A Brief Comparison of US Health Care, Mortality and Finances, 2010

MATLAB Project | Nora Richardson | 3/23/2015

This project attempts to research whether a correlation exists between life expectancy, and

health insurance; specifically the insured versus the uninsured. Furthermore, it explores the

relationship between affordability of health insurance and the percentage of families insured. The data

collected is from 2010 US census, educational and health care institutions (referenced below); each data

point, within state boundaries, is based on the average of that state, and is based on family/household data rather than the individual.

This subject was chosen due to the current government controversy regarding “Obama-care”.

The data depicted in the following maps represents statistics from before the Affordable Care Act was

implemented. It introduces statistics that partially outline the issues of Health Care before the reform.

The project is not an all-encompassing comparison and is only based on averages per state rather than

individual numbers; however, the statistics offer a broad overview of US health insurance and financial

circumstances during the years immediately preceding reform. The purpose of these maps is to raise

the question of whether reform was needed; it does not pretend to prove that it was or was not, nor does it discuss the effectivity of the Affordable Care Act.

Initial Data Grid and 3-D Images:

The following Excel Spreadsheets were made to create data points for the 3D maps. The first data grid

below is a template of the US. This grid was then imported into Microsoft Word. In order to create each

code, the following process was used: FIND > ENTER IN A STATE ABBREVIATION > SELECT REPLACE >

TYPE THE STATE’S VALUE INTO THE REPLACE BOX > CLICK ON REPLACE ALL. This process was followed

48 times per map: once per state. The data was then copied and pasted in MATLAB with the appropriate code above and below.

Data Grid of the United States (with state abbreviations):

The following 3D maps were designed in MATLAB. On each the x-axis represents the vertical length of

the United States from coast to coast. The y-axis represents the horizontal length of the United States

from the Canadian border to that of Mexico. The z-axis of each map represents that map’s specific data

values: “Annual Household Income 2010” in the first, “Average HC Premium Costs per Family 2010” in

the second, “Average Percentages of the Uninsured, 2010” in the third, and “Average Percentages of the

Uninsured, 2010” in the fourth.

Annual Household Income 2010:

Average HC Premium Costs per Family 2010:

Average Percentages of the Uninsured, 2010:

Life Expectancy, 2010:

Results:

The first two graphs depict the annual household and the average cost of family healthcare in

2010 per state. The northeast show proportional costs: a comparatively high household income

partnered with a comparatively high cost in healthcare. California displayed a similar tendency.

Kentucky, Oklahoma and Mississippi all have proportionally low annual income and healthcare

premiums. However, throughout the rest of the United States there was significant disparity. Often

times states with very low annual incomes suffered very high heal thcare costs; the Southeast (especially

Louisiana), the Southwest, and some Northwest states such as Idaho and Montana all display

disproportionate data. The opposite disparity also exists: states with high annual income and low premium costs: Washington, Wyoming and North Dakota all exhibit this pattern.

The next comparison answers the question: does affordability affect the percent of families who

enroll in health insurance. The third map displays the percentage of the insured versus the uninsured of

each state. The percentages are somewhat based on geographical location: from the Northeast to the

eastern border of Montana, the percentage of uninsured is significantly lower than that of the rest of

the country (this does not included the southern part of eastern US). This low percentage is fitting

because much of the Northeast has affordable healthcare in relation to their income. Washington is an

exception; although part of the west, their cost of healthcare and percentage of uninsured are both

relatively low. The states with the greatest number of uninsured are Florida, Texas and Nevada. Florida

and Texas exhibit a disproportionately high cost of health insurance, but Nevada does not. Although

less extreme, Montana and Idaho have disproportionately high healthcare costs and exhibit relatively

high uninsured percentages. The western coast of CA also has a high number of uninsured persons,

even though their healthcare is proportionate to their income. For the most part, affordability of

healthcare does seem to impact the percentage of insured: the more unaffordable the healthcare, the

greater the number of uninsured. The geographic location of a state also seems to have an impact on

insurance percentages.

The final map lists the life expectancy ages of each state from 2010. The Northeast and the

Midwest have the lowest number of uninsured which correlates with the highest life expectancies.

Nevada, Texas and the states surrounding Texas have the highest percentages of uninsured residents

which correlates with lower life expectancies. For the most part, the percentage of uninsured predicts life expectancies; exceptions are parts of Florida and California.

These maps and comparisons do not include all needed data to make a legitimate claim as to

how affordability affects the percentage of those who enroll in insurance , affects the life expectancy of a

person; however, they do display evidence of a correlation based on the topics discussed.

Codes:

‘Annual Household Income 2010’ CODE:

>> x=0:47;

>> y=30:-1:0;

>> z=

[30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 47069 47069 30000;

57201 30000 57201 57201 57201 57201 57201 57201 44867 44145 44145 44145 44145

44145 44145 44145 44145 44145 50026 50026 50026 50026 50026 50026 56936

56936 56936 56936 56936 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 47069 47069 30000;

57201 57201 57201 57201 57201 57201 57201 57201 44867 44145 44145 44145 44145

44145 44145 44145 44145 44145 50026 50026 50026 50026 50026 50026 56936

56936 56936 56936 30000 30000 30000 46692 46692 30000 46692 30000 30000

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 47069 47069 47069;

30000 57201 57201 57201 57201 57201 57201 57201 44867 44145 44145 44145 44145

44145 44145 44145 44145 44145 50026 50026 50026 50026 50026 50026 56936

56936 56936 30000 50293 50293 46692 46692 46692 46692 30000 30000 30000

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 50707 62770 47069 47069 47069;

30000 47989 57201 57201 57201 57201 57201 57201 44867 44867 44145 44145 44145

44145 44145 44145 44145 44145 50026 50026 50026 50026 50026 50026 56936

56936 56936 56936 50293 50293 50293 50293 30000 30000 30000 46692 30000

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 55712 50707 62770 47069 47069 30000;

30000 47989 47989 47989 47989 47989 47989 47989 44867 44867 44145 44145 44145

44145 44145 44145 44145 44145 46993 46993 46993 46993 46993 46993 56936

56936 56936 56936 50293 50293 50293 50293 30000 46692 46692 46692 30000

30000 30000 30000 30000 55712 55712 50707 62770 47069 30000 30000;

30000 47989 47989 47989 47989 47989 47989 44867 44867 44867 44145 44145 55213

55213 55213 55213 55213 55213 46993 46993 46993 46993 46993 46993 56936

56936 56936 56936 50293 50293 50293 50293 30000 46692 46692 30000 46692

30000 30000 55712 55712 55712 55712 50707 62770 62770 30000 30000;

30000 47989 47989 47989 47989 47989 47989 44867 44867 44867 44867 44867 55213

55213 55213 55213 55213 55213 46993 46993 46993 46993 46993 46993 56936

56936 56936 56936 56936 50293 50293 50293 30000 46692 46692 46692 30000

30000 55712 55712 55712 55712 55712 63967 63967 63967 30000 30000;

30000 59540 59540 47989 47989 47989 47989 44867 44867 44867 44867 44867 55213

55213 55213 55213 55213 55213 46993 46993 46993 46993 46993 46993 49401

49401 49401 49401 49401 50293 50293 50293 45898 46692 46692 46692 30000

30000 50548 50548 50548 55712 55712 65883 65883 53879 63967 30000;

59540 59540 59540 59540 52045 52045 52045 44867 44867 44867 44867 44867 55213

55213 55213 55213 55213 55213 48770 48770 48770 48770 48770 48770 49401

49401 49401 49401 49401 49401 54644 54644 45898 45898 46275 46275 46275

46275 50548 50548 50548 50548 50548 69829 30000 30000 30000 30000;

59540 59540 59540 59540 52045 52045 52045 52045 52045 56227 56227 56227 55213

55213 55213 55213 55213 55213 48770 48770 48770 48770 48770 48770 49401

49401 49401 49401 49401 49401 54644 54644 45898 45898 46275 46275 46275

46275 50548 50548 50548 50548 50548 69829 30000 30000 30000 30000;

59540 59540 59540 59540 52045 52045 52045 52045 52045 56227 56227 56227 56227

55580 55580 55580 55580 55580 55580 48770 48770 48770 48770 48770 48770

49401 49401 49401 49401 54644 54644 54644 45898 45898 46275 46275 46275

46275 39444 70976 70976 70976 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000;

30000 59540 59540 59540 52045 52045 52045 52045 52045 56227 56227 56227 56227

55580 55580 55580 55580 55580 55580 48770 48770 48770 48770 48770 48770

45600 45600 45600 45600 54644 54644 54644 45898 45898 46275 46275 46275

39444 39444 39444 62173 70976 70976 57289 30000 30000 30000 30000;

30000 59540 59540 59540 52045 52045 52045 52045 52045 56227 56227 56227 56227

55580 55580 55580 55580 55580 55580 49687 49687 49687 49687 49687 49687

45600 45600 45600 45600 54644 54644 45898 45898 45898 40948 40948 39444

39444 39444 39444 62173 62173 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000;

30000 59540 59540 59540 52045 52045 52045 52045 52045 56227 56227 56227 56227

55580 55580 55580 55580 55580 55580 49687 49687 49687 49687 49687 49687

45600 45600 45600 45600 45600 54644 54644 40948 40948 40948 40948 40948

39444 39444 62173 62173 62173 62173 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000;

30000 59540 59540 59540 59540 52045 52045 52045 48108 56227 56227 56227 56227

55580 55580 55580 55580 55580 55580 49687 49687 49687 49687 49687 49687

45600 45600 45600 45600 45600 54644 40948 40948 40948 40948 40948 40948

62173 62173 62173 62173 62173 62173 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000;

30000 59540 59540 59540 59540 59540 52045 52045 48108 48108 48108 48108 48108

43326 43326 43326 43326 43326 43239 43239 43239 43239 43239 43239 43239

45600 45600 45600 45600 45600 40948 40948 40948 40948 40948 40948 62173

62173 62173 62173 62173 62173 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000;

30000 30000 59540 59540 59540 59540 59540 52045 48108 48108 48108 48108 48108

43326 43326 43326 43326 43326 50010 50010 43239 43239 43239 43239 43239

39375 39375 39375 39375 45600 42453 42453 42453 42453 42453 42453 42453

44726 44726 44726 44726 44726 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000;

30000 30000 30000 59540 59540 59540 59540 48108 48108 48108 48108 48108 48108

43326 43326 43326 43326 43326 50010 50010 43239 43239 43239 43239 43239

39375 39375 39375 39375 39375 42453 42453 42453 42453 42453 42453 44726

44726 44726 44726 44726 44726 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000;

30000 30000 30000 30000 59540 59540 59540 48108 48108 48108 48108 48108 48108

43326 43326 43326 43326 43326 50010 50010 43239 43239 43239 43239 43239

39375 39375 39375 39375 42453 42453 42453 42453 42453 42453 44726 44726

43311 43311 43311 43311 44726 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000;

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 59540 48108 48108 48108 48108 48108 48108

43326 43326 43326 43326 43326 50010 50010 50010 50010 50010 50010 50010

39375 39375 39375 39375 39375 37838 37838 41459 41459 41459 47659 47659

43311 43311 43311 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000;

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 48108 48108 48108 48108 48108

43326 43326 43326 43326 43326 50010 50010 50010 50010 50010 50010 50010

50010 39375 39375 39375 37838 37838 37838 41459 41459 41459 47659 47659

47659 43311 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000;

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 48108 48108 48108 48108

43326 43326 43326 43326 43326 50010 50010 50010 50010 50010 50010 50010

50010 43804 43804 43804 37838 37838 37838 41459 41459 41459 47659 47659

47659 47659 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000;

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000

43326 43326 50010 50010 50010 50010 50010 50010 50010 50010 50010 50010

50010 50010 43804 43804 37838 37838 37838 41459 41459 41459 47659 47659

47659 47659 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000;

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000

30000 30000 30000 50010 50010 50010 50010 50010 50010 50010 50010 50010

50010 50010 43804 43804 37838 37838 37838 41459 41459 41459 47659 47659

47659 47659 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000;

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000

30000 30000 30000 30000 50010 30000 50010 50010 50010 50010 50010 50010

50010 30000 43804 43804 43804 43804 37838 41459 45609 45609 45609 45609

45609 45609 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000;

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 50010 50010 50010 50010 50010

30000 30000 43804 43804 43804 43804 30000 30000 30000 45609 30000 30000

45609 45609 45609 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000;

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 50010 50010 50010 50010 50010

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000

30000 45609 45609 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000;

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 50010 50010 30000

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000

30000 45609 45609 45609 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000;

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 50010 30000

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000

30000 30000 45609 45609 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000;

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 50010

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000];

>> xi=0:.1:47; yi=30:-.1:0;

>> [xi,yi]=meshgrid(xi,yi);

>> zc=interp2(x,y,z,xi,yi,'cubic');

>> mesh(xi,yi,zc)

‘Average HC Premium Costs per Family 2010’ CODE:

>> x=0:47;

>> y=30:-1:0;

>>z=

[700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 1200 1200 700;

746 700 746 746 746 746 746 746 1120 1043 1043 1043 1043

1043 1043 1043 1043 1043 767 767 767 767 767 767 1023

1023 1023 1023 1023 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 1200 1200 700;

746 746 746 746 746 746 746 746 1120 1043 1043 1043 1043

1043 1043 1043 1043 1043 767 767 767 767 767 767 1023

1023 1023 1023 700 700 700 951 951 700 951 700 700

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 1200 1200 1200;

700 746 746 746 746 746 746 746 1120 1043 1043 1043 1043

1043 1043 1043 1043 1043 767 767 767 767 767 767 1023

1023 1023 700 933 933 951 951 951 951 700 700 700

700 700 700 700 700 700 1114 1098 1200 1200 1200;

700 848 746 746 746 746 746 746 1120 1120 1043 1043 1043

1043 1043 1043 1043 1043 767 767 767 767 767 767 1023

1023 1023 1023 933 933 933 933 700 700 700 951 700

700 700 700 700 700 891 1114 1098 1200 1200 700;

700 848 848 848 848 848 848 848 1120 1120 1043 1043 1043

1043 1043 1043 1043 1043 948 948 948 948 948 948 1023

1023 1023 1023 933 933 933 933 700 951 951 951 700

700 700 700 700 891 891 1114 1098 1200 700 700;

700 848 848 848 848 848 848 1120 1120 1120 1043 1043 802

802 802 802 802 802 948 948 948 948 948 948 1023

1023 1023 1023 933 933 933 933 700 951 951 700 951

700 700 891 891 891 891 1114 1098 1098 700 700;

700 848 848 848 848 848 848 1120 1120 1120 1120 1120 802

802 802 802 802 802 948 948 948 948 948 948 1023

1023 1023 1023 1023 933 933 933 700 951 951 951 700

700 891 891 891 891 891 1207 1207 1207 700 700;

700 1048 1048 848 848 848 848 1120 1120 1120 1120 1120 802

802 802 802 802 802 948 948 948 948 948 948 832

832 832 832 832 933 933 933 930 951 951 951 700

700 954 954 954 891 891 1234 1234 1147 1207 700;

1048 1048 1048 1048 926 926 926 1120 1120 1120 1120 1120 802

802 802 802 802 802 1086 1086 1086 1086 1086 1086 832

832 832 832 832 832 1127 1127 930 930 952 952 952

952 954 954 954 954 954 1179 700 700 700 700;

1048 1048 1048 1048 926 926 926 926 926 1086 1086 1086 802

802 802 802 802 802 1086 1086 1086 1086 1086 1086 832

832 832 832 832 832 1127 1127 930 930 952 952 952

952 954 954 954 954 954 1179 700 700 700 700;

1048 1048 1048 1048 926 926 926 926 926 1086 1086 1086 1086

883 883 883 883 883 883 1086 1086 1086 1086 1086 1086

832 832 832 832 1127 1127 1127 930 930 952 952 952

952 1174 1080 1080 1080 700 700 700 700 700 700;

700 1048 1048 1048 926 926 926 926 926 1086 1086 1086 1086

883 883 883 883 883 883 1086 1086 1086 1086 1086 1086

1030 1030 1030 1030 1127 1127 1127 930 930 952 952 952

1174 1174 1174 1099 1080 1080 1080 700 700 700 700;

700 1048 1048 1048 926 926 926 926 926 1086 1086 1086 1086

883 883 883 883 883 883 925 925 925 925 925 925

1030 1030 1030 1030 1127 1127 930 930 930 886 886 1174

1174 1174 1174 1099 1099 700 700 700 700 700 700;

700 1048 1048 1048 926 926 926 926 926 1086 1086 1086 1086

883 883 883 883 883 883 925 925 925 925 925 925

1030 1030 1030 1030 1030 1127 1127 886 886 886 886 886

1174 1174 1099 1099 1099 1099 700 700 700 700 700;

700 1048 1048 1048 1048 926 926 926 885 1086 1086 1086 1086

883 883 883 883 883 883 925 925 925 925 925 925

1030 1030 1030 1030 1030 1127 886 886 886 886 886 886

1099 1099 1099 1099 1099 1099 700 700 700 700 700;

700 1048 1048 1048 1048 1048 926 926 885 885 885 885 885

1086 1086 1086 1086 1086 1043 1043 1043 1043 1043 1043 1043

1030 1030 1030 1030 1030 886 886 886 886 886 886 1099

1099 1099 1099 1099 1099 700 700 700 700 700 700;

700 700 1048 1048 1048 1048 1048 926 885 885 885 885 885

1086 1086 1086 1086 1086 1036 1036 1043 1043 1043 1043 1043

891 891 891 891 1030 970 970 970 970 970 970 970

1084 1084 1084 1084 1084 700 700 700 700 700 700;

700 700 700 1048 1048 1048 1048 885 885 885 885 885 885

1086 1086 1086 1086 1086 1036 1036 1043 1043 1043 1043 1043

891 891 891 891 891 970 970 970 970 970 970 1084

1084 1084 1084 1084 1084 700 700 700 700 700 700;

700 700 700 700 1048 1048 1048 885 885 885 885 885 885

1086 1086 1086 1086 1086 1036 1036 1043 1043 1043 1043 1043

891 891 891 891 970 970 970 970 970 970 1084 1084

1006 1006 1006 1006 1084 700 700 700 700 700 700;

700 700 700 700 700 700 1048 885 885 885 885 885 885

1086 1086 1086 1086 1086 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036

891 891 891 891 891 965 965 832 832 832 965 965

1006 1006 1006 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700;

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 885 885 885 885 885

1086 1086 1086 1086 1086 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036

1036 891 891 891 965 965 965 832 832 832 965 965

965 1006 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700;

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 885 885 885 885

1086 1086 1086 1086 1086 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036

1036 1241 1241 1241 965 965 965 832 832 832 965 965

965 965 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700;

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700

1086 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036

1036 1241 1241 965 965 965 832 832 832 965 965 965

965 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700;

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700

700 700 700 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036

1036 1036 1241 1241 965 965 965 832 832 832 965 965

965 965 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700;

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700

700 700 700 700 1036 700 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036

1036 700 1241 1241 1241 1241 965 832 1073 1073 1073 1073

1073 1073 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700;

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036

700 700 1241 1241 1241 1241 700 700 700 1073 700 700

1073 1073 1073 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700;

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700

700 1073 1073 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700;

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 1036 1036 700

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700

700 1073 1073 1073 700 700 700 700 700 700 700;

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 1036 700

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700

700 700 1073 1073 700 700 700 700 700 700 700;

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 1036

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700];

>> xi=0:.1:47; yi=30:-.1:0;

>> [xi,yi]=meshgrid(xi,yi);

>> zc=interp2(x,y,z,xi,yi,'cubic');

>> mesh(xi,yi,zc)

‘Average Percentages of the Uninsured, 2010’ CODE:

>>x=0:47;

>>y=30:-1:0;

>>z=

[0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.6 10.6 0.0;

14.1 0.0 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 17.8 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7

16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 8.9

8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.6 10.6 0.0;

14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 17.8 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7

16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 8.9

8.9 8.9 8.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.4 12.4 0.0 12.4 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.6 10.6 10.6

0.0 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 17.8 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7

16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 8.9

8.9 8.9 0.0 9.5 9.5 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.8 11.1 10.6 10.6 10.6;

0.0 17.0 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 17.8 17.8 16.7 16.7 16.7

16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 8.9

8.9 8.9 8.9 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.4 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.9 7.8 11.1 10.6 10.6 0.0;

0.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.8 17.8 16.7 16.7 16.7

16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 8.9

8.9 8.9 8.9 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0.0 12.4 12.4 12.4 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.9 11.9 7.8 11.1 10.6 0.0 0.0;

0.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.8 17.8 17.8 16.7 16.7 14.6

14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 8.9

8.9 8.9 8.9 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0.0 12.4 12.4 0.0 12.4

0.0 0.0 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 7.8 11.1 11.1 0.0 0.0;

0.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 14.6

14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 8.9

8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9 9.5 9.5 9.5 0.0 12.4 12.4 12.4 0.0

0.0 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 4.3 4.3 4.3 0.0 0.0;

0.0 18.4 18.4 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 14.6

14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 9.3

9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.5 9.5 9.5 14.9 12.4 12.4 12.4 0.0

0.0 10.1 10.1 10.1 11.9 11.9 9.0 9.0 11.9 4.3 0.0;

18.4 18.4 18.4 18.4 22.5 22.5 22.5 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 14.6

14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 9.3

9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 13.9 13.9 14.9 14.9 12.2 12.2 12.2

12.2 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 13.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0;

18.4 18.4 18.4 18.4 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 14.6

14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 9.3

9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 13.9 13.9 14.9 14.9 12.2 12.2 12.2

12.2 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 13.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0;

18.4 18.4 18.4 18.4 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5

15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7

9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 13.9 13.9 13.9 14.9 14.9 12.2 12.2 12.2

12.2 14.6 11.3 11.3 11.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0;

0.0 18.4 18.4 18.4 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5

15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7

13.2 13.2 13.2 13.2 13.9 13.9 13.9 14.9 14.9 12.2 12.2 12.2

14.6 14.6 14.6 12.6 11.3 11.3 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0;

0.0 18.4 18.4 18.4 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5

15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.6

13.2 13.2 13.2 13.2 13.9 13.9 14.9 14.9 14.9 15.1 15.1 14.6

14.6 14.6 14.6 12.6 12.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0;

0.0 18.4 18.4 18.4 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5

15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.6

13.2 13.2 13.2 13.2 13.2 13.9 13.9 15.1 15.1 15.1 15.1 15.1

14.6 14.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0;

0.0 18.4 18.4 18.4 18.4 22.5 22.5 22.5 16.9 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5

15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.6 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.6

13.2 13.2 13.2 13.2 13.2 13.9 15.1 15.1 15.1 15.1 15.1 15.1

12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0;

0.0 18.4 18.4 18.4 18.4 18.4 22.5 22.5 16.9 16.9 16.9 16.9 16.9

19.9 19.9 19.9 19.9 19.9 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0

13.2 13.2 13.2 13.2 13.2 15.1 15.1 15.1 15.1 15.1 15.1 12.6

12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0;

0.0 0.0 18.4 18.4 18.4 18.4 18.4 22.5 16.9 16.9 16.9 16.9 16.9

19.9 19.9 19.9 19.9 19.9 23.7 23.7 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0

17.3 17.3 17.3 17.3 13.2 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3

16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0;

0.0 0.0 0.0 18.4 18.4 18.4 18.4 16.9 16.9 16.9 16.9 16.9 16.9

19.9 19.9 19.9 19.9 19.9 23.7 23.7 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0

17.3 17.3 17.3 17.3 17.3 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3 16.7

16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0;

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.4 18.4 18.4 16.9 16.9 16.9 16.9 16.9 16.9

19.9 19.9 19.9 19.9 19.9 23.7 23.7 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0

17.3 17.3 17.3 17.3 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3 16.7 16.7

17.4 17.4 17.4 17.4 16.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0;

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.4 16.9 16.9 16.9 16.9 16.9 16.9

19.9 19.9 19.9 19.9 19.9 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7

17.3 17.3 17.3 17.3 17.3 18.0 18.0 14.6 14.6 14.6 19.6 19.6

17.4 17.4 17.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0;

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.9 16.9 16.9 16.9 16.9

19.9 19.9 19.9 19.9 19.9 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7

23.7 17.3 17.3 17.3 18.0 18.0 18.0 14.6 14.6 14.6 19.6 19.6

19.6 17.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0;

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.9 16.9 16.9 16.9

19.9 19.9 19.9 19.9 19.9 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7

23.7 17.6 17.6 17.6 18.0 18.0 18.0 14.6 14.6 14.6 19.6 19.6

19.6 19.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0;

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

19.9 19.9 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7

23.7 23.7 17.6 17.6 18.0 18.0 18.0 14.6 14.6 14.6 19.6 19.6

19.6 19.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0;

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7

23.7 23.7 17.6 17.6 18.0 18.0 18.0 14.6 14.6 14.6 19.6 19.6

19.6 19.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0;

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.7 0.0 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7

23.7 0.0 17.6 17.6 17.6 17.6 18.0 14.6 21.2 21.2 21.2 21.2

21.2 21.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0;

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7

0.0 0.0 17.6 17.6 17.6 17.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.2 0.0 0.0

21.2 21.2 21.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0;

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 21.2 21.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0;

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.7 23.7 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 21.2 21.2 21.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0;

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.7 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 21.2 21.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0;

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.7

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0];

>> xi=0:.1:47; yi=30:-.1:0;

>> [xi,yi]=meshgrid(xi,yi);

>> zc=interp2(x,y,z,xi,yi,'cubic');

>> mesh(xi,yi,zc)

‘Life Expectancy, 2010’ CODE:

>> x=0:47;

>> y=30:-1:0;

>> z=

[75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 79.2 79.2 75.0;

79.9 75.0 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5

78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 81.1

81.1 81.1 81.1 81.1 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 79.2 79.2 75.0;

79.9 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5

78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 81.1

81.1 81.1 81.1 75.0 75.0 75.0 78.2 78.2 75.0 78.2 75.0 75.0

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 79.2 79.2 79.2;

75.0 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5

78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 81.1

81.1 81.1 75.0 80.0 80.0 78.2 78.2 78.2 78.2 75.0 75.0 75.0

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 80.5 80.3 79.2 79.2 79.2;

75.0 79.5 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.9 79.5 79.5 78.5 78.5 78.5

78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 81.1

81.1 81.1 81.1 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 78.2 75.0

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 80.5 80.5 80.3 79.2 79.2 75.0;

75.0 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 78.5 78.5 78.5

78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 81.1

81.1 81.1 81.1 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 75.0 78.2 78.2 78.2 75.0

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 80.5 80.5 80.5 80.3 79.2 75.0 75.0;

75.0 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 78.5 78.5 78.3

78.3 78.3 78.3 78.3 78.3 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 81.1

81.1 81.1 81.1 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 75.0 78.2 78.2 75.0 78.2

75.0 75.0 80.5 80.5 80.5 80.5 80.5 80.3 80.3 75.0 75.0;

75.0 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 78.3

78.3 78.3 78.3 78.3 78.3 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 81.1

81.1 81.1 81.1 81.1 80.0 80.0 80.0 75.0 78.2 78.2 78.2 75.0

75.0 80.5 80.5 80.5 80.5 80.5 80.5 80.5 80.5 75.0 75.0;

75.0 80.8 80.8 80.8 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 78.3

78.3 78.3 78.3 78.3 78.3 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.7

79.7 79.7 79.7 79.7 80.0 80.0 80.0 77.6 78.2 78.2 78.2 75.0

75.0 78.5 78.5 78.5 80.5 80.5 80.8 80.8 79.9 80.5 75.0;

80.8 80.8 80.8 80.8 78.1 78.1 78.1 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 78.3

78.3 78.3 78.3 78.3 78.3 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.7

79.7 79.7 79.7 79.7 79.7 79.0 79.0 77.6 77.6 77.8 77.8 77.8

77.8 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 80.3 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0;

80.8 80.8 80.8 80.8 78.1 78.1 78.1 78.1 78.1 80.2 80.2 80.2 78.3

78.3 78.3 78.3 78.3 78.3 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.7

79.7 79.7 79.7 79.7 79.7 79.0 79.0 77.6 77.6 77.8 77.8 77.8

77.8 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 80.3 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0;

80.8 80.8 80.8 80.8 78.1 78.1 78.1 78.1 78.1 80.2 80.2 80.2 80.2

80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8

79.7 79.7 79.7 79.7 79.0 79.0 79.0 77.6 77.6 77.8 77.8 77.8

77.8 75.4 78.8 78.8 78.8 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0;

75.0 80.8 80.8 80.8 78.1 78.1 78.1 78.1 78.1 80.2 80.2 80.2 80.2

80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8

77.5 77.5 77.5 77.5 79.0 79.0 79.0 77.6 77.6 77.8 77.8 77.8

75.4 75.4 75.4 79.0 78.8 78.8 78.4 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0;

75.0 80.8 80.8 80.8 78.1 78.1 78.1 78.1 78.1 80.2 80.2 80.2 80.2

80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 78.7 78.7 78.7 78.7 78.7 78.7

77.5 77.5 77.5 77.5 79.0 79.0 77.6 77.6 77.6 76.0 76.0 75.4

75.4 75.4 75.4 79.0 79.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0;

75.0 80.8 80.8 80.8 78.1 78.1 78.1 78.1 78.1 80.2 80.2 80.2 80.2

80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 78.7 78.7 78.7 78.7 78.7 78.7

77.5 77.5 77.5 77.5 77.5 79.0 79.0 76.0 76.0 76.0 76.0 76.0

75.4 75.4 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0;

75.0 80.8 80.8 80.8 80.8 78.1 78.1 78.1 79.6 80.2 80.2 80.2 80.2

80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 78.7 78.7 78.7 78.7 78.7 78.7

77.5 77.5 77.5 77.5 77.5 79.0 76.0 76.0 76.0 76.0 76.0 76.0

79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0;

75.0 80.8 80.8 80.8 80.8 80.8 78.1 78.1 79.6 79.6 79.6 79.6 79.6

78.4 78.4 78.4 78.4 78.4 75.9 75.9 75.9 75.9 75.9 75.9 75.9

77.5 77.5 77.5 77.5 77.5 76.0 76.0 76.0 76.0 76.0 76.0 79.0

79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0;

75.0 75.0 80.8 80.8 80.8 80.8 80.8 78.1 79.6 79.6 79.6 79.6 79.6

78.4 78.4 78.4 78.4 78.4 78.5 78.5 75.9 75.9 75.9 75.9 75.9

76.0 76.0 76.0 76.0 77.5 76.3 76.3 76.3 76.3 76.3 76.3 76.3

77.8 77.8 77.8 77.8 77.8 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0;

75.0 75.0 75.0 80.8 80.8 80.8 80.8 79.6 79.6 79.6 79.6 79.6 79.6

78.4 78.4 78.4 78.4 78.4 78.5 78.5 75.9 75.9 75.9 75.9 75.9

76.0 76.0 76.0 76.0 76.0 76.3 76.3 76.3 76.3 76.3 76.3 77.8

77.8 77.8 77.8 77.8 77.8 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0;

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 80.8 80.8 80.8 79.6 79.6 79.6 79.6 79.6 79.6

78.4 78.4 78.4 78.4 78.4 78.5 78.5 75.9 75.9 75.9 75.9 75.9

76.0 76.0 76.0 76.0 76.3 76.3 76.3 76.3 76.3 76.3 77.8 77.8

77.0 77.0 77.0 77.0 77.8 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0;

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 80.8 79.6 79.6 79.6 79.6 79.6 79.6

78.4 78.4 78.4 78.4 78.4 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5

76.0 76.0 76.0 76.0 76.0 75.0 75.0 75.4 75.4 75.4 77.2 77.2

77.0 77.0 77.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0;

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 79.6 79.6 79.6 79.6 79.6

78.4 78.4 78.4 78.4 78.4 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5

78.5 76.0 76.0 76.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.4 75.4 75.4 77.2 77.2

77.2 77.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0;

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 79.6 79.6 79.6 79.6

78.4 78.4 78.4 78.4 78.4 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5

78.5 75.7 75.7 75.7 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.4 75.4 75.4 77.2 77.2

77.2 77.2 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0;

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5

78.5 78.5 75.7 75.7 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.4 75.4 75.4 77.2 77.2

77.2 77.2 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0;

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5

78.5 78.5 75.7 75.7 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.4 75.4 75.4 77.2 77.2

77.2 77.2 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0;

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5

78.5 75.0 75.7 75.7 75.7 75.7 75.0 75.4 79.4 79.4 79.4 79.4

79.4 79.4 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0;

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5

75.0 75.0 75.7 75.7 75.7 75.7 75.0 75.0 75.0 79.4 75.0 75.0

79.4 79.4 79.4 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0;

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0

75.0 79.4 79.4 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0;

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 78.5 78.5 75.0

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0

75.0 79.4 79.4 79.4 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0;

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 78.5 78.5 75.0

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0

75.0 75.0 79.4 79.4 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0;

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 78.5

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0

75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0];

>> xi=0:.08:47; yi=30:-.08:0;

>> [xi,yi]=meshgrid(xi,yi);

>> zc=interp2(x,y,z,xi,yi,'cubic');

>> mesh(xi,yi,zc)

Resources

2015 Kaiser Family Foundation. Life Expectancy at Birth (in years). Retrieved from

http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/life-expectancy/

SHADAC’s Data Center. (2013). Coverage Type, Total. Retrieved from

http://datacenter.shadac.org/rank/236/coverage-type-

total#1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,

36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52/1/5/458/false/location

National Conference of State Legislatures. (2015.) Health Insurance: Premiums and Increases. Retrieved from http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/health-insurance-premiums.aspx

U.S. Census Bureau. (2014). State Median Income.

http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/statemedian/

Google Maps/Earth. (2012). United States.

https://www.google.com/maps/place/United+States/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x54eab584e432360b:0x1c3bb99243deb742?sa=X&ei=7j8PVaCHCdK1sQTeooDYDg&ved=0CEAQ8gEwAA