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7/26/2019 Final 00129 Vol6
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State of Qatar Public Works AuthorityDrainage Affairs
Volume 6 CAD Manual Pagei
1st Edition June 2005 -Copyright Ashghal
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................1
1.1
GENERAL.....................................................................................................................1
1.2 SCOPE ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ............ 1
1.3 CONTENT.....................................................................................................................1
1.4 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS.........................................................................1
1.5 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS.........................................................................2
1.5.1 CODES AND STANDARDS ..................................................................................................2
1.6 SPECIFIC CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS .................... ....................... ...................... .2
1.7 SPECIFIC CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS .................... ....................... ...................... .2
1.7.1 UPDATE POLICY..................................................................................................................2
1.7.2 UPDATE PROCEDURE ........................................................................................................2
2 GENERAL DRAWING STANDARDS.........................................................................3
2.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE ................... ....................... ..................... ...................... ......... 3
2.2 METHODOLOGY / BEST PRACTICE..........................................................................3
2.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.......................................................................................3
2.3.1 USE OF CAD.........................................................................................................................3
2.4 LANGUAGE, UNITS AND MEASUREMENT................................................................4
2.4.1 LANGUAGE...........................................................................................................................4
2.4.2 UNITS ....................................................................................................................................4
2.4.3 MEASUREMENT...................................................................................................................4
2.5
CO-ORDINATES AND ORIENTATION ................... ...................... ...................... ......... 5
2.5.1 CO-ORDINATES ...................................................................................................................5
2.5.2 ORIENTATION ......................................................................................................................5
2.6 TYPES OF DRAWINGS ..................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ......... 5
2.7 DRAWING ARRANGEMENT........................................................................................7
2.7.1 DRAWING SIZES ..................................................................................................................7
2.7.2 DRAWING SCALES ..............................................................................................................7
2.7.3 DRAWING BORDER AND TITLE BLOCK ............................................................................9
2.7.4 PROJECTION........................................................................................................................9
2.7.5 KEY PLANS...........................................................................................................................9
2.7.6
DRAWING SEQUENC...........................................................................................................9
2.7.7 MATCH LINES.......................................................................................................................9
2.7.8 SECTIONS AND ELEVATIONS............................................................................................9
2.7.9 SECTION AND DETAIL MARK DESIGNATION ...................................................................9
2.7.10 SECTION AND DETAIL MARKS.........................................................................................10
2.7.11 SIMILAR SECTIONS AND DETAILS ..................................................................................10
2.7.12 COMPOSITE DRAWINGS...................................................................................................10
2.7.13 GENERAL NOTES ..............................................................................................................10
2.7.14 REFERENCE TO OTHER DOCUMENTS...........................................................................11
2.8 SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................11
2.9
LINE WORK................................................................................................................11
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2.9.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................... 11
2.9.2 LINE STYLE........................................................................................................................11
2.9.3 PLOTTED LINE WEIGHT ................................................................................................... 11
2.9.4 COLOURS AND SCREENING (HALF-TONING)................................................................ 11
2.10
TEXT...........................................................................................................................12
2.10.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................... 12
2.10.2 PLACEMENT OF TEXT IN THE CAD FILE........................................................................ 12
2.10.3 TEXT SIZES........................................................................................................................ 12
2.11 DIMENSIONING.........................................................................................................12
2.11.1 RULES OF DIMENSIONING............................................................................................... 12
2.12 HATCHING AND SHADING ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... 13
2.13 REVISIONS ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ... 13
2.13.1 REVISION CLOUDS AND TRIANGLES............................................................................. 13
2.13.2 REVISION DESCRIPTION.................................................................................................. 13
2.13.3
REVISION CODING............................................................................................................ 13
2.13.4 DRAWING TITLE BLOCKS AND SIGNATURES................................................................ 14
2.14 DRAWING TITLE BLOCKS........................................................................................14
2.14.1 DRAWING TITLE BLOCKS................................................................................................. 14
2.14.2 TITLE BLOCK COMPLETION............................................................................................. 14
2.14.3 SIGNATURES ..................................................................................................................... 15
2.15 DRAWING VOLUMES................................................................................................15
2.15.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................... 15
3 CAD STANDARDS ........................................................... ........................................16
3.1
PURPOSE AND SCOPE............................................................................................16
3.2 LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE..........................................................................................16
3.3 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................... ...................... ...................... ...... 16
3.4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.....................................................................................17
3.4.1 CAD SYSTEMS................................................................................................................... 17
3.4.2 MENUS................................................................................................................................17
3.4.3 CAD DRAWING FILE ORGANISATION............................................................................. 17
3.4.4 SINGLE CAD SPATIAL MODEL CONCEPTS.................................................................... 17
3.4.5 TYPICAL FOLDER STRUCTURE....................................................................................... 18
3.4.6 CAD FILE NAMING............................................................................................................. 18
3.4.7
SCALES .............................................................................................................................. 18
3.4.8 TEMPLATE/SEED CAD FILES........................................................................................... 18
3.4.9 DRAWING BORDERS AND TITLE BLOCKS..................................................................... 18
3.4.10 TOPOGRAPHICAL MAPPING............................................................................................ 19
3.4.10 REVISIONS ......................................................................................................................... 19
3.4.12 DRAWING ISSUE ............................................................................................................... 19
3.5 REFERENCE FILES...................................................................................................19
3.6 LINEWORK.................................................................................................................19
3.6.1 LINE TYPES........................................................................................................................ 19
3.6.2 PLOTTED LINE WEIGHTS................................................................................................. 20
3.7
TEXT...........................................................................................................................20
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3.7.1 FONTS.................................................................................................................................20
3.7.2 TEXT ASSIGNMENTS.........................................................................................................20
3.8 COLOURS .................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ....... 21
3.9 HATCHING AND SHADING ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... 21
3.10
DIMENSIONS ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... 21
3.10.1 GENERAL............................................................................................................................21
3.11 CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM AND GLOBAL ORIGIN ..................... ...................... .......... 21
3.11.1 CO-ORDINATES .................................................................................................................21
3.11.2 GLOBAL ORIGIN.................................................................................................................21
3.12 WORKING UNITS.......................................................................................................21
3.12.1 GENERAL............................................................................................................................21
3.13 SYMBOLOGY.............................................................................................................22
3.14 PLOTTING..................................................................................................................22
3.15 FILE VERIFICATION CHECK.....................................................................................22
4 LAYERING................................................................................................................23
4.1 GENERAL...................................................................................................................23
4.2 MODEL FILE LAYERING ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...23
4.3 ACTIVE DRAWING FILE LAYERING.........................................................................23
4.4 LAYER NAMING CODING .................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...23
4.4.1 AutoCAD..............................................................................................................................23
4.4.2 Microstation..........................................................................................................................26
4.5 DISCIPLINE LAYER STRUCTURES..........................................................................26
5
DRAWING NUMBERING AND CAD FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS.....................27
5.1
PURPOSE AND SCOPE ................... ....................... ..................... ...................... ....... 27
5.1 DRAWING NUMBERING............................................................................................27
5.2.1 DRAWING NUMBERING CONVENTION ...........................................................................27
5.2.2 CAD FILE NAMING CONVENTION....................................................................................27
5.2.3 MODEL FILE NAMING (XREFS) CONVENTION................................................................27
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Volume 6 CAD Manual Page1
1st Edition June 2005 -Copyright Ashghal
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
This manual defines the standards and format that
shall be adopted in the production of Computer-
Aided Drafting (CAD) drawings for the Drainage
Department (DD) projects.
1.2 SCOPE
Standards defined herein shall apply to all
organisations producing drawings for the DD.
1.3 CONTENT
This Manual is divided into the following Sections: -
Section 1 General: -introduces the CAD Manual
Section 2 Drawing Standards: - describes the
general drawing standards that shall be adopted for
drafting work
Section 3 CAD Standards: -describes the specific
CAD requirements, conventions and settings for
CAD drawing production
Section 4 CAD Layering: - describes the specific
CAD requirements and conventions for CAD
Layering
Section 5 Drawing Numbering and File naming
Conventions: - describes the procedures for
numbering drawings and naming convention of CAD
files
Section 6 Appendices: - contains the reference
material referred to in the main Sections
Section 7 Specific Contract Requirements: -
contains standards specific to regional/country
requirements not covered or overriding the
standards defined in the main Sections.
1.4 DEFINITIONS ANDABBREVIATIONS
The following Definitions and Abbreviations shall
apply to this Manual:
Alignment Drawings:
Drawings that show the horizontal or vertical
alignment, which shall be used for the design of
the works.
Approve:
Drawing Originators shall approve their drawings
upon issue to all parties required to receive these
drawings.
As Built Drawings:
Drawings produced at the conclusion of
construction to upgrade the design drawings to
incorporate all design changes made during
construction in order to reflect the as built facility
in the final drawings.
CAD:
Computer Aided Drafting.
CAD System:The computer hardware and software used to
create CAD drawing files and to produce hard
copy plots of those files.
DTR:Drawing Transmittal Record.
Drawing Management System:
The software, integrated with the CAD
System, which manages the CAD drawings and
associated reference files.
M & E: Mechanical and Electrical
GA Drawing:
General Arrangement drawing which shows the
location of major features and facilities.
DD: Drainage Department
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1.5 DEFINITIONS ANDABBREVIATIONS
1.5.1 CODES AND STANDARDSIn addition to the requirements of this Manual,
drawings shall be prepared in accordance with the
requirements of the following principle codes of
practice and standards: -
BS 308 Engineering Drawing Practice
(British Standard Institute)
BS 1192 - Construction Drawing Practice
(British Standard Institute)
Country/Regional National Standard Institutiondocuments (e.g. BSI)
The version of standards and regulations shall be
the latest version.
Where a situation occurs which is not covered by
this Manual, Originators shall check with DD for
clarification.
Any deviation from standards set in this manual to
suit specific client needs must be defined and
recorded within project specific documentation.
1.6 SPECIFIC CONTRACTREQUIREMENTS
Where the content of this manual does not meet the
needs of the DD practices, the standards defined in
SECTION 7, Specific Contract Requirements,
shall be adopted
1.7 SPECIFIC CONTRACTREQUIREMENTS
1.7.1 UPDATE POLICY
It is the policy of DD that the standards in this
Manual be functional and useful for all types of
drawings produced for the DD. The standards set
out within this Manual will therefore be reviewed and
updated periodically and will take into consideration
all changes deemed to be necessary. All Originators
of DD drawings and users of this Manual are
expected to advise the DD of any errors or
omissions they discover when implementing
these standards. Additionally, all users are
invited to suggest any additions or modifications
they feel would improve the standards definedherein.
1.7.2 UPDATE PROCEDURE
Proposals for Amendment by Users.
If an Originator/User discovers omissions or
errors, or wishes to make suggestions for
additions or improvement, the details of the
proposal shall be submitted to the DD in writing
for consideration. Upon receipt of any proposal
the DD will give due consideration to the
proposal and decide what action is required.
Amendments deemed necessary to this Manual
would be compiled into Interim Amendment
Sheets (IAS). IAS sheets will be issued to
controlled copyholders of the CAD Standards
Manual, as an interim measure and to expedite
the release of the amended information
subsequent to full update and re-issue of the
revised Manual.
At appropriate times the DD CAD StandardsManual will be updated to incorporate all IAS.
Following the update a new revision of the
Manual will be issued to Controlled Copy Holders
in accordance with DD standard document
issuing procedures.
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2 GENERAL DRAWINGSTANDARDS
2.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPEThe Drainage Department (DD) will require
substantial numbers of drawings to be produced
from numerous sources. This Section sets out the
standards that shall be followed when preparing
these drawings. The purpose of this Section is to
ensure that all drawings are produced digitally in a
consistent manner. The objective is to attain a
uniform standard of presentation in the hardcopy
output across entire projects, regardless of the
drawings Originator and to ensure that digital CAD
files are structured correctly.
Disciplined application of CAD will have a major
impact on the projects efficiency by enhancing
clarity, readability, and ease with which drawings
can be viewed, manipulated and shared among the
participants within a project and ultimately by the
Hyder CAD System.
No deviation from these standards shall be
permitted without the written consent of the DD.
2.2 METHODOLOGY / BESTPRACTICE
It is essential in achieving success that drawing
production is carefully planned and thought out.
Consideration with regards how the design is
displayed and paying attention to quality will ensure
high standards are achieved. Below are some key
factors that support the CAD Best Practice strategy
that are to be adopted wherever possible: -
A drawing shall contain design information
solely for the purpose of the intended use of
the drawing
To maximise efficiency a policy of minimum
detailing without compromising quality and
integrity shall be adopted.
Drawings must be clear, accurate and concise
and contain no ambiguities, which could lead to
confusion or wrong interpretation.
Numbers of drawings must be kept to an
absolute minimum and organised in a
logical manner.
Avoidance of duplication is essential to
ensure the drawings maintain their integrity
as the iterative design process progresses
and amendments are made.
Efficient minimum detailing and above all
the elimination of double detailing shall be
the method adopted.
Grouping common elements into detail
sheets and extensive use of cross
referencing to those details and not
duplicating them shall be exercised in order
to minimise both the amount of drawings
produced and the risk of error and/or
ambiguity.
2.3 GENERALREQUIREMENTS
2.3.1 USE OF CAD
Engineering design drawings produced for the
DD shall be prepared on the approved CAD
system. (Section 3.4.1). Drawings that are
produced by CAD and partly hand-drawn or that
include minor manual corrections shall not be
permitted. Only signatures shall not be CAD
generated.
Sketches may be hand-drawn. Hand-drawn
sketches shall conform to the standards given in
this Section for line types, line weights and
symbol sizes as far as practicable. Sketches are
not to be used as formal reference documents
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2.4 LANGUAGE, UNITSAND MEASUREMENT
2.4.1 LANGUAGEAll text descriptions shall be in English unless
specific client requirements dictate otherwise
2.4.2 UNITS
All shall follow the System International (SI)
convention and all linear dimensions shall be in
millimetres (mm). Deviation: Survey levels and
chainages can be in metres (m) and decimals of a
metres.
2.4.3 MEASUREMENT
2.4.3.1 Linear Dimensions
When dimensions are given, they will be expressed
in whole numbers, as follows
38400 7150 890
Decimal numbers shall generally indicate metres:
whole numbers shall indicate millimetres.
E.g. Dimensions in metres not requiring decimal
accuracy shall have the msuffix (24m)
2.4.3.2 Decimal Point Accuracy
Dimensions in millimetres requiring accuracy to a
number of decimal places shall be expressed with
the mm (millimetre) suffix, as in the following
example
756.345mm
2.4.3.3 Chainage
Chainages shall be written in metres to two
decimal places.
e.g. CH 345.00
CH 41155.75
CH 202630.00
All chainages are plan measurements taken
along a setting out line, and provide a horizontal
distance not taking into account slope lengths.
2.4.3.4 Non-LinearMeasurements
All non-linear measurements such as areas and
volumes shall be followed by the unit symbol.
e.g. Square metre m
Cubic metre m
2.4.3.5 Levels
All levels shall be related to a the Qatar datum
and noted on all project title blocks as follows:
Qatar National Height Datum
If a local datum is used, its location and value
must be clearly defined. The level and
description of the BenchMark (BM) or other
starting point from which levels are derived shall
be stated.
All levels shall be expressed in metres. Levels
below datum are to be shown with a minus sign.
On sections and elevations, a closed, downward
pointing arrow should indicate the position of a
level. (See below)
On plans, a cross alongside which the value of
level is written should be indicated. (See below)
2.4.3.6 Sloping Surfaces
On plans, an arrow pointing downhill with the
word Fall placed along it should indicate a
slope.
On sections, shallow slopes should be labelled
with an arrow pointing downhill with the word
Fallplaced above it. Where the gradient is to be
stated this can be done by the use of a
percentage or ratio. Slopes steeper than 1 in 10
should be indicated by means of triangles
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1st Edition June 2005 -Copyright Ashghal
showing the ratio of horizontal and vertical
dimensions.
2.5 CO-ORDINATES ANDORIENTATION
2.5.1 CO-ORDINATES
All co-ordinates and levels stated on drawings shall
be based on the co-ordinate system adopted for the
project.
General Arrangements and site plans having a
relationship to a co-ordinate system shall
incorporate either a 50m, 100m or 500m grid system
as appropriate to scale, and grid lines shall be noted
with northing and easting values.
Where co-ordinates are noted they shall be
displayed with the easting first then northing.
e.g. E322100
N565200
Detail drawings and drawing files not directly related
to the global co-ordinate system may use a local
co-ordinate system.
2.5.2ORIENTATION
All plans relating to world co-ordinates shall include
a North Point, which shall be correctly orientated in
accordance with the specific drawing view. In
general, this north arrow should be placed at the
upper right corner of the plan and indicate true
North.
Alignment drawings shall be arranged such that
chainage increases from left to right and
generally parallel to the x-axis of the drawings.
2.6 TYPES OFDRAWINGS
The drawings shall be classified as one of the
following specific types in all references and
descriptions
a) Sketches
Sketches generally shall contain preliminary
graphics to illustrate a single point and shall be
prepared with the intent of a single use only.
Sketches may be used to present a generaldesign concept, or may be included with
instructions to clarify correspondence.
b) Cover Drawings
Are located at the front of the drawing set and
include title sheet, submission drawing index,
general notes, symbols, material indications and
the abbreviations used throughout a drawing set.
c) General Arrangements
Show the general layout and dimensions for allcivil, structural, architectural and M & E works.
They also include site plans and site surveys.
d) Plans and Profiles
Show the plan and profile view for all civil,
structural and architectural works as well as the
highway alignment and geotechnical bore hole
information among others
e) Diagrams and Schematics
Diagrams and schematics shall show electrical
circuits, plumbing and drainage isometrics, piping
arrangements etc.
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f) Directive Drawings
Directive drawings shall indicate elements to be
consistent in form, function, operation, appearance
or construction requirements, and shall be used as a
basis to develop more detailed drawings. Also
included in this classification shall be drawings,
which are used to define symbols, abbreviations or
drawing standards.
g) Detail Drawings
Detail drawings shall give additional information on
specific parts, generally at a larger scale than the
general arrangement drawings
h) Schedules/Tables
These drawings include all drawings or portions of
drawings, which contain information in schedule or
table format, such as reinforcement bar bending
schedules, materials schedules, door schedules etc.
i) Typical Details
Typical details are defined as the details of good
engineering practices, which can be used for the
purpose of producing drawings without modification
or change
j) Standard Drawings
Standard drawings shall include those used to
illustrate standard designs and details, which ensure
uniformity, consistency, and a common
design approach throughout. Also included in this
classification shall be drawings, which are used to
define symbols, abbreviations, or drawing
standards.
k) Reinforced Concrete Detail Drawings (RC
Details)
These drawings are used to indicate the position of
steel reinforcement bars within structural concrete
members and are usually read in conjunction with
bar bending schedules
l) Master File Drawings
Master file drawings, generally large drawing files,
contain numerous other drawings references and
are assembled precisely to scale and final geometry.
They shall be used to review the overall
composition and interaction of large parts of
production.
m) Alignment Drawing Files
Alignment files shall contain the overall alignment
for the contract package, modelled precisely in
three dimensions and in real world co-ordinates.
The following criteria shall also apply:
a) Alignment files shall be produced solely. In
no case may they be translated to or from a
CAD file format to another CAD file format.
b) Alignment files shall be independent of any
reference files
c) The plan view of alignment files shall be
complete, including all road or track centres,
chainages, equalities and tangent offsets.
d) The profile view of the alignment shall be
complete, including all key features and
elevations.
e) All entities shall be modelled accurately and
to precise real world locations
f) Each spiral, curve or tangent shall be
individually listed and composed of a single
graphic element. Disjointed or segmented
g) elements composed of multiple straight-line
elements shall not be used.
h) Alignment files shall correspond exactly to
the geometry described on accompanying
hardcopy drawings
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2.7 DRAWINGARRANGEMENT
2.7.1 DRAWING SIZESDrawing sizes shall conform to the International
Standards Organisation (ISO).
Sizes (in mm) are as follows: -
A0 - 841 x 1189
A1 - 594 x 841
A2 - 420 x 594
A3 - 297 x 420
A4 - 210 x 297
In general all drawings shall be produced at the
preferred A1 original size. The use of A0 size
drawings shall be avoided wherever possible.
Each group or set of drawings shall use only one
drawing size unless situations make this impractical.
2.7.2 DRAWING SCALES
Drawings shall be drawn to scale. As a guide scales
selected from Table 2.7.2 should be used where
possible. Standard metric scales shall only be used.
Deviation: Schematics, isometrics or other indicative
graphical elements.
Where a number of different scales are shown on a
drawing they shall be specified within the title block
(See below). The first scale shown shall be
the main drawing scale followed by all subsequent
scales. Each different scale shall be specified under
the title of the area of the drawing to which it applies.
Where a single scale is used on a drawing, itshall be specified within the title block only. (Seebelow). The scales selected shall depend on theobject area and shall be large enough to permiteasy and clear interpretation of information and
ensure clarity of prints on the original as well asreduced copies i.e. A3 versions of A1 drawings.
Where different scales are used for horizontal
and vertical dimensions, such as in Profiles
within Plan and Profile drawings, each scale shall
be clearly indicated on the drawing. (See above)
When the drawing or parts of the drawing are not
drawn to scale, NTS (Not to Scale) shall be
specified under the title of the area of the
drawing to which it applies.
Should the entire drawing be drawn not to scale
NTS shall be placed in the space provided for the
drawing scale on the Title Block. (See below).
SCALE (A1)
1:50, 1:100 & 1:200
Multiple scales shown thus
SCALE (A1)
1:50
Single drawing scale shown thus:
SCALE (A1)
Hori. 1:1000, VERT. 1:100Horizontal & Vertical scale shown thus:
Site PlanNTS
SCALE (A1)
NTSScale shown in Title Box:
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Scale (1: )
Drawing Type
500
0
250
0
200
0
100
0
500
250
200
100
50 25 20 10 5
Location Plans
Gazettal Plans
Site Surveys & Site Plans
Construction Plans/Layout
Utilities
General Arrangement/Plans
Structural Elevations & Sections
Detailed Plans, Sections and Elevations
Details
Civil Plan (H)
Civil Profile (V)
Reinforcing Details
Steelwork Details
M & E Plans & GAs
M & E Details
Detailed Subsurface Profiles (Hor)
Detailed Subsurface Profiles (Vert)
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2.7.3 DRAWING BORDER ANDTITLE BLOCK
Drawings shall use the Standard drawing border and
Title block defined in Section 3. (Table 3.4.9) and the
Appendix E
The Standard Drainage Department drawing border
shall be adopted for each project and shall be
consistent across all drawings within the project.
Title block entries shall be concise and informative to
fully indicate the content of the drawing. Completion of
title block shall be strictly in accordance with Section
2.14 and Appendix E.
2.7.4 PROJECTION
Where appropriate, all drawings shall be in Third
Angle Projection.
2.7.5 KEY PLANS
Where layout plans are produced on a number of
drawings to cover the extent or section of the project a
Key Plan shall be included on each sheet, clearly
indicating the section of the works under
consideration.
2.7.6 DRAWING SEQUENC
Alignment drawings shall be arranged such that
chainage increases from left to right.
2.7.7 MATCH LINES
Where detail of a scheme continues onto a separate
drawing sheet, the design information shall be curtailed
at a MATCH-LINE. No design information shall be
displayed beyond the extremities of match lines,
however, background information such as mapping may
continue beyond, clipped to the edges of the drawing
frame where required. Continuation of the design shall
be cross-referenced within the match line.
2.7.8 SECTIONS ANDELEVATIONS
Sections through plans shall be taken
looking:
To the left and upward
Sections through elevations shall be
taken looking
To the left and downwards
2.7.9 SECTION AND DETAILMARK DESIGNATION
Sections shall be identified by upper case alpha
character marks. Wherever practical, sections shall
be listed consecutively, from left to right and from
top to bottom on the drawing on which they were
drawn. To avoid potential conflict with numericalvalues, the alpha characters I, O and Qshall not
be used within section marks.
Details shall be identified by numerals. Wherever
practical these shall run in sequence from left to
right and from top to bottom on the drawing.
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2.7.10 SECTION AND DETAILMARKS
Section and Detail marks used shall be as defined in
Appendix E page 12
All sections and details shall be correctly cross-
referenced in both directions i.e. Cross-reference to
the drawing where the section/detail is actually drawn.
Drawing cross-reference shall not include the revision
code or any stage code because of the changing
nature.
In the detailed section/detail title, all drawing numbers
where the section/detail is identified, shall be listed
against the section/detail mark symbol. If the drawn
section/detail are located on the same drawing, a
dash may replace the drawing number within thesection/detail mark symbol.
2.7.11 SIMILAR SECTIONS ANDDETAILS
To help minimise detailing, a required section or detail
that is similar to one already drawn may be nominated
as SIMILAR to the existing section/detail. The word
SIMILAR may also be expanded to explain how it is
similar, such as (similar, but opposite hand) or (similar,
except as noted). In designating a similar
section/detail, a new unique section/detail mark shallbe used. Use of the word SAMEshall be avoided
2.7.12 COMPOSITE DRAWINGS
Where composite drawing (a drawing containing
layouts and or sections and details) is used, all
plans, elevations and sections shall be clearly
identified by their titles. Titles are to be positioned
below the area to which it applies.
2.7.13 GENERAL NOTES
Notes shall be kept to a minimum on a drawing
without compromising the intent of the design.
Complicated notes shall be avoided.
Where notes are extensive and repeated on
several drawings, a General Notes Drawing shall
be provided which consolidates all notes.
Deviation from these notes on a particular drawing
may be permitted,
provided this amendment is shown in the Notes
section of the drawing.
Where a General Notes Drawing is used, the first
note on each applicable drawing shall contain the
following statement: -
1. FOR GENERAL NOTES, REFER TO
DRAWING NO. XXX
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2.7.14 REFERENCE TO OTHERDOCUMENTS
Drawings, specifications and other documents to beread in conjunction with a drawing shall be fully
referenced on the drawing within the drawing notes.
References that are specific to a part of a drawing
shall appear next to the particular part. The notes shall
include the following, when relevant: -
Where cross references are made to other documents
within the same contract, any field within that
document number that is likely to change (i.e. a
drawing stage field), this field shall be omitted from the
cross reference number.
2.8 SYMBOLS ANDABBREVIATIONS
Standard symbols contained in Appendix E shall be
used. Where a symbol required is not available from
this manual, symbols provided in Country codes of
practise shall be used.
All symbols shall be consistent within a drawing or set
of drawings.
Abbreviations shall be mnemonic as far as possible.
Standard abbreviations are listed in Appendix E.
2.9 LINE WORK
2.9.1 GENERAL
Line work shall be consistent and maximise clarity and
readability of drawings. Line work shall include usingthe correct line type as well as the correct line
thickness to convey the desired information. Both line
types and line thickness may vary depending on the
drawing scale and the size of the drawing. All Layers
shall have their entities BYLAYER
2.9.2 LINE STYLE
Elaborate linetypes, including those which
incorporate text or special graphic symbols or both,
shall be kept to a minimum and should only be
used where standard line types are unsuitable.
(see appendix e exhibit e9 for standard line types)
Only line types that relate to Standard Codes of
practice shall be used.
All line work shall be clearly legible on plots of
reduced scale drawings
2.9.3 PLOTTED LINE WEIGHT
Line weight of different thickness shall be used to
facilitate the reading of a drawing. The thickness of
lines used may depend on the drawings purpose,
size, scale, and method of reproduction. (Section
3, Table 3.6.2 defines plotted line weight
requirements) In general, line weights shall be
chosen which prioritise elements in the drawing i.e.
priority elements have thicker line weights.
The number of different line thickness used on
each drawing shall be kept to a minimum and,
once determined, shall be used in a consistent
manner for the same type of drawings throughout
the project.
In general, outlines of elements cut in section
should be in a heavier line thickness than those of
plans and elevations
2.9.4 COLOURS ANDSCREENING (HALF-TONING)
In general drawings shall have their plotted output
in monochrome. Where colour is required, forexample, to improve clarity and appearance of
drawings, as in
the case of presentation drawings, colours shall be
consistent across all drawings.
Topographical mapping background shall be
screened (plotted in halftone) so that the proposed
alignment work (solid lines) is more readable
against the mapping background. Refer to Section
3, Table 3.6.2 for colour assignments.
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2.10 TEXT
2.10.1 GENERAL
The following rules shall apply to the input of TEXTon
drawings: -
The objective shall be to make all lettering highly
legible so that information can be communicated
with the minimal possibility of error in reading.
Lettering sizes shall be chosen such that it shall
remain legible when drawings are reduced to A3
size.
Lettering shall be consistent, both in size and
placement. Lettering sizes for specific
applications, such as notes or titles, shall not vary
within the same drawing.
Where practical, lettering shall not be placed
directly on top of lines or symbols and shall be
readable from the bottom or from the right-hand
side of a drawing.
The purpose of annotation is to provide concise
information that cannot be easily conveyed
graphically. Notes of a general nature shall not
be spread over a drawing, but detailed
collectively.
Lettering shall be uniform, clear, sharp and
distinct. The mixing of lettering styles, sloping,
italic, and elaborate fonts shall not be permitted.
All text shall be regularly spaced, upright and
uppercase and not be underlined. Deviation
Titles under plans, details etc. are to be
underlined.
Where practical, on maps, lettering shall be
parallel to streets, rivers, lines, etc. so that it
reads horizontally from left to right and verticallyfrom the bottom to top when viewed from the
right-hand side of the drawing.
2.10.2 PLACEMENT OF TEXT INTHE CAD FILE
Text and text leader arrows or annotations for
elements shall be placed in a single layer (level)
separated from the graphic elements of a drawing.
In general, text and text leader arrows or
annotations for elements contained in model files
(xrefs) shall be placed in separate model files.
2.10.3 TEXT SIZES
Text sizes and fonts shall be in accordance with
Section 3.7.
For A1 size drawings the minimum text height for
drawing notes and annotation shall be 2.5mm.
2.11 DIMENSIONING
2.11.1 RULES OFDIMENSIONING
The rules listed below shall be followed when
adding dimensions to drawings to ensure
uniformity and clarity: -
a) Dimensions shall be placed on the drawing so
they may be read from the bottom or right-
hand side of the drawing. If it is essential to
dimension on an angle, that angle shall be on
the quadrant of the drawing that is readable
between the bottom and right-hand sides.
b) Dimension text shall be placed above the
dimension line and shall be clear of other lines
so that it is legible.
c) re practical, dimension lines shall not bebroken, except where it is absolutely
necessary to cross other dimension lines.
d) Leader lines shall begin close to the object or
point to where the dimension refers. They may
be broken when crossing other lines or other
leader lines, if this adds to the clarity of the
drawing.
e) Dimensions shall end in closed filled
arrowheads. Filled dots may be used in tightly
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grouped dimensions where arrowheads would
overlap.
f) Dimensions shall not be duplicated within a
drawing.
g) In general all dimensions are to be shown inmillimetres unless otherwise stated each
dimension not drawn in those units stated in the
note shall have a suffix indicating its unit type
h) The note ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETRES
UNLESS OTHERWISE STATEDshall be included within
the general notes of a drawing or set of drawings.
i) Where diameters are to be specified they shall
follow the form XXX (i.e. 150 ).
j) Where the size in the note matches the units thedrawing is drawn in the unit type suffix shall be
omitted i.e. 75 BLINDING
k) Where a radius is to be dimensioned the value
shall be prefixed withR(i.e. R500)
2.12 HATCHING ANDSHADING
Hatching used to indicate features of sections cut
through structures or sections cut through component
parts or assemblies need not be filled in its entirety
with the hatch pattern.
In order to keep file sizes down to a minimum hatchingand shading should be kept to the minimum necessary
to define areas clearly.
Hatching shall be consistent across all drawings on a
project.
2.13 REVISIONS
2.13.1 REVISION CLOUDS ANDTRIANGLES
All revisions on the body of the plotted drawing
shall be clearly identified by a revision cloud and
triangle with the exception of drawings produced at
the Preliminary stage.
Each area in which a revision occurs shall be
ringed with a cloud and marked with an equilateral
triangle containing the current revision letter.
Clouding and revision triangles denoting the
previous revision shall be removed.
2.13.2 REVISION DESCRIPTION
A concise description of each approved and issued
revision shall be entered into the revision-
description column. The description shall be as
informative as
practical. Where a drawing has been completely
redrawn, this shall be indicated as such in the
revision description.
Words such as GENERALLY REVISED, MINOR
REVISIONS, or other broad descriptions shall not
be used as revision descriptions.
The earliest revision descriptions shall be deleted
when there is no space to include the current
revision within the revision column.
2.13.3 REVISION CODING
Revision/Issue coding shall follow the following
sequence:
Stage Revision/Issue code
Design 01, 02, 03 .etc.
Tender A, B, C .etc.
Construction A, B, C, D...etc.
As Built Z
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As-built drawings shall have the previous revision
history removed from the revision/Issue column of the
drawing and all revision clouds and triangles remove
2.13.4 DRAWING TITLE BLOCKSAND SIGNATURES
2.14 DRAWING TITLEBLOCKS
2.14.1 DRAWING TITLE BLOCKS
In addition to the requirements described in this
Section, refer also to Section 3.4.9 and Appendix E forrequirements and examples of completed Title Blocks.
2.14.2 TITLE BLOCK COMPLETION
Drawing Title
The drawing title shall consist of a maximum of five
lines of centre-justified fields (see Figure 2.14.2):
Each drawing shall have both a unique drawing
number and drawing title.
The top line shall identify the specific area, or
section within the contract or may be left blank
where no such sections exist
The second third and fourth lines shall identify
the content or purpose of the drawing i.e.
CHAMBER VC5/01 GENERAL
ARRANGEMENT
Where several drawings depict similar detail
and no other qualifications are available for
distinguishing between them,
the distinction shall be made by labelling each
drawing consecutively with sheet numbers, such as
SHEET 1 OF 5, SHEET 2 OF 5etc.
Figure 2.14.2
The date shall be in the format MMM/YY. I.e.
FEB 2003. The months shall be abbreviated
as shown in Table 2.14.2.1. The date shown
in the revision history box shall be in the
format DD/MMM/YY and shown numerically
I.e. 20/02/03.
Abbreviation Month Abbreviation Month
JAN January JUL July
FEB February AUG August
MAR March SEP September
APR April OCT October
MAY May NOV November
JUN June DEC December
Table 2.14.2.1
Title
SECTION OF WORKS (LINE1)
DRAWING TITLE (LINE2)
DRAWING TITLE (LINE3)
DRAWING TITLE (LINE4)
DRAWING TITLE (LINE5)
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The issue DRAWING STATUS box shall be
completed describing the current status of the
drawing: -
a) SKETCH- Not to be used for Construction
b) PRELIMINARY - Not to be used for Construction
c) TENDER- Not to be used for Construction
d) CONSTRUCTION
e) AS BUILT
f) BUILDING PERMIT - Not to be used for
Construction
The Scale field shall determine the original size
of the drawing prior to any plotted reduction i.e.
A1
The Drawn, Checked and Approved By shall
contain the first initials of the person who
performed or was responsible for the major
portion of the work at the first issue.
2.14.3 SIGNATURES
2.14.3.1 General
All initial issues of drawings, and all subsequentRevision issues shall bear hand-written signature of
the certified checker of the drawing held within the
Revision History box as defined in Table 2.14.3
The amendment to a drawing shall be noted within the
Revision history box as follows:-
PS 18/03/03
REV. AMENDMENTS BY Date
Signing Box CAD File Hard Copy
REVISION BOX
Checked Checkers CAD
Initials
Checkers CAD
Initials Signature
Table 2.14.3
2.15 DRAWING VOLUMES
2.15.1 GENERAL
Where volume sets of drawings are required, they
shall include the following:
1) Cover Sheet: a description of the stage or
section of work to which the drawings refer.
2) Index Sheet(s): a list of drawings and their
numbers in the particular volume. Where a
set of volumes is required, the list must
include all drawing numbers, listed volume by
volume.
Index sheets shall provide the following minimum
information for the format of the drawing list: -
Contract Title Section of the Works
Dwg No. Dwg. Title CAD File Name-Rev
C001 Layout Plan 0001-QT00127-QT-A
C002 Key Plan 0002-QT00127-QT-B
Consideration should be given to the inclusion of
the following:
3) General Notes and Abbreviation Sheets:
notes or abbreviations, which are in general,
use throughout the drawing set.
4) Symbol Sheets: the symbols and
abbreviations used in the set of drawings.
5) Common Detail Sheets: common details for
the sections that are used in the set of
drawings.
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3 CAD STANDARDS
3.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
The purpose of this Section is to define the CADStandards to be adopted when producing CAD
drawings to ensure that a consistent approach and
presentation is achieved.
The objectives of the CAD Standards defined in this
Section are as follows:
To ensure that the CAD drawing files produced
are formed and referenced in a consistent
manner.
To provide the information and procedures
necessary for CAD staff from one Originator to
access (and use as background reference),
information from a CAD file prepared by another
Originator.
To standardise the information in CAD files which
may be common to more than one Originator
such as drawing borders, title blocks, symbols,
etc.
Model Files and Drawing Files shall be used
together with level/layer features in the CAD
system, to determine that data has been correctly
structured in accordance with the standards
defined herein.
3.2 LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE
Certain types of drawing/model file are not directly
used for co-ordination purposes or master plan
updates, and in these cases there is some relaxation
in the expected levels of CAD Standards compliance.
The table below documents the minimum levels of
compliance for various drawing/model file types.
LayerNaming
TextStyles
TextHeight
LineStyles
BlockNaming
FileNaming
Drames/TitleBlocks
GAs/Layo
uts/Plans
3DModels
SurveyInformation
Destails X X
Sections X X
Elevations X X
Schedules
X X
Schematics
x X
Non-compliantsupplieddata
Project drawings/model files may make use of non-compliant datathat is not covered by DD CAD standards. Only those parts of thisdata that are modified by the Project need comply with therequirements of the DD CAD standards
3.3 DEFINITIONS ANDABBREVIATIONS
The following Definitions and Abbreviations shall
apply to this section.
Active Drawing Drawing file representing the final drawing deliverablecontaining graphical entities such as lines, text, dimensions etc.along with any reference file attachments.
Block A collection of AutoCAD entities grouped together into a singleCAD file.
MU Microstation Master Units
PU Microstation: Positional Units
SU Microstation: Sub Units
UOR Microstation: Unit of Resolution
Seedfile A prototype drawing file used for the creation of newMicrocstation drawings
Template file A default drawing file containing consistent software settings,
Used for the creation of new AutoCAD drawingsPrototypedrawing
A default drawing file created from a template file, containingconsistent drawing data and extents, used for the creation ofnew AutoCAD drawings
Plot files A file representing the true plotted output of a drawing producedat the time of plotting
AutoCAD Approved software CAD Package
Microstation Approved software CAD Package
WCS AutoCAD: World Co-ordinate System
UCS AutoCAD: User Co-ordinate System
Reference File A CAD drawing file to be used for externally referencing into anActive drawing file
Paperspace An environment within AutoCAD that allows for the compositionof a drawing
Modelspace An environment within AutoCAD that contains graphical entitiesdrawn at true scale (1:1)
Global Origin Co-ordinate position to which all new elements are drawnrelative too
age File A CAD file containing raster graphical entities of the type oftengenerated by scanning techniques
Ltscale AutoCAD variable that effects the appearance of line styles
Psltscale AutoCAD variable that effects the appearance of line styleswithin viewports
Viewport In Autocad, a window created in Paperspace that sets a scaleand area at which modelspace entities are viewed and plotted
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3.4 REQUIREMENTS
3.4.1 CAD SYSTEMS
All CAD produced drawings shall be produced using
DD or Originator approved CAD software only.
The preferred development CAD platforms are
Autodesk AutoCAD R2002 or later. Or Bentley
Systems Microstation Version SEor later
Software identified for use on a project shall be
consistent for all drawings produced on that project.
Where third party applications are used, Originators
shall ensure that the standards defined herein are
complied with unless situations make this impractical.
3.4.2 MENUS
The default pull down menus associated with CAD
software packages shall be used at all times; e.g.
ACAD.MNU used within AutoCAD. No customisation
of the default pull down menu shall be allowed.
Configurations, routines, symbols & blocks supporting
this document, shall be contained within a standardDD.MNUand is to be adopted for all DD projects. No
local customisation of the DD menu shall be allowed.
To aid drawing production, custom menus may be
created at the discretion of the Originator. These
menus can be incorporated/loaded in addition to the
default menu as required.
3.4.3 CAD DRAWING FILEORGANISATION
The CAD database is defined in two parts:
1) Organisational The physical of
drawing files on the CAD System.
2) Content The elements that make up a specific
drawing file
The Organisational structure shall be modelled
using the Operating System folders and files. The
Organisational structure can therefore be
implemented identically on all CAD systems.
The Contentshall be modelled directly in the CADsystem using the layering and file referencingfacilities of the system as described in this Manual.
3.4.4 SINGLE CAD SPATIALMODEL CONCEPTS
3.4.4.1 GENERAL
Where appropriate, projects should use the
concept of a single CAD Spatial model, whichcovers the full extent of the project and is divided
into Model Files (reference files).
All plans, elevations and where possible sections
will be spatially located and orientated relative to
the project origin and datum. The single spatial
model will enable design co-ordination to be
carried out between disciplines and levels.
The single spatial model requires that data be
produced to a very strict discipline so that it is
readily retrieved from the database.
3.4.4.2 DRAWING COMPOSITION
The 2D/3D model will be composed of many
2D/3D-model files and is considered to be the
master detail.
Active drawings are extracts from the CAD model.
E.g. a ground floor general arrangement drawing
will be constructed of; a column layout, grid layout
and ducting layout model files in modelspace, a
standard drawing frame, scale bar, standard notes
in paperspace.
Operation &Maintenance
For use oninternet FTPserver
SpecialistDesign
Operation &Maintenance
2D/3D Designmodel filesref. files
Single CADSpatial Model
2D/3D Designmodel filesref. files
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Figure 3.4.4.2
3.4.5 TYPICAL FOLDERSTRUCTURE
Where a network is in operation, all CAD data shall
reside on that network. Project drawings and
associated CAD data must be stored within the
directory structure devised for the project.
Project directories shall be to each Originators own
company standards.
3.4.6 CAD FILE NAMING
CAD drawing filenames shall conform to each
Originators company standards.
3.4.7 SCALESCAD entities shall be drawn at full scale (1 DRAWING
UNIT = 1 MEASUREMENT UNIT).Final plotted scale
shall be established during composition of the drawing
layout for plotting.
Originators using AutoCAD shall employ the PAPER
SPACE/ MODEL SPACE facility to establish drawing
layout and scales. All drawing entities shall reside in
MODEL SPACEwith the exception of view ports,
general notes, revision clouding, title block and border.
AutoCAD VIEWPORTS are to be created in
PAPERSPACE, placed on the a non-plotting layer
DEFPOINTS or Z_VPORTS. The Z_VPORTS layer
shall be switched-off prior to plotting or saving the
CAD file.
FilenameSize Title Block
OrientationAutoCAD Microstation
A1 (841x594) Vertical DD_A1V.d
wg
DD_A1V.dgn
Table 3.4.9 Standard Drawing Borders
3.4.8 TEMPLATE/SEED CADFILES
New drawings shall be created using
Template/Seed files established for the project.
Template/Seed files may contain the following
settings: -
a) Global Origin (Microstation only)
b) Working units (Microstation only)
c) View names
d) Level/Layer standards
e) Line and text conventions
f) Dimension styles
g) Drawing Border and Titleblock
h) System variables
3.4.9 DRAWING BORDERS ANDTITLE BLOCKS
Standard drawing borders and title blocks shall be
established for the project and in general, be
attached as a reference file within the active
drawing file. (See Table 3.4.9 below for a list of
standard borders).
Title block fields shall be completed by updating
attribute block/data fields contained within the
active drawing.
Refer to Appendix E for sample completion of title
blocks
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3.4.10 TOPOGRAPHICALMAPPING
The use of purchased or supplied copies of
government, topographical mapping backgrounds are
strictly controlled. Files on loan shall not be copied for
any purpose or lent to a third party.
No unauthorised editing of survey/mapping data shall
be allowed.
In general base mapping shall be plotted using a thin
pen weight / half tone technique. Refer to 3.6.2 for
base mapping pen settings.
3.4.10 REVISIONS
Revision CLOUDING and TRIANGLE shall be
placed on a unique layer.
(Layer Z_REV in AutoCAD, level 60in Microstation).
Superseded revision clouds and triangles shall be
deleted from the CAD file.
3.4.12 DRAWING ISSUE
Drawings issued to the DD shall be inDWG or DGN
format, unless a specific request is received analternative format. (i.e. PDF)
The preferred format for record copies of issued
drawings shall be in DWGor DGNformat.
3.5 REFERENCE FILES
The following rules shall apply to the handling of
project reference files: -
Where CAD data is to be shared between
drawings the use of reference files is to be
adopted.
Active drawing files attached as reference files
shall not be allowed.
Unused reference files shall be detached upon
completion of drawings.
The number of reference files on a project shall
be kept to a minimum.
The preferred method of attaching XREFS in
AutoCAD is using the overlay option.
Reference files shall be inserted on unique
layer that does not conflict with the general
content of the drawing. (i.e. layer Z_XREF in
AutoCAD)
Where applicable images are to be scaled and
located so that geometry within them matches
the project co-ordinate system.
Reference files shall be CLIPPED within the
Active drawing file to ensure that only the
design data relevant to the drawing is
displayed.
Completed AS-BUILT drawings shall have
reference files BOUND into the activedrawing creating a single CAD file of drawing
data.
Reference files issued externally or shared
between departments shall indicate revised
areas with a REVISION CLOUD and
TRIANGLE. A revision history shall be
maintained within the reference file. In
AutoCAD the revision history shall be placed
in PAPERSPACE. (See Appendices for
standard reference file title block)
3.6 LINEWORK
3.6.1 LINE TYPES
Entity LINETYPEshall be set BYLAYERin
AutoCAD.
(Deviation Standard AutoCAD blocks)
The plotted appearance of LINETYPES shall be
consistent across all drawings.
The default AutoCAD LINETYPE source file shall
be used with the following PAPERSPACEsettings:
Source File ACAD.LIN
Ltscale 10
Psltscale 1
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In Microstation ACADLSTY.RSCshall be used
as the default LINETYPEresource file.
Discipline specific Linetype assignment shall be as
defined in regional LINETYPE libraries.
Lines on a drawing that cannot be represented bythose in the default source files may be loaded from
the approved DD Custom Linetypefile.
Modification of AutoCAD & Microstation default source
files is not permitted.
In general, drawings shall use the standard
LINETYPESas defined in Appendix E Pages 8, 9 and
10 Standard Line Types.
3.6.2 PLOTTED LINE WEIGHTSPlotted line weights shall be as shown in Table 3.6.2
below.
AUTOCAD Plotted Line Weight(mm)
Microstn
ColourNo.
Plotter PenNo.
DisplayScreen Colour
FullSize
HalfSize
Weight No.
1 7 Red 0.18 0.090 0
2 7 Yellow 0.35 0.175 2
3 7 Green 0.50 0.250 3
4 7 Cyan 0.70 0.350 4
5 7 Blue 0.12 0.060 0
6 7 Magenta 0.35 0.175 2
7 7 White 0.25 0.125 1
10 7 Red 0.60 0.300 1
30 7 Orange 0.35 0.175 0
80 7 Light Green 0.60 0.300 4
96 7 Dark green 0.35 0.175 2130 7 Light Blue 0.60 0.300 4
170 7 Dark Blue 0.35 0.175 2
253 7 Light Grey 0.20 0.120 1
Table 3.6.2 - Plotted Line Weights
In AutoCAD entity LINEWEIGHTfor colours 10-255 is
set at 0.35(0.175).
In general Colour No.253 LINEWEIGHT0.20mm shall
be used for Base Mapping.
For mono prints all Pen Nos except Pen No. 253 are
set to 7.
For Colour prints Pen Nos. 8-255 are assigned the
Pen no. as the colour
3.7 TEXT
3.7.1 FONTS
Permitted text fonts:-
AutoCADStyleName
AutoCADFont File
MicrostationFont
CAD Usage
ISOCP ISOCP.SHX ISO Technical/Engineeringdrawings
ARIAL ARIAL.TTF Presentation DrawingsAutoCAD
HELV Presentation Drawings inMicrostation
Table 3.7.1 Text Fonts
The AutoCAD Styles shall have a default
height setting = 0.
Sloping, italic, and elaborate fonts are not
permitted.
The clear space between lines of text shall be
0.5 x the upper case height. (Microstation)
All text shall be left justified. Deviation: Titles
shall be centre justified and underlined.
3.7.2 TEXT ASSIGNMENTS
The table below indicated approved texts with their
appropriate colour/application assignments:-
Plotted Line Weight UsagePlottedText
Height(mm)
WidthFactor MStn
Line WtAcad(mm)
COLOUR
1.8 1 0 0.18 RED General text,Dimensions,Notes used onA3 & A4 onlywhere drawing isnot plotted at areduced scale.
2.5 1 1 0.25 WHITE General text,Dimensions,NotesSpecial Notes
3.5 1 2 0.35 YELLOW
5.0 1 3 0.50 GREEN Normal Titles,DrawingNumbers,
7.0 1 4 0.7 CYAN Major Titles
Table 3.7.2 - Plotted Text
Height/Weight and Usage
The text height adopted for a project shall be
consistent across all drawings unless situations
make this impractical.
The preferred text height for general text and notes
is 2.5mm. Deviation: Minimum 3.5mm text height
is to be used on A0 size.
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3.8 COLOURS
In AutoCAD entity COLOURshall be assigned BY
LAYER. Deviation standard blocks.
3.9 HATCHING ANDSHADING
All hatching created shall be associative and placed
on its own unique layer/level.
3.10 DIMENSIONS
3.10.1GENERAL
Automated dimensioning commands within CADsoftware programs shall be used for creation and
editing of dimensions
The editing of dimension values via basic text
editing commands is not permitted
Dimensions shall be associative and placed on
their own unique layer / level
Arrow Size
CAD
System
Dimension
TextHei
ght
Extensi
on
LineOff
set
Extensi
on
Line/
Extensi
on
Stack
Offset
Width HeightCentre
Mark
Microstation
2.5mm 0.5 0.5 N/A 1.0 0.5 N/A
AutoCA
D
2.5mm Dimex
o = 2
Dimex
e = 2
Dimdli
= 10
Dimas
z = 2.5
Dimce
n = 1
Dimcen
= 1
CAD System DimensionTextFit
DimensionGap
Microstation ? ?
AutoCAD 2 1.000
DimensionText
DimensionLine
ExtensionLine
ArrowHead
Colour White Red Red Red
LineweightCode(Microstation)
1 0 0 0
PlottedLine weight(AutoCAD)
0.25 0.18 0.18 0.18
Table 3.10.1 - Standard Dimension Settings
3.11 CO-ORDINATESYSTEM ANDGLOBAL ORIGIN
3.11.1 CO-ORDINATES
All plans and profiles having a relationship with mapping grid or
levels shall be drawn maintaining the relationship between the
CAD co-ordinate system and map co-ordinate system adopted
for the project. The co-ordinate system may be based on a local
grid or a national grid system. Where national grid co-ordinates
are used, this shall be referred to as REAL WORLD co-
ordinates within CAD.
Detail drawings and files not directly related to the
global co-ordinate system may use a local co-
ordinate system.
3.11.2 GLOBAL ORIGIN
To ensure correct relationship with the projects co-
ordinate system, CAD systems shall set a global
origin common to valid Easting and Northings of
the co-ordinate system adopted for the project.
3.12 WORKING UNITS
3.12.1 GENERAL
In general all drawings shall be drawn using: -
ONEDRAWING UNIT = 1 MILLIMETRE.
Topographical/mapping/civil/highways plans shall
be drawn using: -
ONE DRAWING UNIT = 1 METRE.
Working units for Microstation shall be as follows:
MASTER UNIT (MU) = m
SUB UNIT (SU) = mm
POSITIONAL UNITS (PU) = 1
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Within Plan and Profile drawings, where the
longitudinal section is required to be drawn at a
different vertical scale to the horizontal scale, the
horizontal axis shall be drawn at real scale (1 UNIT =
1 METRE) and the vertical axis shall be scaled to suit.
E.G. HORIZONTAL SCALE = 1:500 VERTICAL
SCALE = 1:50
3.13 SYMBOLOGY
Refer to Appendix E, Page12 and 13 for standard
symbols
Discipline specific symbols/blocks shall be obtained
from the standard regional block/cell libraries.
3.14 PLOTTINGOriginators of drawings shall ensure that standard plotconfiguration files are used across a project. The following standard colour source files shall beused:
AutoCAD:Mono Full Size plotting: DD_MONO_A1.ctbMono Reduced plotting: DD_MONO_A3.ctbColour full size plotting: DD_COL_A1.ctbColour half size plotting: DD_COL_A3.ctb
Microstation:Mono Full Size plotting: DD_MONO_A1.pltMono Reduced plotting: DD_MONO_A3.plt
Colour full size plotting: DD_COL_A1.pltColour half size plotting: DD_COL_A3.plt
3.15 FILE VERIFICATIONCHECK
The following verification checks shall be
conducted by Originators on all CAD drawing files
produced prior to issue to the lead office.a) CAD format correct (i.e. AutoCAD R2002 or Microstation SE).b) Drawing border format correct.
c) Title block correctly filled out
d) Filename correct
e) Working Units correct
f) Global Origin correct.
G) Text size and font correct & consistent
h) Orientations correct
i) Layer structure correct.
j) Elements on the correct layers/levels
k) Line weights and colours correct
l) Reference file attachment paths correct.
m) All reference file levels/layers correctly on or off
n) All unused reference files that are not displayed to be detached
o) A list mapping CAD filenames to drawing numbers correct andincluded with issue as applicable.
p) All unused and unnecessary elements in a CAD file shall be removed.I.e. Unused blocks, line types, text and dimension styles should be
purged/compressed from the drawing.q) CAD Filenames correct and mapped to the equivalent drawing number
listed within the transmittal as appropriate.
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4 LAYERING
4.1 GENERAL
Sharing of graphical information is fundamental to theeffective use of CAD and in this respect the benefits of
well-structured CAD files are significant. A well-
structured file requires close attention to many aspects
of its composition, especially to CAD layers.
By assigning specific elements to certain layers, the
user reduces drafting time and enables all parties to
view the projects graphical information more readily.
The terminology defined herein shall refer to layers
within a CAD drawing file that contain graphical
elements. The term Layers shall also be deemed torefer to the Microstation term Levels
4.2 MODEL FILE LAYERING
The requirements for layer assignments to model files
(reference files) are specified below:
Individual model files shall be created for each
subject under each discipline, and all layers
used for model files shall be in accordance with
the Layering convention defined herein.
Text and Dimension elements must be placed in
layers/model/active drawing files separate from
the graphical elements.
Layers reserved as non-plotting layers shall be
turned off in the model file
The creation of new layers within a model file
shall be strictly controlled given the impact new
layers may have on the appearance of a drawing
that accesses the model file.
4.3 ACTIVE DRAWING FILELAYERING
The requirements for layer assignments to active
drawing files are specified below:
Individual drawing files shall adopt the specific
discipline layering convention
Layer naming for drawing files shall be in
accordance with the Layering convention
defined herein.
A standard layer coding shall apply to
common, non-specific discipline layers such
as text, dimensions, titles, drawing border etc.
4.4 LAYER NAMINGCODING
4.4.1 AutoCAD
The layer naming convention is as follows: -
1 2 3
C_25OUT
Where:
1 = Discipline Code
2 = Line Weight
3 = Element Identifier Code
Discipline Code(Field 1)
This code identifies the main type of works
contained in the drawing as listed in Appendix A.
For example Discipline Code C is for Civil
Engineering related works.
Line Weight Code(Field 2)
Lineweight code identifying intended plotted line
weight of the layer as follows: -
18 = 0.18mm, 25 = 0.25mm, 35 = 0.35mm, 50 =
0.50mm, 70 = 0.70mm, 100 = 1.0mm
Element Identifier Code (Field 3)
This code further identifies the element within the
classification. For example OUT would describe
thin general detail lines
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4.4.1.1 Standard AutoCAD CoreLayers
AutoCAD standard core layers used for all non-
discipline related usage: -
PlottedLine Weight
Trype UsageLayerName
LineType
MStnLineWt
Acad(mm
Colour
DEFPOINTS
CON 1 0.25 WHITE Viewports Layer(Layer does notplot)
Z_DIMS CON 0 0.18 RED Dimensioning
Z_XREF CON 1 0.25 WHITE Xref Layer
Z_DWGSHT
CON 1 0.25 WHITE Title Block
Z_REV CON 2 0.18 YELLOW Revision Cloudsand Triangle
Z_NORTH CON 4 0.18 GREEN North Point
Z_SECMK CON 4 0.50 GREEN Section and DetailMarks
Z_18TEXT
CON 0 0.18 RED Text at respectiveheight
Z_25TEXT
CON 1 0.25 WHITE Text at respectiveheight
Z_35TEXT
CON 2 0.35 YELLOW Text at respectiveheight
Z_50TEXT
CON 3 0.50 GREEN Text at respectiveheight
Z_70TEXT
CON 4 0.70 CYAN Text at respectiveheight
4.4.1.2 AutoCAD LayersStructures GeneralConstruction
AutoCAD layers used for general construction
drawings: -
PlottedLine Weight
Typical UsageLayer Name LineType
MStnLine Wt
Acad(mm
Colour
C_18OUT CON 0 0.18 RED All very thinoutlines
C_25OUT CON 1 0.25 WHITE All thin outlines
C_35OUT CON 3 0.35 YELLOW
All outlines inplan/elevation
C_50OUT CON 4 0.50 GREEN
All concreteoutlines in section
C_18PIPE CON 2 0.18 RED Pipeworkoutlines/fittings
C_18PIPEHID
HID 3 0.18 RED Pipework hiddenlines
C_50REBARS
CON 4 0.50 GREEN
Reinforcementdetails
C_18GRID CEN 0 0.18 RED Grid lines/mapgrid lines
C_18HATCH CON 0 0.18 RED All hatchingC_25DASH DASH 1 0.25 WHITE Hidden detail
C_25HID HID 1 0.25 WHITE Hidden detail
4.4.1.3 AutoCAD LayersSewerage and DrainageLong Sections
AutoCAD layers used for Sewerage and Drainage
Long Sections (used in conjunction with theGeneral construction layer structure)
Plotted LineWeight
Typical UsageLayer name WidthFactor
MStnLiineWt
Acad(mm)
Colour
C_Bund CON 2 0.18 YELLOW Bund outlines
C-EXTG_GRND
DASH 1 0.25 WHITE Existingground line
C-NEW-GRND CON 1 0.35 WHITE New/Proposedground line
C-PIPESEXT CON 4 0.50 MAGENTA Pipe sectionand manholes
4.4.1.4 Layers Presentation and
Plans
AutoCAD layers used for Presentation and Plan
Type drawings (used in conjunction with the
General construction layer structure)
Plotted Line Weight Typical UsageLayerName
LineType Acad (mm) Colour
EX_SEW_ABD
A 0 0.18 30 AbandonSewer Lines
EX_SEW_RE
R 1 0.25 30 Refurbishment/refined/ReplacedSewer Lines
EX_DAB DAB_X 1 0.50 GREEN ExistingDrainageArea
BoundaryEX_SB CENTER 1 0.70 CYAN Site
Boundary
EX_DAB DAB_PR 1 0.50 GREEN ProposedDrainageAreaBoundary
U_ELEC-OH
E-OH 0.25 WHITE ElectricalCableOverhead
U_ELEC-UG
E-UG 0.25 WHITE ElectricalCablesUnderground
U_HVOLT HV 0.25 WHITE HighVoltageElectricalCables
U_LVOLT LV 0.25 WHITE Low VoltageE;lectricalCables
U_FENCE X 0.25 WHITE Fence LineU_TEL T 0.25 WHITE Telephone
Line
U_GAS G 0.25 WHITE Gas Line
U_WATER W 0.25 WHITE Water Line
U-OILPIPE O 0.25 WHITE OilPipelines
U_FIBREOPTIC
FO 0.25 WHITE FibreOptic/CCTVCable
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4.4.1.5 AutoCAD Layers FoulSewerage Network Plans
AutoCAD layers used for Foul Sewerage NetworkPlan drawings as required by the CED-GIS
department (used in conjunction with the General
construction layer structure)
Plotted LineWeight
Typical UsageLayer Name LineType
MStnLine
Wt
Acad(mm)
Colour
EX_SEW DASH 0 0.35 30 Sewer Lines
EX_SEW_DIA CON 1 0.25 WHITE Sewer Diameter
EX_SEW_TXT CON 3 0.25 WHITE Sewer Text
EX_RM RM_EX
4 0.35 170 Rising Main Lines
EX_RM-DIA_ CON 2 0.25 WHITE Rising Main Diameter
EX_MH CON 3 0.35 30 Manhole
EX_MH1 CON 4 0.35 30 Manhole One
EX_MH_TXT CON 0 025 WHITE Manhole Text
EX_SEW_VC CON 0 0.35 30 Valve Chamber
EX_SEW_DCH DASH 1 0.35 30 Discharge Chamber
EX_SEW_WCH DASH 0.35 30 Washout Chamber
EX_SEW_ICH DASH 1 0.35 30 Inspection Chamber
EX_SEW_FMC DASH 0.35 30 Flowmeter Chamber
EX_SEW_FCH DASH 0.35 30 Flushing Chamber
EX_SEW-PS DASH 0.35 30 Pumping Station
EX_SEW_ST_L DASH 0.35 30 Sewer Stub Pipe(Line)
EX_SEW-ST_N DASH 0.35 30 Sewer Stub Ernd(Point)
EX_HC HID 0.35 20 House Connection
EX_HC_ST_L HID 0.35 20 Houe ConnectionStub Pipe
EX_HC_ST_N HID 0.35 20 House ConnectionStub End
EX_SEW_FLOW
CON 0.25 WHITE Flow Direction
PR_SEW CON 0 0.60 10 Sewer Lines
PR_SEW_DIA CON 1 0.25 WHITE Sewer Diameter
PR_SEW_TXT CON 3 0.25 WHITE Sewer Text
PR_RM RM_PR
4 0.60 130
Rising Main Lines
PR_RM-DIA_ CON 2 0.25 WHITE Rising Main Diameter
PR_MH CON 3 0.35 20 Manhole
PR_MH1 CON 4 0.35 20 Manhole One
PR_MH_TXT CON 0 025 WHITE Manhole Text
PR_SEW_VC DASH 0 0.35 20 Valve Chamber
PR_SEW_DCH DASH 1 0.35 20 Discharge Chamber
PR_SEW_WCH
DASH 0.35 20 Washout Chamber
PR_SEW_ICH DASH 1 0.35 20 Inspection Chamber
PR_SEW_FMC DASH 0.35 20 Flowmeter Chamber
PR_SEW_FCH DASH 0.35 20 Flushing Chamber
PR_SEW-PS DASH 0.35 20 Pumping Station
PR_SEW_ST_L
DASH 0.35 20 Sewer Stub Pipe(Line)
PR_SEW-ST_N DASH 0.35 20 Sewer Stub End(Point)
PR_HC HID 0.35 20 House Connection
PR_HC_ST_L HID 0.35 20 House ConnectionStub Pipe
PR_HC_ST_N HID 0.35 20 House ConnectionStub End
PR_SEW_FLOW
CON 0.25 WHITE Flow Direction
4.4.1.6 AutoCAD Layers TreatedSewerage EffluentNetwork Plans
AutoCAD layers used for Treated Sewerage
Effluent Network Plan drawings as required by the
CED-GIS department (used in conjunction with the
General construction layer structure)
PlottedLine
Weight
Typical UsageLayer Name LineType
MStnLineWt
Acad(mm)
Colour
EX_TSE TSE-EX 0 0.35 240 Treated EffluentLines
EX_TSE_DIA CON 1 0.25 WHITE Treated EffluentDiameter
EX_TSE_TXT CON 3 0.25 WHITE Treated EffluentText
EX_WTOWER RM_EX 4 0.35 240 Water Tower
EX_TSEMH CON 3 0.35 240 Manhole
EX_TSE_VC DASH 0 0.35 240 Valve Chamber
EX_TSE_DCH DASH 1 0.35 240 DischargeChamber
EX_TSE_WCH DASH 035 240 WashoutChamber
EX_TSE_ICH DASH 1 0.35 240 InspectionChamber
EX_TSE_FMC DASH 0.35 240 FlowmeterChamber
EX_TSE_FCH DASH 0.35 240 FlushingChamber
EX_TSE_PS DASH 0.35 240 Pumping Station
EX_STW DASH 0.35 240 Sewerage
Treatment WorksEX_TSE_ST_L DASH 0.35 240 Sewer Stub Pipe
(Line)
EX_TSE-ST_N DASH 0.35 240 Sewer Stub End(Point)
EX_TSE-FLOW CON 0.25 WHITE Flow Direction
PR_TSE TSE-PR 0 0.35 210 Treated EffluentLines
PR_TSE_DIA CON 1 0.25 WHITE Treated EffluentDiameter
PR_TSE_TXT CON 3 0.25 WHITE TSE Text
PR_WTOWER TSE_PR 4 0.35 210 Rising MainLines
PR_TSEMH CON 3 0.35 200 Manhole
PR_TSEMH_TXT CON 0 0.35 WHITE Manhole Text
PR_TSE_VC CON 0 0.35 200 Valve Chamber
PR_TSE_DCH CON 1 035 200 DischargeChamber
PR_TSE_WCH CON 0.35 200 WashoutChamber
PR_TSE_ICH CON 1 0.35 200 InspectionChamber
PR_TSE_FMC CON 0.35 200 Flowm