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FILTER MEDIA PROCESSINGFOR
WATER & WASTEWATER TREATMENT
ERGUN TAJ
DELMON CO. LTDSAWEA WORKSHOP
2005
NOVEMBER 29-30, 2005
FILTER MEDIA PROCESSINGFILTER MEDIA PROCESSINGFORFOR
WATER & WASTEWATER TREATMENTWATER & WASTEWATER TREATMENT
ERGUN TAJ ERGUN TAJ
DELMON CO. LTDDELMON CO. LTDSAWEA WORKSHOPSAWEA WORKSHOP
20052005
NOVEMBER 29NOVEMBER 29--30, 200530, 2005Delmon Co LtdDelmon Co Ltd
OUTLINEOUTLINEOUTLINE
♦♦ Definitions of Filter Media and FiltrationDefinitions of Filter Media and Filtration♦♦ Filtration SpectrumFiltration Spectrum♦♦ Pressure and Gravity FiltrationPressure and Gravity Filtration♦♦ Filter Media SelectionFilter Media Selection♦♦ Delmon Co Ltd Process Flow DiagramDelmon Co Ltd Process Flow Diagram♦♦ Laboratory testing of filter mediaLaboratory testing of filter media♦♦ Pilot plant testing of filter mediaPilot plant testing of filter media♦♦ ConclusionsConclusions
DEFINITION OF FILTER MEDIADEFINITION OF FILTER MEDIADEFINITION OF FILTER MEDIA
Filter media are the granular filtering materials which are installed in the filters. Their function is to retain the suspended solids during the filtration process.
FILTRATION DEFINITIONFILTRATION DEFINITION
Filtration is defined as the passageof a fluid through a porous medium(or media) in order to remove matterheld in suspension
SIZE COMPARISON OF WATERBORNE PARTICLESAND FILTER PORES (FILTRATION SPECTRUM)
SIZE COMPARISON OF WATERBORNE PARTICLES AND FILTER PORES (FILTRATION SPECTRUM)
PARTICLE DIAMETER (in microns)1 10 10210-210-310-4 10-1 103
Colloids Floc
Virus Algae
Microsieves
Bacteria
Suspended Particles
SievesFilter Papers
MICROFILTRATION
ULTRAFILTRATION
NANOFILTRATION
AtomicRadius
PARTICLE FILTRATION
Colour
REVERSE OSMOSIS(Hyperfiltration)
FILTER MEDIA/FILTRATION PROCESSESFILTER MEDIA/FILTRATION PROCESSES
Pressure and
Gravity Filtration
VERTICAL TYPE PRESSURE FILTER (SINGLE MEDIUM)
Manhole
Gravel Packing layers
Sand
Free Board1.
5 m
150 mm Gravel 6-12 mm100 mm Gravel 3-6 mm100 mm Gravel 2-3 mm
Feed water
Backwash waterto waste
FiltrateBackwash line
Manhole
Gravel Packing layers
Sand
Free Board1.
5 m
150 mm Gravel 6-12 mm100 mm Gravel 3-6 mm100 mm Gravel 2-3 mm
Feed water
Backwash waterto waste
FiltrateBackwash line
Manhole
Gravel Packing layers
Sand
Free Board1.
5 m
150 mm Gravel 6-12 mm100 mm Gravel 3-6 mm100 mm Gravel 2-3 mm
Feed water
Backwash waterto waste
FiltrateBackwash line
Gravel Packing layers
Sand
Free Board1.
5 m
150 mm Gravel 6-12 mm100 mm Gravel 3-6 mm100 mm Gravel 2-3 mm
Feed water
Backwash waterto waste
FiltrateBackwash line
Sand
Free Board1.
5 m
150 mm Gravel 6-12 mm100 mm Gravel 3-6 mm100 mm Gravel 2-3 mm
Feed water
Backwash waterto waste
FiltrateBackwash line
VERTICAL TYPE PRESSURE FILTER (DUAL MEDIA)
Gravel Packing layersSand
Free Board1.
5 m
150 mm Gravel 6-12 mm100 mm Gravel 3-6 mm100 mm Gravel 2-3 mm
Feed water
Backwash waterto waste
Filtrate
Anthracite
Backwash line
Manhole
Gravel Packing layersSand
Free Board1.
5 m
150 mm Gravel 6-12 mm100 mm Gravel 3-6 mm100 mm Gravel 2-3 mm
Feed water
Backwash waterto waste
Filtrate
Anthracite
Backwash line
Gravel Packing layersSand
Free Board1.
5 m
150 mm Gravel 6-12 mm100 mm Gravel 3-6 mm100 mm Gravel 2-3 mm
Feed water
Backwash waterto waste
Filtrate
Anthracite
Backwash line
Sand
Free Board1.
5 m
150 mm Gravel 6-12 mm100 mm Gravel 3-6 mm100 mm Gravel 2-3 mm
Feed water
Backwash waterto waste
Filtrate
Anthracite
Backwash line
Manhole
GRAVITY TYPE FILTERGRAVITY TYPE FILTER
FILTER CROSS SECTION
UNDERDRAINAGE & NOZZLES
FREE BOARD
SANDANTHRACITE
Normal Working Level
Inlet
BottomConnection
BackwashOutlet
OperatingFloor
SUPPORT LAYERS
FILTER MEDIA/FILTRATION PROCESS
Selection
of
Filter Media
SELECTION OF FILTER MEDIASELECTION OF FILTER MEDIA
Particle size distribution
Uniformity coefficient
Size range
Effective size
Specific gravity
SELECTION OF FILTER MEDIASELECTION OF FILTER MEDIA
Particle size distribution
Good porosity Bad porosity
Use filter media of narrow size distributionfor good porosity, long filter runs and no loss of filter media during backwash
SELECTION OF FILTER MEDIASELECTION OF FILTER MEDIAUniformity Coefficient
Particle Size Distribution
d10 = 290
d60 = 7100
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
10 100 1000 10000
Size in Microns
Cum
ulat
ive
% p
asse
d
Cumulative % passedUniformity Coefficient - d60/d10 = 2.44
SELECTION OF FILTER MEDIASELECTION OF FILTER MEDIA
♦♦ Size range (i.e. 0.425Size range (i.e. 0.425--0.85 mm)0.85 mm)
♦♦ Effective size = d10Effective size = d10
♦♦ Specific gravitySpecific gravity
DELMON CO LTD FLOW DIAGRAMDELMON CO LTD FLOW DIAGRAM
Packing Process
Washing Process
Drying Process
Screening Process
DELMON CO LTD LABORATORY FOR QA/QCDELMON CO LTD LABORATORY FOR QA/QCAnalyses performed by lab for QA/QC Analyses performed by lab for QA/QC
•• Sieve analysisSieve analysis•• Average fine sizeAverage fine size•• Average grain sizeAverage grain size•• Moisture contentMoisture content•• Silica contentSilica content•• Clay contentClay content•• Bulk densityBulk density•• Specific gravitySpecific gravity•• Acid solubilityAcid solubility•• ADV (Acid demand value)ADV (Acid demand value)•• LOI (Loss on ignition)LOI (Loss on ignition)•• pHpH--TestTest
LABORATORY FOR QA/QCLABORATORY FOR QA/QC
LABORATORY FOR QA/QCLABORATORY FOR QA/QC
LABORATORY FOR QA/QCLABORATORY FOR QA/QC
LABORATORY FOR QA/QCLABORATORY FOR QA/QC
PILOT PLANT TESTING OF FILTER MEDIAPILOT PLANT TESTING OF FILTER MEDIA
DETERMINATION OF OPTIMUM DETERMINATION OF OPTIMUM BACKWASH VELOCITIESBACKWASH VELOCITIES
Hea
d lo
ss
Backwash rate
Minimum backwashvelocity
Recommended backwash velocity
1 2
DETERMINATION OF BED EXPANSIONSDETERMINATION OF BED EXPANSIONS
Expa
nded
hei
ght
Backwash rate
12
3
1 Anthracite expansion curve2 Anthracite + sand expansion curve3 Sand expansion curve
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
Use narrow size distribution filter media(sand U.C.<1.3, anthracite U.C.<1.5)
Use compatible filter media configuration by considering the size range and specific gravity
Take all necessary precautions and care in all the stages involved in the processing of the filter media (washing drying screening and packing) and most importantly QA/QCDetermine optimum backwash velocities and bed expansions for best filter media cleaning and to avoid loss of filter media during backwash
END OF PRESENTATIONEND OF PRESENTATION
GENTLEMENGENTLEMEN
YOUR QUESTIONSYOUR QUESTIONS
ARE WELCOMEARE WELCOME
Delmon Co Ltd
WASHING THE RAW MATERIALWASHING THE RAW MATERIAL
DRYING THE WASHED MATERIALDRYING THE WASHED MATERIAL
SCREENING THE DRIED MATERIALSCREENING THE DRIED MATERIAL
SCREENING THE DRIED MATERIALSCREENING THE DRIED MATERIAL
PACKING MACHINEPACKING MACHINE
STORING THE SCREEN MATERIALSTORING THE SCREEN MATERIAL