design. Toaccomplish this, you simply select the SmartComponent in the Schematic window or controwindow and launch the Simulation Assistant. This will automatically simulate theSmartComponent. Refer toChapter 6, Sensitivity Assistant for complete information.

How do I change the frequency sweep of a simulation?

The frequency sweep for a simulation is set by specifying the start, stop, and step size foundSimulation Assistant tab page on the control window. Refer to the sectionSimulation FrequencySweep in the chapter Simulation Assistant for complete instructions.

How do I display the results of a simulation?

To have the results of a simulation automatically displayed when a simulation ends, enableautomatic display option. Refer to the sectionAutomatically Display Results in the chapter

2-8 How Do I Simulate (Analyze) SmartComponents?

the

the

Sensitivity Assistant for complete instructions on enabling the automatic display option. TheDisplay Assistant can also be used to display the results of a simulation. Refer toChapter 7,Display Assistant for complete instructions on displaying simulation results.

How do I examine the simulation circuit?

With the SmartComponent selected in the DesignGuide control window, pressCreate Templatefrom the Simulation Assistant tab page. This will open the simulation circuit used to analyzeSmartComponent. When you are finished examining the circuit, press theUpdate from Templatebutton on the Simulation Assistant tab page. Refer to theSensitivity Templates section in thechapter Sensitivity Assistant for more information.

How do I perform a simulation manually?

With the SmartComponent selected in the DesignGuide control window, pressCreate Templatefrom the Simulation Assistant tab page. This will open the simulation circuit used to analyzeSmartComponent. When you are finished examining the circuit, press theUpdate from Templatebutton on the Simulation Assistant tab page. Refer to theSensitivity Templates section in thechapter Sensitivity Assistant for more information.

How do I get information on the simulation of a specificSmartComponent?

Refer toChapter 9, SmartComponent Reference for specific simulation information on eachSmartComponent.

SmartComponent Simulation Answers 2-9

How Do I?

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How Do I Analyze SmartComponent Sensitivity?How do I find out about the Sensitivity Assistant?

How do I analyze SmartComponent sensitivity?

How do I examine the sensitivity analysis circuit?

How do I perform a sensitivity analysis manually?

How do I get information on sensitivity analysis related to a specific SmartComponent?

SmartComponent Sensitivity Answers

How do I find out about the Sensitivity Assistant?

Refer toChapter 7, Display Assistant for complete information on using the Sensitivity Assista

How do I analyze SmartComponent sensitivity?

The Sensitivity Assistant is used to automatically analyze the sensitivity of a SmartCompondesign. To accomplish this, you simply select the SmartComponent in the DesignGuide conwindow, specify the components to analyze and frequency range, and launch the SensitivitAssistant. Refer toChapter 7, Display Assistant for complete information.

How do I examine the sensitivity analysis circuit?

With the SmartComponent selected in the DesignGuide control window, pressCreate Templatefrom the Sensitivity Assistant tab page. This will open the circuit used for the analysis. Whenare finished examining the circuit, press theUpdate from Templatebutton on the SensitivityAssistant tab page. Refer to theSensitivity Templates section in the chapter Sensitivity Assistanfor more information.

How do I perform a sensitivity analysis manually?

With the SmartComponent selected in the DesignGuide control window, pressCreate Templatefrom the Sensitivity Assistant tab page. This will open the circuit used to optimize theSmartComponent. When you are finished examining the circuit, press theUpdate from Templatebutton on the Sensitivity Assistant tab page. Refer to theSensitivity Templates section in thechapter Sensitivity Assistant for more information..

2-10 How Do I Analyze SmartComponent Sensitivity?

How do I get information on sensitivity analysis related to a specificSmartComponent?

Refer toChapter 9, SmartComponent Reference for specific optimization information on eachSmartComponent.

SmartComponent Sensitivity Answers 2-11

How Do I?

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How Do I Display Simulation (Analysis) Results?How do I find out about the Display Assistant?

How do I display the results from a SmartComponent simulation?

How do I open a specific display template manually?

How do I learn about the different components and features of the SmartComponent displatemplates?

Simulation Display Answers

How do I find out about the Display Assistant?

Refer toChapter 7, Display Assistant for complete information on using the Display Assistant.

How do I display the results from a SmartComponent simulation?

The Display Assistant is used to automatically display the results of a SmartComponentsimulation. To accomplish this, you simply select the SmartComponent in the Schematic wor DesignGuide control window and launch the Display Assistant. This will automatically dispthe simulation results for the SmartComponent. Refer toChapter 7, Display Assistantfor completeinformation.

How do I open a specific display template manually?

From the Display Assistant tab page on the control window, select the desired display fromAvailable Templatesfield and press theOpen Display Templatebutton. This will open the selecteddisplay. Refer to the sectionDisplay Templates in the chapter Display Assistant for completeinformation.

How do I learn about the different components and features of theSmartComponent display templates?

Refer to the sectionDisplay Template Featuresin the chapter Display Assistant for information othe different components and features of the display templates.

2-12 How Do I Display Simulation (Analysis) Results?

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Chapter 3: SmartComponentsThis DesignGuide provides a large number of passive SmartComponents such as doublyterminated filters, singly terminated filters and bandpass transformers. SmartComponents asmartsub-network designs that can be placed into a schematic and provide the container fospecification parameters and a schematic representation of the design. Severalautomated-assistants allow you to easily design, simulate (analyze) and check sensitivitiesSmartComponents.

SmartComponent BasicsSmartComponents can be placed, copied, edited and deleted like other components in theAdvanced Design System. The basics of placement, copying, editing and deleting are deschere.

Placing SmartComponents

The DesignGuide contains one SmartComponent palettes that provide quick and easy accesSmartComponents. A SmartComponent is placed by:

1. Click on the desired component button in the SmartComponent palette.

2. Click within the Schematic window at the location you want the SmartComponent pla

3. You may change the orientation of the SmartComponent before placement by selectingtheInsert > Component > Component Orientation commands or by repeatedly selectinRotate by -90 from the schematic toolbar.

4. The place component mode will remain active until you chooseEnd Command from theschematic toolbar.

The available component palettes is as follows:

• All contains all of the SmartComponents.

There are two methods to display the desired SmartComponent palette.

• Open the Filter DesignGuide control window by selectingDesignGuide > Filter > FilterControl Window . Display the desired SmartComponent palette by selecting theComponent Palette button from the control window toolbar or by selectingView >Component Palette - All from the control window menu.

SmartComponent Basics 3-1

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• Select the desired SmartComponent palette from the Component Palette drop-down liin the Schematic window toolbar (directly above the palette).

Note When a SmartComponent is initially placed, a temporary component is used to initiaplace and specify the parameters for the SmartComponent. This componentdoes not contain asubnetwork design. After the Design Assistant has been used to design the SmartCompontemporary component is replaced with a permanent component. The SmartComponent is reto DA_ComponentName_DesignNameand an autogenerated design is placed inside theSmartComponent’s subnetwork design file. Subsequently, if the SmartComponent parametedited, the Design Assistant will need to be used again to update the subnetwork design fil

Copying SmartComponents

SmartComponents can be copied within a design, to another design, or to another Schemawindow.

Copying Within A Design

1. Click the SmartComponent to be copied.

2. SelectEdit > Copy and thenEdit > Paste from the schematic window.

3. Click where you want the copy placed.

Copying Between Designs or Schematic Windows

1. Click the SmartComponent to be copied.

2. SelectEdit > Copy from the Schematic window.

3. Display the design or schematic window you want to copy the SmartComponent to.

4. SelectEdit > Paste to copy the SmartComponent to the design.

5. Click where you want the component placed.

3-2 SmartComponent Basics

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Note All copied SmartComponents will initially refer to the same SmartComponent designWhen the Design Assistant is used to perform a design operation, it will transform each copSmartComponent into a unique SmartComponent design. A design operation is accomplishlaunching the Design Assistant from the DesignGuide Control Window.

Editing SmartComponents

A SmartComponent’s position, orientation, and parameters can be edited like any other compin ADS.

Position and Orientation

A SmartComponent is moved by dragging it to any location in the Schematic window. It’sorientation is changed by following these steps.

1. SelectEdit > Advanced Rotate/Mirror > Rotate from the Schematic window or selectRotate Items from the toolbar.

2. Click on the desired SmartComponent.

3. Rotate the component.

4. The rotate mode will remain active until you select theEnd Command from the toolbar.

Parameters

Parameters are changed by clicking on a SmartComponent parameter in the Schematic wiand editing it or by double-clicking a component and editing the parameters in the componedialog box. Parameters may also be changed directly from the DesignGuide control window

Deleting SmartComponents

SmartComponents can be deleted from a design like other components, but completely remoSmartComponent’s files requires the actions described here.

Delete From Current Design

A SmartComponent can be deleted from a design by selecting the component and pressingDelete key, selectingDelete from the toolbar, or by selectingEdit > Delete from the schematicwindow. However, this does not remove the SmartComponent files from the project director

SmartComponent Basics 3-3

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Delete From Current Project

To delete a SmartComponent and all associated files from your project, follow these steps.

1. From the DesignGuide control window or control toolbar, select theDeleteSmartComponent button.

2. Click on the SmartComponent you want deleted. This will delete the SmartComponentthe current design and remove all of its files from your project.

3. The SmartComponent delete mode will remain active until you select theEnd Commandfrom the schematic toolbar.

Delete Manually Using File System

You may use your computer’s file system to delete a SmartComponent by deleting the approfiles in the network subdirectory of a project. Delete files that start withDA_, SA_’ and SEN_,contain the SmartComponent title, and end with .aelor .dsn.

Design, Analysis, and SensitivityThe DesignGuide contains several automated assistants that provide automatic design, anand sensitivity simulation for the SmartComponents. The following assistants are available.

• Filter (Design) Assistant. The Filter Assistant is used to generate and update the descontained within a Filter SmartComponent. It invokes a synthesis engine that generatdesign from the given specification. Refer toChapter 4, Filter Assistantfor moreinformation.

• Simulation (Analysis) Assistant. The Simulation Assistant is used to analyze the desicontained within a SmartComponent. It creates a simulation circuit containing theSmartComponent, then performs a simulation. It can also automatically display the reof the simulation. Refer toChapter 5, Simulation Assistantfor more information.

• Sensitivity Assistant. The Sensitivity Assistant is used to analyze the sensitivity of thenetwork contained within a SmartComponent. It creates a sensitivity circuit containingSmartComponent, then performs a simulation. Refer to the chapterChapter 6, SensitivityAssistantfor more information.

• Display Assistant . The Display Assistant is used to quickly display the performance oSmartComponent. Display templates have been created for all of the SmartComponeThe display templates are preconfigured displays that provide a comprehensive look component’s performance. Refer toChapter 7, Display Assistantfor more information.

3-4 Design, Analysis, and Sensitivity

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Standalone SmartComponent UsageOnce SmartComponents are designed and tested, they can be used as standalone componFilter DesignGuide is not needed to use them in new designs unless you wish to modify or anthem.

Using an Existing SmartComponent Within the Same Project

1. Open the Component Library window by selecting Insert > Component > ComponentLibrary from the Schematic window orDisplay Component Library List from the toolbar.

2. Select the project name underAll > Sub-networks in the Libraries list at the left of theComponent Library window. Available components will be listed in the Components lithe right of the Component Library window.

3. Select the desired SmartComponent in the Components list.

4. Place the desired SmartComponent into your design by clicking in the Schematic windthe location you wish it placed.

5. The insert mode will remain active until you selectEnd Command from the toolbar.

Using an Existing SmartComponent in Any Project

A library of predesigned reusable SmartComponents can be easily created. This is done by pthe reusable SmartComponents in a project. This project can be included in any project anSmartComponents will be accessed using the Component Library. Follow these steps.

1. SelectFile > Include/Remove Projects from the main ADS window.

2. Select the project that contains the desired SmartComponent from the File Browser aleft of theInclude & Remove window.

3. Choose theInclude button to include the project in the hierarchy.

4. Chose theOK button.

5. Open the Component Library window by selectingInsert > Component > ComponentLibrary from the Schematic window orDisplay Component Library List from the toolbar.

6. Select the included project name underAll > Sub-networks in the Libraries list at the leftof the Component Library window.

7. Available components will be listed in the Components list at the right of the ComponLibrary window.

Standalone SmartComponent Usage 3-5

SmartComponents

ow at

8. Select the desired SmartComponent in the Components list.

9. Place the desired SmartComponent into your design by clicking in the Schematic windthe location you wish it placed.

10. The insert mode will remain active until you selectEnd Command from the toolbar.

3-6 Standalone SmartComponent Usage

Filterhetrol

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Chapter 4: Filter AssistantThe Filter Assistant is used to generate and update the design contained within a singleSmartComponent from the given specifications. The Filter Assistant is accessed using the DesignGuide control window. From the control window, full design control is enabled from tFilter Assistant tab. Component design operations can also be accomplished using the conwindow menu and toolbar. Any parameter change made from theFilter Assistant tab is reflectedon the SmartComponent in the schematic.

Filter Assistant OperationTo view a SmartComponent, select the desired SmartComponent from theSmartComponentdrop-down list box in the upper right corner of the control window. The SmartComponentparameters are shown inside theFilter Assistant tab.

Impedances

• Source - source termination impedance(Rg), in Ohms. This value must be a real numbgreater than zero.

Filter Assistant Operation 4-1

Filter Assistant

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• Load - load termination impedance(Rl), in Ohms. This value must be a real number gthan zero.

• First Component - Either parallel or series. Refers to the first component in the networktopology after designing. Parallel will design for minimal inductor values in the networSeries will design for minimal capacitor values in the network.

Order

The filter order is automatically calculated depending upon the parameters specified for all response types except Bessel-Thomson and Gaussian. For these two responses a filter ordbe input manually using theOrder (N) text box.

Design Information

Design Information is not editable, but rather shows information about the filter.

• Order - is the filter order.

• Minimum Insertion Loss - shows the minimum insertion loss due to unequal terminatiThe insertion loss is zero if terminations are matched.

Response Type

There are six filter response types that can be used for designing: Maximally Flat(ButterwoChebyshev, Elliptical, Inverse-Chebyshev, Bessel-Thomson, and Gaussian. A plot of the filtresponse is show below theResponse Type drop-down list box. Pressing theRedraw button willautomatically scale and redraw the response plot.

Frequency

Frequency settings can be changed by either moving the vertical frequency slide bars on thresponse plot or by changing the values in the frequency text boxes. The frequency text bocaptions dynamically change depending on the SmartComponent being used. For any lowphighpass network:

• Fp - passband corner frequency.

• Fs - stopband frequency edge.

• Units - used for both frequencies.

4-2 Filter Assistant Operation

on the

For any bandpass of bandstop network:

• Fp1 - lower passband corner frequency.

• Fp2 - upper passband corner frequency.

• Fs1 - lower stopband frequency edge.

• Fs2 - upper stopband frequency edge.

• Units - used for all frequencies.

Attenuation

Attenuation settings can be changed by either moving the horizontal attenuation slide bars response plot or by changing the values in the attenuation text boxes.

• Ap - passband attenuation, in dB.

• As - stopband attenuation, in dB.

Zooming in/out of the response plot is possible using thedB/square spin-box.

Realizations

These parameters tell the Filter DesignGuide how many networks to show after designing. IfViewAll is not checked only one network will be synthesized. IfView All is checked the number ofshown networks can be specified in theMax # text box.

Design

The design is accomplished using one of the following methods.

• Push theDesignbutton on theFilter Assistant tab.

• Push theDesign button on the control window toolbar.

• SelectTools > Auto-Design from the control window menu.

If multiple realizations for the filter network were found, a dialog box will appear.

Filter Assistant Operation 4-3

Filter Assistant

All networks can be viewed using theComponent Listspin box. Each network will be viewed intwo places:

• Dialog Box - shows a text based description of the current network.

• Schematic Window - shows the actually drawing of the current network.

Choosing theDone button causes the dialog box to close. The last viewed filter network willbecome the subnetwork of the designed SmartComponent.

4-4 Filter Assistant Operation

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Chapter 5: Simulation AssistantThe Simulation Assistant is used to analyze the design contained within a SmartComponencreates a simulation circuit around the SmartComponent, then automatically performs theappropriate simulation. If desired it will also automatically display the simulation results.

The Simulation Assistant is accessed using the Filter DesignGuide control window, where fsimulation control is enabled from theSimulation Assistant tab. Basic simulation can also beaccomplished using the control window menu and toolbar.

Simulation Assistant OperationFor all simulation operations, the selected SmartComponent is designed if necessary, a simschematic is created, the simulation is performed, and the results are displayed. The simulfrequency sweep must be specified on theSimulation Assistant tab in the control window asdescribed in detail below.

Simulation Assistant Operation 5-5

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Simulation Frequency Sweep

The simulation frequency sweep is specified on the Filter DesignGuide control window. Whperforming the simulation from the control window, select theSimulation Assistant tab andspecify the sweep by entering the start frequency, stop frequency, and either frequency stepnumber of points. The values entered are stored in the selected SmartComponent (as disptheSmartComponentdrop-down list box) and will be recalled each time this SmartComponenselected.

Automatically Display Results

If the Automatically Display Results box on the control window Simulation Assistant tab isselected, the simulation results will be automatically displayed upon completion of the anal

Starting the Simulation

The simulation may accomplished using one of the following methods.

• Choose theSimulatebutton on theSimulation Assistant tab.

• Choose theSimulate button on the control window toolbar.

• SelectTools > Auto-Simulate from the control window menu.

Simulation TemplatesIn some cases, it might be useful to manually simulate the SmartComponent. To generate simulation schematic around the selected SmartComponent, press theCreate Template button onthe control windowSimulation Assistant tab. You can examine or modify the simulationschematic, then manually start the simulation by selectingSimulate > Simulate from theSchematic window. When you are finished, pressing theUpdate from Template button on theSimulation Assistant tab will transfer any changes you have made to the SmartComponentthe simulation schematic to the original SmartComponent and redesign if necessary. You mamanually close the simulation schematic usingFile > Close Design from the Schematic windowmenu, although this will result in loss of any changes you have made to the SmartCompone

5-6 Simulation Templates

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Chapter 6: Sensitivity AssistantThe Sensitivity Assistant is used to analyze the design sensitivities contained within aSmartComponent. It creates a sensitivity circuit containing the SmartComponent, then perfosimulation.

The Sensitivity Assistant is accessed using the Filter DesignGuide control window, where fucontrol is enabled from theSensitivity Assistant tab. Basic sensitivity analysis can also beaccomplished using the control window menu and toolbar.

Sensitivity Assistant OperationThe selected SmartComponent must be designed before sensitivity analysis can be performanalysis proceeds by sweeping the value of each selected component and plotting the tranfunction vs. frequency for each component value. The analysis also directly computes thesensitivity vs. frequency, which is defined as

SX

S21----------- d

dX------- S21=

Sensitivity Assistant Operation 6-1

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Simulation Frequency Sweep

The simulation frequency sweep is specified on theSensitivity Assistant tab of the FilterDesignGuide control window. From this tab, specify the sweep by entering the start frequenstop frequency, and either frequency step size or number of points. The values entered are sthe selected SmartComponent (as displayed in theSmartComponentdrop-down list box) and willbe recalled each time this SmartComponent is selected. Selected Components

TheSelected Components list-box displays all components that will be swept during simulatioPushingAdd will bring up the following dialog box to simplify the adding process. PushingDonefrom the dialog box will return you to theSensitivity Assistant tab.

Sensitivity Sweep

For each component (up to a maximum of 4) chosen for sensitivity analysis, a graph will bedisplayed showing the transfer response versus frequency for several different component There are two parameters that are used to control the appearance of these plots.# Graphs definesthe number of curves (and therefore component values) that will be shown on each plot.%Toleranceis the maximum percentage from the nominal component values that the simulationsweep. (Ex. 1) The default values are 10 graphs at 10% tolerance. This means the simulatosweep each selected component from 10% below its value to 10% above its value with stepabout 2%.

6-2 Sensitivity Assistant Operation

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Automatically Display Results

If the Automatically Display Results box on the control window Sensitivity Assistant tab isselected, the simulation results will be automatically displayed upon completion of the anal

Starting the Simulation

The sensitivity analysis may accomplished using one of the following methods.

• Push theSimulatebutton on theSensitivity Assistant tab.

• Push theSimulate Sensitivitybutton on the control window toolbar.

• SelectTools > Auto-Simulate Sensitivity from the control window menu.

Sensitivity TemplatesIn some cases, it might be useful to manually simulate the SmartComponent. To generate simulation schematic around the selected SmartComponent, press theCreate Template button onthe control windowSensitivity Assistant tab. You can examine or modify the simulationschematic, then manually start the simulation by selectingSimulate > Simulate from theSchematic window. When you are finished, pressing theUpdate from Template button on theSimulation Assistant tab will transfer any changes you have made to the SmartComponentthe simulation schematic to the original SmartComponent and redesign if necessary. You mamanually close the simulation schematic usingFile > Close Design from the Schematic windowmenu.

Sensitivity Templates 6-3

Sensitivity Assistant

6-4 Sensitivity Templates

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Chapter 7: Display AssistantThe Display Assistant is used to easily and quickly display the performance of a SmartCompoThe display templates are preconfigured display files that provide a comprehensive look at performance of the component. You can create your own displays or modify the included dtemplates using the built in features of Advanced Design System, but in most situations, theincluded display templates will provide all the information you need.

The Display Assistant is accessed using the Filter DesignGuide control window, where full dicontrol is enabled from theDisplay Assistant tab. Basic display selection can also beaccomplished using the control window menu and toolbar.

Display Template FeaturesThe display templates opened by the Display Assistant have common features that are dischere. For features unique to the display templates of some SmartComponents, refer to the Chapter 9, SmartComponent Reference.

Display Template Features 7-1

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Basic Layout

Following is the basic layout of the display templates. Area one of the display template contagraph of the most important parameters of the SmartComponent. Area two contains severalthat give a comprehensive look at the component’s performance. Area three contains a tablethe basic specifications and performance of the component.

Typical Area One Graph

A typical graph from area one of a display template follows. The frequency range of the gradetermined by the Simulation Assistant. As you change the frequency range in the SimulatAssistant, this graph will update appropriately. The markers A and B are used to define thefrequency range of the graphs in area two. This feature is used to zero in on the region of inand obtain a comprehensive look at the component’s performance. The marker M1 can be by dragging it with the mouse. The performance at the frequency given by M1 will be shown itable in area three.

1.

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7-2 Display Template Features

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Typical Area Two Graphs

Typical graphs from area 2 of a display template are shown here. These graphs provide a qcomprehensive look at the component’s performance. Their frequency range is determinedlocation of the “A” and “B” markers found in the main graph. Any markers such as M2 shown hcan be moved by dragging them with the mouse. Performance criteria at the marker frequenbe displayed in the table in area three.

Typical Area Three Templates

A typical table from area three of a display template is shown here. The white rows show thdesired specifications and important performance criteria for the component. The gray rows

Display Template Features 7-3

Display Assistant

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the performance criteria at the user defined marker frequencies. The box below the table pexplanatory information for the table.

Display Assistant OperationBefore using the Display Assistant, a valid dataset from a simulation of the selectedSmartComponent must exist in the current project data directory. This simulation can beconveniently accomplished using the Simulation Assistant. Refer to the Simulation Assistanchapter for details on this step.

Opening a Display

To display results from a SmartComponent simulation using the control window, select the deSmartComponent from theSmartComponent drop-down list box in the upper right corner of thecontrol window. The display is then launched using one of the following methods.

• Choose theDisplaybutton on theDisplay Assistant tab.

• Choose theDisplay button on the control window toolbar.

• SelectTools > Auto-Display from the control window menu.

7-4 Display Assistant Operation

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If no valid dataset exists for the selected SmartComponent, theDisplay button on theDisplayAssistant tab will be insensitive. If the toolbar or menu are used to try to display the resultsmessage will appear indicating that no dataset exists.

Display TemplatesIn some cases, it might be useful to use one of the display templates provided with theDesignGuide for other applications. To gain access to one of these templates, select the detemplate from theAvailable Templates field and press theOpen DisplayTemplate button on thecontrol windowDisplay Assistant tab. You can then insert a dataset of your choice using thedataset pull-down list box in the upper left corner of the display. You may find that someparameters in the display template are not defined in the selected dataset and may want toappropriate modifications to the display. These changes can be saved using the commandsdisplayFile menu.

Display Templates 7-5

Display Assistant

7-6 Display Templates

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Chapter 8: Lumped to Distributed ElementTransformationsOnce a Filter DesignGuide SmartComponent has been designed, the lumped inductors andcapacitors can be transformed into equivalent distributed element counterparts using theTransformation Assistant . This feature allows the designer to quickly and easily transform aideal filter topology to a form that is realizable for high-frequency systems.

Accessing the Transformation AssistantTheTransformation Assistant dialog box is accessed from the Filter DesignGuide controlwindow, either by selectingTools > Distributed Element Transformations from the controlwindow menu or from the Toolbar

When theTransformation Assistant is opened, the SmartComponent subnetwork appears inschematic window and a dialog box is opened. The transformations are then accomplishedthe controls on the dialog.

Launch Transformation Assistant

Accessing the Transformation Assistant 8-7

Lumped to Distributed Element Transformations

ent

ission

Transformation Assistant Operation

Selecting a Transformation Type

The type of transformation to be applied is selected from three options:

• LC to TLine- Transforms lumped inductors and capacitors to ideal transmission lineelements. Eight different inductor/capacitor combinations can be transformed to differseries lines, series stubs, or shunt stubs.

• TLine to TLine (Kuroda)- Apply Kuroda’s identities in order to transform series shortcircuited stubs to shunt stubs that are realizable in microstrip and other printed transmline technologies.

8-8 Transformation Assistant Operation

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• LC, TLine to Microstrip- Transforms lumped inductors and capacitors as well as idealtransmission line structures to microstrip equivalent components. Application of thistransformation requires a valide license for the Passive Circuit DesignGuide.

Once a transform has been selected, the graphical area displays the components that can transformed using the current selection. Black components represent elements included inoriginal circuit available for transformation, while gray components represent elements notincluded in the original circuit. From this graphical area, use the left mouse button to select othe available component types. The graphical area will change to reveal the different distribelement equivalents available for substitution. The example below shows the transformationavailable when a series inductor circuit has been selected.

From this point, the type of equivalent network can be selected using the left mouse buttonthe available structures at the right of the graphics area. A box highlights the currently selec

Transformation Assistant Operation 8-9


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structure. Text at the bottom of the window changes as different selections are made, provisome help concerning the particular transform selected.

Component Selection

Once the type of circuit component to be transformed is selected, the actual circuit elemenapply the transform to can be selected using theComponent Selection tools. As the left and rightarrows within this area are pushed, valid components within the original circuit will behighlighted, and their instance names (i.e. L1, C4) will appear in the text box on theTransformation Assistant dialog. The three buttons are used to select which specific componshould be subject to the current transformation:

• Add - Add the currently selected component(s) to the transformation list.

• Add All - Add all circuit components of the appropriate type to the transformation list.

• Cut - Remove the currently selected (highlighted) item in the transformation list from tlist.

Transformation Buttons

The buttons across the bottom of the dialog box are used to accomplish the transformationselected components.

• Transform - Apply the selected transform to the component in the transformation list.

• Undo - Undo the last performed transform. This button can be used repeatedly to undprevious transformations.

• OK - Accept the current transformed circuit and close the dialog box. Once the transfocircuit has been accepted, transformations cannot be undone.

• Cancel - Close the dialog box and revert to the original, untransformed circuit.

Changing Component Type

Once all transformations have been made on a specific component type (such as series indperforming a left mouse click on the red return arrow in the upper left hand corner of the grarea (or performing a right mouse click anywhere on the graphic area) can be used to returnmain component selection page. Another component type can then be selected, and thetransformation steps can be repeated for this new selection.

8-10 Transformation Assistant Operation

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Transmission Line Types

There are five basic transmission line elements that can be produced using theTransformationAssistant These are identified as follows:.

Additional Transformation Functions

Unit Element

For certain transformations, either the electrical length or characteristic impedance of the restransmission line must be specified by the user. If theUnit Element box is checked, the resultingtransmission line will have an electrical length of 45 degrees and the characteristic impedancbe computed appropriately. If theUnit Element box is unchecked, then theCharacteristicImpedance (Z 0) box will become active and the computation will use this characteristic

impedance to compute the appropriate length.

Characteristic Impedance

TheCharacteristic Impedance (Z 0) box is used to specify the desired transmission line

characteristic impedance for certain transformations. In cases where either the electrical lethe characteristic impedance can be specified, this box works in conjunction with the Unit Elebox as discussed above. In certain other cases, thisCharacteristic Impedance (Z 0) box is used

Series Transmission Line

Series Short Circuit Stub

Series Open Circuit Stub

Parallel Short Circuit Stub

Parallel Short Circuit Stub

Additional Transformation Functions 8-11


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alone. For example, when adding lines to the front or end of a network as part of Kuroda’sidentities, the characteristic impedance of the transformation can be specified using this bo

Add Transmission Lines

As part of theTLine to TLine transformation, unit element (45 degree electrical length)transmission lines can be added to the front or end of the network. The characteristic impedathese lines is specified using theCharacteristic Impedance (Z 0) box. Such lines can be added a

needed during the transformation process.

Note Addition of these lines will change the phase response and, if the characteristic impeis not equal to the network terminal impedance, the magnitude response of the network.

Microstrip Substrate

When performingLC, TLine to MLine transformations, the microstrip substrate thickness (h) arelative permittivity (Er) must be specified. All microstrip elements within a design must sharesame substrate parameters. The substrate parameters used in the final design will be the vaappear in the boxes after the final transformation step.

TLine to TLine Transforms (Kuroda Identities)The TLine to TLine transforms are typically used to transform series short circuited stubs toparallel open circuited stubs in preparation for implementation in planar transmission linetechnologies. These operations, however, only work on Unit Element lines with electrical leof 45 degrees. Therefore, when performing lumped to ideal distributed transformations, it isnecessary to perform substitutions that conform to this Unit Element specification. Preferred(highlighted in blue on the graphical area) as well as series transmission lines (transformedtheUnit Element box checked) will be able to be transformed in this way. When addingtransmission line elements before or after the network, the electrical length will be 45 degreeonly the characteristic impedance must be specified.

Microstrip TransformsThis set of transforms is only available if a valid license for the Passive Circuit DesignGuideexists.

8-12 TLine to TLine Transforms (Kuroda Identities)

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TheLC, TLine to MLine transformations form a somewhat unique class of operations. This stransformations takes lumped inductor/capacitor combinations as well as ideal series transmlines and shunt transmission line stubs (obtained from theLC to TLine transformations), andconverts them to microstrip. Note that series stubs cannot be used in this transformation sinccannot be realized in microstrip.

In addition to the standard transmission line topologies, certain lumped elements can be rewith SmartComponents from the Passive Circuit DesignGuide. The available SmartComponare as follows:

When making such substitutions, the design capabilities of the Passive Circuit DesignGuideused to realize the topologies. In this case, however, the design procedure is approximate, some tuning of the elements may be required before the substituted device will offer the coperformance. In such cases, following completion of the transformation, push into theSmartComponent on the schematic window and open the Passive Circuit DesignGuide conwindow. The Simulation and Optimization Assistants in the Passive Circuit DesignGuideSmartComponent can then be used to quickly and efficiently tune the performance of eachindividual element.

Interdigital Capacitor (can be in series or parallel)

Series Microstrip Thin Film Capacitor

Rectangular Spiral Inductor (can be in series or paralle

Spiral Inductor (can be in series or parallel)

Parallel Radial Stub

Parallel Butterfly Radial Stub

Microstrip Transforms 8-13


8-14 Microstrip Transforms

Chapter 9: SmartComponent Reference

SmartComponent ListLCLowpassDT (Doubly Terminated Lowpass Filter)

LCHighpassDT (Doubly Terminated Highpass Filter)

LCBandpassDT (Doubly Terminated Bandpass Filter)

LCBandstopDT (Doubly Terminated Bandstop Filter)

LCLowpassST (Singly Terminated Lowpass Filter)

LCHighpassST (Singly Terminated Highpass Filter)

LCBandpassST (Singly Terminated Bandpass Filter)

LCBandstopST (Singly Terminated Bandstop Filter)

SmartComponent List 9-1

SmartComponent Reference

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LCLowpassDT (Doubly Terminated Lowpass Filter)

Symbol

Summary

A doubly terminated lowpass filter provides a lowpass frequency response between the inp1) and output (pin 2) ports. This component can have any real, non-zero impedance at eithsource or load terminations. The type of frequency response (i.e. Chebyshev, Elliptical, etcdepends on the parameter “ResponseType”. The transition bands of the frequency responseon the filter order. The filter order is either set manually or is calculated by the passband anstopband frequencies and attenuations.

Parameters

Fp = passband corner frequency, in hertz

Fs = stopband frequency, in hertz

Ap = passband attenuation, in dB

As = stopband attenuation, in dB

N = order of filter, unitless

ResponseType = type of filter response

MinLorC = mininum inductance or capacitance

Rg = source impedance, in ohms

Rl = load impedance, in ohms

MaxRealizations = maximum number of realizations during synthesis

Palette

Filter DG - All Networks

Available Automated-Assistants

Filter Assistant, Simulation Assistant, Sensitivity Assistant, Display Assistant

9-2 SmartComponent List

Filter Assistant Usage

For general information, referChapter 4, Filter Assistant.

Simulation Assistant Usage

For general information, refer toChapter 5, Simulation Assistant.

Sensitivity Assistant Usage

For general information, refer toChapter 6, Sensitivity Assistant.

Display Assistant Usage

For general information, refer toChapter 7, Display Assistant.



ion at

Example

A maximally flat lowpass filter was designed for 3dB attenuation at 1 GHz and 20dB attenuat2 GHz with matched 50 ohm terminations. This resulted in a filter order of N=4.


ut (piner the.)dependd

LCHighpassDT (Doubly Terminated Highpass Filter)

Symbol

Summary

A doubly terminated highpass filter provides a highpass frequency response between the inp1) and output (pin 2) ports. This component can have any real, non-zero impedance at eithsource or load terminations. The type of frequency response (i.e. Chebyshev, Elliptical, etcdepends on the parameter “ResponseType”. The transition bands of the frequency responseon the filter order. The filter order is either set manually or is calculated by the passband anstopband frequencies and attenuations.

Parameters











Palette






n at 2









Example

A chebyshev highpass filter was designed for 20dB attenuation at 1 GHz and 3dB attenuatioGHz with matched 50 ohm terminations. This resulted in a filter order of N=3.


input either etc.)dependd

LCBandpassDT (Doubly Terminated Bandpass Filter)

Symbol

Summary

A doubly terminated bandpass filter provides a bandpass frequency response between the(pin 1) and output (pin 2) ports. This component can have any real, non-zero impedance atthe source or load terminations. The type of frequency response (i.e. Chebyshev, Elliptical,depends on the parameter “ResponseType”. The transition bands of the frequency responseon the filter order. The filter order is either set manually or is calculated by the passband anstopband frequencies and attenuations.

Parameters

Fs1 = lower stopband frequency, in hertz

Fp1 = lower passband corner frequency, in hertz

Fp2 = upper passband corner frequency, in hertz

Fs2 = upper stopband frequency, in hertz









Palette















ndd in a

Example

An elliptical bandpass filter was designed for 3dB attenuation between 1 GHz and 2 GHz a20dB attenuation below .5GHz and above 2.5 GHz with matched 50 ohm loads. This resultefilter order of N=4.



nput either etc.)dependd

LCBandstopDT (Doubly Terminated Bandstop Filter)

Symbol

Summary

A doubly terminated bandstop filter provides a bandstop frequency response between the i(pin 1) and output (pin 2) ports. This component can have any real, non-zero impedance atthe source or load terminations. The type of frequency response (i.e. Chebyshev, Elliptical,depends on the parameter “ResponseType”. The transition bands of the frequency responseon the filter order. The filter order is either set manually or is calculated by the passband anstopband frequencies and attenuations.

Parameters













Palette




Filter Assistant, Simulation Assistant, Sensitivity Assistant, Display Assista











nd 2is

Example

An Inverse-Chebyshev bandstop filter was designed for 20dB attenuation between 1 GHz aGHz and 3dB attenuation below .5GHz and above 2.5 GHz with matched 50 ohm loads. Thresulted in a filter order of N=4.


t (pind

shev,encyy the

LCLowpassST (Singly Terminated Lowpass Filter)

Symbol

Summary

A singly terminated lowpass filter provides a lowpass frequency response between the inpu1) and output (pin 2) ports. This component will have a real, non-zero source termination aneither an open or short at the load termination. The type of frequency response (i.e. ChebyElliptical, etc.) depends on the parameter ResponseType. The transition bands of the frequresponse depend on the filter order. The filter order is either set manually or is calculated bpassband and stopband frequencies and attenuations.

Parameters









Termination = open or short load termination


Palette















ion at

Example

A maximally flat lowpass filter was designed for 3dB attenuation at 1 GHz and 20dB attenuat2 GHz with matched 50 ohm terminations. This resulted in a filter order of N=4.



ut (pind

shev,encyy the

LCHighpassST (Singly Terminated Highpass Filter)

Symbol

Summary

A singly terminated highpass filter provides a highpass frequency response between the inp1) and output (pin 2) ports. This component will have a real, non-zero source termination aneither an open or short at the load termination. The type of frequency response (i.e. ChebyElliptical, etc.) depends on the parameter ResponseType. The transition bands of the frequresponse depend on the filter order. The filter order is either set manually or is calculated bpassband and stopband frequencies and attenuations.

Parameters











Palette















n at 2

Example

A chebyshev highpass filter was designed for 20dB attenuation at 1 GHz and 3dB attenuatioGHz with matched 50 ohm terminations. This resulted in a filter order of N=4.


put (pind

shev,encyy the

LCBandpassST (Singly Terminated Bandpass Filter)

Symbol

Summary

A singly terminated bandpass filter provides a bandpass frequency response between the in1) and output (pin 2) ports. This component will have a real, non-zero source termination aneither an open or short at the load termination. The type of frequency response (i.e. ChebyElliptical, etc.) depends on the parameter ResponseType. The transition bands of the frequresponse depend on the filter order. The filter order is either set manually or is calculated bpassband and stopband frequencies and attenuations.

Parameters













Palette















nd. This

Example

An elliptical bandpass filter was designed for 3dB attenuation between 1 GHz and 2 GHz a20dB attenuation below .5GHz and above 2.5 GHz with a 50 ohm source and shorted loadresulted in a filter order of N=4.



ut (pind

shev,encyy the

LCBandstopST (Singly Terminated Bandstop Filter)

Symbol

Summary

A singly terminated bandstop filter provides a bandstop frequency response between the inp1) and output (pin 2) ports. This component will have a real, non-zero source termination aneither an open or short at the load termination. The type of frequency response (i.e. ChebyElliptical, etc.) depends on the parameter ResponseType. The transition bands of the frequresponse depend on the filter order. The filter order is either set manually or is calculated bpassband and stopband frequencies and attenuations.

Parameters













Palette















z and This

Example

A maximally flat bandstop filter was designed for 20dB attenuation between 1 GHz and 2 GH3dB attenuation below .5GHz and above 2.5 GHz with a 50 ohm source and an open load.resulted in a filter order of N=7.


IndexDdocumentation, accessing, 1-3

FFilter DesignGuide

design flow, 1-12Display Assistant, 7-1Filter Assistant, 4-1How Do I?, 2-1navigation, 1-9QuickStart, 1-1Sensitivity Assistant, 6-1simple examples, 1-5Simulation Assistant, 5-5SmartComponent Basics, 3-1SmartComponent Reference, 9-1

UUsing DesignGuides, 1-2

Index-1

Index-2

Documents

Filter DesignGuide - Keysightliterature.cdn.keysight.com/.../ads2004a/pdf/dgfilter.pdfiii Contents 1 Filter DesignGuide QuickStart Using DesignGuides 1-2 Accessing the Documentation