Final Course Project (Structures) - Road bridge

7/21/2019 Final Course Project (Structures) - Road bridge

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/final-course-project-structures-road-bridge 1/68

SUGEGK@ CF IVUY@ (AUV]@ 9 ’ XDIS@U EVYSGJSF, AGEUDFB GUJFNSG, FNUDWVF BFTXG)

SGBBFU CF ]U@TFIS@Y CF FYSUVISVUGY

GNFK@ CF IÇBIVB@Y

FNUDWVF BFTXG UDI@AGEUDFB GUJFNSG CF BG HB@U

XDIS@U EVYSGJGNSF HFUNÇNCF[

GNFK@ CF IÇBIVB@Y




SGBBFU CF ]U@TFIS@Y CF FYS UVISVUGY

ÊNCDIF

7. GIID@NFY Y@EUF FB SGEBFU@ T BGY ]DBG ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7

Igpêtub` 9; Giid`nfs ]frjgnfntfs...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7

9.7 Giid`nfs ]frjgnfntfs cf vgb`r i`nstgntf (A) .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7

9.5 Giid`nfs ]frjgnfntfs cf vgb`r n` i`nstgntf (A*) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5

Igpêtub` 3; Giid`nfs Xgrdgebfs (W) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3

3.7. Yèrfigrags cf us`.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3

3.5. Xdfnt` ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1

3.9. Giidùn Särjdig .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7=

3.3. Ndfvf ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................75

3.6. @trgs Xgrdgebfs ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................79

Igpêtub` 6; Giid`nfs Giidcfntgbfs ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................73

6.7 Djpgit`s.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................73

6.5 Giidùn Yêsjdig (GF) ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................73

6.9 @trgs Giid`nfs Giidcfntgbfs .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................73

Igpêtub` 8; Egsfs pgrg bg i`jedngidùn cf giid`nfs ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................76

8.7 Xgb`rfs rfprfsfntgtdv`s cf bgs giid`nfs .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................76

8.5 Xgb`r cf içbiub` cf bgs giid`nfs ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................76

8.9

Ufsujfn giid`nfs ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7<

8.3 I`jedngidùn cf giid`nfs ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7<

5. YGBDCG CF UFYVBSGC@Y ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................57

J`cfb` 7 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................57

Cdgargjgs (J`jfnt`s hbfit`rfs y i`rtgntf fn bg vdag) ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................57

Cdgargjgs (J`jfnt`s hfbit`rfs y i`rtgntf fn bg b`sg).........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................55

J`cfb` 5 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................53

Cdgargjg (J`jfnt`s Hbfit`rfs y I`rtgntf fn fb cdntfb) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................53

Cdgargjg (J`jfnt`s Hbfit`rfs, I`rtgntf y gxdb fn bg pdbg) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................56

9. JGSFUDGBFY ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................58

9.7. L`rjdaùn LG-56/E/5=/DDe.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................58

9.5. Gifr` E 6== Y ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5<

9.9. Gifr` y 7<8= i .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................54

3. GUJGC@ SGEBFU@ ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................97

6. GUJGC@ B@YG ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9<

6.7. ]r`pdfcgcfs cf bg sfiidùn...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9<

6.5. Grjgcurg b`nadtucdngb ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................94

6.5.7. Grjgcurg p`sdtdv`s ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................94

6.5.5. Grjgcurg nfagtdv`s ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3=

6.9. Grjgc` cf bg b`sg i`n YG]5===....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3=

GNFK@ CF IÇBIVB@Y



SUGEGK@ CF IVUY@ (AUV]@ 9)


6.3. I`jprègidùn hdsurgidùn ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................37

6.3.7. Grjgcurg p`sdtdv`s ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................37

6.3.5. Grjgcurg nfagtdv`s ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................35

8. GUJGC@ CDNSFB ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................39

8.7. ]r`pdfcgcfs cf bg sfiidùn...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................39

8.5. Grjgc` b`nadtucdngb. .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................33

8.5.7. grjgc` p`sdtdv`s ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................33

8.5.5. Grjgc` nfagtdv`s ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................36

8.9. Grjgc` trgnsvfrsgb ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................38

8.3. J`cfb`s Fbfjfnt`s Ylfbb YG]5=== ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................38

8.6. I`jprègidùn hdsurgidùn ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3<

8.6.7. Grjgcurg p`sdtdv`s ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3<

8.6.5. Grjgcurg nfagtdv`s ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3<

1. GUJGC@ ]DBG ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................6=

1.9. ]`pdfcgcfs cf bg sfiidùn ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................6=

1.3. Grjgcurg b`nadtucdngb ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................67

1.6. Grjgcurg trgnsvfrsgb .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................65

<. GUJGC@ IDJFNSGIDÙN ]DBG ([G]GSG) ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................66

4. GUJGC@ FYSUDE@ ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................61

4.9. J`cfb` fn YG]5=== ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................61

7=. NF@]UFN@Y ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................87

77. J@CFB@ FN FBFJFNS@Y YLFBB ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................85







7. GIID@NFY Y@EUF FB SGEBFU@ T BGY ]DBGYdaudfnc` b` fstgebfidc` fn bg Dnstruiidùn sèrf bgs Giid`nfs g i`nsdcfrgr fn fb pr`yfit` cf ]ufntfs cf igrrftfrg (DG]-77)

IG]ÊSVB@ 9; GIID@NFY ]FUJGNFNSFY9.7 GIID@NFY ]FUJGNFNSFY CF XGB@U I@NYSGNSF (A)

Bgs igrags pfrjgnfntfs s`n pr`cuidcgs p`r fb pfs` cf b`s cdstdnt`s fbfjfnt`s quf h`rjgn pgrtf cfb pufntf. G fhfit`s cfgpbdigidùn cf fstg Dnstruiidùn sf ibgsdhdign fn pfs` pr`pd` y igrags jufrtgs.

Yu vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` sf cfcuidrç cf bgs cdjfnsd`nfs cf b`s fbfjfnt`s fspfidhdigc`s fn b`s pbgn`s, y cf b`s pfs`sfspfiêhdi`s i`rrfsp`ncdfntfs.

Ygbv` kustdhdigidùn fxprfsg, sf t`jgrgn pgrg b`s jgtfrdgbfs cf i`nstruiidùn jçs usugbfs b`s sdaudfntfs pfs`s fspfiêhdi`s;

9.7.7 ]fs` ]r`pd`;Fstg giidùn fs bg quf i`rrfsp`ncf gb pfs` cf b`s fbfjfnt`s fstruiturgbfs y su vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` p`crç cfcuidrsf cf bg

tgebg 9.7-g.

Fb pfs` fspfiêhdi` cf l`rjdaùn sfrç gi`rcf i`n fb tdp` cf çrdc` fjpbfgc` fn su hgerdigidùn y, fn fb igs` cfb l`rjdaùngrjgc` prftfnsgc`, i`n iugntêg cf gifr` cdspufstg.

Yf tfncrç fn iufntg fb pfs` cf t`c`s b`s fbfjfnt`s pr`yfitgc`s, i`j` rd`strgs, i`stdbbgs, tgi`nfs cf gnibgkf, jgjpgr`s,fti., fn fb igs` cf pufntfs cf l`rjdaùn, c dghrgajgs, rdadcdzgc`rfs, i`stdtgs, fti., fn fb igs` cf pufntfs cf gifr` ` jdxt`s.

Iugnc` fb pfs` quf rfsubtf cf bgs jfcdid`nfs ètfndcgs g pgrtdr cf b`s pbgn`s cf pr`yfit` sèrfpgsf fn jçs cf un 6% fbvgb`r cfb pfs` pr`pd` dndidgbjfntf fstdjgc` i`j` giidùn fn bgs egsfs cf içbiub` cfb pr`yfit`, cfefrçn gcgptgrsf cdil`s içbiub`sgb pfs` quf sf cfcuif cf b` rfprfsfntgc` fn b`s pbgn`s.

• Xdags prftfnsgcgs

• Cdntfb• ]dbgs• [gpgtgs

9.7.5 Igrags jufrtgs;Y`n bgs cfedcgs g b`s fbfjfnt`s n` fstruiturgbfs quf argvdtgn sèrf b`s fstruiturgbfs, tgbfs i`j`; pgvdjfnt` cf igbzgcg y

gifrgs, fbfjfnt`s cf i`ntfnidùn, c`tgid`nfs vdgbfs y cf bg pr`pdg fstruiturg, i`ncuit`s cf sfrvdid`, fti.

Fb fspfs`r jçxdj` cfb pgvdjfnt` edtujdn`s` pr`yfitgc` y i`nstrudc` sèrf tgebfr`s cf pufntfs, dnibudcg bg prfifptdvgigpg cf djpfrjfgedbdzgidùn y bg fvfntugb igpg cf rfaubgrdzgidùn, n` sfrç fn ndnaûn igs` supfrd`r g cdfz ifntêjftr`s (7= ij),sgbv` gprègidùn fxprfsg cf bg Cdrfiidùn Afnfrgb cf Igrrftfrgs.

]grg bg cftfrjdngidùn cfb vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` cf fstg giidùn p`crçn gc`ptgrsf b`s pfs`s fspfiêhdi`s dncdigc`s fn bg tgebg9.7-g y, fn su cfhfit`, b`s rfi`jfncgc`s fn n`rjgs fspfiêhdigs cf igcg jgtfrdgb prfvdst` fn fb pr`yfit`, ` b`s ètfndc`s p`r

pfsgcgs cdrfitgs pgrg gqufbb`s fn b`s quf n` fs gpbdigebf ndnaun` cf b`s c`s supufst`s.

N` èstgntf, g fhfit`s cf içbiub`, pgrg bg giidùn cfedcg gb pgvdjfnt` sf cfefrçn i`nsdcfrgr c`s vgb`rfs fxtrfj`s;- Xgb`r dnhfrdr (Ao,dnh ), cftfrjdngc` i`n b`s fspfs`rfs tfùrdi`s cfhdndc`s fn fb pr`yfit`.- Xgb`r supfrd`r (Ao,sup), etfndc` dnirfjfntgnc` un idniufntg p`r idfnt` (6=%) b`s fspfs`rfs tfùrdi`s cfhdndc`s fn fb

pr`yfit`.

Fstf vgb`r n` pfrjdtf, fn j`c` gbaun`, bg rflgedbdtgidùn cfb pgvdjfnt` p`r fxtfnsdùn cf nufvgs igpgs. ]`r tgnt`, fb pr`yfit` n` sùb` cfhdndrç i`n suhdidfntf prfidsdùn bg tdp`bàêg cf bg djpfrjfgedbdzgidùn y cf b`s pgvdjfnt`s, fstucdgnc` i`ncftgbbf bg hunid`ngbdcgc cf fst`s ûbtdj`s i`jpgtdebf i`n bg cfh`rjdcgc cfb tgebfr` y su i`nsfrvgidùn g jfcd` y bgra` pbgz`, sdn`quf tgjedän, g fhfit`s cf bg i`rrfitg fxpb`tgidùn y i`nsfrvgidùn cfb pufntf, dnibudrç irdtfrd`s sèrf bg rflgedbdtgidùn cf b`s

pgvdjfnt`s fn b` rfhfrfntf g pfs`s ` fspfs`rfs, c fh`rjgedbdcgc, igrgitfrêstdigs, y iugbqudfr `tr` gspfit` täindi` quf fb pr`yfitdstg i`nsdcfrf djp`rtgntf pgrg bg sfaurdcgc ` hunid`ngbdcgc cf bg fstruiturg.

Fb vgb`r quf sf i`nsdcfrf pgrg fb pfs` cfb pgvdjfnt`, Ao,dnh ` Ao,sup sfrç fb jdsj` pgrg t`cg bg fstruiturg.

]grg fb pfs` pr`pd` cf tuefrêgs y tr`s sfrvdid`s s`p`rtgc`s p`r fb pufntf, sf t`jgrgn tgjedän c`s vgb`rfs fxtrfj`s, Ao,dnh y Ao,sup, i`nsdcfrçnc`sf ung cfsvdgidùn rfspfit` g su vgb`r jfcd` cf ·5=%.

Fb pfs` cfb gaug i`ntfndcg fn ung igngbdzgidùn s`p`rtgcg p`r un pufntf sf t`jgrç fn prdnidpd` i`j` igrag jufrtg y sfi`nsdcfrgrçn b`s pfs`s cf bgs igngbdzgid`nfs tgnt` vgiêgs i`j` bbfngs.

Fb pfs` cf b`s rfbbfn`s sèrf fbfjfnt`s cf bg fstruiturg (b`sgs, cdntfbfs, zgpgtgs, fti.) sf i`nsdcfrgrç tgjedän i`j` igragjufrtg. Fstf pfs` sf cftfrjdngrç gpbdignc` gb v`bujfn cf tfrrfn` quf argvdtf sèrf bg supfrhdidf cfb fbfjfnt` l`rdz`ntgb, fb

pfs` fspfiêhdi` cfb rfbbfn` vfrtdc` y i`jpgitgc`. Yd n` sf cdspusdfrg cf cgt`s rfgbfs cf fstf pfs` fspfiêhdi`, sf p`crçn gc`ptgrb`s cfhdndc`s fn bg tgebg 9.7-g pgrg jgtfrdgbfs argnubgrfs y rfbbfn`s.

• ]gvdjfnt`;Yèrf ung supfrhdidf cf 7=,<= j x 65 j, i`n ung gbturg cf pgvdjfnt` cf jfzibg edtujdn`sg cf gbturg =,=9 j (9 ij) ê ; : 59 9⁃

;

: 59

9

± (7,5=

± =,=9

) ±7,6∑ : 7,535

⁃

(*) Ao, sup ètfndc` dnirfjfntgnc` un 6=% fb fspfs`r cf pr`yfit`

• Jurftf cf l`rjdaùn; ê ℎù; : 56 9⁃ ; , : 56 ±

(=,8= ± =,8=) : 4 ⁃

GNFK@ CF IÇBIVB@Y ]çadng 7





• ]gntgbbg pgig y egrrfrg jftçbdig; : 6 ⁃ ( ) : 6 ⁃ ( )

Igrags pfrjgnfntfs

9.5 GIID@NFY ]FUJGNFNSFY CF XGB@U N@ I@NYSGNSF (A*)9.5.7 ]rfs`bdidtgid`nfs

Fn fb tärjdn` prfs`bdidtgid`nfs, sf i`nsdcfrgrçn dnibudcgs t`cgs bgs h`rjgs p`sdebfs cf dntr`cuidr fshufrz`s fn ungfstruiturg gntfs cf su pufstg fn sfrvdid`, i`n fb hdn cf jfk`rgr su rfspufstg hrfntf gb i`nkunt` cf s`bdidtgid`nfs g bgs quf

p`stfrd`rjfntf sf vfrç s`jftdcg.

Gb i`nsdcfrgr fstgs giid`nfs sf cfefrç tfnfr prfsfntf quf, fn bg jgy`rêg cf b`s igs`s, bg hbufnidg cfb l`rjdaùn rfcuif pgridgbjfntf bgs vfntgkgs dndidgbfs quf dni`rp`rgn, p`r b` quf sfrç djprfsidncdebf tfnfr fn iufntg fb vgb`r cf fstg cdsjdnuidùnfn un dnstgntf cf tdfjp` fn quf cdilg hbufnidg sf i`nsdcfrf fstgedbdzgcg.

9.5.7.7 ]rftfnsgc`Bgs giid`nfs pr`cuidcgs p`r fb prftfnsgc` sf vgb`rgrgn tfndfnc` fn iufntg bg h`rjg cf dntr`cuiidùn cf bgs jdsjgs y bg

p`sdedbdcgc cf cfh`rjgidùn cf bg fstruiturg.

G fhfit`s cf gpbdigidùn cf fstg Dnstruiidùn sf i`nsdcfrgrçn c`s tdp`s cf giidùn cfb prftfnsgc`;g) Sdp` ]7; Fs bg dncuidcg p`r fbfjfnt`s i`bìgc`s cfntr` cfb i`nt`rn` cf bg sfiidùn fstruiturgb cf l`rjdaùn (prftfnsgc`

dntfrd`r), ` hufrg cf bg sfiidùn pfr` cfntr` cfb ignt` cf bg fstruiturg (prftfnsgc` fxtfrd`r). G t`c`s b`s fhfit`s sfi`nsdcfrgrç y trgtgrg cf giufrc` i`n b` fspfidhdigc` fn bg vdafntf Dnstruiidùn cf l`rjdaùn fstruiturgb (FLF-=<) `n`rjgtdvg quf bg sustdtuyg.

e) Sdp` ]5; Fs bg dncuidcg g trgväs cf fbfjfnt`s cdhfrfnidgc`s fn fb fsqufjg fstruiturgb (tdrgntfs, pänc`bgs, prftfnsgc`fxtfrd`r hufrg cfb ignt`, fti.).Bgs giid`nfs cfb tdp` ]5 vgrêgn fn hunidùn cf bg jgandtuc cf bgs igrags pfrjgnfntfs cf vgb`r i`nstgntf, p`r b` qufcfefn sfr i`nsdcfrgcgs gjegs i`nkuntgjfntf y n` cf h`rjg dncfpfncdfntf, pgrg quf fstf trgtgjdfnt` cf bg giidùn cfb

prftfnsgc` tdp` ]5 sfg cf gpbdigidùn, sf cfefrçn iujpbdr bgs sdaudfntfs i`ncdid`nfs;

- Yf djp`ncrç un i`ntr`b rdaur`s` cf pfs`s y hufrzgs gpbdigc`s, gsê i`j` cf bg rfspufstg cf bg fstruiturg.- Fb pr`yfit` dnibudrç un pbgn cf i`nsfrvgidùn cfb pufntf fn quf sf i`ntr`bf quf bg giidùn rfsubtgntf cfb sdstfjg cf

hufrzgs sf jgntdfnfn cfntr` cf b`s bêjdtfs supufst`s fn fb pr`yfit`.- G b` bgra` cf bg vdcg cf bg fstruiturg sfrç p`sdebf j`cdhdigr gbaung cf bgs giid`nfs cfb sdstfjg i`n fb hdn cf

jgntfnfr bg rfspufstg cf bg jdsjg cfntr` cf un`s bêjdtfs gcjdsdebfs.

Fb prftfnsgc` fxtrgc`sgc` fs un tdp` cf prfs`bdidtgidùn quf sf fniufntrg fntrf b`s prftfnsgc`s tdp` ]7 y ]5 gquê cfhdndc`s.Yu sfjfkgnzg g un` cf b`s c`s cfpfncf cf bg rdadcfz cf bg fstruiturg y cf su fsqufjg fstruiturgb. Fn hunidùn cf fstgsigrgitfrêstdigs, fb pr`yfitdstg kustdhdigrg fn fb pr`yfit` fb trgtgjdfnt` gc`ptgc` pgrg fb prftfnsgc` fxtrgc`sgc`.

9.5.7.5 @trgs prfs`bdidtgid`nfs9.5.5 Giid`nfs rf`bùadigs9.5.9 Fjpukf cfb tfrrfn`

Fb fjpukf cfb tfrrfn`, ngturgb cf rfbbfn`, sèrf fbfjfnt`s cf bg fstruiturg (jur`s, gbftgs, fti.) sf cftfrjdngrç fn hunidùncf bgs igrgitfrêstdigs cfb tfrrfn` y cf trgs i`nsdcfrgid`nfs af`jätrdigs.

Iugnc` bg gitugidùn cfb fjpukf sfg cfshgv`rgebf pgrg fb fbfjfnt` y fhfit` fstucdgc`, su vgb`r nunig sfrç dnhfrd`r gbfjpukf ldcr`stçtdi` cf un hbudc` cf pfs` fspfiêhdi` daugb g 6 ON/j9.

Iugnc` fxdstgn dnifrtdcujerfs sèrf bg gitugidùn fhfitdvg cfb fjpukf cf tdfrrgs y su giidùn sfg hgv`rgebf pgrg fb fbfjfnt`y fhfit` fn fstucd`, n` sf i`nsdcfrgrç su gitugidùn.

Bg j`vdbdzgidùn cf bg t`tgbdcgc cfb fjpukf pgsdv` rfqudfrf quf sf pr`cuzign cfspbgzgjdfnt`s djp`rtgntfs cf bg fstruiturgquf, fn juil`s igs`s, n` s`n t`bfrgebfs p`r rgz`nfs hunid`ngbfs. ]`r fbb`, fstg giidùn sdfjprf cfef fstdjgrsf i`n pgrçjftr`saf`täindi`s i`nsfrvgc`rfs, y, sgbv` kustdhdigidùn fxprfsg, su vgb`r sf i`nsdcfrgrç rfcuidc` p`r un hgit`r cf 5,=.

N` sf dnibudrç fn fstg giidùn fb dnirfjfnt` cfb fjpukf, trgsjdtdc` p`r fb tfrrfn gb fbfjfnt` fstruiturgb, pr`cuidc` p`r bgsèrfigrag cf us` quf pufcg gitugr fn bg i`r`ngidùn cf b`s tfrrgpbfnfs. Fb fhfit` cf cdilg sèrfigrag sf i`nsdcfrgrç i`j` unggiidùn vgrdgebf cf giufrc` i`n b` fspfidhdigc` fn fb gpgrtgc` 3.7.8.

Fn fb igs` cf fstruiturgs fntfrrgcgs (jgri`s, pùrtdi`s, eùvfcgs, fti.) sf tfncrçn fn iufntg bgs fspfidhdigid`nfs sdaudfntfs;- Iugnc` fb fhfit` cf b`s fjpukfs cf tdfrrgs fn gje`s bgc`s sf i`jpfnsf, sf i`nsdcfrgrç bg gitugidùn cfb fjpukf

gb rfp`s` cf b`s rfbbfn`s y sf dnirfjfntgrç fn un 7=% fb fjpukf cf tdfrrgs g un` cf b`s bgc`s cf bg fstruiturg y sfrfcuidrç fn un 7=% fb fjpukf fn fb `tr` bgc`.

- Yf i`nsdcfrgrç bg ldpùtfsds cf cfsfqudbderd` cf b`s fjpukfs ldcr`stçtdi`s (giidùn cfhdndcg fn fb gpgrtgc` 3.6.7.7)g gje`s bgc`s cf bg fstruiturg, sgbv` sd fn fb pr`yfit` sf cfhdnfn b`s sdstfjgs cf crfngkf y cfsgaòf nfifsgrd`s,tgnt` fn bg i`r`ngidùn cf rfbbfn` i`j` fn gje`s bgc`s cf bg fstruiturg.

- Gcfjçs cf bg sfiidùn cf jçxdjg gbturg cf j`ntfrg, sf i`jprègrgn bgs sfiid`nfs cf jçxdj` cfsfqudbderd` cftdfrrgs fntrf gje`s lgstdgbfs, gsê i`j` t`cgs gqufbbgs sfiid`nfs dntfrjfcdgs fn quf sfg pfrtdnfntf.

- G fhfit`s cf içbiub`, sf i`nsdcfrgrç quf fn i`nstruiidùn, y sgbv` kustdhdigidùn fxprfsg, pufcf pr`cuidrsf ungcdhfrfnidg cf gbturg cf rfbbfn`s g gje`s bgc`s cf bg fstruiturg fntfrrgcg cf, gb jfn`s, 7,== j. Fb vgb`r cf bg

cdhfrfnidg cf gbturg i`nsdcfrgcg fn b`s içbiub`s cfefrç hdaurgr fxprfsgjfntf fn b`s pbgn`s y fn fb pbdfa` cf prfsirdpid`nfs cfb pr`yfit` i`j` vgb`r jçxdj gcjdsdebf curgntf bg hgsf cf i`nstruiidùn.

- Iugnc` fb fstucd` cf b`s fhfit`s cf bg dntfrgiidùn sufb`-fstruiturg sf ge`rcf jfcdgntf j`cfb`s tfns`-cfh`rjgid`ngbfs quf dntfarfn fb fhfit` cfb pfs` cf bgs tdfrrgs i`n fb cf b`s fjpukfs cfb rfbbfn` sèrf bg fstruiturg(edfn jfcdgntf j`cfb`s cf jufbbfs ` edfn p`r fbfjfnt`s hdndt`s), fb pr`yfitdstg cfefrç rfgbdzgr un gnçbdsds cfsfnsdedbdcgc cf bgs s`bdidtgid`nfs fstruiturgbfs fn hunidùn cfb rgna` p`sdebf cf vgrdgidùn cf b`s pgrçjftr`saf`täindi`s y cf rdadcfz cfb rfbbfn`. Yf kustdhdigrgn bgs ldpùtfsds cf igrag i`nsdcfrgcgs, quf cfefrçn dni`rp`rgrn` sùb` p`sdebfs vgrdgid`nfs abègbfs cf cdil`s pgrçjftr`s sdn` tgjedän gsdjftrêgs fn bg rfspufstg cfb rfbbfn` ggje`s bgc`s cf bg fstruiturg fntfrrgcg. Fb cdsf÷` cf bg fstruiturg cfefrç gsdjdsj` iuerdr bgs dnifrtdcujerfs cfbj`cfb` agrgntdzgnc` bg suhdidfntf cuitdbdcgc cf su rfspufstg abègb.

]çadng 5 GNFK@ CF IÇBIVB@Y





9.5.3 Gsdfnt`s cfb tfrrfn` cf idjfntgidùnB`s vgb`rfs cf b`s gsdfnt`s sf ètfncrçn g pgrtdr cf b`s cgt`s cfb prfifptdv` fstucd` af`täindi`, cf bg tdp`bàêg yaf`jftrêg cf bg idjfntgidùn y cf bgs igrags trgsjdtdcgs p`r ästg.

Gcfjçs, sf cftfrjdngrç su fv`buidùn i`n fb tdfjp`. Iugnc` bg fstruiturg pgsf p`r hgsfs cf i`nstruiidùn ds`stçtdigs cfung curgidùn sdandhdigtdvg, sf fstdjgrç quä pgrtf cfb gsdfnt` t`tgb pufcf cfsgrr`bbgrsf fn fsgs hgsfs.

Fn bgs idjfntgid`nfs pr`huncgs, sf tfncrçn fn iufntg bgs giid`nfs pr`cuidcgs p`r j`vdjdfnt`s cfb tfrrfn` rfspfit` gästgs, fn hunidùn cf bgs cdhfrfntfs rdadcfifs cfb tfrrfn` y cfb idjdfnt`. Fn pgrtdiubgr sf i`nsdcfrgrçn bgs cfedcgs g

r`zgjdfnt` nfagtdv` (gsdfnt` cfb tfrrfn` jgy`r quf fb cfb fbfjfnt` cf idjfntgidùn).

9.5.6 U`zgjdfnt` cf gp`y`s cfsbdzgntfsIugnc` fn un pufntf sf cdsp`nagn gpgrgt`s cf gp`y` cfsbdzgntfs, i`n b`s quf ung pgrtf cf bg fstruiturg cfsbdzg rfspfit`

cf bg trg (gp`y`s cf nf`prfn`-]SHF, gp`y`s tdp` ]@S, fti.) sfrç nfifsgrd` i`nsdcfrgr bg hufrzg cf rfgiidùn quf fb r`zgjdfnt`cfb gp`y` cfsbdzgntf fkfrif sèrf gjegs pgrtfs cf bg fstruiturg.

G hgbtg cf fstucd`s jgs prfids`s, b`s i`fhdidfntfs cf r`zgjdfnt` ¶g y ¶ r sf i`nsdcfrgrgn sfaûn sf dncdig g i`ntdnugidùn; : = , 6 ± ± (7 + ) : = , 6 ± ± (7 )

C`ncf; ¶g i`fhdidfntf cf r`zgjdfnt` gcvfrs` ¶r i`fhdidfntf cf r`zgjdfnt` hgv`rgebf ¶jgx jçxdj` i`fhdidfntf cf r`zgjdfnt` cfb gpgrgt` cf gp`y` (sfaûn VNF-FN 7991-5). ]grg gp`y`s cfsbdzgntfs i`n

]SC, sf i`nsdcfrgrç un i`fhdidfntf cf r`zgjdfnt` jçxdj` cfb 9%, dncfpfncdfntfjfntf cf bg prfsdùn g bg quf fstä

s`jftdc` fb gp`y`η hgit`r quf cfpfncf cfb nûjfr` pgridgb cf gp`y`s (n) quf fkfrifn edfn ung i`giidùn hgv`rgebf edfn ung i`giidùn

cfshgv`rgebf pgrg fb fbfjfnt` fn fstucd`. G hgbtg cf fstucd`s jçs prfids`s, sf pufcf cftfrjdngr cf giufrc` i`n bgtgebg 9.5-g. Fstf hgit`r gc`ptgrç afnfrgbjfntf vgb`rfs cdstdnt`s sfaûn sf fstä igbiubgnc` ¶g ` ¶ r

Fn afnfrgb, fb r`zgjdfnt` pr`cuidc` fn hgsf cf i`nstruiidùn p`r prìfs`s cf fjpukf, bgnzgjdfnt`, rdpgc`, fti. sèrfgp`y`s cfsbdzgntfs pr`vdsd`ngbfs, sufbf sfr jgy`r quf fb pr`cuidc` p`r b`s gpgrgt`s cf gp`y`s cfsbdzgntfs cfhdndtdv`s. ]`r fstfj`tdv`, fb pr`yfitdstg cfefrç kustdhdigr fb vgb`r gc`ptgc` pgrg b`s i`fhdidfntfs cf r`zgjdfnt` gcvfrs` y hgv`rgebf fn bgsi`jprègid`nfs cfb prìfs` i`nstruitdv`, fstgebfidfnc` gcfjçs fn b`s pbgn`s y pbdfa` cf prfsirdpid`nfs cfb pr`yfit` bgsjfcdcgs p`rtungs pgrg fb i`ntr`b cf bgs hufrzgs cf r`zgjdfnt` afnfrgcgs.






IG]ÊSVB@ 3; GIID@NFY XGUDGEBFY (W)3.7. Y@EUFIGUAGY CF VY@

Fb j`cfb` cf igrag cfhdndc` fn fstf gpgrtgc` pgrg rfprfsfntgr bg giidùn cfb trçhdi` r`cgc` lg sdc` igbdergc` pgrg pufntfsi`n b`nadtucfs igragcgs lgstg 5== j (VNF-FN 7447-5). Fn afnfrgb, bg i`nsdcfrgidùn cf fstf j`cfb` iugnc` bg igrag sf f xtdfncfg ung b`nadtuc supfrd`r fstgrç cfb bgc` cf bg sfaurdcgc. ]grg b`nadtucfs igragcgs supfrd`rfs g 5== j, fb pr`yfitdstg p`crç gc`ptgrvgb`rfs ` fxprfsd`nfs cdstdnt`s cf b`s gquê dncdigc`s, prfvdg gut`rdzgidùn cf bg Cdrfiidùn Afnfrgb cf Igrrftfrgs, sdfjprf qufb`s kustdhdquf gcfiugcgjfntf sèrf bgs jdsjgs egsfs tfùrdigs quf fb j`cfb` gquê fstgebfidc`.

Fn t`cgs bgs igrags cfhdndcgs fn fstf gpgrtgc`, quf sf sup`nfn gpbdigcgs fstçtdigjfntf, fstç dnibudc` fb i`rrfsp`ncdfntfhgit`r cf gjpbdhdigidùn quf tdfnfn fn iufntg fb igrçitfr cdnçjdi` cf bgs jdsjgs.

3.7.7 Cdvdsdùn cf bg pbgtgh`rjg cfb tgebfr` fn igrrdbfs vdrtugbfs. G fhfit`s cf gpbdigidùn cf fstg Dnstruiidùn, sf cfhdnf i`j` pbgtgh`rjg cfb tgebfr` cf un pufntf cf igrrftfrg bg supfrhdidf

gptg pgrg fb trçhdi` r`cgc` (dnibuyfnc`, p`r tgnt`, t`c`s b`s igrrdbfs cf idriubgidùn, grifnfs, egncgs cf r`cgcurg y jgrigs vdgbfs)sdtugcg g ndvfb cf igbzgcg y i`jprfncdcg fntrf b`s e`rcdbb`s cf bgs gifrgs bgtfrgbfs cfb tgebfr` ’sd ästgs fxdstfn’ iugnc` tfnagnjçs cf 76= jj cf gbturg, fntrf igrgs dntfrd`rfs cf b`s prftdbfs cfb tgebfr`, pgrg fb rfst` cf b`s igs`s.

G fhfit`s cf gpbdigidùn cf bg i`jp`nfntf vfrtdigb cf bg sèrfigrag cf us` sèrf fb tgebfr` cfb pufntf, bg pbgtgh`rjg, cfgnil` w, sf cdvdcdrç fn nb igrrdbfs vdrtugbfs, cf gnilurg wb igcg un`, i`n fb irdtfrd` quf sf cfhdnf fn bg tgebg 3.7-g.

Fn fb igs` cf quf bg pbgtgh`rjg fstä cdvdcdcg fn c`s jçs pgrtfs sfpgrgcgs p`r ung jfcdgng;- Yd fn bg jfcdgng sf cdsp`nf ung egrrfrg hdkg f dnhrgnqufgebf, igcg pgrtf cf bg pbgtgh`rjg (dnibudc`s grifnfs,

jgrigs vdgbfs, fti.) sf cdvdcdrç cf h`rjg dncfpfncdfntf fn igrrdbfs vdrtugbfs.- Yd fn bg jfcdgng sf cdsp`nfn un fbfjfnt` jùvdb rfegsgebf, sf trgtgrç t`cg bg pbgtgh`rjg cfb pufntf, dnibudcg bg

jfcdgng, i`j` un ûndi` fbfjfnt`.

Bg uedigidùn y nujfrgidùn cf igcg igrrdb vdrtugb sf cftfrjdngrç i`nh`rjf g b`s irdtfrd`s quf sf fxp`nfn g i`ntdnugidùn;- ]grg bg i`jprègidùn cf igcg fstgc` bêjdtf, sf i`nsdcfrgrçn igragc`s b`s igrrdbfs quf sfgn cfshgv`rgebfs pgrg fb

fhfit` fn fstucd`. Fb igrrdb quf afnfrf fb fhfit` jçs cfshgv`rgebf sf cfn`jdngrç igrrdb 7, fb sfaunc` jçscfshgv`rgebf sf cfn`jdngrç igrrdb 5, y gsê suifsdvgjfntf (hdaurg 3.7-g)

- Yf fjpbfgrç ung ûndig nujfrgidùn cf igrrdbfs pgrg t`c` fb tgebfr` gunquf bg pbgtgh`rjg s`p`rtf c`s ` jçsigbzgcgs sfpgrgcgs p`r egrrfrgs hdkgs y n` rfegsgebfs. Gsê pufs, pgrg fb içbiub` cfb tgebfr` sùb` lgerç un igrrdb 7,

un igrrdb 5, fti.- Iugnc` fxdstgn vgrdgs igbzgcgs s`p`rtgcgs p`r tgebfr`s sfpgrgc`s, igcg un` cf fbb`s tfncrç ung nujfrgidùn cf

igrrdbfs dncfpfncdfntf, g fhfit`s cf bgs i`jprègid`nfs cf b`s fstgc`s bêjdtf cfb tgebfr` gsê i`j` cf bgsuefstruiturg, sd ästg fs dncfpfncdfntf pgrg igcg tgebfr`. Yd cdil`s tgebfr`s fstçn s`p`rtgc`s p`r bg jdsjgsuefstruiturg, pdbgs fstrde`s, g fhfit`s cfb içbiub` cf fs`s fbfjfnt`s, sf i`nsdcfrgrç ung nujfrgidùn cf igrrdbfsûndig pgrg fb i`nkunt` cf b`s tgebfr`s.

Gnil` cf bg pbgtgh`rjg; w : 7=,<= j

Cfhdndidùn cf b`s igrrdbfs vdrtugbfs;û ; 8 ↕ : 9

: 7=,<=

9 : 9,8 ↕ : 9 ℎ ; : 9 ℎ ç ; 9 ± : 7=,<= 9 ± 9 : 7 , <

3.7.5 Igrags vfrtdigbfs 3.7.5.7 Igrags vfrtdigbfs cfedcgs gb trçhdi` cf vflêiub`s

Yf i`nsdcfrgrç bg giidùn sdjubtçnfg cf bgs igrags sdaudfntfs;g) Vn` jçs vflêiub`s pfsgc`s, sfaûn fb nûjfr` cf igrrdbfs vdrtugbfs. Igcg vflêiub` pfsgc` fstgrç i`nstdtudc` p`r c`s

fkfs, sdfnc` Wdo bg igrag cf igcg fkf, dncdigcg fn bg tgebg 3.7-e., i`rrfsp`ncdfntf gb igrrdb d.

Yf tfncrçn fn iufntg b`s sdaudfntfs irdtfrd`s;- Fn igcg igrrdb vdrtugb sf i`nsdcfrgrç bg gitugidùn cf un ûndi` vflêiub` pfsgc` cf pfs` 5Wdo .- Bg sfpgrgidùn trgnsvfrsgb fntrf rufcgs cfb jdsj` fkf sfrç cf 5,== j. Bg cdstgnidg b`nadtucdngb fntrf fkfs sfrç cf

7,5= j (vfr hdaurg 3.7-e).- Bgs c`s rufcgs cf igcg fkf tfncrçn bg jdsjg igrag, quf sfrç p`r tgnt` daugb g =,6Wdo - G fhfit`s cf bgs i`jprègid`nfs afnfrgbfs, sf sup`ncrç quf igcg vflêiub` pfsgc` gitûg ifntrgc` fn fb igrrdb

vdrtugb (vfr hdaurg 3.7-e).- ]grg bgs i`jprègid`nfs bìgbfs, igcg vflêiub` pfsgc` sf sdtugrç, trgnsvfrsgbjfntf cfntr` cf igcg igrrdb vdrtugb,

fn bg p`sdidùn jçs cfshgv`rgebf. Iugnc` sf i`nsdcfrfn c`s vflêiub`s pfsgc`s fn igrrdbfs vdrtugbfs gcygifntfs, p`crçn gpr`xdjgrsf trgnsvfrsgbjfntf, jgntfndfnc` ung cdstgnidg fntrf rufcgs jgy`r ` daugb quf =,6= j (vfrhdaurg 3.7-i).

- ]grg bgs i`jprègid`nfs bìgbfs, bg igrag puntugb cf igcg rufcg cf un vflêiub` pfsgc` sf sup`ncrçundh`rjfjfntf rfpgrtdcg fn ung supfrhdidf cf i`ntgit` iugcrgcg cf =,3 j x =,3 j (vfr hdaurg 3.7-i). Yfi`nsdcfrgrç quf fstg igrag sf rfpgrtf i`n ung pfncdfntf 7;7 (L;X), tgnt` g trgväs cfb pgvdjfnt` i`j` g trgväs cfbg b`sg cfb tgebfr`, lgstg fb ifntr` cf cdilg b`sg.

e) Vng sèrfigrag undh`rjf cf vgb`r qdo sfaûn bg tgebg 3.7-e, i`n bgs i`nsdcfrgid`nfs sdaudfntfs;- Fn fb çrfg rfjgnfntf, sf i`nsdcfrgrg bg gitugidùn cf ung sèrf igrag undh`rjf cf vgb`r qro sfaûn bg tgebg 3.7-e.- Bg sèrfigrag undh`rjf sf fxtfncfrç, b`nadtucdngb y trgnsvfrsgbjfntf, g t`cgs bgs z`ngs c`ncf su fhfit` rfsubtf

cfshgv`rgebf pgrg fb fbfjfnt` fn fstucd`, dnibus` fn gqufbbgs yg iupgcgs p`r gbaûn vflêiub` pfsgc`.






Xgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` cf bg sèrfigrag undh`rjf (Sgebg 3.7-e);

7; 4

⁃ ±7,5 : 7=,<

⁃

7;5,6 ⁃ ± 7 ,5 : 9 ⁃ 7;5,6 ⁃ ± 7 ,5 : 9 ⁃ 7;5,6 ⁃ ± 7 ,5 : 9 ⁃

Gnil` cf igcg vdag cf bg b`sg 7,5 j.

Xgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` cf bg sèrfigrag cf vflêiub` pfsgc` (Hdaurg 3.7-e)

Fb vflêiub` pfsgc` sfrç päsdj`; J`jfnt`s Hbfit`rfs ↕ Ifntr` cfb vgn`? Fshufrz`s I`rtgntfs ↕ Gp`y`

Xflêiub` pfsgc` fn ifntr` cf vgn`.

z

y

7=,< ON/j5

9 ON/j5

9 ON/j5

9 ON/j5

z

y

76= ON

76= ON

76= ON

76= ON

7== ON

7== ON

7== ON

7== ON

6= ON 6= ON

6= ON 6= ON

=,6 j

=,6 j=,6 j

=,6 j

=,6 j

=,6 j

7,< j

7== ON

76= ON

76= ON

7== ON

6= ON

6= ON






Xflêiub` pfsgc` fn gp`y`.

3.7.5.5 Igrags vfrtdigbfs fn z`ngs cf us` pfgt`ngb Fn bgs z`ngs cf us` pfgt`ngb cf b`s pufntfs (gifrgs, rgjpgs y fsigbfrgs, sf sup`ncrç gpbdigcg ung sèrfigrag undh`rjf cf

6 oN/j5 fn bgs z`ngs jçs cfshgv`rgebfs, b`nadtucdngb y trgnsvfrsgbjfntf, pgrg fb fhfit` fn fstucd`.

Fn pufntfs fn b`s quf sfgn cf prfvfr gab`jfrgid`nfs cf pfrs`ngs, sf i`nsdcfrgrç bg gitugidùn cf bg sèrfigrag undh`rjfcf 6 oN/j5 fn buagr cf bgs igrags vfrtdigbfs cfedcgs gb trçhdi` cf vflêiub`s cfhdndc`s fn fb gpgrtgc` 3.7.5.7 gntfrd`r, pgrg gqufbb`sigs`s fn quf sfg jçs cfshgv`rgebf pgrg fb fbfjfnt` cf fstucd`. Fstg igrag, prfvdstg g fhfit`s cf i`jprègid`nfs afnfrgbfs,fstgrç gsìdgcg ûndigjfntf g sdtugid`nfs cf içbiub` trgnsdt`rdgs.

: 6 ⁃ ± 7,5 : 8 ⁃

Yèrfigrag cf pfgt`nfs.

3.7.9 Hufrzgs l`rdz`ntgbfs3.7.9.7 Hrfngc` y grrgnquf

Fb hrfngc`, grrgnquf igjed` cf vfbìdcgc cf b`s vflêiub`s, cgrç buagr g ung hufrzg l`rdz`ntgb undh`rjfjfntf cdstrdeudcgfn bg cdrfiidùn b`nadtucdngb cf bg igrrftfrg s`p`rtgcg p`r fb pufntf, y sf sup`ncrç gpbdigcg gb ndvfb cf bg supfrhdidf cfb pgvdjfnt`.

Fn igs` cf quf bg vêg cdsp`nag cf igrrdbfs fn sfntdc`s `pufst`s cf idriubgidùn, sf i`nsdcfrgrç i`j` cf sfntdc` ûndi` sdfstg ldpùtfsds rfsubtg jçs cfshgv`rgebf.

Fb vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` cf fstg giidùn Wbo sfrç daugb g ung hrgiidùn cfb vgb`r cf bg igrag igrgitfrêstdig vfrtdigb quf sfi`nsdcfrf sèrf fb igrrdb vdrtugb nûjfr` 7, cf giufrc` i`n bg fxprfsdùn; : = , 8 ± 57 + =,7± 7 ±7 ±

sdfnc` B bg cdstgnidg fntrf kuntgs i`ntdaugs, ` bg b`nadtuc cfb pufntf sd ästgs n` fxdstdfrgn, y fb sdandhdigc` cf bgs cfjçsvgrdgebfs fb cfhdndc` fn fb gpgrtgc` gntfrd`r.

]grg fb igs` cfb igrrdb vdrtugb cf 9 j cf gnilurg y B > 7,5= j, fstg f xprfsdùn qufcg i`j` sdauf; : 98=+ 5,1± Fb vgb`r cf Wbo fstgrç bdjdtgc` supfrd`r f dnhfrd`rjfntf sfaûn b` dncdigc` g i`ntdnugidùn;7<= ≣ ≣ 4== : = , 8 ± 57 + =,7± 7 ±7 ± _Z 57 : 8== ↕ ℎê 5± 9== ( 3.7 ) 7 : 4 ⁃ ↕ 7 ( 3.7 ) 7 : 9 : 65,5 ↕

: =,8±8==+ =,7± 4± 9± 65,5: 6==,43 ↕ ℎ

:6==,43

65,5 ± 7=,< : =,<<4 ⁃ ↕ ℎ : =,<<4 ⁃ ± 7,5= : 7,=81 ⁃ ↕ ℎ

Igrag l`rdz`ntgb hrfngc`/grrgnquf.

3.7.9.5 Hufrzg ifntrêhuag y trgs hufrzgs trgnsvfrsgbfs3.7.3 Arup`s cf igrags cf trghdi`

Bg i`ni`jdtgnidg cf bgs cdstdntgs i`jp`nfntfs cf bg sèrfigrag cf us`, cfhdndcgs fn b`s gpgrtgc`s gntfrd`rfs, sf tfncrç fniufntg jfcdgntf bg i`nsdcfrgidùn cf b`s arup`s cf igrags cf trçhdi` dncdigc`s fn bg tgebg 3.7-i.

B`s vgb`rfs cf bgs giid`nfs quf hdaurgn fn b`s gpgrtgc`s 3.7.5 y 3.7.9 s`n vgb`rfs igrgitfrêstdi`s cf fsgs giid`nfsi`nsdcfrgcgs dncdvdcugbjfntf. Iugnc` cdilgs giid`nfs fntrgn g h`rjgr pgrtf cf un arup` cf igrags cf trçhdi`, b` lgifn i`n b`sgb`rfs quf sf rfiàfn fn bg tgebg 3.7-i.






Yf i`nsdcfrg quf fst`s arup`s, quf s`n fxibuyfntfs fntrf sê, cfhdnfn fb vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` cf bg sèrfigrag cf us` iugnc`sf i`jedng i`n fb rfst` cf bgs giid`nfs (igrags pfrjgnfntfs, fti.).

Yf i`nsdcfrgrç bg i`jedngidùn cf igcg un` cf b`s arup`s cf igrags i`n fb rfst` cf bgs giid`nfs iugnc` sfgn pfrtdnfntfs pgrg fb fhfit` fn fstucd`.

7 : + + 5,6 vflêiub` pfsgc` + sèrfigrag undh`rjf + gifrgs5 : 7 ± +7 ± + =,16 ± vflêiub` pfsgc` + =,3= ± sèrfigrag undh`rjf + hrfngc`/grrgnquf9 : = N` sf i`nsdcfrg3 : igrag pfgt`nfs

3.7.6 Srfn cf igrags pgrg bg i`jprègidùn cfb fstgc` bêjdtf ûbtdj` cf hgtdag.]grg bg i`jprègidùn cfb fstgc` bdjdtf ubtdj` cf hgtdag sf i`nsdcfrgrgn bgs giid`nfs vgrdgebfs rfpftdcgs pr`cuidcgs p`r bg

giidùn cfb trçhdi` quf sf prfvä quf gitûfn g b` grc` cf bg vdcg ûtdb cfb p ufntf.

Fb fhfit` cf fstgs igrags rfpftdcgs pufcf sfr rfprfsfntgc` p`r fb j`cfb` cf igrags pgrg hgtdag i`nsdstfntf fn un vflêiub`cf 3 fkfs, cf c`s rufcgs igcg fkf, quf sf rfprfsfntg fn bg hdaurg 3.7-c . Bg igrag fn igcg rufcg sf t`jgrç daugb g un iugcrgc` cf=,3= x =,3= j. bg sfpgrgidùn fntrf fkfs y fntrf rufcgs cf un jdsj` fkf sfrç bg quf sf dncdig fn bg hdaurg 3.7-c . G fhfit`s cfi`jprègidùn g hgtdag n` sf i`nsdcfrgrg ndnaung igrag l`rdz`ntgb.

]grg fb içbiub` cf bgs tfnsd`nfs jçxdjgs y jêndjgs quf pr`cuif fb j`cfb` cf igrags cf hgtdag sf i`nsdcfrg bg gitugidùncf un s`b` vflêiub` i`j` fb cfhdndc` fn fb pçrrgh` gntfrd`r. Fstf vflêiub` sf sup`ncrç ifntrgc` fn fb igrrdb vdrtugb 7 (fb jçscfshgv`rgebf pgrg fb fhfit` fstucdgc`).

Fb j`cfb` cf igrags cfhdndc` dnibuyf fb i`fhdidfntf cf djpgit` i`rrfsp`ncdfntf g ung supfrhdidf cf r`cgcurg cf eufngigbdcgc (sfaûn DY@ <8=<). ]grg bg i`jprègidùn cf gqufbb`s fbfjfnt`s fstruiturgbfs quf fstän g ung cdstgnidg jfn`r g 8 j c fung kuntg cf igbzgcg sf t`jgrg un hgit`r cf gjpbdhdigidùn cdnçjdi` gcdid`ngb cf 7,9.

3.7.8 Yèrfigrag cf us` fn tfrrgpbfnfs gcygifntfs g bg fstruiturg]grg fb içbiub` cf fjpukfs cfb tfrrfn` sèrf fbfjfnt`s cf bg fstruiturg fn i`ntgit` i`n äb, (fstrde`s, jur`s, fti.) sf

i`nsdcfrgrç gitugnc` fn bg pgrtf supfrd`r cfb tfrrgpbän, fn bg z`ng p`r c`ncf pufcg cdsiurrdr fb trçhdi`, fb j`cfb` cf igragsvfrtdigbfs cfhdndc` fn fb gpgrtgc` 3.7.5. Gbtfrngtdvgjfntf, p`crç gc`ptgrsf fb j`cfb` sdjpbdhdigc` i`nsdstfntf fn ungsèrfigrag undh`rjf cf 7= oN/j5.

Fstg sèrfigrag sf tfncrç fn iufntg ûndigjfntf fn b`s igs`s fn quf bgs igrags pr`cuidcgs p`r fb trghdi` gitûfn g ungcdstgnidg, jfcdcg fn l`rdz`ntgb, jfn`r daugb g bg jdtgc cf bg gturg cfb fbfjfnt` cf bg fstruiturg sèrf fb quf gituä fb fjpukf.

G fhfit`s cf bg gpbdigidùn cf b`s i`fhdidfntf pgridgbfs quf hdaurgn fn fb igpêtub` 8, sf i`nsdcfrgrç i`j` ung jdsjg giidùnbg i`jp`nfntf argvdtgt`rdg cf fstg sèrfigrag y fb fjpukf g quf cg buagr. Gcfjçs, fstg giidùn sf i`nsdcfrgrç i`n su vgb`rigrgitfrêstdi` i`j` ûndi` vgb`r rfprfsfntgtdv` (vfr gpgrtgc` 8.7.5).

3.7.1 Fjpukfs sèrf bgs egrgncdbbgs

Bgs hufrzgs trgjdtdcgs p`r bg egrgncdbbg gb tgebfr` cfpfncfrçn cf bg ibgsf cf igrag cf bg egrgncdbbg pr`yfitgcg, sfaûn bg FN7971-8. Fn pufntfs y pgsgrfbgs sf gc`ptgrg ung ibgsf cf igrag tgb quf bg hufrzg l`rdz`ntgb pfrpfncdiubgr gb fbfjfnt` supfrd`rcf bg egrgncdbbg sfg i`j` jêndj` 7,6 ON/j.

Fstg hufrzg l`rdz`ntgb sf i`nsdcfrgrç gitugnc` sdjubtçnfgjfntf i`n bg sèrfigrag undh`rjf cfhdndcg fn fb gpgrtgc`3.7.5.5.

3.7.< Yèrfigrag cf us` fn pgsgrfbgs

3.5. XDFNS@Fn afnfrgb, bg giidùn cfb vdfnt` sf gsdjdbgrg g ung igrag fstçtdig fqudvgbfntf, sgbv` quf, cf giufrc` i`n fb gpgrtgc` 3.5.4,

sfg nfifsgrd` i`nsdcfrgr b`s fhfit`s gfr`fbçstdi`s.

]grg bg ètfnidùn cf bg igrag fstçtdig fqudvgbfntf g bg giidùn cfb vdfnt`, sf sfaudrçn bgs dncdigid`nfs quf hdaurgn fn b`sgpgrtgc`s 3.5.7 g 3.5.<.

Fb pr`yfitdstg p`crç gc`ptgr vgb`rfs ` fxprfsd`nfs cdstdnt`s cf b`s gquê dncdigc`s, prfvdg gut`rdzgidùn cf bg CdrfiidùnAfnfrgb cf Igrrftfrgs, sdfjprf quf b`s kustdhdquf gcfiugcgjfntf p`r cdsp`nfr cf jfcdcgs cf vfbìdcgc cf vdfnt` fn fb buagrcurgntf un pfrd`c` cf tdfjp` rfprfsfntgtdv` pgrg bg sdtugidùn cfb pr`yfit` i`nsdcfrgcg, p`r fb i`nìdjdfnt` cf bg dntfnsdcgc cfbg tureubfnidg y su rfpfriusdùn sèrf bgs rçhgags cf vdfnt`, p`r bgs iugbdcgcfs gfr`cdnçjdigs cf b`s fbfjfnt`s cfb pufntf y fbi`nìdjdfnt` fxpfrdjfntgb cf su i`fhdidfntf cf hufrzg (tgjedän bbgjgc` i`fhdidfntf cf grrgstrf).

3.5.7 Xfbìdcgc eçsdig cfb vdfnt`Bg vfbìdcgc eçsdig huncgjfntgb cfb vdfnt` ve,= fs bg vfbìdcgc jfcdg g b` bgra` cf un pfrd`c` cf 7= jdnut`s, i`n un

pfrd`c` cf rft`rn` cf 6= g÷`s, jfcdcg i`n dncfpfncfnidg cf bg cdrfiidùn cfb vdfnt` y cf bg äpìg cfb g÷` fn ung z`ng pbgng y

Xgb`rfs cf ά 7 t`jgc`s cf bgtgebg 8.7-g






cfspr`tfadcg hrfntf gb vdfnt`, fqudvgbfntf g un fnt`rn` cf pufntf tdp` DD (sfaûn sf cfhdnfn fn fb gpgrtgc` 3.5.5), g ung gbturg cf7= j sèrf fb sufb`.

G pgrtdr cf bg vfbìdcgc eçsdig huncgjfntgb cfb vdfnt` ve,= , sf etfncrç bg vfbìdcgc eçsdig ve jfcdgntf bg fxprfsdùn; : ± ± , C`ncf;

ve vfbìdcgc eçsdig cfb vdfnt` pgrg un pfrd`c` cf rft`rn` cf 6= g÷`s (j/s)icdr hgit`r cdrfiid`ngb cfb vdfnt quf, g hgbtg cf fstucd`s jçs prfids`s, pufcf t`jgrsf daugb g 7,=isfgs`n hgit`r fstgid`ngb cfb vdfnt` quf g hgbtg cf fstucd`s jçs prfids`s, pufcf t`jgrsf daugb g 7,=

ve,= vfbìdcgc eçsdig huncgjfntgb cfb vdfnt` (j/s) (sfaûn fb jgpg cf ds`tgigs cf bg hdaurg 3.5-g)

]grg un pfrd`c` cf rft`rn` cdhfrfntf cf 6= g÷`s, bg vfbìdcgc eçsdig cfb vdfnt` ve(S) sfrç;() : ±

C`ncf;ve(S) vfbìdcgc eçsdig cfb vdfnt` (j/s) pgrg un pfrd`c` cf rft`rn` SS pfrd`c` cf rft`rn` (g÷`s)i prè hgit`r cf pr egedbdcgc etfndc` cf bg sdaudfntf hùrjubg;

: 7 ± bn bn 7 77 ± bn bn(=,4<)

S`jgnc` pgrg b`s pgrçjftr`s O y n b`s vgb`rfs sdaudfntfs; O : =,5 y n : =,6 ]grg sdtugid`nfs pfrsdstfntfs, g hgbtg cf fstucd`s fspfiêhdi`s, sf i`nsdcfrgrç un pfrd`c` cf rft`rn` cf 7== g÷`s (i prè : 7,=3)

]grg sdtugid`nfs trgnsdt`rdgs, sf t`jgrçn b`s pfrd`c`s cf rft`rn` dncdigc`s fn bg tgebg 3.5-g, sgbv` quf sf kustdhdqufngcfiugcgjfntf tr`s vgb`rfs : ± ± , : 7,=± 7,=± 58 : 58 ⁃

I`j` fb pufntf tdfnf un pfrd`c` cf rft`rn` S : 7== g÷`s(7==) : ± : 58 ± 7,=3 : 51,=3 ⁃

3.5.5 Xfbìdcgc jfcdg cfb vdfnt`Bg vfbìdcgc jfcdg cfb vdfnt` vj(z) g ung gbturg z sèrf fb tfrrfn` cfpfncfrç cf bg rua`sdcgc cfb tfrrfn`, cf bg t`pàrghêg

y cf bg vfbìdcgc eçsdig cfb vdfnt` ve, y sf cftfrjdngrç sfaûn bg fxprfsdùn sdaudfntf;() : () ± ± () c`ncf;ve(S) vfbìdcgc eçsdig cfb vdfnt` (j/s) pgrg un pfrd`c` cf rft`rn` Si= hgit`r cf t`pàrghêg, quf sf t`jgrç lgedtugbjfntf daugb g 7,=. Fn vgbbfs fn b`s quf sf pufcg pr`cuidr un

fniguzgjdfnt` cfb vdfnt` gitugntf sèrf fb pufntf, sf t`jgrç pgrg i= un vgb`r cf 7,7. Iugnc` fxdstgn estçiub`sngturgbfs susifptdebfs cf pfrturegr gprfidgebfjfntf fb hbuk` cfb vdfnt` sèrf fb pufntf, fb vgb`r cf i= sfcftfrjdngrç jfcdgntf un fstucd` fspfiêhdi`

ir (z) hgit`r cf rua`sdcgc etfndc` cf bg sdaudfntf hùrjubg() : ± bn () : () 2 sdfnc`; z gbturg cfb punt` cf gpbdigidùn cfb fjpukf cfb vdfnt` rfspfit` cfb tfrrfn` ` rfspfit` cfb ndvfb jêndj cfb gaug egk`

fb pufntf (j)o r hgit`r cfb tfrrfn`, sfaûn tgebg 3.5-e z= b`nadtuc cf bg rua`sdcgc, sfaûn tgebg 3.5-e zjdn gbturg jêndjg, sfaûn tgebg 3.5-e

J`rfrufbg cf Sgegrg ([gj`rg)[`ng G; v e,= : 58 j/s

]çadng < GNFK@ CF IÇBIVB@Y

( )





G fhfit`s cf igbiubgr b`s pgrçjftr`s gntfrd`rfs, sf i`nsdcfrgrgn b`s idni` tdp`s cf fnt`rn` sdaudfntfs;- Sdp` =; jgr z`ng i`stfrg fxpufstg gb jgr gedfrt`. N@ - Sdp` D; bga`s çrfgs pbgngs y l`rdz`ntgbfs i`n vfaftgidùn cfsprfidgebf y sdn estçiub`s. N@ - Sdp` DD; z`ng rurgb i`n vfaftgidùn egkg y estçiub`s gdsbgc`s, (gre`bfs, i`nstruiid`nfs pfquf÷gs, fti.), i`n sfpgrgid`nfs

cf gb jfn`s 5= vfifs bg gbturg cf b`s estçiub`s. YD - Sdp` DDD; z`ng sueuregng, h`rfstgb ` dncustrdgb i`n i`nstruiid`nfs y èstçiub`s gdsbgc`s i`n ung sfpgrgidùn jçxdjg

cf 5= vfifs bg gbturg cf b`s èstçiub`s. N@ - Sdp` DX; z`ng uregng fn bg quf gb jfn`s fb 76% cf bg supfrhdidf fstä fcdhdigcg y bg gbturg jfcdg cf b`s fcdhdid`s fxifcg

cf 76 j. N@

Bg gbturg cfb pufntf sèrf fb ndvfb jêndj` fs z : 7= j bufa`; > 7= 2 5 ↕ (7=)

(7=) : ± bn

: =,74=± bn 7=

=,=6 : 7,==1

(7=) : (7=) ± ± (7== ÷) : 7,==1± 7,= ±51,=3 : 51,59 ⁃

3.5.9 Fjpukf cfb vdfnt`3.5.3 Cdrfiidùn cfb vdfnt`3.5.6 Fjpukf cfb vdfnt` sèrf tgebfr`s3.5.6.7 Fhfit`s pr`vìgc`s p`r fb vdfnt` trgnsvfrsgb3.5.6.7.7 Fjpukf l`rdz`ntgb3.5.6.7.5 Fjpukf vfrtdigb3.5.6.7.9 J`jfnt` cf vufbi` sèrf fb tgebfr`3.5.6.5 Fjpukf pr`vìgc` p`r fb vdfnt` b`nadtucdngb3.5.8 Fjpukf cfb vdfnt` sèrf pdbgs3.5.1 Fjpukf cfb vdfnt` sèrf tr`s fbfjfnt`s cfb pufntf

3.5.< Içbiub` sdjpbdhdigc` fn tgebfr`s y pdbgsFn pufntfs cf jfn`s cf 3= j cf buz (jfcdcg fntrf fkfs cf gp`y`s) y cf jfn`s cf 5= j cf gbturg jçxdjg cf pdbg, p`crç

i`nsdcfrgrsf ûndigjfntf fb vdfnt` trgnsvfrsgb, i`n b`s vgb`rfs cf fjpukf undtgrd` H w /Grfh dncdigc`s fn bgs tgebgs 3.5-f y 3.5-h,sdfjprf quf sf iujpbgn bgs i`ncdid`nfs sdaudfntfs;i h,x ≣ 7,< fn tgebfr`si h,x ≣ 5,5 fn pdbgsi= : 7 i prè ≣ 7,=3

]grg gbturgs cf tgebfr`s y pdbgs i`jprfncdc`s fntrf 7= j y 5= j, sf p`crç dntfrp`bgr bdnfgbjfntf fntrf bgs c`s tgebgsgntfrd`rfs.

Fb punt` cf gpbdigidùn cfb fjpukf trgnsvfrsgb sfrç fb cfhdndc` fn fb gpgrtgc` 3.5.6.7.9.

Fn bg fbge`rgidùn cf bgs tgebgs gntfrd`rfs n` sf lg i`nsdcfrgc` bg giidùn cfb vdfnt` sèrf bg sèrfigrag cf us`? pgrg tfnfrfn iufntg fstf fhfit`, sf sfaudrçn b`s irdtfrd`s dncdigc`s fn fb gpgrtgc` 3.5.9 rfspfit` gb gujfnt` cfb çrfg fxpufstg.

Xfbìdcgc eçsdig cfb vdfnt`;, : 58 ⁃

Sdp` cf fnt`rn`; Sdp` DD

Gbturg cfb tgebfr`; 7= j, gbturg jçxdjg cf pdbg; 7= j.

⁃ : 7,43 ⁃

: ⁃ ± ℎ++ : 7,43± 3,76= : <,=67 ⁃ ↕↕ : <,=67 ⁃


SUGEGK@ CF IVUY@ (AUV]@ 9 XDIS@U EVYSGJSF AGEUDFB GUJFNSG FNUDWVF BFTXG)





Igrags cf vdfnt`

3.5.4 Fhfit`s gfr`fbçstdi`s3.5.4.7 Nfifsdcgc cf i`jprègidùn3.5.4.5 Irdtfrd`s cf i`jprègidùn3.5.4.9 I`jprègid`nfs sdjpbdhdigcgs3.5.4.9.7 Cdvfrafnidg t`rsd`ngb3.5.4.9.5 Cfsprfncdjdfnt` cf t`refbbdn`s3.5.4.9.9 @sidbgid`nfs cdvfrafntfs p`r agb`pf y hbgjf`3.5.4.9.3 @sidbgid`nfs pr`cuidcgs p`r bgs rçhgags (egtgnf`)

3.9. GIIDÙN SÄUJDIG3.9.7 Giidùn tärjdig fn tgebfr`s

G fhfit`s cf gpbdigidùn cf fstg Dnstruiidùn, pgrg fvgbugr fb fhfit` cf bg giidùn tärjdig sf i`nsdcfrgrçn b`s sdaudfntfs tdp`s

cf tgebfr`;- Sdp` 7; Sgebfr`s cf gifr` i`n sfiidùn trgnsvfrsgb fn igkùn, vdag grjgcg ifb`sêg.- Sdp` 5; Sgebfr`s jdxt`s i`jpufst`s p`r gifr` fstruiturgb y l`rjdaùn grjgc` prftfnsgc` (i`nfitgc`s cf h`rjg quf

gje`s jgtfrdgbfs trgegkfn fn h`rjg s`bdcgrdg)- Sdp` 9; Sgebfr`s cf l`rjdaùn grjgc` prftfnsgc`, sfgn b`sgs, vdags igk`nfs. Sdp` 9

B`s vgb`rfs rfprfsfntgtdv`s cf bg giidùn tärjdig sf fvgbugrgn i`nsdcfrgnc` bg i` jp`nfntf undh`rjf cf bg tfjpfrgturg ybgs i`jp`nfntfs cf bg cdhfrfnidg cf tfjpfrgturg vfrtdigb y l`rdz`ntgb.

3.9.7.7 I`jp`nfntf undh`rjf cf bg tfjpfrgturg cfb tgebfr`3.9.7.7.7 Sfjpfrgturg jçxdjg y jêndjg cfb gdrf

]grg igbiubgr b`s fhfit`s cf bg i`jp`nfntf undh`rjf cf tfjpfrgturg sf pgrtdrç cfb vgb`r cf tfjpfrgturg cfb gdrf g bg s`jergfn fb buagr cfb fjpbgzgjdfnt` cfb pufntf.

Fb vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` cf bg tfjpfrgturg jçxdjg cfb gdrf g bg s`jerg S jgx cfpfncf cfb ibdjg cfb buagr y cf bg gbtdtuc y, pgrg un pfrd`c` cf rft`rn` cf 6= g÷`s (b` quf fqudvgbf g ung prègedbdcgc gnugb cf sfr fxifcdc` cf =,=5), sfrç fb quf sf dncdigfn fb jgpg cf ds`tfrjgs cf bg hdaurg 3.9-g.

I`j` vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` cf bg tfjpfrgturg jêndjg cfb gdrf g bg s`jerg Sjdn sf t`jgrç, pgrg un pfrd`c` cf rft`rn` cf 6=g÷`s, fb quf sf cfcuif cf bg tgebg 3.9-g fn hunidùn cf bg gbtdtuc cfb f jpbgzgjdfnt` y cf bg z`ng ibdjçtdig dnvfrngb quf sf cfcuifcfb jgpg cf bg hdaurg 3.9-e.

]grg pfrd`c`s cf rft`rn` cdhfrfntfs cf 6= g÷`s, sf cfefn gkustgr b`s vgb`rfs cf Sjgx,p y Sjdn,p sfaûn bgs fxprfsd`nfssdaudfntfs (quf sf fniufntrgn rfprfsfntgcgs fn bg hdaurg 3.9-i), vçbdcgs pgrg Sjdn 2 =;, : ± {7 ± bn_ bn(7 )Z} , : ± {9 + 3 ± bn_ bn(7 )Z}

Ydfnc` p fb dnvfrs` cfb pfrd`c` cf rft`rn` y i`nsdcfrgnc` pgrg b`s i`fhdidfntfs b`s vgb`rfs; o 7 : =,1<7? o 5 : =,=68? o 9 :=,949? o 3 : -=,768.

]grg sdtugid`nfs pfrsdstfntfs, sf i`nsdcfrgrç un pfrd`c` cf rft`rn` cf 7== g÷`s (p : =,=7)

]grg sdtugid`nfs trgnsdt`rdgs, sf t`jgrgn b`s pfrd`c`s cf rft`rn` dncdigc`s fn bg tgebg 3.5-g, sgbv` quf sf kustdhdqufngcfiugcgjfntf tr`s vgb`rfs.

]çadng 7= GNFK@ CF IÇBIVB@Y

SUGEGK@ CF IVUY@ (AUV]@ 9 XDIS@U EVYSGJSF AGEUDFB GUJFNSG FNUDWVF BFTXG)





(6= ÷) : 35 ½ (6= ÷) : 78,6½

]grg un pfrd`c` cf rft`rn` cf 7== g÷`s;

, : 3 5 ±{=,1<7 =,=68± bn

_

bn(7 =,=7

)Z}: 39,85

½

, : 78,6 ± {=,949+ (=,768) ± bn_ bn(7 =,=7)Z} : 7<,99 ½

Ufbgid`nfs (i`jprègidùn);

, :39,85

35: 7,=94 ½

, : 7<,9978,6

: 7,777 ½

3.9.7.7.5 I`jp`nfntf undh`rjf cf tfjpfrgturg

Bg i`jp`nfntf undh`rjf cf bg tfjpfrgturg cfb tgebfr`, tgjedän cfn`jdngcg tfjpfrgturg fhfitdvg (tfjpfrgturg jfcdg cfbg sfiidùn trgnsvfrsgb), tfncrç un vgb`r jêndj` Sf,jdn y un vgb`r jçxdj` Sf,jgx quf sf cftfrjdngrgn g pgrtdr cf bg tfjpfrgturgcfb gdrf, jfcdgntf bgs fxprfsd`nfs sdaudfntfs; , : + ∈, , : + ∈,

C`ncf;S jdn vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` cf bg tfjpfrgturg jêndjg cfb gdrf g bg s`jerg fn fb buagr cfb fjpbgzgjdfnt` cfb pufntf i`n

fb gkustf i`rrfsp`ncdfntf gb pfrd`c` cf rft`rn` sfaûn sf dncdig fn fb gpgrtgc` 3.9.7.7.7S jgx vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` cf bg tfjpfrgturg jçxdjg cfb gdrf g bg s`jerg fn fb buagr cfb fjpbgzgjdfnt cfb pufntf i`n

fb gkustf i`rrfsp`ncdfntf gb pfrd`c` cf rft`rn` sfaûn sf dncdig fn fb gpgrtgc` 3.9.7.7.7.I`n b`s vgb`rfs cf ∈S f,jdn y ∈S f,jgx dncdigc`s fn bg tgebg 3.9-e.

Fn fb igs` cf ifb`sêgs y vdags grjgcgs cf gifr`, fb vgb`r cf ∈Sf,jgx cfhdndc` fn bg tgebg 3.9-e pgrg tgebfr`s Sdp` 7, pufcfrfcuidrsf fn 9»I.

]grg bg cftfrjdngidùn cf b`s fhfit`s cfedc`s g bg i`jp`nfntf undh`rjf cf tfjpfrgturg, sf fjpbfgrgn b`s vgb`rfs cfi`fhdidfntf cf cdbgtgidùn tärjdig bdnfgb dncdigc`s fn bg tgebg 3.9-i, g jfn`s quf, jfcdgntf fnsgy`s ` fstucd`s jçs

cftgbbgc`s, sf kustdhdqufn tr`s vgb`rfs.

, : + ∈ , : 7<,99+ < : 7=,99 ½ , : + ∈, : 39,85+ 5 : 36,85 ½

(

7=∕8 ½

∕7) : 7 = ± 7 =∕8 ½

∕7

3.9.7.7.9 Ugna` cf i`jp`nfntf undh`rjf cf tfjpfrgturgBg vgrdgidùn cf bg i`jp`nfntf undh`rjf cf bg tfjpfrgturg ìgsd`ngrg, fn ung fstruiturg sdn i`giidùn gb j`vdjdfnt`, un

igjed` fn bg b`nadtuc cfb fbfjfnt`. Sfndfnc` fn iufntg b` dncdigc` fn fb gpgrtgc` gntfrd`r, fb rgna` cf vgrdgidùn cf bgi`jp`nfntf undh`rjf cf tfjpfrgturg fn fb tgebfr` sfrç;∈ : , ,

G pgrtdr cf b`s vgb`rfs igrgitfrêstdi`s jçxdj` y jêndj` cf bg i`jp`nfntf undh`rjf cf tfjpfrgturg y g pgrtdr cf bgtfjpfrgturg dndidgb S = (tfjpfrgturg jfcdg cfb tgebfr` fn fb j`jfnt` fn quf sf i`giid`ng su j`vdjdfnt`), sf ètfncrçn b`srgna`s cf vgrdgidùn tärjdig quf pfrjdtgn cftfrjdngr bg i`ntrgiidùn y bg cdbgtgidùn jçxdjgs cfb tgebfr`, sfaûn b` dncdigc` fnb`s pçrrgh`s sdaudfntfs.

[@NG 7





SUGEGK@ CF IVUY@ (AUV]@ 9 XDIS@U EVYSGJSF, AGEUDFB GUJFNSG, FNUDWVF BFTXG)


Fb vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` cf bg jçxdjg vgrdgidùn cf bg i`jp`nfntf undh`rjf cf bg tfjpfrgturg fn i`ntrgiidùn ∈S N,i`n sfrç;∈, : ,

Fb vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` cf bg jçxdjg vgrdgidùn cf bg i`jp`nfntf undh`rjf cf bg tfjpfrgturg fn cdbgtgidùn ∈S N,fxp sfrç;∈, : , Fn igs` cf quf n` sfg p`sdebf fstgebfifr bg tfjpfrgturg dndidgb S = cf cdil` fbfjfnt` fn fb j`jfnt` cf i`giid`ngr su

j`vdjdfnt`, ästg sf t`jgrç daugb g bg tfjpfrgturg jfcdg cf cdil` fbfjfnt` curgntf fb pfrd`c` cf i`nstruiidùn y, fn gusfnidgcf fstg dnh`rjgidùn, p`crç t`jgrsf un vgb`r S= : 76 ½I.

Fn fb cdjfnsd`ngjdfnt` cf b`s gpgrgt`s cf gp`y` y cf bgs kuntgs cf cdbgtgidùn sf rfgbdzgrg i`nsdcfrgnc` i`j` jçxdjgvgrdgidùn cf i`ntrgiidùn cf bg i`jp`nfntf undh`rjf cf bg tfjpfrgturg cfb pufntf fb vgb`r cf (∈S N,i`n+76) ½I, y i`j` jçxdjgvgrdgidùn cf cdbgtgidùn cf bg i`jp`nfntf undh`r jf cf bg tfjpfrgturg cfb pufntf fb vgb`r (∈S N,fxp+76)½I

]`crç i`nsdcfrgrsf i`j` jçxdjg vgrdgidùn cf i`ntrgiidùn cf bg i`jp`nfntf undh`rjf cf bg tfjpfrgturg cfb pufntf fbvgb`r cf (∈S N,i`n+6) ½I y i`j` jçxdjg vgrdgidùn cf cdbgtgidùn fb vgb`r cf (∈S N,fxp+6) ½I, fn b`s igs`s sdaudfntfs;

- Fn b`s gp`y`s, iugnc` fb pr`yfit` fspfidhdquf bg tfjpfrgturg cf i`bìgidùn, edfn iugnc` fstä prfvdst` rfgkustgr, ungvfz i`nibudcg bg fkfiuidùn, bgs l`baurgs cf b`s gp`y`s pgrg ung tfjpfrgturg daugb g S=.

- Fn fb igs` cf bg kuntg cf cdbgtgidùn, iugnc` fb pr`yfit` fspfidhdquf bg tfjpfrgturg cf i`bìgidùn, edfn iugnc` fstä prfvdst` rfgbdzgr ung `pfrgidùn cf rfabgc` cf bg jdsjg prfvdgjfntf g su i`bìgidùn.

Fn fb içbiub` cf b`s rfi`rrdc`s cf gp`y`s y cf kuntgs sf tfncrçn fn iufntg bgs p`sdebfs vgrdgid`nfs cf sustfntgidùn l`rdz`ntgbcfb tgebfr` g b` bgra` cf bg i`nstruiidùn, pufst` quf pufcfn ghfitgr g bg jgandtuc y gb sfntdc` cf b`s cfspbgzgjdfnt`s l`rdz`ntgbfsg i`nsdcfrgr fn hunidùn cf bg uedigidùn cfb punt` hdk` fn igcg hgsf cf i`nstruiidùn.

Ugna` cf vgrdgidùn cf bg i`jp`nfntf undh`rjf cf bg tfjpfrgturg fn fb tgebfr`;

∈ : , , : 36,85 (7=,99) : 66,46 ½ ↕ ∈ : 66,46 ½

Xgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` cf bg jçxdjg vgrdgidùn cf bg i`jp`nfntf undh`rjf cf bg tfjpfrgturg fn i`ntrgiidùn;∈, : , : 76 (6,9516) : 5=,99 ½ () ↕ ∈, : 5=,99 ½

Xgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` cf bg jçxdjg vgrdgidùn cf bg i`jp`nfntf undh`rjf cf bg tfjpfrgturg fn cdbgtgidùn;∈, : , : 31,84<< 76: 95,1= ½ ↕ ∈, : 95,1= ½

Xgrdgidùn cf tfjpfrgturg

3.9.7.5 I`jp`nfntf cf bg cdhfrfnidg cf tfjpfrgturg3.9.7.5.7 Cdhfrfnidg vfrtdigb3.9.7.5.5 Cdhfrfnidg l`rdz`ntgb3.9.7.5.9 Cdhfrfnidg bìgb fn pgrfcfs cf sfiid`nfs igkùn cf l`rjdaùn3.9.7.9 Ydjubtgnfdcgc cf bg i`jp`nfntf undh`rjf y cf bg cdhfrfnidg cf tfjpfrgturg3.9.5 Giidùn tärjdig fn pdbgs3.9.9 Cdhfrfnidgs cf tfjpfrgturg undh`rjf fntrf fbfjfnt`s fstruiturgbfs3.9.9.7 Cdhfrfnidgs fn pufntfs i`n tdrgntfs pänc`bgs3.9.9.5 Cdhfrfnidgs fn pufntfs i`n gri`s pdb`n`s

3.3.

NDFXFFn afnfrgb, sùb` sfrç nfifsgrd` i`nsdcfrgr bg sèrfigrag cf ndfvf fn pufntfs sdtugc`s fn z `ngs cf gbtg j`ntg÷g curgntf

bg i`nstruiidùn.

Cf n` fxdstdr cgt`s fspfiêhdi`s suhdidfntfs cf bg z`ng f n bg quf sf uedigrg fb pufntf, sf t`jgrç i`j` vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi`cf bg sèrfigrag cf ndfvf fn fb quf sf dncdig fn fb gpgrtgc` 3.3.5. B`s vgb`rfs rfiàdc`s fn fstg Dnstruiidùn n` sfrçn cf gpbdigidùnfn pufntfs sdtugc`s fn buagrfs i`nìdc`s p`r sus i`ncdid`nfs fxtrfjgs cf vdfnt` ` ndfvf. Fn fb igs` cf gbtdtucfs supfrd`rfs g5.5== j, sfrç nfifsgrd` un fstucd` fspfiêhdi` pgrg cftfrjdngr bg sèrfigrag cf ndfvf.

3.3.7 Yèrfigrag cf ndfvf fn un tfrrfn` l`rdz`ntgbFn bg tgebg 3.3-g sf dncdign b`s vgb`rfs igrgitfrêstdi`s cf bg sèrfigrag cf ndfvf sèrf un tfrrfn` l`rdz`ntgb pgrg igcg ung

cf bgs sdftf z`ngs ibdjçtdigs (rfprfsfntgcgs fn bg hdaurg 3.9-e) fn hunidùn cf bg gbtdtuc cfb tfrrfn`.

Fn bg tgebg 3.3-e hdaurg bg gbtdtuc y b`s igb`rfs igrgitfrêstdi`s cf bg sèrfigrag cf ndfvf sèrf un tfrrfn` l`rdz`ntgb fn bgsigpdtgbfs cf pr`vdnidg y iducgcfs gutùn`jgs.





( , , W )


3.3.5 Yèrfigrag cf ndfvf fn tgebfr`sI`j` vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` cf bg sèrfigrag cf ndfvf sèrf tgebfr`s q o , sf gc`ptgrç fb cfhdndc` p`r bg sdaudfntf fxprfsdùn; : = , < ±

C`ncf so fs fb vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` cf bg sèrfigrag cf ndfvf sèrf un tfrrfn` l`rdz`ntgb, sfaûn fb gpgrtgc` 3.7.7.

: = , < ± 7 : = , < ⁃ ↕ : =.< ⁃

Igrags cf ndfvf

3.3.9 Giujubgid`nfs bìgbfs cf ndfvf

3.6. @SUGY XGUDGEBFY3.6.7 Giidùn cfb gaug3.6.7.7 Fjpukf ldcr`stçtdi`3.6.7.5 Fjpukf ldcr`cdnçjdi`3.6.5 @trgs sèrfigrags fn sdtugid`nfs trgnsdt`rdgs






IG]ÊSVB@ 6; GIID@NFY GIIDCFNSGBFY6.7 DJ][email protected] Djpgit` cf vflêiub`s cf igrrftfrg i`ntrg un fbfjfnt` fstruiturgb cfb pufntf pgsgrfbg6.7.5 Djpgit` i`ntrg sdstfjgs cf i`ntfnidùn cf vflêiub`s

G fhfit`s cfb pr`yfit` fstruiturgb, fb djpgit` cf un vflêiub` i`ntrg fb sdstfjg cf i`ntfnidùn (cdspufst` i`nh`rjf g bgn`rjgtdvg vdafntf) sf gsdjdbgrç g ung igrag fstçtdig i`jpufstg p`r ung hufrzg l`rdz`ntgb trgnsvfrsgb y un j`jfnt` cf fkfb`nadtucdngb i`ni`jdtgntfs, gpbdigc`s fn bg z`ng cf i`nfxdùn fntrf fb fbfjfnt` cf i`ntfnidùn y bg fstruiturg.

Bgs hufrgs jçxdjgs quf fb sdstfjg cf i`ntfnidùn pufcf bbfagr g trgnshfrdr g bg fstruiturg g trgväs cfb sdstfjg cf gnibgkfsfrçn bgs i`rrfsp`ncdfntfs gb hgbb` ubtdj` cfb prftdb pr`cuidc` p`r iugbqudfr djpgit` i`nifedebf y sfrçn, n`rjgbjfntf, supfrd`rfs

g bgs jfcdcgs curgntf b`s fnsgy`s cf djpgit` cf vflêiub` g fsigbg rfgb cfhdndc`s p`r bg n`rjgtdvg vdafntf (VNF-FN 7971).

Yf t`jgrg pgrg fstg giidùn fb vgb`r n`jdngb cf bgs hufrzgs y j`jfnt`s jçxdj`s, quf hgidbdtgrç g fst`s fhfit`s fb hgerdigntfcfb sdstfjg cf i`ntfnidùn, cfhdndc`s sfaûn fb pçrrgh` gntfrd`r y cftfrjdngc`s, jfcdgntf içbiub`s ` jfcdgntf fnsgy`sfspfiêhdi`s, cf giufrc` i`n bg n`rjgtdvg i`rrfsp`ncdfntf. Yd n` sf i`nìdfrg cdilg dnh`rjgidùn sf t`jgrg fb vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi`cf bg rfsdstfnidg cfb sdstfjg cf gnibgkf cfb prftdb.

]grg fb cdjfnsd`ngjdfnt` trgnsvfrsgb cfb tgebfr`, sf i`nsdcfrg quf, sdjubtçnfgjfntf i`n fstg giidùn giidcfntgb, gitûg unghufrzg vfrtdigb cfedcg g bg prfsfnidg cfb vflêiub` cf vgb`r daugb g =,16 ± W7o , sdtugcg prùxdjg g b`s gnibgkfs cfb sdstfjg cfi`ntfnidùn fn bg p`sdidùn jçs cfshgv`rgebf, sdfnc` W7o bg igrag p`r fkf cfb vflêiub` pfsgc` i`rrfsp`ncdfntf gb igrrdb vdrtugb 7,dncdigcg fn bg tgebg 3.7-e. Fstgs giid`nfs n` sf i`jedngrgn i`n ndnaung trg giidùn vgrdgebf.

]grg fb cdjfnsd`ngjdfnt` bìgb cf b`s cftgbbfs i`nstruitdv`s fn bg z`ng cfb tgebfr` fn bg quf sf i`nfitg fb fbfjfnt` cfi`ntfnidùn, sf i`nsdcfrgrç ung giidùn giidcfntgb daugb g 7,6 vfifs fb vgb`r cf bg giidùn dncdigc` jçs grrdeg, i`n fb èkft` cfgsfaurgr quf, egk` fb djpgit` cf un vflêiub` i`ntrg fb prftdb, fb tgebfr` n` rfsubtg cg÷gc`. G fhfit`s cf fstf cdjfnsd`ngjdfnt`bìgb, cdilg giidùn giidcfntg n` sf i`jedngrg i`n ndnaung giidùn vgrdgebf.

Gcfjçs, fb hgerdigntf cfb sdstfjg cf i`ntfnidùn gc`ptgc` cfefrç agrgntdzgr quf fb sdstfjg cf hdkgidùn cfb prftdb gb tgebfr`cdsp`nf cf un cdsp`sdtdv` husdebf quf pfrjdtg bg sustdtuidùn rfpgrgidùn cfb sdstfjg cf i`ntfnidùn cg÷gc` curgntf fb djpgit`sdn ghfitg gb tgebfr` y quf gsfaurf quf bgs hufrzgs trgnsjdtdcgs gb jdsj` p`r b`s gnibgkfs n` supfrgn bgs dncdigcgs fn fstf grtêiub`.

Fstf grtêiub` n` sf lg tfndc` fn iufntg yg quf n` fs èkft` cfb prfsfntf fkfridid`, gcfjçs cf sfr juy i`st`s` fb fni`ntrgrhgerdigntfs cf pgntgbbgs gntdvgncçbdigs y quf gcfjçs qudfrgn cgr cgt`s rfhfrfntfs g sus sdstfjgs. Fs p`r fbb` quf n` sf lgcfidcdc` utdbdzgr fn bg fbge`rgidùn cfb j`cfb` YG] cfb pufntf. ]fr` sgefj`s quf fn fb igs` cf un cdsf÷` rfgb cf un pufntf i`nfst`s cdsp`sdtdv`s y/` pgntgbbgs tfncrêgj`s quf tfnfrb` fn iufntg

6.7.9 Djpgit` cf vflêiub`s hfrr`vdgrd`sFn fb igs` cf b`s pufntfs cf igrrftfrg quf iruifn sèrf ung vêg cf hfrrìgrrdb sfrç nfifsgrd` tfnfr fn iufntg bgs giid`nfs g

quf pufcg cgr buagr bg i`bdsdùn cf un trfn i`ntrg b`s fbfjfnt`s cf bg suefstruiturg cfb pufntf. Fb vgb`r cf cdilgs giid`nfs, gsdi`j` b`s irdtfrd`s pgrg su i`nsdcfrgidùn, sfrçn b`s dncdigc`s fn bg Dnstruiidùn sèrf bgs giid`nfs g i`nsdcfrgr fn pufntfs cfhfrrìgrrdb (DG]H-=1) n`rjgtdvg quf b` sustdtuyg.

Fstf grtêiub` tgjpì` b` vgj`s g tfnfr fn iufntg yg quf fn fb prfsfntf trgegk` s`b` sf n`s pdcf cdjfnsd`ngr fb tgebfr` cfb pufntfy p`r fs` n` fs èkft` cf fstf trgegk`. Gun gsê y i`j` trgegk` fxtrg lgrfj`s un cdjfnsd`ngc` cf bg grjgcurg cf bg pdbg n`tfndfnc` fn iufntg quf fb pufntf gtrgvdfsg ung vêg cf hfrrìgrrdb.

6.7.3 Djpgit` cf fjegrigid`nfs

6.5 GIIDÙN YÊYJDIG (GF)Bg giidùn sêsjdig sf i`nsdcfrgrç fn pr`yfit` cf pufntfs cf giufrc` i`n bgs prfsirdpid`nfs rfiàdcgs fn bg vdafntf N`rjg

cf I`nstruiidùn Ydsj`rrfsdstfntf cf ]ufntfs (NIY]-=1) n`rjgtdvg quf bg sustdtuyg.

]grg bg ibgsdhdigidùn cf b`s pufntfs p`r su djp`rtgnidg, fxibusdvgjfntf g fhfit`s cf bg gpbdigidùn cf cdilg N`rjg, sfcdstdnaudrçn bgs sdaudfntfs igtfa`rêgs;g) ]ufntfs cf djp`rtgnidg j`cfrgcg

Yf p`crçn dnibudr fn fstg igtfa`rêg gqufbb`s pufntfs ` fstruiturgs fn b`s quf bg i`nsdcfrgidùn cf bg giidùn sêsjdig n` sfgfi`nùjdigjfntf kustdhdigebf, sdfjprf quf n` sfgn irêtdi`s pgrg fb jgntfndjdfnt` cf bgs i`jundigid`nfs. Fn afnfrgb, b`s pufntfscf bg rfc cf igrrftfrgs cfb Fstgc` n` sf i`nsdcfrgrgn dnibudc`s fn fstg igtfa`rêg, sgbv` quf sf kustdhdquf gcfiugcgjfntf y sfgut`rdif cf h`rjg fxprfsg p`r bg Cdrfiidùn Afnfrgb cf Igrrftfrgs.

]grg b`s pufntfs cf djp`rtgnidg j`cfrgcg, sf t`jgrg un hgit`r cf djp`rtgnidg cf vgb`r ι h : =.

e) ]ufntfs cf djp`rtgnidg n`rjgb

Y`n gqufbb`s iuyg cfstruiidùn pufcf dntfrrujpdr un sfrvdid` nfifsgrd` pgrg bg i`bfitdvdcgc pr`cuidr djp`rtgntfs pärcdcgsfi`nùjdigs sdn quf, fn ndnaûn igs`, sf trgtf cf un sfrvdid` djprfsidncdebf pufcg cgr buagr g fhfit`s igtgstrùhdi`s.

Yf dnibuyfn fn fstf arup`, fn afnfrgb, t`c`s b`s pufntfs cf bg rfc cf igrrftfrgs cfb Fstgc` quf n` fstän dnibudc`s fn bgigtfa`rêg cf pufntfs cf djp`rtgnidg fspfidgb. Fn i`nirft`, s`n pufntfs cf djp`rtgnidg n`rjgb b`s pgs`s supfrd`rfs, b`s pgs`sdnhfrd`rfs (jgri`s, pùrtdi`s eùvfcgs), b`s hgbs`s tûnfbfs, bgs pgsgrfbgs y bgs pfquf÷gs ergs cf pgs` pfrtfnfidfntfs g bg rfc cfgbtg igpgidcgc, sgbv` quf i`niurrg gbaung cf bgs idriunstgnidgs idtgcgs fn fb gpgrtgc` sdaudfntf.

i) ]ufntfs cf djp`rtgnidg fspfidgbY`n gqufbb`s iuyg cfstruiidùn pufcf dntfrrujpdr un sfrvdid` djprfsidncdebf cfspuäs cf lgefr ìurrdc` un tfrrfj`t`, `

gujfntgr b`s cg÷`s pr`cuidc`s p`r fb jdsj` p`r fhfit`s igtgstrùhdi`s. Yf i`nsdcfrgrgn dnibudc`s fn fstf arup` b`s quf gsê fstdjfbg gut`rdcgc i`jpftfntf y, gb jfn`s b`s sdaudfntfs;

- ]ufntfs sdtugc`s fn bgs igbzgcgs prdnidpgbfs cf bg rfc cf gbtg igpgidcgc (gut`vêgs y gut`pdstgs) y fn bgs igrrftfrgsi`nvfnid`ngbfs y vêgs cf sfrvdid` iuyg DJC sfg supfrd`r g 1.=== vflêiub`s/cêg.

- ]ufntfs quf s`p`rtgn bgs bênfgs cf sfrvdid`s eçsdi`s (i`ncuiid`nfs fbäitrdigs, cf gaug, fti.)- ]ufntfs sdtugc`s fn b`s giifs`s prdnidpgbfs g nûibf`s uregn`s y pufntfs uregn`s sdtugc`s fn grtfrdgs vêgs p rdnidpgbfs.- ]ufntfs sdtugc`s fn vêgs (dnibuyfnc` b`s pgs`s supfrd`rfs f dnhfrd`rfs cf bgs jdsjgs) quf cfn giifs` g b`s sdaudfntfs

tdp`s cf dnstgbgid`nfs;• L`spdtgbfs y ifntr`s sgndtgrd`s.• Fcdhdid`s pgrg pfrs`ng y fqudp`s cf gyucg, i`j` iugrtfbfs cf e`jefr`s, p`bdiêg, hufrzgs grjgcgs y pgrquf cf

jgqudngrdg.

• Dnstgbgid`nfs eçsdigs cf bgs pèbgid`nfs i`j` cfpùsdt`s cf gaug, ags, i`jeustdebfs, fstgid`nfs cf e`jef`, rfcfscf cdstrdeuidùn, ifntrgbfs fbäitrdigs y ifntr`s cf trgnsh`rjgidùn.

• ]ufrt`s y gfr`pufrt`s cf dntfräs afnfrgb cfb Fstgc`.

• Fcdhdid`s f dnstgbgid`nfs eçsdigs cf i`jundigid`nfs; rgcd`, tfbfvdsdùn, ifntrgbfs tfbfhùndigs y tfbfarçhdigs.• Fcdhdigid`nfs c`ncf fstf prfvdst` gbefragr b`s ifntr` cf `ragndzgidùn y i``rcdngidùn fn igs` cf un tfrrfj`t`

cfstruitdv`.• ]grqufs cf jgqudngrdg gbjgifnfs quf gb`kfn dnstrujfntgb jgqudngrdg djprfsidncdebf pgrg bg gyucg dnjfcdgtg.

• Argncfs prfsgs y sus dnstgbgid`nfs eçsdigs.• Fcdhdid`s c`ncf fxdstgn giujubgcgs jgtfrdgs tùxdigs, dnhbgjgebfs fxpb`sdvgs.

• Ifntrgbfs nuibfgrfs dnstgbgid`nfs c`ncf sf prìfsfn jgtfrdgbfs rgcdgitdv`s.

N` sf tfncrç fn iufntg bg giidùn cfb sdsj` fn fstf pufntf cfedc` g quf fstç sdtugc` fn bg pr`vdnidg cf [gj`rg, pr`vdnidg fn bgquf bg giidùn sêsjdig fs drrfbfvgntf. G pfsgr cf quf fstf pufntf fstf i`nsdcfrgc` i`j` un pufntf cf djp`rtgnidg n`rjgb.

6.9 @SUGY GIID@NFY GIIDCFNSGBFY6.9.7 Igêcg cf un igrr` cf gvgnif fn hgsf cf i`nstruiidùn






IG]ÊSVB@ 8; EGYFY ]GUG BG I@JEDNGIDÙN CF [email protected] XGB@UFY UF]UFYFNSGSDX@Y CF BGY GIID@NFY

Fb vgb`r rfprfsfntgtdv` cf ung giidùn fs fb vgb`r cf bg jdsjg utdbdzgc` pgrg bg vfrdhdigidùn cf b`s fstgc`s bêjdtf.

Fb prdnidpgb vgb`r rfprfsfntgtdv` cf bgs giid`nfs fs su vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi`, quf hdaurg fn b`s igpêtub`s 9, 3 y 6 cf bgDnstruiidùn. ]grg giid`nfs vgrdgebfs sf i`nsdcfrgrgn, gcfjçs, fntrf `tr`s vgb`rfs rfprfsfntgtdv`s, sfaûn sf fspfidhdig fn fstfgpgrtgc`.

8.7.7 Xgb`r rfprfsfntgtdv` cf bgs giid`nfs pfrjgnfntfs]grg giid`nfs pfrjgnfntfs sf i`nsdcfrgrç un ûndi` vgb`r rfprfsfntgtdv`, i`dnidcfntf i`n fb vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` Ao = A*

o

Fn fb igs` cfb pfs` cfb pgvdjfnt` y cf tuefrêgs y `tr`s sfrvdid`s sdtugc`s fn fb pufntf, sf t`jgrgn c`s vgb`rfsigrgitfrêstdi`s, Ao,sup y Ao,dnh , cfhdndc`s fn fb gpgrtgc`s 9.7.5.

]grg giid`nfs pfrjgnfntfs cf vgb`r n` i`nstgntf, cfhdndcgs i`nh`rjf gb gpgrtgc` 9.5, fb vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` sfrç fbi`rrfsp`ncdfntf gb dnstgntf t fn fb quf sf rfgbdzg bg i`jprègidùn.

8.7.5 Xgb`rfs rfprfsfntgtdv`s cf bgs giid`nfs vgrdgebfs]grg igcg ung cf bgs giid`nfs vgrdgebfs, fxifpt` fb trfn cf igrag cf hgtdag, gcfjçs cf su vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi`, dncdigc` fn

fb igpêtub` 3, sf i`nsdcfrgrçn b`s sdaudfntfs vgb`rfs rfprfsfntgtdv`s, sfaûn bg i`jprègidùn cf quf sf trgtf;- Xgb`r cf i`jedngidùn ό= Wo ; Yfrç fb vgb`r cf bg giidùn iugnc` gitûf i`n gbaung `trg giidùn vgrdgebf, pgrg tfnfr fn

iufntg bg pfquf÷g prègedbdcgc cf quf gitûfn sdjubtçnfgjfntf b`s vgb`rfs jçs cfshgv`rgebfs cf vgrdgs giid`nfsdncfpfncdfntfs.

Fstf vgb`r sf utdbdzgrç fn bgs i`jprègid`nfs cf b`s fstgc`s bêjdtf ûbtdj`s fn sdtugidùn pfrsdstfntf ` trgnsdt`rdg y cfb`s fstgc`s bdjdtf cf sfrvdid` drrfvfrsdebfs.

- Xgb`r hrfiufntf ό7 Wo ; Yfrç fb vgb`r cf bg giidùn tgb quf sfg sèrfpgsgc` curgntf un pfrd`c` cf i`rtg curgidùn rfspfit`g bg vdcg ûtdb cfb pufntf. I`rrfsp`ncf g un pfrd`c` cf rft`rn` cf ung sfjgng.

Fstf vgb`r sf utdbdzgrç fn bgs i`jprègid`nfs cf fstgc`s bêjdtf ûbtdj`s fn sdtugidùn giidcfntgb y cf fstgc`s bdjdtf cfsfrvdid` rfvfrsdebfs.

- Xgb`r igsd- pfrjgnfntf ό5 Wo ; Yfrç fb vgb`r cf bg giidùn tgb quf sfg sèrfpgsgc` curgntf ung argn pgrtf cf bg vdcg ûtdbcfb pufntf.

Fstf vgb`r sf utdbdzgrç tgjedän fn bgs i`jprègid`nfs cf fstgc`s bêjdtf ûbtdj`s fn sdtugidùn giidcfntgb y cf fstgc`sbêjdtf cf sfrvdid` rfvfrsdebfs, gcfjçs cf fn bg fvgbugidùn cf b`s fhfit`s cdhfrdc`s.

Fb trfn cf igrag pgrg hgtdag tfncrç un ûndi` vgb`r rfprfsfntgtdv` i`dnidcfntf i`n fb dncdigc` fn fb gpgrtgc` 3.7.6.

Fb vgb`r cf b`s hgit`rfs cf sdjubtgnfdcgc ό sfrç cdhfrfntf sfaûn bg giidùn cf quf sf trgtf. Yf gc`ptgrgn b`s vgb`rfs rfiàdc`sfn bg tgebg 8.7-g.

8.7.9 Xgb`r rfprfsfntgtdv` cf bgs giid`nfs]grg bgs giid`nfs giidcfntgbfs sf i`nsdcfrgrç un ûndi` vgb`r rfprfsfntgtdv`, i`dnidcfntf i`n fb vgb`r n`jdngb cfhdndc` fn

fb igpêtub` 6. Fn fb igs` cf bg giidùn sêsjdig, sf i`nsdcfrgrç b` quf sf dncdig sèrf fb pgrtdiubgr fn bg N`rjg cf I`nstruiidùnYdsj`rrfsdstfntf cf ]ufntf (NIY]-=1) n`rjgtdvg quf bg sustdtuyg.

8.5 XGB@U CF IÇBIVB@ CF BGY GIID@NFYFb vgb`r cf içbiub` cf ung giidùn sf etdfnf jubtdpbdignc` su vgb`r rfprfsfntgtdv` p`r fb i`rrfsp`ncdfntf i`fhdidfntf pgridgb

ιH.

B`s i`fhdidfntfs ιH tfncrçn vgb`rfs cdhfrfntfs sfaûn bg sdtugidùn cf pr`yfit` cf quf sf trgtf (edfn pfrsdstfntf trgnsdt`rdg, edfn giidcfntgb ` sêsjdig) y sfaûn fb fstgc` bêjdtf èkft` cf i`jprègidùn (fqudbderd` cf bg fstruiturg ` i`jprègid`nfs

rfsdstfntfs).

B`s vgb`rfs cf i`fhdidfntfs cgc`s fn b`s gpgrtgc`s sdaudfntfs, tdfnfn fn iufntg bgs dnifrtdcujerfs tgnt` fn bg fstdjgidùncfb vgb`r rfprfsfntgtdv` cf bgs giid`nfs i`j` fn bg j`cfbdzgidùn cfb fhfit` cf bgs giid`nfs.8.5.7 Xgb`r cf içbiub` pgrg i`jprègid`nfs fn FBV 8.5.7.7 Fn sdtugidùn pfrsdstfntf trgnsdt`rdg 8.5.7.7.7. I`jprègid`nfs cf fqudbderd` (FWV)

Yf gc`ptgrçn b`s vgb`rfs cf b`s i`fhdidfntfs pgridgbfs ιH dncdigc`s fn bg tgebg 8.5-g






8.5.7.7.5. I`jprègid`nfs rfsdstfntfs (YSU)Yf gc`ptgrçn b`s vgb`rfs cf b`s i`fhdidfntfs pgridgbfs ιH dncdigc`s fn bg tgebg 8.5-e.

]grg gpbdigr b`s cdhfrfntfs vgb`rfs cf b`s i`fhdidfntfs ιH Yf tfncrçn fn iufntg bgs prfsirdpid`nfs sdaudfntfs;- ]grg bgs giid`nfs pfrjgnfntfs cf vgb`r i`nstgntf A, b`s i`fhdidfntfs ιA : 7,= y ιA : 7,96 sf gpbdigrgn g bg t`tgbdcgc cf

bg giidùn cfb jdsj` rdafn, sfaûn su fhfit` t`tgb sfg hgv`rgebf cfshgv`rgebf, rfspfitdvgjfntf.

- Fn fb igs` cf bg igrag cf pgvdjfnt`, sf i`nsdcfrgrg pgrg bg t`tgbdcgc cf bg giidùn;• Fb vgb`r rfprfsfntgtdv` dnhfrd`r Ao,dnh p`ncfrgc` p`r ιA : 7,= iugnc` su fhfit` sfg hgv`rgebf.• Fb vgb`r rfprfsfntgtdv` supfrd`r Ao,sup p`ncfrgc` p`r ιA : 7, 96 iugnc` su fhfit` sfg cfshgv`rgebf.

- Iugnc` bg i`jprègidùn rfsdstfntf pufcg sfr juy sfnsdebf g vgrdgid`nfs cf bgs giid`nfs pfrjgnfntfs cf ung g `trg pgrtf cf bg fstruiturg (i j`, p`r fkfjpb`, fn un pufntf fn i`nstruiidùn jfcdgntf v`bgcdz`s suifsdv`s), sf i`nsdcfrgrçgcfjçs fb irdtfrd` i` jpbfjfntgrd` sdaudfntf;

• ]grg bg pgrtf hgv`rgebf cf bg giidùn; ιA,dnh Ao,dnh i`n ιA,dnh : =,4

• ]grg bg pgrtf cfshgv`rgebf cf bg giidùn; ιA,supAo,sup i`n ιA,sup : 7,7






- Yf i`nsdcfrgrç bg giidùn ldpfrfstçtdig pr`cuidcg p`r fb prftfnsgc` ]7, tfndfnc` fn iufntg fb vgb`r cf bg hufrzg cf prftfnsgc` ]o,t fn fb dnstgntf t fn fb quf sf rfgbdzg bg i`jprègidùn, gpbdignc` b`s i`fhdidfntfs pgridgbfs gquêfspfidhdigc`s.

- ]grg bg giidùn cfb prftfnsgc` ]5, quf sfaûn fb gpgrtgc` 9.5.7.7, sf trgtg cf bg giidùn gsìdgcg g bgs igrags pfrjgnfntfs,gcfjçs cfb irdtfrd` cf jgy`rgidùn cf bg tgebg 8.5-e (sfaûn fb iugb sf gpbdig g bg giidùn cfb prftfnsgc` b`s jdsj`si`fhdidfntfs quf g bgs giid`nfs pfrjgnfntfs quf sf qudfrfn i`ntrgrrfstgr), sf i`nsdcfrgrgn b`s sdaudfntfs irdtfrd`si`jpbfjfntgrd`s;

• Irdtfrd` i`jpbfjfntgrd` 7;ιA* : =,46 pgrg bg giidùn cfb prftfnsgc` ]5 ιA : 7,=6 pgrg bgs giid`nfs pfrjgnfntfs i`ntrgrrfstgcgs p`r ]5

• Irdtfrd` i`jpbfjfntgrd` 5;ιA* : 7,=6 pgrg bg giidùn cfb prftfnsgc` ]5 ιA : =,46 pgrg bgs giid`nfs pfrjgnfntfs i`ntrgrrfstgcgs p`r ]5

Yf gc`ptgrç pgrg fb içbiub` fb rfsubtgc` jçs cfshgv`rgebf cf b`s etfndc`s gpbdignc` b`s trfs irdtfrd`s gquê cfhdndc`s.

B`s c`s ûbtdj`s irdtfrd`s i`jpbfjfntgrd`s n` sfrçn gpbdigebfs pgrg gqufbb`s igs`s fn quf bg hbfxdedbdcgc cfb tgebfr`sfg tgb quf un cfsfqudbderd` fntrf bgs giid`nfs jfnid`ngcgs pr`cuzig cfh`rjgid`nfs gprfidgebfs quf pufcgn sfrcftfitgcgs y i`rrfadcgs jfcdgntf un gcfiugc` i`ntr`b. Fstf lfil` cfefrç sfr cfedcgjfntf kustdhdigc` fn fb pr`yfit`.

- ]grg t`cgs bgs giid`nfs cfedcgs g j`vdjdfnt`s djpufst`s (rftrgiidùn, hbufnidg, gsdfnt`s, fhfit`s tärjdi`s,…) sf cfefrçi`nsdcfrgr, gb fvgbugr b`s fshufrz`s pr`cuidc`s p`r bgs jdsjgs, su p`sdebf rfcuiidùn cfedc` g bg pärcdcg cf rdadcfz cfbg fstruiturg fn FBV.

- Fb fhfit` cf bgs giid`nfs cfedcgs g j`vdjdfnt`s djpufst`s p`crç dan`rgrsf fn FBV iugnc`, cf giufrc` i`n bgn`rjgtdvg fspfiêhdig i`rrfsp`ncdfntf g igcg jgtfrdgb, bg fstruiturg tfnag suhdidfntf cuitdbdcgc y gsê sf girfcdtf fn fb

pr`yfit`.

8.5.7.7.9. I`jprègid`nfs cf hgtdag (HGS)Sfndfnc` fn iufntg quf bgs i`jprègid`nfs cf hgtdag fstçn pr`huncgjfntf vdniubgcgs gb jgtfrdgb fstruiturgb, b`s

i`fhdidfntfs pgridgbfs sfrçn b`s rfiàdc`s p`r bg n`rjgtdvg fspfiêhdig quf i`rrfsp`ncg.

8.5.7.5 Fn sdtugidùn giidcfntgb Sgnt` pgrg bgs i`jprègid`nfs cf fqudbderd` (FWV) i`j` rfsdstfntfs (YSU), sf i`nsdcfrgrçn cdrfitgjfntf i`j` vgb`rfs

cf içbiub` b`s cfhdndc`s pgrg bgs giid`nfs cfedcgs g djpgit`s y pgrg `trgs giid`nfs giidcfntgbfs fn b`s gpgrtgc`s 6.7 y 6.9,rfspfitdvgjfntf.

8.5.7.9 Fn sdtugidùn sêsjdig Sgnt` pgrg bgs i`jprègid`nfs cf fqudbderd` (FWV) i`j` rfsdstfntfs (YSU), sf i`nsdcfrgrç i`j` vgb`r cf içbiub` cf bg

giidùn sêsjdig fb cfhdndc` p`r bg vdafntf N`rjg cf I`nstruiidùn Ydsj`rrfsdstfntf cf ]ufntf (NIY]-=1) ` n`rjgtdvg quf bgsustdtuyg.

8.5.5 Xgb`r cf içbiub` pgrg i`jprègid`nfs fn FBY ]grg bgs i`jprègid`nfs fn fstgc` bêjdtf cf sfrvdid`, sf gc`ptgrçn b`s vgb`rfs cf b`s i`fhdidfntfs pgridgbfs ιH dncdigc`s

fn bg tgebg 8.5-i

]grg bg giidùn cfb prftfnsgc` ]5 quf, sfaûn fb gpgrtgc` 9.5.7.7, quf sf trgtg i`j` giidùn gsìdgcg g bgs igrags pfrjgnfntfs,gcfjçs cfb irdtfrd` cf p`ncfrgidùn dncdigc` fn bg tgebg 8.5-i (sfaûn fb iugb sf gpbdig g bg giidùn cfb prftfnsgc` b`s jdsj`si`fhdidfntfs quf bgs giid`nfs pfrjgnfntfs quf sf qudfrfn i`ntrgrrfstgr), sf i`nsdcfrgrçn b`s sdaudfntfs irdtfrd`si`jpbfjfntgrd`s;

• Irdtfrd` i`jpbfjfntgrd` 7;ιA* :=,46 pgrg bg giidùn cfb prftfnsgc` ]5 ιA : 7,=6 pgrg bgs giid`nfs pfrjgnfntfs i`ntrgrrfstgcgs p`r ]5

• Irdtfrd` i`jpbfjfntgrd` 5;ιA* :7,=6 pgrg bg giidùn cfb prftfnsgc` ]5 ιA : =,46 pgrg bgs giid`nfs pfrjgnfntfs i`ntrgrrfstgcgs p`r ]5

Yf gc`ptgrç pgrg fb içbiub` fb rfsubtgc` jçs cfshgv`rgebf cf b`s etfndc`s gpbdignc` b`s trfs irdtfrd`s gquê cfhdndc`s.

B`s c`s ûbtdj`s irdtfrd`s i`jpbfjfntgrd`s n` sfrçn gpbdigebfs pgrg gqufbb`s igs`s fn quf bg hbfxdedbdcgc cfb tgebfr` sfg tgbquf un cfsfqudbderd` fntrf bgs giid`nfs jfnid`ngcgs pr`cuzig cfh`rjgid`nfs gprfidgebfs quf pufcgn sfr cftfitgcgs y i`rrfadcgsjfcdgntfs un gcfiugc` i`ntr`b. Fstf lfil` cfefrç qufcgr cfedcgjfntf kustdhdigc` fn fb pr`yfit`.







8.9 UFYVJFN GIID@NFYGntfs cf j`strgr bgs i`jedngid`nfs cf giid`nfs vgj`s g j`strgr un rfsujfn cf bgs ldpùtfsds fstgebfidcgs gntfs;

SGEBF; B`gc ]gttfrn Cfhdndtd`ns

B`gc]gt CfsdanSypf YfbhQtJubt

Sfxt Sfxt Vndtbfss

=7.CFGC CFGC 7

=5.IGUAGY JVFUSGY @SLFU =

=9.Y@EUFIGUAG SUGHDI@ @SLFU =

=3.XFLDIVB@ ]FYGC@ ICX @SLFU =

=6.XFLDIVB@ ]FYGC@ G]@ @SLFU =

=8.Y@EUFIGUAG ]FGS@NFY @SLFU =

=1.HUFNGC@/GUUGNWVF @SLFU =

=<.XDFNS@ @SLFU =

=4.SFJ]FUGSVUG @SLFU =

7=.NDFXF @SLFU =

8.3 I@JEDNGIDÙN CF GIID@NFY]grg igcg sdtugidùn cf pr`yfit` sf dcfntdhdigrçn bgs ldpùtfsds cf igrag irêtdigs y, pgrg igcg ung cf fbbgs, fb vgb`r cf içbiub`

cfb fhfit` cf bgs giid`nfs (vfr gpgrtgc` 5.9.9) sf etfncrç i`jedngnc` bgs giid`nfs quf pufcgn gitugr sdjubtçnfgjfntf, sfaûnb`s irdtfrd`s afnfrgbfs quf sf dncdign fn fstf gpgrtgc`.

Bgs i`jedngid`nfs cf giid`nfs pgrg bgs i`jprègid`nfs cf hgtdag sfrçn bgs dncdigcgs fn bg n`rjgtdvg fspfiêhdigi`rrfsp`ncdfntf g igcg jgtfrdgb fstruiturgb.

8.9.7 I`jedngid`nfs pgrg i`jprègid`nfs fn FBVBgs i`jedngid`nfs cf giid`nfs g tfnfr fn iufntg pgrg bgs vfrdhdigid`nfs fn F BV, fxibudcg bg hgtdag, sfrçn bgs dncdigcgs g

i`ntdnugidùn

8.9.7.7 Fn sdtugidùn pfrsdstfntf trgnsdt`rdgBg i`jedngidùn cf giid`nfs sf lgrç cf giufrc` i`n bg fxprfsdùn sdaudfntf (i`jedngidùn huncgjfntgb);, ,≦7 + , ,∑≦7 + ,7 ,7 +, ,,>7

C`ncf;Ao,k vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` cf igcg giidùn pfrjgnfntfAo,j vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` cf igcg giidùn pfrjgnfntf cf vgb`r n` i`nstgntfWo,7 vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` cf bg giidùn vgrdgebf c`jdngntfό =,7 Wo,d vgb`r cf bg i`jedngidùn cf bgs giid`nfs vgrdgebfs i`ni`jdtgntfs i`n bg giidùn vgrdgebf c`jdngntfιA , ιW i`fhdidfntfs pgridgbfs

Cfefrçn rfgbdzgrsf tgntgs ldpùtfsds ` i`jedngid`nfs i`j` sfg nfifsgrd`, i`nsdcfrgnc`, fn igcg ung cf fbbgs, ung cf bgsgiid`nfs vgrdgebfs i`j` c`jdngntf y fb rfst` i`j` i`ni`jdtgntfs.

Gb i`jedngr bgs cdhfrfntfs giid`nfs vgrdgebfs, sf tfncrçn fn iufntg bgs prfsirdpid`nfs sdaudfntfs;- Bg sèrfigrag cf us` fstgrç rfprfsfntgcg, pgrg su i`jedngidùn i`n fb rfst` cf bgs giid`nfs, jfcdgntf b`s arup`s cf

igrags cfhdndc`s fn bg tgebg 3.7-i, quf s`n fxibuyfntfs fntrf sê.

- Iugnc` sf i`nsdcfrf fb vdfnt` trgnsvfrsgb sèrf fb tgebfr`, sf i`nsdcfrgrç bg gitugidùn sdjubtçnfg cf bg i`jp`nfntfvfrtdigb cfb vdfnt` y fb j`jfnt` cf vufbi` i`rrfsp`ncdfntf, cfhdndc`s fn fb gpgrtgc` 3.5.6.7.

- Iugnc` sf i`nsdcfrf fb vdfnt` b`nadtucdngb sèrf fb tgebfr`, sfaûn fb gpgrtgc` 3.5.6.5, n` sf i`nsdcfrgrç bg gitugidùnsdjubtçnfg cfb vdfnt` trgnsvfrsgb, nd fb fjpukf vfrtdigb, nd fb j`jfnt` cf vufbi` i`rrfsp`ncdfntf.

- Bg i`ni`jdtgnidg cf bg i`jp`nfntf undh`rjf cf tfjpfrgturg y cf bg i`jp`nfntf cf cdhfrfnidg cf tfjpfrgturg sfrfadrç p`r b` fxpufst` fn fb gpgrtgc` 3.9.7.9.

-

Iugnc` sf i`nsdcfrf bg giidùn cfb vdfnt` i`j` prfc`jdngntf, n` sf tfncrç fn iufntg bg gitugidùn cf bg sèrfigrag cfus`.

- Iugnc` sf i`nsdcfrf bg sèrfigrag cf us` i`j` prfc`jdngntf, sf i`nsdcfrgrg fb vdfnt` i`ni`jdtgntf i`rrfsp`ncdfntf,i`n bgs dncdigid`nfs quf hdaurgn fn fb gpgrtgc` 3.5.9.

- Iugnc` sf i`nsdcfrf fb arup` cf igrags cf trghdi` ar 5 (hufrzgs l`rdz`ntgbfs i`n su vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi`), n` sfi`nsdcfrgrg bg gitugidùn cfb vdfnt` nd cf bg ndfvf)

- N` sf i`nsdcfrgrg bg giidùn sdjubtçnfg cfb vdfnt` y bg giidùn tärjdig.

- Fn afnfrgb, n` sf i`nsdcfrgrç bg giidùn sdjubtçnfg cf bg igrag cf ndfvf y bg sèrfigrag cf us` sgbv` fn z`ngs cf gbtgj`ntg÷g, fn iuy` igs` sf fstucdgrg pgrg fb pr`yfit` i`nirft` bg cdstrdeuidùn fspgidgb y bg i`ni`jdtgnidg cf gjegsgiid`nfs.

8.9.7.5 Fn sdtugidùn giidcfntgb

Bg i`jedngidùn cf giid`nfs fn sdtugidùn giidcfntgb sf lgrç cf giufrc` i`n bg fxprfsdùn sdaudfntf; ,≦7 + ,∑≦7 + 7,7 ,7 + , ,>7 +

C`ncf;Ao,k vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` cf igcg giidùn pfrjgnfntfAo,j vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` cf igcg giidùn pfrjgnfntf cf vgb`r n` i`nstgntfό 7,7 Wo,7 vgb`r hrfiufntf cf bg prdnidpgb giidùn vgrdgebf i`ni`jdtgntf i`n bg giidùn giidcfntgbό 5,d Wo,d vgb`r igsd-pfrjgnfntf cfb rfst` cf bgs giid`nfs vgrdgebfs i`ni`jdtgntfs Gc vgb`r cf içbiub` cf bg giidùn giidcfntgbFn afnfrgb, fn sdtugidùn giidcfntgb, n` sf i`nsdcfrgrç bg gitugidùn cfb vdfnt` nd bg cf bg ndfvf.

Iugnc` bg sdtugidùn giidcfntgb fstä pr`vìgcg p`r un djpgit` i`ntrg fb sdstfjg cf i`ntfnidùn cf vflêiub`s, sf tfncrç fniufntg b` fxpufst` fn fb gpgrtgc` 6.7.5, rfspfit` g bg i`jedngidùn i`n trgs giid`nfs.

8.9.7.9 Fn sdtugidùn sêsjdigBg i`jedngidùn cf giid`nfs fn sdtugidùn sêsjdig sf lgrç cf giufrc` i`n bg fxprfsdùn sdaudfntf; ,≦7 + ,∑≦7 + ,7 ,7 +

C`ncf;Ao,k vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` cf igcg giidùn pfrjgnfntfA*o,j vgb`r igrgitfrêstdi` cf igcg giidùn pfrjgnfntf cf vgb`r n` i`nstgntfό 5,7 Wo,7 vgb`r igsd-pfrjgnfntf cf bg sèrfigrag cf us` (sfaûn tgebg 8.7-g) GFc vgb`r cf içbiub` cf bg giidùn sêsjdig

]çadng 7< GNFK@ CF IÇBIVB@Y






8.9.5 I`jedngid`nfs pgrg i`jprègid`nfs fn FBYYfaûn fb fstgc` bêjdtf cf sfrvdid` quf sf vgyg g vfrdhdigr, sf gc`ptgrç un` cf b`s trfs tdp`s cf i`jedngidùn cf giid`nfs

dncdigc`s g i`ntdnugidùn.- I`jedngidùn igrgitfrêstdig (pì` prègebf rgrg);, ,≦7 + , ,∑≦7 + ,7 ,7 +, ,,>7

Fstg i`jedngidùn, quf i`dnidcf h`rjgbjfntf i`n bg i`jedngidùn huncgjfntgb cf FBV, sf utdbdzg fn afnfrgb pgrg bgvfrdhdigidùn cf FBY drrfvfrsdebfs.

- I`jedngidùn hrfiufntf; , ,≦7 + , ,∑≦7 + ,7 7,7 ,7 +, ,,>7

Fstg i`jedngidùn sf utdbdzg fn afnfrgb pgrg bg vfrdhdigidùn cf FBY rfvfrsdebfs.

- I`jedngidùn igsd-pfrjgnfntf; , ,≦7 + , ,∑≦7 +, ,,>7

Fstg i`jedngidùn sf utdbdzg tgjedän pgrg bg vfrdhdigidùn cf gbaun`s FBY rfvfrsdebfs y bg fvgbugidùn cf b`s fhfit`scdhfrdc`s.

Yfrçn tgjedän cf gpbdigidùn bgs prfsirdpid`nfs rfiàdcgs fn fb gpgrtgc` 8.9.7.7.

I@JEDNGID@NFYA ’ Giid`nfs pfrjgnfntfs cf vgb`r i`nstgntf

]fs` ]r`pd` ↕ ]] Igrag Jufrtg ↕ IJ

A* ’ Giid`nfs pfrjgnfntfs cf vgb`r n` i`nstgntf]rftfnsgc` ]5 ↕ ]S

W ’ Giid`nfs vgrdgebfsYèrfigrag cf Vs` ↕ YV Xdfnt` Srgnsvfrsgb + Xfrtdigb ↕ XS Xdfnt` B`nadtucdngb ↕ XB

Ndfvf ↕ N Giidùn Särjdig ↕ GS

, ,≦7 + , ,∑≦7 + ,7 ,7 +, ,,>7

SGEBF; I`jedngt d`n Cfhdndtd`ns

I`je`Ngjf I`je`Sypf Gut`Cfsdan IgsfNgjf YigbfHgit`r

Sfxt Sfxt Tfs/N` Sfxt Vndtbfss

FX. XFL. ]FYGC@ Fnvfb`pf N` =3.XFLDIVB@ ]FYGC@ ICX 7

FX. XFL. ]FYGC@ =6.XFLDIVB@ ]FYGC@ G]@ 7

IGUAGY ]FUJGNFNSFY Bdnfgr Gcc N` =7.CFGC 7

IGUAGY ]FUJGNFNSFY =5.IGUAGY JVFUSGY 7

AU7 Bdnfgr Gcc N` =9.Y@EUFIGUAG SUGHDI@ 7

AU7 FX. XFL. ]FYGC@ 7

AU5 Bdnfgr Gcc N` =9.Y@EUFIGUAG SUGHDI@ =.3AU5 FX. XFL. ]FYGC@ =.16

AU5 =1.HUFNGC@/GUUGNWVF 7

AU3 Bdnfgr Gcc N` =8.Y@EUFIGUAG ]FGS@NFY 7

=7.FBV AU7 (XDFNS@) Bdnfgr Gcc N` IGUAGY ]FUJGNFNSFY 7.96

=7.FBV AU7 (XDFNS@) AU7 7.96

=7.FBV AU7 (XDFNS@) =<.XDFNS@ =.4

=5.FBV AU7 (SFJ]) Bdnfgr Gcc N` IGUAGY ]FUJGNFNSFY 7.96

=5.FBV AU7 (SFJ]) AU7 7.96

=5.FBV AU7 (SFJ]) =4.SFJ]FUGSVUG =.4


=9.FBV AU5 (SFJ]) AU5 7.96


=3.FBV AU3 (XDFNS@) Bdnfgr Gcc N` IGUAGY ]FUJGNFNSFY 7.96

=3.FBV AU3 (XDFNS@) AU3 7.96

=3.FBV AU3 (XDFNS@) =<.XDFNS@ =.4


=6.FBV AU6 (SFJ]) AU3 7.96


=8.FBV XDFNS@ Bdnfgr Gcc N` IGUAGY ]FUJGNFNSFY 7.96

=8.FBV XDFNS@ =<.XDFNS@ 7.6

=8.FBV XDFNS@ 7=.NDFXF 7.5

=1.FBV SFJ] (AU7) Bdnfgr Gcc N` IGUAGY ]FUJGNFNSFY 7.96

=1.FBV SFJ] (AU7) =4.SFJ]FUGSVUG 7.6

=1.FBV SFJ] (AU7) AU7 7.=756

=<.FBV SFJ] (NDFXF) Bdnfgr Gcc N` IGUAGY ]FUJGNFNSFY 7.96

=<.FBV SFJ] (NDFXF) =4.SFJ]FUGSVUG 7.6

=<.FBV SFJ] (NDFXF) 7=.NDFXF 7.5=4.FBV NDFXF (XDFNS@) Bdnfgr Gcc N` IGUAGY ]FUJGNFNSFY 7.96

=4.FBV NDFXF (XDFNS@) 7=.NDFXF 7.6

=4.FBV NDFXF (XDFNS@) =<.XDFNS@ =.4

7=.FBV NDFXF (SFJ]) Bdnfgr Gcc N` IGUAGY ]FUJGNFNSFY 7.96

7=.FBV NDFXF (SFJ]) 7=.NDFXF 7.6

7=.FBV NDFXF (SFJ]) =4.SFJ]FUGSVUG =.4

77.IGUGIS AU7 (XDFNS@) Bdnfgr Gcc N` IGUAGY ]FUJGNFNSFY 7

77.IGUGIS AU7 (XDFNS@) AU7 7







77.IGUGIS AU7 (XDFNS@) =<.XDFNS@ =.8

75.IGUGIS AU7 (SFJ]) Bdnfgr Gcc N` IGUAGY ]FUJGNFNSFY 7

75.IGUGIS AU7 (SFJ]) AU7 7

75.IGUGIS AU7 (SFJ]) =4.SFJ]FUGSVUG =.8

79.IGUGIS AU5 (SFJ]) Bdnfgr Gcc N` IGUAGY ]FUJGNFNSFY 7



73.IGUGIS AU3 (XDFNS@) Bdnfgr Gcc N` IGUAGY ]FUJGNFNSFY 7

73.IGUGIS AU3 (XDFNS@) AU3 7

73.IGUGIS AU3 (XDFNS@) =<.XDFNS@ =.876.IGUGIS AU3 (SFJ]) Bdnfgr Gcc N` IGUAGY ]FUJGNFNSFY 7



78.IGUGIS XDFNS@ Bdnfgr Gcc N` IGUAGY ]FUJGNFNSFY 7

78.IGUGIS XDFNS@ =<.XDFNS@ 7

78.IGUGIS XDFNS@ 7=.NDFXF =.<

71.IGUGIS SFJ] (AU7) Bdnfgr Gcc N` IGUAGY ]FUJGNFNSFY 7

71.IGUGIS SFJ] (AU7) =4.SFJ]FUGSVUG 7

71.IGUGIS SFJ] (AU7) AU7 =.16

7<.IGUGIS SFJ] (NDFXF) Bdnfgr Gcc N` IGUAGY ]FUJGNFNSFY 7

7<.IGUGIS SFJ] (NDFXF) =4.SFJ]FUGSVUG 7

7<.IGUGIS SFJ] (NDFXF) 7=.NDFXF =.<

74.IGUGIS NDFXF (XDFNS@) Bdnfgr Gcc N` IGUAGY ]FUJGNFNSFY 7

74.IGUGIS NDFXF (XDFNS@) =<.XDFNS@ =.8

74.IGUGIS NDFXF (XDFNS@) 7=.NDFXF 7

5=.IGUGIS NDFXF (SFJ]) Bdnfgr Gcc N` IGUAGY ]FUJGNFNSFY 7

5=.IGUGIS NDFXF (SFJ]) =4.SFJ]FUGSVUG =.8

5=.IGUGIS NDFXF (SFJ]) 7=.NDFXF 7

57.HUFI AU7 (SFJ]) Bdnfgr Gcc N` IGUAGY ]FUJGNFNSFY 7

57.HUFI AU7 (SFJ]) AU7 7

57.HUFI AU7 (SFJ]) =4.SFJ]FUGSVUG =.6

55.HUFI XDFNS@ Bdnfgr Gcc N` IGUAGY ]FUJGNFNSFY 7

55.HUFI XDFNS@ =<.XDFNS@ =.5

59.HUFI SFJ] Bdnfgr Gcc N` IGUAGY ]FUJGNFNSFY 7

59.HUFI SFJ] =4.SFJ]FUGSVUG =.8

53.IVGYD] Bdnfgr Gcc N` IGUAGY ]FUJGNFNSFY 7

53.IVGYD] =4.SFJ]FUGSVUG =.6==7. I@JE. FBV Fnvfb`pf N` =7.FBV AU7 (XDFNS@) 7

==7. I@JE. FBV =5.FBV AU7 (SFJ]) 7


==7. I@JE. FBV =3.FBV AU3 (XDFNS@) 7


==7. I@JE. FBV =8.FBV XDFNS@ 7

==7. I@JE. FBV =1.FBV SFJ] (AU7) 7

==7. I@JE. FBV =<.FBV SFJ] (NDFXF) 7

==7. I@JE. FBV =4.FBV NDFXF (XDFNS@) 7

==7. I@JE. FBV 7=.FBV NDFXF (SFJ]) 7

==5. I@JE. IGUGIS Fnvfb`pf N` 77.IGUGIS AU7 (XDFNS@) 7

==5. I@JE. IGUGIS 75.IGUGIS AU7 (SFJ]) 7


==5. I@JE. IGUGIS 73.IGUGIS AU3 (XDFNS@) 7


==5. I@JE. IGUGIS 78.IGUGIS XDFNS@ 7

==5. I@JE. IGUGIS 71.IGUGIS SFJ] (AU7) 7

==5. I@JE. IGUGIS 7<.IGUGIS SFJ] (NDFXF) 7==5. I@JE. IGUGIS 74.IGUGIS NDFXF (XDFNS@) 7

==5. I@JE. IGUGIS 5=.IGUGIS NDFXF (SFJ]) 7

==9. I@JE. HUFI Fnvfb`pf N` 57.HUFI AU7 (SFJ]) 7

==9. I@JE. HUFI 55.HUFI XDFNS@ 7

==9. I@JE. HUFI 59.HUFI SFJ] 7

==3. I@JE. IVGYD] Fnvfb`pf N` 53.IVGYD] 7






5. YGBDCG CF UFYVBSGC@Y

J@CFB@ 7Vtdbdzgnc` fb pràrgjg YG]5=== lfj`s j`cfbdzgc` fb pufntf jfcdgntf fbfjfnt`s ‒Hrgjf‚, qufcgnc` cf bg sdaudfntf jgnfrg.

CDGAUGJGY (J@JFNS@Y HBFIS@UFY T I@USGNSF FN BG XDAG)7. FBV (Fstgc` Bêjdtf Ûbtdj`)

5. IGUGISFUÊYSDIG

9. HUFIVFNSF

3. IVGYD]FUJGNFNSF






CDGAUGJGY (J@JFNS@Y HFBIS@UFY T I@USGNSF FN BG B@YG)7. FBV (Fstgc` Bêjdtf Ûbtdj`)

5. IGUGISFUÊYSDIG

9. HUFIVFNSF

3. IVGYD]FUJGNFNSF

SGEBGY CF UFYVBSGC@Y B@YGB`s rfp`rtfs etfndc`s p`r fb pràrgjg fn FBV, pgrg b`s jçxdj`s j`jfnt`s hbfit`rfs p`sdtdv`s fn bg b`sg s`n;

SGEBF; Fbfjfnt H`rifs - Hrgjfs

Hrgjf @utputIgsf ] X5 X9 S J5 J9 HrgjfFbfj

Sfxt Sfxt ON ON ON ON-j ON-j ON-j Sfxt

5<

==7. I@JE.

FBV 7<9.86< 77.=<5

-

37.936 9.4419 -18.3<97 778.8953 5<-5

5<

==7. I@JE.

FBV 7<9.86< 88.874

-

37.936 9.4419 -18.3<97 778.8953 5<-5

5<

==7. I@JE.

FBV 7<9.86< 1=.618

-

37.936 9.4419 -1=.5<79 7=8.935< 5<-5

5<

==7. I@JE.

FBV 7<9.86< 1=.618

-

37.936 9.4419 -1=.5<79 7=8.935< 5<-9

75

==7. I@JE.

FBV 968.435 7<.<<8 -4.679 7.79<8 -75.5<75 7=7.3=37 75-5






B`s rfp`rtfs etfndc`s p`r fb pràrgjg, pgrg b`s jçxdj`s j`jfnt`s hbfit`rfs nfagtdv`s fn bg b`sg s`n;




75

==7. I@JE.

FBV 43.8<7 74.413 -5<.8=<

-

=.6=37 6.16<9 -48.8935 75-8

79

==7. I@JE.

FBV

-

758.615

-

5=8.3=8 -93.166 =.1337 -65.3774 -<< .8477 79-7

5<

==7. I@JE.

FBV 89.5<5 51.8<9

-

775.749 =.3564 -93.3539 -<6.3<43 5<-8

5<

==7. I@JE.

FBV 59.5<8

-

754.6=9 -73.==7 7.<<51 -59.1983 -<3 .6713 5<-1

75

==7. I@JE.

FBV 43.8<7 74.8=< -5<.8=<

-

=.6=37 3.4366 -<=.<8=7 75-8

75

==7. I@JE.

FBV 43.8<7 74.8=< -5<.8=<

-

=.6=37 3.4366 -<=.<8=7 75-8

5<

==7. I@JE.

FBV 89.5<5 51.=83

-

775.749 =.3564 -91.=87< -84.9858 5<-8

B`s rfp`rtfs pgrg bg i`jedngidùn iugsdpfrjgnfntf pgrg bg i`jprègidùn cf hdsurgidùn s`n;

Jçxdj` j`jfnt` hbfit`r p`sdtdv`;


Hrgjf @utputIgsf ] X5 X9 S J5 J9 HrgjfFbfjSfxt Sfxt ON ON ON ON-j ON-j ON-j Sfxt

37

==3. I@JE.

IVGYD] -7.38

-

6.<71 =.64< 7.4=95 1.51<< 59.8693 37-53

37

==3. I@JE.

IVGYD] -7.38

-

6.<71 =.64< 7.4=95 1.51<< 59.8693 37-53

37

==3. I@JE.

IVGYD] -7.334 6.<71 -=.64<

-

7.4=95 1.5<59 59.8659 37-7

37

==3. I@JE.

IVGYD] -7.334 6.<71 -=.64<

-

7.4=95 1.5<59 59.8659 37-7

74

==3. I@JE.

IVGYD] 87.37<

-

7.5=3 73.538 3.5888 95.<456 57.118 74-53

74

==3. I@JE.

IVGYD] 87.37<

-

7.5=3 73.538 3.5888 95.<456 57.118 74-53

Jçxdj` j`jfnt` hbfit`r nfagtdv`;




79

==3. I@JE.

IVGYD]

-

7<.879 -79.=5 77.3=6

-

=.5768 71.=53 -7<.3357 79-79

79

==3. I@JE.

IVGYD]

-

7<.879 -79.=5 77.3=6

-

=.5768 71.=53 -7<.3357 79-79

79

==3. I@JE.

IVGYD]

-

7<.8=< 79.=74

-

77.3=1 =.5768 71.=586 -7<.3377 79-75

79

==3. I@JE.

IVGYD]

-

7<.8=< 79.=74

-

77.3=1 =.5768 71.=586 -7<.3377 79-75

Yf lg vfrdhdigc` fn fb j`cfb` quf i`rrfsp`ncfn g b`s hrgjfs sèrf b`s quf sf sdtûgn b`s trfnfs cf igrag pfsgc`s, fn fb gp`y` yfn fb ifntr` cfb vgn`.






J@CFB@ 5G i`ntdnugidùn j`strgj`s fb j`cfb` rfgbdzgc` i`n YG]5=== pgrg fb içbiub` cfb cdntfb y cf bgs pdbgs

CDGAUGJG (J@JFNS@Y HBFIS@UFY T I@USGNSF FN FB CDNSFB)7. FBV (Fstgc` Bêjdtf Ûbtdj`)

5. IGUGISFUÊYSDIG

9. HUFIVFNSF

3. IVGYD]FUJGNFNSF

HGBSGN ]@YDSDX@Y CDNSFB, YGIGB@Y SV ]@UWVF FYFB JDYJ@ H@UJGS@ CF I@B@U CF BGY IGEFIFUGY TSGB






CDGAUGJG (J@JFNS@Y HBFIS@UFY, I@USGNSF T G\DB FN BG ]DBG)7. FBV (Fstgc` Bêjdtf Ûbtdj`)






9. JGSFUDGBFY

9.7. L@UJDAÙN LG-56/E/5=/DDE











9.5. GIFU@ E 6== Y






9.9. GIFU@ T 7<8= I











3. GUJGC@ SGEBFU@]grg cdjfnsd`ngr fb prftfnsgc` cdsp`nfj`s cf bgs sdaudfntfs sfiid`nfs vdag.

YFIIDÙN XDAG YDJ]BF

YFIIDÙN XDAG + B@YG

(Yf lg tfndc` fn iufntg pgrg bg sfiidùn fhdigz cf bg b`sg sèrf bg vdag ung prfvdg l`jàfndzgidùn cf bg jdsjg g l`rjdaùn LG-3=, rfcuidfnc` p`r tgnt` sus cdjfnsd`nfs `rdadngbfs cf 5.<6 g 5.6=j i`j` sf jufstrg fn bg hdaurg, gcfjçs sf lgn tfndc` fniufntg g bg l`rg cf dntr`cuidr b`s cgt`s gb j`cfb` fn YG]5===, b`s j`cdhdigc`rfs nfifsgrd`s cf çrfg y rdadcfz g t`rsdùn)

Bgs igrgitfrêstdigs cf b`s i`rc`nfs s`n; ù : 78? ù : 76=? : 71== ⁃ .

Sgjedän, sd fs nfifsgrd`, sf cdsp`ncrç cf grjgcurg pgsdvg E 6== Y.

Ufiuerdjdfnt`s; : + ∈ Ufiuerdjdfnt` jêndj`;

: 9= ( 3=, , û 7== ÷, )

Jgrafn cf rfiuerdjdfnt`;∈ : = ( ù)

: + ∈ : 9= + = : 9= ↕ : 9=

]UFCDJFNYD@NGJDFNS@@etfnfj`s cf jgnfrg gpr`xdjgcg bg hufrzg cf prftfnsgc` quf cfefrçn s`p`rtgr b`s i`rc`nfs.

:

Ydfnc`; J so J`jfnt` fn fb ifntr` cf vgn` cf bg i`jedngidùn igrgitfrêstdig z : =,<±l Ergz` jfiçndi` cf bg sfiidùn

:9.7=9,71=,<± 7,=6

: 9648.58

Fstg hufrzg sfrç s`p`rtgcg p`r t`c` fb çrfg cf prftfnsgc`. ]grg etfnfr fb çrfg t`tgb cfb prftfnsgc` nfifsdtgj`s sgefr fb bêjdtffbçstdi` cf b`s i`rc`nfs. :

Ydfnc`; h pc : h po /ιs Sfnsdùn cf içbiub` cfb bêjdtf fbçstdi` h pc Sfnsdùn igrgitfrêstdig cfb bêjdtf fbçstdi`ιs I`fhdidfntf cf jdn`rgidùn cf bg rfsdstfnidg cfb gifr`

:9.648,58

7.1==± 7=∕97,76

: 5.395,18 ]grtdfnc` cf quf igcg i`rcùn tdfnf un çrfg cf 76= etfnfj`s fb nûjfr` cf i`rc`nfs nfifsgrd`s g prd`rd.

: ù :

5.395,18

76=: 78,55 ↕ 78

I`j` tgjedän p`cfj`s cdsp`nfr cf grjgcurg pgsdvg p`crfj`s utdbdzgr jfn`s i`rc`nfs, pgrg cfkgr i`j` ûbtdj` rfiurs` bgfntuegidùn.

3= J]g

=,8= j

=,< j

3= J]g

:5,6= j

7,=6 j

=.56 j

ℎ : =,<

: =,9355

: =,513= : =,=3=93

ℎ : 7,=6

: =,1319

: =,<447

: =,=<<73

h ic

Sc






Fstg grjgcurg p`crç gkustgrsf p`stfrd`rjfntf fn bg i`jprègidùn cf tfnsd`nfs y gb içbiub` fn FBV. N`s fni`ntrgj`s fn prftfnsgc`, t`jgj`s cf bg n`rjg FLF-=< bg sfpgrgidùn fntrf grjgcurgs, tgnt` fn l`rdz`ntgb i`j` fnvfrtdigb, gc`ptgj`s 7,56±C : 7,56±5= : 56 jj, tfndfnc` fn iufntg tgjedän bg grjgcurg cf i`rtgntf78jj. I`j` jêndj` bgsfpgrgidùn cfefrç sfr cf 56 jj, pgrg hgidbdtgr bg i`nstruiidùn cf bg pdfzg cdsp`ncrfj`s hdngbjfntf b`s i`rc`nfs g 9= jj cfsfpgrgidùn. Fn vfrtdigb sf i`bìgrçn g 6= jj.

8 == : 5 ± ( 9= + 78 ) + 7 8 ± + ( 7) ± 9= ↕ :8== 45+ 9=

78+ 9=: 77,1 ↕ 77

Bg grjgcurg pgsdvg E 6== Y, 5= sf i`bìgrç fn bg z`ng dnhfrd`r cf bg sfiidùn. ]`r b` quf bg tfncrfj`s fn iufntg pgrg pgrg b`sifntr`s cf argvfcgc cf bgs grjgcurgs. Fb ifntr` cf argvfcgc cf bg grjgcurg gitdvg sfrç;

, : 7, ±7, + , ±, :

7==±77+ 76=±6

78: 776,89 : =,7768

I@J]U@EGIDÙN FN [email protected]`s b`s sdaudfntfs fshufrz`s cfedc`s p`r fb pfs` pr`pd` y fb prftfnsgc`.

]fs` ]r`pd`; (Xdag edgp`ygcg) : ±

<: ± ±

<:

56± =,513= ±78,<

<: 537,8< ± ↕ : 537.8< ±

: 56 9⁃ ]fs` fspfiêhdi` cfb l`rjdaùn. : =,513= Çrfg trgnsvfrsgb vdag prfhgerdigcg. : 78,< B`nadtuc t`tgb cf bg vdag.

Hufrzg cf prftfnsgc`; (Xdag edgp`ygcg)

Ydtugid`nfs pfrjgnfntfs ↕ : jdn=,16 ± ,,?=,4=± Sfnsdùn sèrf bgs grjgcurgs ,, : 7.<8= ⁃ Igrag undtgrdg jçxdjg igrgitfrêstdig : 7.1== ⁃ Bêjdtf fbçstdi` igrgitfrêstdi`

=,16 ± 7.<8= : 7.946 ⁃

=,4= ± 7.1== : 7.69= ⁃ ↕ : 7.946 ⁃ ↕ ù : ± ± ù : 7.946 ±78 ±76= : 9.93<.=== : 9.93<,== ↕ : ± : ± , , : 9.93<,==± (=,9355 =,7768) : 16<,88 ±

Bg hufrzg cfb prftfnsgc` hdngb fs jfn`r g bg hufrzg cfb tfsgc` dndidgb cfedc` g quf sf pr`cuifn pärcdcgs cf bg hufrzg. Fn nufstr`fkfridid` 7=% cf pärcdcg dndidgb cfb prftfnsgc` y 5=% cf pärcdcgs cdhfrdcgs (i`j` sf lg rfgbdzgc` fn ibgsf).

]`r b` quf nufstrg hufrzg cf prftfnsgc` y su j`jfnt` fn vgiê` (dnstgntf ifr`) sfrçn7 : =,4=± : =,4= ± 9.93<,== : 9.=79,5 7 : =,4=± : =,4=± 16<.88: 8<5,< ± ↕ 7 : 9.=79,5 7 : 8<5,< ±

Sfnsd`nfs cf trgiidùn y i`jprfsdùn jçxdjgs gcjdsdebfs;Cdgargjg tfnsdùn ’ cfh`rjgidùn cfb l`rjdaùn.

Bg i`jprfsdùn jçxdjg sf bdjdtg gb 8=% ↕ , : =,8=±

Bg trgiidùn jçxdjg sfrç ↕

,

:

,

I`jprfsdùn;, : =,8=± : =,8=± 3=: 53 ⁃ ↕ , : 53 ⁃

Srgiidùn; , : jgx 7,8 ℎ7===

± ? ; : =,9=± 9⁃

7,8 7===7=== ±=,9=± 3= 9⁃ : 5,7=8 ⁃

=,9=± 3= 9⁃ : 9,6=4 ⁃ ↕ , : 9,6=4 ⁃

q pp J p J p

N p

N p

,,

?




Ydt dù c ê ] d + H c t c I@J]U@EGIDÙN CF SFNYD@NFY FN FB G]@T@



Ydtugidùn cf vgiê` : ]fs` pr`pd` + Hufrzg cf prftfnsgc`Cdgargjgs cf tfnsd`nfs fn fb ifntr` cfb vgn`;

Irdtfrd` cf sdan`s; I`jprfsd`nfs p`sdtdvgs y Srgiid`nfs nfagtdvgs

Sfnsdùn p`r fb pfs` pr`pd`;

, : ± :

± ℎ :537,8<± (=,< =,9355)

=,=3=9: 5.136,33 ⁃ ↕ 5,136 ⁃

,

:

±

:

±

:

537,8<± =,9355

=,=3=9: 5.=65,7<

⁃ ↕5,=65

⁃

Sfnsdùn p`r fb prftfnsgc`;, : 7 :

9.=79,5

=.513=: 7=.441,=< ⁃ ↕ 7=,441 ⁃

, : 7 :

9.=79,5

=,513=: 7=.441,=< ⁃ ↕ 7=,441 ⁃

, : 7 ± :

7 ± ℎ :8<5,<± (=,< =,9355)

=,=3=9: 1.168,31 ⁃ ↕ 1,168 ⁃

, : 7 ± :

7 ± :8<5,<± =,9355

=,=3=9: 6.141,<1 ⁃ ↕ 6,14< ⁃

I@J]U@EGIDÙN CF SFNYD@NFY FN FB IFNSU@ CFB XGN@Sfnsdùn fn bg hderg supfrd`r;

:

,

+

,

,

: 5,136 + 7=,441

1,168 : 6,4<8

⁃>

9,6=4

⁃ ↕

Sfnsdùn fn bg hderg dnhfrd`r; : , + , + , : 5,=65+ 7=,441+ 6,14< : 73,139 ⁃ 2 53 ⁃ ↕

I`j` n` sf supfrgn bgs tfnsd`nfs jçxdjgs gcjdsdebfs, n` fs nfifsgrd` cdsp`nfr cf prftfnsgc` supfrd`r.

I@J]U@EGIDÙN CF SFNYD@NFY FN FB G]@T@Fn fb gp`y` fb j`jfnt` cfedc` gb pfs` pr`pd` fs ifr` p`r b` quf s`b` tfnfj`s bg hufrzg cf prftfnsgc` y fb j`jfnt` quf fstgafnfrg.Sfnsdùn fn bg hderg supfrd`r; : , + , , : 7=,441 1,168 : 9,537 ⁃ > 9,6=4 ⁃ ↕

Sfnsdùn fn bg hderg dnhfrd`r; : , + , + , : 7=,441+ 6,14< : 78,146 ⁃ 2 53 ⁃ ↕

I`j` n` sf supfrgn bgs tfnsd`nfs jçxdjgs gcjdsdebfs, n` fs nfifsgrd` fntuegr fb prftfnsgc` dnhfrd`r.

I@J]U@EGID@N CF F YSGC@ BÊJDSF CF GA@SGJDFNS@ HUFNSF G Y@BDIDSGID@NFY N@UJGBFYJ`jfnt` s`bdidtgntf y gxdb s`bdidtgntf cf bgs giid`nfs fxtfrd`rfs fn fb ifntr` cf vgn`.Cf bgs i`jedngid`nfs cf giid`nfs rfgbdzgcgs fn FBV sf etdfnf b`s sdaudfntfs vgb`rfs cfb pràrgjg YG]5===.:3.7<4,14 ± : 69

J`jfnt` rfsdstfntf.Yf rfprfsfntgn bgs hufrzgs quf gitûgn fn bg sfiidùn cfb ifntr` c f vgn`.

]grg sgefr iuçntg grjgcurg pgsdvg nfifsdtgj`s cfefj`s i`jprègr fb j`jfnt` ûbtdj`, sd fstg sfiidùn n` rfsdstf sf cdsp`ncrçcf bg iugntêg jêndjg cf grjgcurg pgsdvg bg nfifsgrdg.

Cfefj`s i`jprègr quf fb eb`quf cf i`jprfsd`nfs sf fniufntrg i`jprfncdc` fn bg b`sg. : , :

56

7,6: 78,81 ⁃ : 78.881 /

]`r `tr` bgc` g bg hufrzg cfb prftfnsgc` sf bf gpbdigrçn bgs pärcdcgs t`tgbfs (5=%), gunquf fstg hufrzg n` gitûg sd supfrgj`s fb

bêjdtf fbçstdi` cf b`s i`rc`nfs.

Bg hufrzg quf rfsdstfn bgs grjgcurgs gitdvgs sfrç; : ± ù ± : 7 8 ± 7 6 = ±

71==

7.76: 9.631.<58,=4 : 9.631,<5

ic

H

S

J c N c

: ±

: ±

ICA

ℎ

7

: 7 :

7 ±

: 7 ± :

7

pfs` pr`pd` prftfnsgc`




]`r b` quf bgs fiugid`nfs cf fqudbderd` fn un prdjfr j`jfnt` sfrçn; ]`r b` quf supfrgj`s tgnt` bg igrag jçxdjg igrgitfrêstdig y fb bêjdtf fbçstdi` ↕ r`turg cûitdb fb gifr` lg r`t` gntfs quf fb



]`r b` quf bgs fiugid`nfs cf fqudbderd` fn un prdjfr j`jfnt` sfrçn;Yujg cf hufrzgs l`rdz`ntgbfs;=,<± ± ± : ↕ =.<± ± 78.881± 5,6 9.631,<5 : 69 ↕ : =,7=6

I`jprègj`s quf fb eb`quf cf i`jprfsd`nfs cf l`rjdaùn sf fniufntrg fn bg b`sg cf i`jprfsdùn, fs cfidr, quf sf iujpbf quf=,< ± x 2 f;=,<± : =,<± =,7=6 : =,=<3 ↕ =,56 .

J`jfnt`s rfspfit` cf bg hderg supfrd`r.=,< ± ± ± ±=,<±

5+ ± ℎ , : ± ℎ ,

=,< ± ± ± ±=,<± =,7=6

5 + 9.631,<5± (7,=6 =,7768 ) : + 6 9 ± (7,=6 =,319) : 9.765,=9 ± 2 : 3.7<4,14 ±

N` gbignzgj`s fb j`jfnt` cf içbiub`, nfifsdtgrfj`s jçs grjgcurg, pfr` prdjfr` i`jprègrfj`s fn quf c`jdnd` cfcfh`rjgidùn n`s fni`ntrgj`s.

: ℎ , : 7,=6 =,7768: =,4933 : =.7=6 :=,7=6

=,4933: =,775 ↕ 5

Fb l`rjdaùn n` gbignzg bg cfh`rjgidùn p`r r`turg g hbfxdùn jdfntrgs quf fb gifr` lg pbgstdhdigc`.

]`r b` quf cdsp`ncrfj`s cf grjgcurg pgsdvg yg quf fstg n` dntfrhdfrf fn vgiê`. I`jprègj`s g quf tfnsdùn fstç trgegkgnc` bggrjgcurg gitdvg. :

( ,) :3.7<4,14

(=,4933 =,7=6 =,7768): 6.<84,84

Fstg hufrzg fs bg quf gitûg fn b`s 78 i`rc`nfs↕78*76= :5.3== Sfnsdùn trgnsjdtdcg g b`s i`rc`nfs (tfnsdùn cf içbiub`)

: 78 :6<84.84 ± 7=9

53==: 5.336,1 / > ,ç, : 7.<8= ⁃ : 7.1== ⁃

]`r b` quf supfrgj`s tgnt` bg igrag jçxdjg igrgitfrêstdig y fb bêjdtf fbçstdi` ↕ r`turg cûitdb, fb gifr` lg r`t` gntfs quf fb l`rjdaùn.

Gl`rg i`jprègrfj`s iugntg grjgcurg pgsdvg nfifsdtgj`s, prdjfr` cdsp`ncrfj`s p`r iugntêg af`jätrdig.

:

5,<

7.===±

:

5,<

7.===±=,1319± 7=3 : 5=,45

Cdsp`nfj`s cf ü5=↕ 7ü : 9,735 ↕ ü : 8,88 ↕ 1ü5=

]`r b` quf bg hufrzg quf rfsdstfn bgs grjgcurgs pgsdvgs cdsp`ndfnc` s`b` cf iugntêg af`jätrdig jêndjg sfrç; : ± : 5.=45±6==

7,76: 4=4.686,55 : 4=4,61




X`bvfj`s g rfigbiubgr bgs tfnsd`nfs fn bg sfiidùn dnibuyfnc` bg grjgcurg pgsdvg



X`bvfj`s g rfigbiubgr bgs tfnsd`nfs fn bg sfiidùn dnibuyfnc` bg grjgcurg pgsdvg.Yujg cf hufrzgs l`rdz`ntgbfs=,<± ± ± : ↕ =,< ± ± 78.881± 5,6 9.631,<5 4=4,61: 69 ↕ : =,795

X`bvfj`s g i`jprègr fb eb`quf cf i`jprfsd`nfs ↕=,< ± x 2 f =,<± : =,<± =,795 : =,7=8 ↕ =,56 .

J`jfnt`s rfspfit` g bg hderg supfrd`r.=,< ± ± ± ±=,<±

5+ ± ℎ ,+ ± (ℎ ,) : ± ℎ ,

(=,<± =,795 ±78.881± 5,6) ±

=,<± =,795

5+ 9.631,<5± (7,=6

=,7768 ) + 4=4,61± (7,=6

=,=6) :

: + 6 9 ± (7,=6 =,1319) : 9.418,5< ± 2 : 3.7<4,14 ±

Nfifsdtgj`s jçs grjgcurg, gujfntgj`s c`s ü5= ↕ 4ü5= ↕ : 4± 973 : 5.<58 : ± : 5.<58 ±6==

7,76: 7.55<.846,86 : 7.55<,84

Yujg cf hufrzgs l`rdz`ntgbfs=,<± ± ± : ↕ =.< ± ± 78.881± 5,6 9.631,<5 7.55<,84 : 69 ↕ : =,737

=,<± : =,<± =,737 : =,77 ↕ =,56 .

J`jfnt`s rfspfit` g bg hderg supfrd`r.=,< ± ± ± ±=,<±

5+ ± ℎ ,+ ± (ℎ ,) : ± ℎ ,

(=,<± =,737 ±78.881± 5,6) ±=,<± =,737

5 + 9.631,<5± (7,=6 =,7768 ) + 7.55<,84± (7,=6 =,=6) : : + 6 9 ± (7,=6 =,1319) : 3.585,81 ± 2 : 3.7<4,14 ± ↕

Gl`rg i`jprègj`s fn quf c`jdnd` n`s fni`ntrgj`s. Fb ignt` ûtdb gl`rg sfrç;

: ℎ ,+ ,+ :

7, ±7, ± 7ü + , ±, ± ù + 9, ±9, ± ù7, ± 7ü + , ± ù

,+ :4 ± 9 7 3 ± 6 = + 7 7 ± 7 6 = ± 7 = = + 6 ± 7 6 = ± 7 6 =

<±973+ 78±76=: <=,73 : =,=<=

: 7,=6 =,=<= : =,41=

: =,737 :=,737

=,41=: =,736 ↕ 5

Yfaudj`s fn c`jdnd` 5 p`r b` quf fb l`rjdaùn gûn n` lg gbignzgc` fb 9,6‽ cf cfh`rjgidùn y fb gifr` lg supfrgc` fb 7=‽ cfcfh`rjgidùn. Egk` fstgs i`ncdid`nfs gntf un p`sdebf i`bgps` cf bg fstruiturg, fstg gvdsgrêg jfcdgntf ung r`turg cûitdb fn bg quffb gifr` r`jpfrêg gntfs quf fb l`rjdaùn, c`tgnc` jgy`r sfaurdcgc.

]`r b` quf hdngbjfntf sf cdsp`ncrçn 78 i`rc`nfs cfb ü78 tdp` T 7<8= Y1 y 4ü5= .

I@J]U@EGIDÙN CFB FYSGC@ BÊJDSF CF GA@SGJDFNS@ HUFNSF G I@USGNSFI`rtgntf fhfitdv` s`bdidtgntf cf bgs giid`nfs.Cf bgs i`jedngid`nfs cf giid`nfs rfgbdzgcgs i`n fb pràrgjg YG]5=== lfj`s etfndc` b`s fshufrz`s i`rtgntfs gb e`rcf y g unignt` ûtdb cfb gp`y` jçs s`bdidtgc`. I`nìdfnc` fb gnil` cfb cdntfb (e:7.6 j) etfnfj`s b`s sdaudfntfs fshufrz`s.

: 188,<3 ( , =,7 ) : 81<,19 ( û , =,7+ =,41 )




I`jprègidùn cfb i`rtgntf p`r i`jprfsdùn ebdiug cfb gbjg. ü ± ↕ ℎù



p p p]rdjfr` vfj`s sd bg sfiidùn fs igpgz cf s`p`rtgs fb fshufrz` i`rtgntf jfcdgntf bg sdaudfntf fxprfsdùn.7 : ± 7 ± ± ±

i`t +i`t 7+ i`t

Ydfnc` o i`fhdidfntf quf cfpfncf cfb gxdb (i`jprfsd`nfs p`sdtdvgs, trgiid`nfs nfagtdvgs). : 7 + ³ 7 = 2 ³ 2 =.56± 7

‵: · +

:9.93<± =,< 7=8

=,<447± 7=∕9 : 5.<87

/

=,56 ±

7: =,56±

3=

7,6± 7=9 : 8.888,81

/

: 7 + ³ 7 : 7 +5<87

8888.81: 7.39

7 : = ,8 ± : = , 8 ±3=

7,6± 7=9 : 78.=== /

: =,75 ℎ : =,41=

i`t + i`t 7+ i`t : =,6 ↕ : 36½ : 4=½

7 : 7,39± 78.===± =,75± =,41= ±=,6 : 7.997,85

7 : 7.997,85 > : 188,<3 ( ) ↕ Fstf vgb`r fs bg rfsdstfnidg g i`jprfsdùn hrfntf gb fshufrz` i`rtgntf. Gcfjçs;7

6: 588,95 2 : 188,<3 2

5 ± 79

: <<1,16

I`jprègidùn cfb i`rtgntf p`r trgiidùn cfb gbjg.]rdjfr` rfgbdzgj`s bg i`jprègidùn sup`ndfnc` quf n` nfifsdtgj`s grjgcurg g i`rtgntf, p`r `tr` bgc` tgjedän sup`nfj`squf bg sfiidùn n` hdsurg cfedc` g bg i`jprfsdùn cfb prftfnsgc` (33.5.9.5.7.7 FLF-=<).7 :

± ± + ± ³ ±

: =,75=? : =,77749? : =,=<<73 Bg rfsdstfnidg cf içbiub` g trgiidùn cfb l`rjdaùn cfpfncf cf bg rfsdstfnidg igrgitfrêstdig g trgiidùn cfb l`rjdaùn y cf bgrfsdstfnidg jfcdg g trgiidùn cf bg jdsjg.

:

:

=,1±

:

=,1 ±=,9±

9

2 6=

:=,1±=,9±3=

97,76

± 7=9 : 7.891,36

: 7,5 ± ↕ . : : =,41=

: 57 ↕ ℎù.

: :

9.93<± =,< ±7=978±76=

: 7.778 ↕ ù ä . :

76± 7.778

57: 141.73

:41=

7,5± 141,73: 7.=73 ≣ 7 ↕ : 7

‵ :

+

:9.93<± =.<

=,<447: 5.41<,4<

/

: 5,41<4

/

7 :=,=<<7± =,75

=,7774± 7.891,36 + 7 ± 5.41<,4<± 7.891,36 : 564,16

; 7 : 564,16 2 : 884,89 ( û )

I`jprègidùn fn pdfzgs i`n grjgcurg cf i`rtgntf. : + (33.5.9.5.5 FLF =<) ↕ ù ℎù

: _=,76 ± ±(7==± ± )

79 +=.76± Z ± ± ±

: 7 + 5==

: 7 + 5==

41=: 7.36

≣5

↕

Cdsp`nfj`s cf 78 i`rc`nfs cf 76= igcg un` y 4ü5=, gje`s i`j` grjgcurg b`nadtucdngb. : + ± ≣ =.=5 ↕ :

4 ± 9 7 3 + 7 8 ± 7 6 =

75= ±41=: =,=336 ↕ : =,=5

: ≣ 8= ↕ : : 3=

‵ : · + :

9.93<± =,< 7=8

=,<447± 7=∕9 : 5,<87/

: _=,76

7,6±7,36± (7==± =,=5± 3=)

79 + =,76± 5,<87Z± 7± 75=± 41=± 7=∕9 : 755,8<

]`r b` quf bg i`ntrdeuidùn cfb gifr` cfefrç sfr bg sdaudfntf. : : 81<.19 755.8<: 668.=6

:

: 668.=6

(

û

)

: = . 4 ± ± , ± ± ü ↕ :

=.4±41=±3==±5± ± 753

668.=6=: 735,=6 ↕ 73

]`r b` quf bg cdsp`sdidùn cf b`s ifri`s sfrç ↕ iü75/73 ij↕1iü75/j Bdjdtgid`nfs g iujpbdr. 7

6: 588,95 2 : 188,<3 2

5 ± 79

: <<1,16 ↕




≣ =,8± : =.8± 41= : 6<5



: 737,9 ≣ 36= ↕ Fn fb gp`y` cfrfil` èvdgrfj`s bg i`jprègidùn rfbgtdvg g bg i`jprfsdùn cfb l`rjdaùn, p`r fstgr fn un igs` jgs hgv`rgebfquf fn fb gp`y` dzqudfrc`. Igbiubgj`s cdrfitgjfntf bg cdstrdeuidùn cf ifri`s. : 137,74 ( ,=,7 ) : 869,=1 ( û ,=,7 + =,41 )

Bg i`ntrdeuidùn cfb l`rjdaùn sfrç daugb quf fn fb tr` gp`y`, n` vgrêg bg sfiidùn. : 755,8< ( )

]`r b` quf bg i`ntrdeuidùn cfb gifr` cfefrç sfr bg sdaudfntf.

: : 869,=1 755,8<: 69=,94

: = , 4 ± ± , ± ± ü ↕ :

=.4±41=±3==±5± ± 75

369=,94 ± 7.===

: 73<,45 ↕ 73,<

I`bìgrfj`s 1iü75/j]grg fstucdgr bg cdstrdeuidùn cf ifri`s g b` bgra` cf bg pdfzg tfncrfj`s fn iufntg bg i`ntrdeuidùn cfb l`rjdaùn () y bgi`ntrdeuidùn jêndjg cf bg grjgcurg g i`rtgntf (,), bg sujg cf gjegs tfncrç quf sgtdshgifr bg bfy cf i`rtgntfs fn punt` g

ung cdstgnidg \ cfb gp`y`. Fn gje`s gp`y`s lfj`s igbiubgc` 1 iü75/j.

,jdn : =,75± , ± ± : =,75±=,9± 9 ± ± : =,75± =,9± 3=9 ± 75=± 41=: 34.=77,55 : 34,=7

, : =.4± ± , ± ± ü, ↕ , :

=,4±41=±3==±5± ± 8

334.=7=

: 3=5,47 ↕ 3=

]grg bg iugntêg jêndjg sf cdsp`ncrçn cf iü8/3= ij ↕ 9iü8/j , : , : 755,8<+ 34,=7 : 717,84

Cftfrjdngj`s bg sfiidùn fn bg quf fb i`rtgntf jgy`rgc` fs fxgitgjfntf + , utdbdzgnc` bg sdaudfntf p r`p`rid`ngbdcgc.116,49

<,637 :717,48 ↕ : 7,<45

<,637 7,<45 : 8,34 +5

( ) : 1,79 ç

<,564 7,<45 : 8,981 +5

( ) : 8,<65




6. GUJGC@ B@YG



6. GUJGC@ B@YG

6.7. ]U@]DFCGCFY CF BG YFIIDÙN




6.5. GUJGCVUG B@NADSVCDNGB



6.5.7. GUJGCVUG ]@YDSDX@Y






6.5.5. GUJGCVUG NFAGSDX@Y

6.9. GUJGC@ CF BG B@YG I@N YG]5===.

- Içbiub` cf bg grjgcurg trgnsvfrsgb cf bg b`sg cfb tgebfr`.

Yfaûn b`s rfp`rtfs cf hbfit`rfs etfndc`s i`n gntfrd`rdcgc, fb çrfg cf grjgc` nfifsgrd` fs;

Jçxdj` çrfg cf grjgc` pgrg bg igrg dnhfrd`r cfb tgebfr` fn sfntdc` trgnsvfrsgb cfb pufntf cfspuäs cf `rcfngr y hdbtrgr b`scgt`s;

SGEBF; I`nirftf Cfsdan 5 - Efgj Yujjgry Cgtg - GID 97<-77

Hrgjf CfsdanYfit HS`pGrfg HE`tGrfg XUfegr SBnaGrfg

Sfxt Sfxt j5 j5 j5/j j5

5< B@YG f:56 =.===534 =.==71<6 = =

5< B@YG f:56 =.===534 =.==71<6 = =

75 B@YG f:56 E@UCF =.===539 =.==7815 =.==7=<< =.===371

75 B@YG f:56 E@UCF =.===539 =.==7815 = =.===371

5< B@YG f:56 =.===534 =.==7876 = =




Wuf i`rrfsp`ncf g =.==71<6 j5/j : 71.<6 ij5/jWuf fqudvgbf g 8 rfc`nc`s cf cdçjftr` 5=jj p`r jftr`



Wuf fqudvgbf g 8 rfc`nc`s cf cdçjftr` 5=jj p`r jftr`.]`r i`jprègidùn cf hdsurgidùn iujpbdj`s i`n fb gnil` cf hdsurg, i`bìgj`s 8 rfc`nc`s cf cdçjftr` 5=jj p`r jftr`

Jçxdj` çrfg cf grjgc` pgrg bg igrg supfrd`r cfb tgebfr` fn fb sfntdc` trgnsvfrsgb cfb pufntf cfspuäs cf `rcfngr y hdbtrgr b`scgt`s;

SGEBF; I`nirftf Cfsdan 5 - Efgj Yujjgry Cgtg - GID 97<-77

Hrgjf CfsdanYfit HS`pGrfg HE`tGrfg XUfegr SBnaGrfg

Sfxt Sfxt j5 j5 j5/j j5

75 B@YG f:56 =.==7714 =.===539 =.==3768 =.===371

79 B@YG f:56 =.==7=54 =.===18 =.==7=49 =

75 B@YG f:56 =.==7=<3 =.===539 =.===1=9 =.===371

75 B@YG f:56 =.==7=<3 =.===539 =.==379< =.===371

5< B@YG f:56 =.==7=1< =.===534 =.==9=13 =

Wuf i`rrfsp`ncf g =.==7714 j5/j : 77.14 ij5/j Çrfg cf grjgc` nfifsgrdg quf cdsp`ncrfj`s fntrf bg grjgcurg egsf i`bìgcg fn t`c` fb tgebfr` jçs rfhufrz`s lgstg gbignzgr fbçrfg nfifsgrdg fn bg z`ng cf nfagtdv`s

Fstgebfifj`s ung grjgcurg egsf cf < rfc`nc`s cf cdçjftr` 75jj p`r jftr` bdnfgb pgrg bg igrg supfrd`r fn cdrfiidùntrgnsvfrsgb fn bg b`sg, b` quf sup`nf ung iugntêg cf 4.=6ij5/j

Ydfnc` nfifsgrd` ung grjgcurg cf rfhufrz` supfrd`r fn b`s gp`y`s cf 77 .14- 4.=6: 5.13 ij5/j.

Wuf i`rrfsp`ncf g 9 rfc`nc`s cf cdçjftr` 75jj p`r jftr` bdnfgb fn bg z`ng cf b`s gp`y`s i`j` rfhufrz`.

- Bg grjgcurg b`nadtucdngb cf bg b`sg, tgnt` supfrd`r i` j` dnhfrd`r sf lgrç sdaudfnc` bg n`rjgtdvg pgrg iuerdr iugntêgsjêndjgs y sfaûn bgs rfi`jfncgid`nfs esfrvgcgs fn tr`s pr`yfit`s y puebdigid`nfs, qufcgnc` ästg dncdigcg fn b`s

pbgn`s cfb pr`yfit`.

6.3. I@J]U@EGIDÙN HDYVUGIDÙN6.3.7. GUJGCVUG ]@YDSDX@Y














8.5. GUJGC@ [email protected]`jprègj`s quf fb grjgc` b`nadtucdngb cfb cdntfb cfhdndc` iujpbf i`n bg FLF-=< pgrg hbfxdùn sdjpbf

8.5.7. GUJGC@ ]@YDSDX@YFb j`jfnt` quf tfnfj`s fn fb fstrde` fs;

: <11

±




8.5.5. GUJGC@ NFAGSDX@Y1. Fb j`jfnt` quf tfnfj`s fn fb fstrde` fs;



<. : 5.4<< ±


SUGEGK@ CF IVUY@ (AUV]@ 9 ’ XDIS@U EVYSGJSF, AGEUDFB GUJFNSG, FNUDWVF BFTXG)SGBBFU CF ]U@TFIS@Y CF FYS UVISVUGY



8.9. GUJGC@ SUGNYXFUYGB : <11 ±

8.3. J@CFB@Y FBFJFNS@Y YLFBB YG]5===

I`j` i`jpbfjfnt` sf lg rfgbdzgc` un j`cfb` fn fbfjfnt`s hdndt`s cfb cdntfb, trgtgnc` cf rfpr`cuidr i`n jgy`r vfr`sdjdbdtucbg sdtugidùn rfgb cf trgegk` fn fb cdntfb.

Yf lgn t`jgc` bgs rfgiid`nfs fn b`s n`c`s cf gp`y` cf bgs vdags prftfnsgcgs cfb tgebfr` y sf lgn trgsbgcgc` gb j`cfb` fnfbfjfnt`s Ylfbb cfb cdntfb

@esfrvgj`s bg cdstrdeuidùn cf j`jfnt`s hbfit`rfs fn fb cdntfb fn su sfntdc` b`nadtucdngbBg cdstrdeuidùn cf j`jfnt`s hbfit`rfs fs i`rrfitg y i`dnidcf i`n fb j`cfb` fn fbfjfnt`s hrgjf, sdtuçnc`sf b`s j`jfnt`shbfit`rfs nfagtdv`s sèrf b`s gp`y`s y b`s j`jfnt`s p`sdtdv`s fn fb ifntr` cfb vgn` cfb cdntfb.



Xdstg 9C;



Xdstg fn pbgntg;

]`cfj`s esfrvgr bg cdstrdeuidùn cf tfnsd`nfs fn fb cdntfb, pgrg bg igrg supfrd`r sf pr`cuifn trgiid`nfs fnidjg cf b`s gp`y`sy i`jprfsd`nfs fn bg z`ng ifntrgb

T pgrg bg igrg dnhfrd`r;

SUGIIDÙN

SUGIIDÙN

I@J]UFYDÙN

SUGIIDÙN

I@J]UFYDÙN

I@J]UFYDÙN



Wufcgnc` gsê bgs tfnsd`nfs fn fb cdntfb cf bg sdaudfntf h`rjg, sfaûn su cfh`rjgcg;



8.6. I@J]U@EGIDÙN HDYVUGIDÙN

8.6.7. GUJGCVUG ]@YDSDX@Y








1. GUJGC@ ]DBG

1.9. ]@]DFCGCFY CF BG YFIIDÙN



1.9. ]@]DFCGCFY CF BG YFIIDÙN





1.3. GUJGCVUG B@NADSVCDNGBI`jprègj`s quf fb grjgc` b`nadtucdngb cf bg pdbg dnhfrd`r gntfrd`rjfntf cfhdndcg iujpbf i`n bg FLF-=< pgrg bg pf`rsdtugidùn. Jçxdj` j`jfnt` hbfit`r y jçxdj` gxdb.

B`s fshufrz`s quf tfnfj`s fn bg pdbg dnhfrd`r s`n;

: 9.<83

(

ù

)

: 496

±

: 14 ±



` iurvg. Yf cfn`jdngn pbgigs b`sgs g b`s fbfjfnt`s supfrhdidgbfs pbgn`s, cf sfiid`n bbfng gbdafrgcg, igragc`s n`rjgbjfntfg su pbgn` jfcd`.

33 5 7 Cfhdndidùn cf bg sfiidùn cf içbiub`



1.6. GUJGCVUG SUGNYXFUYGBCfhdndrfj`s bg grjgcurg trgsvfrsgb sfaûn dncdig bg dnstruiidùn FLF-=< pgrg fb jçxdj` fshufrz` i`rtgntf.

B`s fshufrz`s quf tfnfj`s fn bg pdbg dnhfrd`r s`n; : 49

Yfaudrfj`s b` cdspufst` fn fb Grtêiub` 33.» cf bg dnstruiidùn FLF-=<

Grtdiub` 33.»; Fstgc` Bêjdtf cf Ga`tgjdfnt` hrfntf g i`rtgntf33.7. I`nsdcfrgid`nfs Afnfrgbfs

]grg fb gngbdsds cf bg igpgidcgc rfsdstfntf cf bgs fstruiturgs cf l`rjda`n hrfntf g fshufrz`s i`rtgntfs, sf fstgebfif i`j`jät`c` afnfrgb cf igbiub` fb cf Edfbgs y Sdrgntfs (Grtdiub`s 53» y 3=»), quf cfefrç utdbdzgrsf fn t`c`s gqufbb`s fbfjfnt`sfstruiturgbfs ` pgrtfs cf b`s jdsj`s quf, prfsfntgnc` fstgc`s pbgn`s cf tfnsdùn ` gsdjdbgebfs g tgbfs, fstän s`jftdc`s g

s`bdidtgid`nfs tgnafntfs sfaûn un pbgn` i`nìdc` y n` i`rrfsp`ncgn g igs`s pgrtdiubgrfs trgtgc`s cf h`rjg fxpbêidtg fn fstgDnstruiidùn, tgbfs i`j` fbfjfnt`s bdnfgbfs, pbgigs , b`sgs y h`rkgc`s undcdrfiid`ngbfs gsdjdbgebfs (33.5).

33.5. Ufsdstfnidg g fshufrz` i`rtgntf cf fbfjfnt`s bdnfgbfs, pbgigs, b`sgs y h`rkgc`s undcdrfiid`ngbfs gsdjdbgebfs.Bgs prfsidpiid`nfs dnibudcgs fn b`s cdhfrfntfs suegpgrtgc`s s`n cf gpbdigidùn fxibusdvgjfntf g fbfjfnt`s bdnfgbfs

s`jftdc`s g fshufrz`s i`jedngc`s cf hbfxd`n, i`rtgntf y gxdb (i`jprfsdùn ` trgiidùn) y g pbgigs, b`sgs y h`rkgc`s trgegkgnc`huncgjfntgbjfntf fn ung cdrfiid`n.

G fhfit`s cf fstf grtêiub` sf i`nsdcfrgn fbfjfnt`s bdnfgbfs gqufbb`s iuyg cdstgnidg fntrf punt`s cf j`jfnt` nub` fs daugb` supfrd`r g c`s ififs su ignt` t`tgb y iuyg gnilurg fs daugb dnhfrd`r g idni` vfifs cdil` ignt`, pucdfnc` sfr su cdrfitrdz rfitg

33.5.7. Cfhdndidùn cf bg sfiidùn cf içbiub`]grg b`s igbiub`s i`rrfsp`ncdfntfs gb Fstgc` Bêjdtf cf Ga`tgjdfnt` p`r fshufrz` i`rtgntf, bgs sfiid`nfs sf i`nsdcfrgrçn

i`n sus cdjfnsd`nfs rfgbfs fn bg hgsf gngbdzgcg. Fxift` fn b`s igs`s fn quf sf dncdquf b` i`ntrgrd`, bg sfiid`n rfsdstfntf cfbl`rjda`n sf etdfnf g pgrtdr cf bgs cdjfnsd`nfs rfgbfs cf bg pdfzg, iujpbdfnc` b`s irdtfrd`s dncdigc`s fn 3=.9.6.

Yd fn bg sfiid`n i`nsdcfrgcg bg gnilurg cfb gbjg n` fs i`nstgntf, sf gc`ptgrç i`j` e = fb jfn`r gnil` quf prfsfntf bgsfiid`n fn ung gbturg daugb g b`s trfs iugrt`s cfb ignt` ûtdb i`ntgc`s g pgrtdr cf bg grjgcurg cf trgiidùn

:5±19,3+ 5±79<,=4+ 5±563,86+ 5±3==

<: 578,63

: <== 578,63: 6<9,38

: 871,14

33.5.5. Fshufrz` i`rtgntf fhfitdv`Bgs i`jprègid`nfs rfbgtdvgs gb Fstgc` Bêjdtf cf Ga`tgjdfnt` p`r fshufrz` i`rtgntf pufcfn bbfvgrsf g ige` g pgrtdr cfb

fshufrz` i`rtgntf fhfitdv` Xrc cgc` p`r bg sdaudfntf fxprfsdùn; : + +

C`ncf;X c Xgb`r cf içbiub` cfb fshufrz` i`rtgntf pr cuidc` p`r bgs giid nfs fxtfrd rfs.X pc Xgb`r cf içbiub` cf bg i`jp`nfntf cf bg hufrzg cf prftfnsgc` pgrgbfbg g bg sfiidùn cf fstucd`.



X ic Xgb`r cf içbiub` cf bg i`jp`nfntf pgrgbfbg g bg sfid`n cf bg rfsubtgntf cf tfnsd`nfs n`rjgbfs, tgnt` cf i`jprfsd`ni`j` cf trgiid`n fn bg grjgcurg pgsdvg, sèrf bgs hdergs b`nadtucdngbfs cf l`rjdaùn, fn pdfzgs cf sfiid`n vgrdgebf.

: + + : 4 9 + = + = : 4 9 - ]grg grjgcurgs pgsdvgs; h yc : ωsc - ]grg grjgcurgs gitdvgs; h yc : ω pc

η Gnaub` cf bgs grjgcurgs i`n fb fkf cf bg pdfzgμ Çnaub` fntrf bgs edfbgscf i`jprfsdùn cf l`rjdaùn y fb fkf cf bg pdfzg Yf gc`ptgrç un vgb`r quf iujpbg;



: + + : 4 9 + = + = : 4 9

33.5.9. I`jprègid`nfs quf lgy quf rfgbdzgrFb Fstgc` Bêjdtf cf Ga`tgjdfnt` p`r fshufrz` i`rtgntf sf pufcf gbignzgr, yg sfg p`r ga`tgrsf bg rfsdstfnidg g i`jprfsdùn

cfb gbjg, p`r ga`tgrsf su rfsdstfnidg g trgiidùn. Fn i`nsfiufnidg, fs nfifsgrd` i`jprègr quf sf iujpbf sdjubtgnfgjfntf; ≣ 7 ≣ C`ncf;

X rc Fshufrz` i`rtgntf fhfitdv` cf içbiub` cfhdndc` fn 33.5.5.X u7 Fshufrz` i`rtgntf cf ga`tgjdfnt` p`r i`jprfsd`n èbdiug fn fb gbjg.X u5 Fshufrz` i`rtgntf cf ga`tgjdfnt` p`r trgiid n fn fb gbjg.

Bg i`jprègid`n cfb ga`tgjdfnt` p`r i`jprfsd`n ebdiug fn fb gbjg X rc ≣ X u7 sf rfgbdzgrç fn fb e`rcf cfb gp`y` y n` fnsu fkf.

Fn pdfzgs sdn grjgcurg cf i`rtgntf n` rfsubtg nfifsgrdg bg i`jprègidçn cf ga`tgjdfnt` p`r i`jprfsdùn èbdiug fn fbgbjg.

Bg i`jprègidùn i`rrfsp`ncdfntf gb ga`tgjdfnt` p`r trgiid`n fn fb gbjg X rc ≣ Xu5 sf fhfitûg pgrg ung sfiid`n sdtugcg gung cdstgnidg cfb ignt` ûtdb cfb e`rcf cfb gp`y`, fxifpt` fn fb igs` cf pdfzgs sdn grjgcurgs cf i`rtgntf fn rfad`nfs n` hdsurgcgsg hbfxd`n, pgrg bgs quf sf sfaudrç b` dncdigc` fn 33.5.9.5.7.7.

33.5.9.7. @etfnidùn cf Xu7 Fb fshufrz` i`rtgntf cf ga`tgjdfnt` p`r i`jprfsdùn ebdiug cfb gbjg sf cfcuif cf bg sdaudfntf fxprfsdùn;

7:

±

7±

±

± +

7 +

C`ncf; h 7ic Ufsdstfnidg g i`jprfsdùn cfb l`rjdaùn

h 7ic : =,8= ± h ic pgrg h io ≣ 8= N/jj5 h 7ic : (=,4= ’ h io /5==) ± h ic ≦ =,6= ± h ic pgrg h io > 8= N/jj5

e= Gnilurg nftg jdndjg cfb fbfjfntÒ I`fhdidfntf quf cfpfncf cfb fshufrz` gxdb.

O : 7,== pgrg fstruiturgs sdn prftfnsgc` ` sdn fshufrz` gxdb cf i`jprfsdùn : 7 + pgrg = 2 ω—ic ≣ =,56 ± h ic : 7,56 pgrg =,56 ± h ic 2 ω—ic ≣ =,6= ± h ic : 5 , 6 ± 7 pgrg =,6= ± h ic 2 ω—ic ≣ 7,== ± h ic

c`ncf;

ω—ic Sfnsdùn gxdb fhfitdvg fn fb l`rjdaùn (i`jprfsdùn p`sdtdvg) quf, fn pdbgrfs, cfef igbiubgrsf tfndfnc` fniufntg bg i`jprfsdùn ges`redcg p`r bgs grjgcurgs i`jprdjdcgs.‵ : ±

N c Fshufrz` gxdb cf içbiub` (i`jprfsdùn p`sdtdvg) dnibuyfnc` fb prftfnsgc` i`n su vgb`r cf içbiub` Gi Çrfg t`tgb cf bg sfiidùn cf l`rjdaùn GY— Çrfg t`tgb cf bg grjgcurg i`jprdjdcg. Fn i`jprfsdùn i`jpufstg pufcf sup`nfrsf quf t`cg bg grjgcurg

fstg s`jftdcg g bg tfnsdùn h yc h yc Ufsdstfnidg cf içbiub` cf bg grjgcurg GY—

μ Çnaub` fntrf bgs edfbgs cf i`jprfsdùn cf l`rjdaùn y fb fkf cf bg pdfzg. Yf gc`ptgrç un vgb`r quf iujpbg;=,6 ≣ ≣ 5,=

7 : ± 7 ± ± ± +

7 +

]grgjftr` O : ± :

9.<83.=== 7.<<6± 393,1<

6=5.863,<9: 8,=8 ⁃ : 9.<83 : 9.<83.=== : 8 ± ±

5=3

: 7.<<6 :

6==

7,76: 393,1< ⁃

: ±<==

3: 6=5.863,<9

:56

7,6: 78,81 ⁃ ↕ =,56± 78,81 : 3,71 ⁃

=,6± 78,81 : <,93 ⁃

3,712 8,=82 <,93 ↕ : 7,56

]grçjftr h 7ic ≣ 8= ⁃ ↕ 7 : =,8=± 78,81 : 7= ⁃

Çnaub`s : 36½: 7,= : 4=½: =,= 7 : 7,56± 7=± 871,14± 6<9,38±7 + =

7 + 7 : 5.565.<34 : 7.569

Yf iujpbf p`r tgnt` bg prdjfrg i`jprègidùn ≣ 7 ↕ 49 ≣ 7.569

33.5.9.5. @etfnidùn cf Xu5 33.5.9.5.7. ]dfzgs sdn grjgcurg cf i`rtgntf33.5.9.5.5. ]dfzgs i`n grjgcurg cf i`rtgntf

Fb fshufrz` i`rtgntf cf ga`tgjdfnt` p`r trgiid`n fn fb gbjg vgbf; : +



C`ncf;X su I`ntrdeuid`n cf bg grjgcurg trgnsvfrsgb cf gbjg g bg rfsdstfnidg g fshufrz` i`rtgntf.

]grg igs` cf ifri`s g 4=» tfnfj`s bg sdaudfntf hùrjubg sdjpbdhdigcg

= <6 =,<± ℎ ]grçjftr χb

:< ± ±

5=3 + =

871,14± 6<9,38: =,==1 ≣ =,=5



, : =,<6± , ± ± ± , c`ncf;l Cdçjftr` sfiidùn idriubgrst Yfpgrgidùn fntrf ifri`s i`nsfiutdv`s, jfcdcg sèrf bg cdrfitrdznt Nûjfr` cf rgjgs gitdvgs cf igcg ifri` Gt Çrfg cf bg sfiidùn trgnsvfrsgb cf bg egrrg quf h`rjg fb ifri`

h yt,c Sfnsdùn cf trgiid`n cfb gifr` fjpbfgc`

X iu I`ntrdeuidùn cfb l`rjdaùn g bg rfsdstfnidg g fshufrz` i`rtgntf : =,76 ± ± (7== ± ± )7 9⁃ +=,76± ± ± ±

I`n un vgb`r jêndj` cf; : =,=16 ± 9 ⁃ ± 7 ⁃ +=,76± ± ±

c`ncf;

ξ : 7 + 2 5,=

c Ignt` ûtdb cf bg sfiid`n rfhfrdc` g bg grjgcurg b`nadtucdngb cf hbfxd`n sdfjprf quf ästg sfg igpgz cf rfsdstdrfb dnirfjfnt` cf trgiidùn pr`cuidc` p`r bg dntfrgiid`n i`rtgntf-hbfxdùn

χb Iugntdg af`jätrdig cf bg grjgcurg b`nadtucdngb prdnidpgb cf trgiidùn, pgsdvg y gitdvg gclfrfntf, gnibgcg g

ung cdstgnidg daugb jgy`r quf c g pgrtdr cf bg sfiidùn cf fstucd`. : + ± ≣ =,=5

h iv Ufsdstfnidg fhfitdvg cfb l`rjda`n g i`rtgntf fn N/jj5 cf vgb`r h iv : h io i`n h iv n` jgy`r quf 76 N/jj5 fnfb igs` cf i`ntr`b dncdrfit` cfb l`rjdaùn

h io Ufsdstfnidg g i`jprfsdùn cfb l`rjdaùn fn N/jj5. Yf gc`ptgrçn vgb`rfs cf h io cf lgstg 7== N/jj5 ω —ic Sfnsd`n gxdgb jfcdg fn fb gbjg cf bg sfiid`n‵ :

2 =,9=± ≠ 75 ( ⁃ )

N c Gxdb cf içbiub`, dnibuyfnc` bg hufrzg cf prftfnsgc` fxdstfntf fn bg sfiidùn fn fstucd` ε ε : 7 p`r sup`nfr edfbgs cf i`jprfsdùn g 36»e= Gnilurg nftg jdndjg cfb fbfjfnt`c Ignt` ûtdb cf bg sfiid`n

:

=,76

±

± (7== ±

±

)7 9⁃ +=,76±

±

±

±

]gçrjftr` ξ

: 7 + 5==

6<9,38 : 7,642 5,=

]grçjftr h iv : 56 ⁃

]grçjftr` ω —ic ‵ :9.<83.=== ±

<==3

: 1,81 ⁃

: =,767,6

±7,64± (7==± =,==1± 56)7 9⁃ +=,76± 1,81 ±7 ± 871,14± 6<9,38: 689.6=5 : 689,6

, : : 49 689,6 : 31=,6

Fb l`rjdaùn p`r sê s`b` gaugntg t`c` fb i`rtgntf, p`r b` quf cdsp`ncrfj`s ifri`s sfaûn iugntêg jêndjg y cf cdgjftr` 7= jj., : =,75± , ± ± : =,75 ± 5,61 ± 871,14± 6<9,38 : 777.786 : 777,5 , : =,9=± 9⁃ : =,9=±56 9⁃ : 5,61 ⁃

: = , 4 ± ± ± : ?3== : {393,<?3==} : 3== ⁃

: ±3 ± :

±7=

3 ± 5 :761,=<

777.786 : =,4=± 6<9,38± 3== ±761,=<

↕ : 541

: 9=

Nûjfr` cf ifri`s, tfndfnc` fn iufntg quf bg n`rjg n`s cdif quf bg cdstgnidg jçxdjg rfi`jfncgcg fntrf ifri`s fs cf 9= ij `76ϖjdn pgrg fvdtgr su pgncf` (Gtrêiub` 35.9.7).76 : 7 6 ± 5 = : 9 = = : 9=

7= M 9=



<. GUJGC@ IDJFNSGIDÙN ]DBG ([G]GSG)Bg zgpgtg tdfnf ungs cdjfnsd`nfs cf 3,5= x 3,5= j y un ignt` cf 7,== j. Bg pdbg cfb pufntf sf fniufntrg ifntrgcg sèrf bgzgpgtg y trgsjdtf bgs sdaudfntfs hufrzgs;

7,4= j

= < j



p y a :9.<86 : 6< : 6<= ±

, :9.<86 , : 6< : 6<= 6 < ± 7 : 6 5 5 ±

: ,, : 6559.<86

: =,73 2 3,5=8

: =,1 ↕

: ·

8 ±9 :9.<86

3,5= ·8±655

3,5=9 : 55=· 39ç, : 589 ⁃, : 55= ⁃

, : 711

⁃

Fb j`cfb` cf edfbgs fs fb cf bg gntfrd`r hdaurg. Bg grjgcurg g cdsp`nfr cfef sfr bg nfifsgrdg pgrg s`p`rtgr bg trgiidùn cfbtdrgntf S c ;

]grg igbiubgr U7c y x7 cfefj`s i`nìfr bg tfnsdùn ω 9c ;ç, , : 589 711 : <8 ⁃ 9 : 7 1 1 + < 8 ±3,5= 7,4

3,5=: 553 ⁃

7 :553 +589

5±7,4=± 3,5=: 7.436

7 :7,4=

9±

553+ 5±589

553 +589: =,4<

Bg cdstgnidg cf bgs grjgcurgs gb h`nc` cf bgs zgpgtgs, tfndfnc` fn iufntg b`s 7= ij cf l`rjdaùn cf bdjpdfzg y un

rfiuerdjdfnt` n` jfn`r g 6 ij, fs;,7 : 6 +7,8

5: 6,<

, : 6 + 7 , 8 +7,8

5: 1,3 ↕ :

6,< +1,3

5: 8,8

: 7== 8,8 : 49,3 : =,493

]`r b` tgnt` sustdtuyfnc` fn bg gntfrd`r hùrjubg etfnfj`s; :7.436

=,<6 ± =,493±=,4< : ± 3= ↕ : 8= ↕ 8=

5,=7: 54,<6 ↕ 9= 78 (8=,95 )

Xfrdhdigj`s sd fs suhdidfntf bbfvgrbg lgstg fb fxtrfj` cf bg zgpgtg sd fs nfifsgrd` c`tgrbg cf pgtdbbg.

Gcjdtdfnc` quf bgs i`ncdid`nfs cf gclfrfnidg sf agrgntdifn p`r fb Efgj Sfst, y tfndfnc` fn iufntg quf bg grjgcurg g gnibgrfs l`rdz`ntgb y fstç fn fb h`nc` cf bg zgpgtg, fstgrç fn p`sdidùn D, p`r b` quf;

, : ç ± : 7,6± 78 : 9<3 5=

± :6==

5=±78 : 3== ↕ , : 3=

Fn pr`b`nagidùn rfitg y tfndfnc` fn iufntg bg sèrfgeuncgnidg cf grjgcurg, bg b`nadtuc nftg g cdsp`nfr sfrç;, : 3 = ±8=

8=,95: 94,14

9.<86 oN

6<= oN ± j

6< oN

7 j

3,5= j

9.<86 oN

6< oN

655 oN ± j

9.<86 oN

f= : =,73 j

=,1 =,1

3,5= j

f= : =,73 j

9.<86 oN

, : 711 ⁃ , : 55= ⁃ ç, : 589 ⁃

: 7=,<6 ± ± 7 : ±

≣3==

⁃

=,< j



Bg cdstgnidg fxdstfntf cfscf fb nuc` lgstg fb fxtrfj` cf bg zgpgtg fs;7,4= =,4< : =,45 > 94,14 ↕

Fn fb nuc` cfb tr` fxtrfj` cfb tdrgntf, bg cdstgnidg lgstg fb e`rcf cf bg zgpgtg sfrç;



:(3,5= 7,4=)

9±

711+ 5±55=

711 +55=: 7,74 : 774 2 94,14 ↕ ù

Bg grjgcurg cf bg zgpgtg sfrç ung rftêiubg i`n 9=78 jj fn igcg cdrfiidùn, fxtfncdcgs cf bgc` g bgc` cf bg egsf.

J`strgj`s g i`ntdnugidùn ung hdaurg/fsqufjg cfb grjgc` rfsubtgntf.

3,5= j

7,== j

#9=78 jj



4. GUJGC@ FYSUDE@

4.9. J@CFB@ FN YG]5===

Xgj`s g i`nsdcfrgr p`r b` tgnt`, i`j` sdtugidùn jçs c fshgv`rgebf p`sdebf, quf n` fxdstg rfbbfn` cf tdfrrgs fn bg igrg cfb fstrde`quf cg gb pufntf cf igrrftfrg. ]`r b` quf fb fstrde` rfidef bgs igrags vfrtdigbfs puntugbfs cf bgs vdags quf gp`ygn sèrf äb y bgigrag cf tdfrrgs sùb` fn un bgc`.



Yf lg j`cfbdzgc` fb tgebfr` + fstrde` fn fb YG]5===. Grildv` ‒

Giid`nfs sèrf fb fstrde`;

B`s gut`rfs cfb fkfridid` s`j`s i`nsidfntfs cf quf cfefrêgn t`jgrsf jçs fbfjfnt`s gitugntfs g bg l`rg cf igbiubgr fb fstrde` cfb` rfgbdzgc` g i`ntdnugidùn, vgj`s g igbiubgrb` cf un j`c` sdjpbdhdigc` gntf bg hgbtg cf tdfjp` y cdsp`ndedbdcgc pgrg un içbiub`jçs i`jpbft`.

7. Fjpukf cfb tfrrfn` sèrf fb fstrde`; ê ; : 5= 9⁃

Ç ; ∆ : 5<½ ; : 36½ ∆5 : 36½ 5<½

5 : =,987ù ; : ± ℎ ℎ; : ± : ± ± ℎ : =,987± 5=±

;

:

±

:

±

±

; : ± ∆ 7 : ± : ± ± ℎ : =,987± 5=±7= : 15.5 ⁃

Yf b` dntr`cuidj`s gb j`cfb`;

5. Bgs igrags cfb tgebfr` sf trgsjdtfn fn fb j`cfb` jfcdgntf bdnos gb fstrde`. Yf lg vfrdhdigc` quf sf i`jp`rtg i`j` ungp`y` sdjpbf fn fb iugb n` sf trgsjdtfn j`jfnt`s.

]grg fb içbiub` cfb grjgc` sf fstgebfif ung i`jedngidùn cf igrags i`nsdcfrgnc` bgs rfgiid`nfs fn FBV fn fb tgebfr`, trgsjdtdcgsgb cdntfb y fb fjpukf cf bgs tdfrrgs dntr`cuidc` i`j` nufvgs igrags y jgy`rgc` p`r 7.6=.



Bg cdstrdeuidùn cf j`jfnt`s hbfit`rfs fn bg cdrfiidùn vfrtdigb cfb jur` fs; ]`cfj`s èsfrvgr bgs tfnsd`nfs fn bg cdrfiidùn vfrtdigb pr`cuidcgs fn fb jur`, pgrg bg igrg S@] ( igrg g tdfrrgs ) y igrgE@SS@J (igrg bderf ).@esfrvgnc` ibgrgjfntf bgs tfnsd`nfs cf i`jprfsdùn pr`cuidcgs fn bgs z`ngs cf gp`y` cf bgs vdags y bgs trgiid`nfs fn bgs z`ngsfntrf fs`s gp`y`s. Gcfjçs, fn bg igrg S@] bgs tfnsd`nfs drçn gujfntgnc` pr`cuiid`nfs SUGIID@NFY jdfntrgs quf fn bg igrgd t d E@SS@J d ç cd d c c dä c c ç I@J]UFYD@NFY b t hb k c b d d t



Bg cdstrdeuidùn cf j`jfnt`s hbfit`rfs fn bg cdrfiidùn l`rdz`ntgb cfb jur` fs;

dntfrd`r E@SS@J drçn cdsjdnuyfnc` pr`cuidänc`sf igcg vfz jçs I@J]UFYD@NFY, ibgrgjfntf rfhbfkgc` fn bg sdaudfntfigpturg y rfhfrfnidgc` i`n bgs fsigbgs cf i`b`rfs.

S@] HGIF Igcg vfz jçs trgiid`nfs E@S HGIF Igcg vfz jgs i`jprfsd`nfs.

B` quf gcfjçs vfrdhdig pfrhfitgjfntf fb j`jfnt` hbfit`r nfagtdv` fxdstfntf fn fb jur` y quf p r`cuif bgs trgiid`nfs fn bg igrg

dntfrd`r (S@] sfaûn nufstrg i`bìgidùn cfb j`cfb` y igrags) y i` jprfsd`nfs fn fb fxtfrd`r (E@SS@J sfaûn nufstrg i`bìgidùncfb j`cfb` y igrags)

Yd n`s gifrigj`s g bg z`ng cf gp`y` cf bgs vdags esfrvgj`s jfk`r b` pr`cuidc` fn fsg z`ng;Igjedgnc` bg fsigbg cf rfsubtgc`s pgrg quf fb YG]5=== sùb` n`s jufstrf bgs i`jprfsd`nfs;

@esfrvgj`s i`jprfsd`nfs egk` b`s gp`y`s cf bgs vdags y trgiid`nfs fn bgs z`ngs dntfrjfcdgs, sfrç nfifsgrd` rfh`rzgr fst`sbuagrfs trgiid`ngc`s, cfspuäs i`jprègrfj`s bgs iugntêgs nfifsgrdgs.



Sgjedän p`cfj`s esfrvgr bgs tfnsd`nfs n`rjgbfs fn fb sfntdc` l`rdz`ntgb cfb jur`, fni`ntrçnc`n`s i`n bg igrg S@] igcg vfzjçs trgiid`ngcg y bg igrg E@S igcg vfz jçs i`jprdjdcg.Yf èsfrvgn bgs i`jprfsd`nfs jfnid`ngcgs i`n gntfrd`rdcgc fn bg z`ng cf gp`y` cf bgs vdags y bgs trgiid`nfs fn bgs z`ngsdntfrjfcdgs fntrf gp`y`s.

I`bìgj`s grjgc` l`rdz`ntgb y grjgc` fn bg igrg cf i`jprfsdùn p`r iugntêgs jêndjgs (gun gsê b` vfrdhdi` i`n bgs iugntêgs qufjf cg fb YG]5===)

Fb grjgc` qufcg cfhdndc` fn b`s pbgn`s cfb pr`yfit`.



]grg fb grjgc` cfb fstrde` vgj`s g pfcdr gb YG]5=== quf n`s jufstrf fb çrfg cf gifr` cf grjgcurg vfrtdigb fn bg igrgtrgiid`ngcg nfifsgrdg (quf fs eçsdigjfntf bg grjgcurg quf n`s dntfrfsg igbiubgr, b` cfjçs sfrç p`r iugntêgs jêndjgs y/`rfi`jfncgid`nfs cf eufng prgxds) pgrg bg ldpùtfsds fn bg quf lfj`s j`strgc` b`s cgt`s gntfrd`rfs

Çrfg cf grjgcurg vfrtdigb nfifsgrdg fn bg igrg S@] trgiid`ngcg;

Bbfagj`s g ung iugntêg jçxdjg cf un`s 58 ij5/j

Fstgebfifj`s ung grjgcurg egsf vfrtdigb cf 7 rfc`nc` cf cdçjftr` 78jj igcg 7=ij, b` quf n`s gp`rtg ung iugntêg cf5=.77 ij5/j, rfh`rzgrfj`s bg z`ng dnhfrd`r (sùb` fs nfifsgrd` un rfhufrz` fn b`s prdjfr`s 8=ij cf grrgnquf cf jur`,b` gkust` p`r cdhfrfnidg cf iugntêgs yg cdspufstg-nfifsgrdg). Gcfjçs p`crfj`s rfcuidr bg grjgcurg nfifsgrdg sfaûngujfntgj`s fn bg i`tg cfb jur` gb rfcuidrsf b`s fshufrz`s.

Yfrêg dntfrfsgntf/nfifsgrd` gngbdzgr i`n cftgbbf bgs z`ngs cf gp`y` cf bgs vdags cfb tgebfr`, sdfnc` ung rfadùn cf cdsi`ntdnudcgc p`r igrags puntugbfs, fstucdçnc`sf fn bg n`rjg FLF-=< fn fb grtêiub` 87.

Sfncrêgj`s quf rfgbdzgr un j`cfb` fn edfbgs y tdrgntfs cf bg z`ng y i`jprègr b` quf n`s dncdig bg n`rjg, gunquf i`ntgj`si`n fb gnçbdsds fn fbfjfnt`s hdndt`s cfb YG]5===, i`n fb quf p`cfj`s ètfnfr bgs iugntêgs nfifsgrdgs cf grjgc` fn fsg z`ng,

p`cfj`s vfr fst` i`n cftgbbf gquê;

Yf gprfidg ibgrgjfntf, pgrg bgs c`s cdrfiid`nfs cfb jur`, i`j` lfj`s cf rfh`rzgr bg z`ng fntrf gp`y`s cf bgs vdags gb fxdstdrtrgiid`nfs quf n` s`p`rtg fb l`rjdaùn.

Lfj`s dntfntgc` lgifr un j`cfb` i`n bg zgpgtg cfb fstrde` fn fbfjfnt`s hdndt`s pfr` n` lg cgc` tdfjp` g gngbdzgrb` edfn, fstçni`bìgc`s b`s sprdnas i`n un i`fhdidfntf cf egbgst` O:7=.=== ON/j9. Lf dntfntgc` vfrdhdigr quf n` sgbfn trgiid`nfs fn bgzgpgtg (` gb jfn`s quf ung eufng pgrtf n` fstç trgiid`ngcg ). Sgjedän bf lf dntr`cuidc` bg igrag cf tdfrrgs quf qufcg p`r fnidjgcf bg zgpgtg.






]grg bg igrg dnhfrd`r vf` pgrtf i`jprdjdcg y pgrtf trgiid`ngcg, gunquf i`j` cda` n` jf lg cgc` tdfjp` g j`ntgr i`jpbft` yvfrdhdigr fb j`cfb`.




7=. NF@]UFN@YBg fbfiidùn cf b`s nf`prfn`s g utdbdzgr bg rfgbdzgrfj`s jdrgnc` fn fb igtçbà` cf Jfignàujeg. Eusigrfj`s un nf`prfn` qufiujpbg nufstr`s fshufrz`s y cfspbgzgjdfnt`s.



Fshufrz`s; : 7.5=6 ( )

Cfspbgzgjdfnt`s;7 : =,==6< 5 : =,==58

7 : =,===55

5 : =,==69< 9 : =,===53

Iàfrfj`s un nf`prfn` cf; 5== x 3== x 74 (79)




77. J@CFB@ FN FBFJFNS@Y YLFBBYf lg dntfntgc` rfpr`cuidr fb j`cfb` fn fbfjfnt`s Ylfbb fn fb YG]5=== cf ung h`rjg i`jpbftg, sdn bbfagr g gkustgr b`s rfsubtgc`sgb 7==% i`n b`s i`nsfaudc`s fn fb j`cfb` (jçs sfnidbb` èvdgjfntf) cfb fjpgrrdbbgc`, lgedfnc` sdc` bg irfgidùn cf fst`sj`cfb`s igusgntf cf un trgegk` f dnvfstdagidùn djp`rtgntf p`r pgrtf cf b`s gut`rfs cf ästf pr`yfit`, i`nvdrtdänc`sf fn un rft`



pfrs`ngb pgrg b`s prùxdj`s jfsfs i`nsfaudr cfsgrr`bbgr b`s j cfb`s hunid`ngbfs gb 7==%.

J`cfb` Jdxt`

J`cfb` i`jpbft` Fbfjfnt`s Ylfbb.




X]-7

X]-7

X]-7

X]-7

X]-7

X]-5

X]-5

X]-5

X]-5

X]-5

X]-7

X]-7

X]-7

X]-7

X]-7

Gpfrturg:3=jjIdfrrf:9=jjUfi rrdc`:1=jj

I n td nu dc gc cf b s g I n td nu dc gc cf b s g

G

G

E

E

S

S

B B

<77,964

Gpfrturg:3=jjIdfrrf:9=jj

Ufi rrdc`:1=jj I n td nu dc gc cf b s g I n td nu dc gc cf b s g

Gpfrturg:3=jjIdfrrf:9=jjUfi rrdc`:1=jj

]VFNSF CF XDAGY ]UFSFNYGCGY

SUGEGK@ CF IBGYF

FB ]U@J@S@U;

FYIGBG;

@EYFUXGID@NFYHFILG

]BGN@ CF;

]U@XDNIDG/I@JVNDCGC; [GJ@UG

EGUUD@;

IDVCGC; J@UFUVFBGCFS@EGUG

VNDXFUYDCGCFVU@]FGCF

JGCUDC(VFJ)

]U@J@S@U;

7

B@YDNAFNDFU@Y;

FNUDWVFBFTXGUDI@

]BGNSG T GB[GC@ =7

7 ; 6==

5

HFILG; FNFU@ 5=76

VNDXFUYDCGC FVU@]FG CF JGCUDC (VFJ)

= 7=6 76 5=

JFSU@Y

IVGCU@ CFJGSFUDGBFY

AGEUDFB GUJFNSGCFBG HB@U

78 T7<8= Y1

=.<=

=.8=

78.<=

8.<6 9.7= 8.<6

7.=6



]VFNSF CF XDAGY ]UFSFNYGCGY

SUGEGK@ CF IBGYF

FB ]U@J@S@U;

FYIGBG;

@EYFUXGID@NFYHFILG

]BGN@ CF;

]U@XDNIDG/I@JVNDCGC; [GJ@UG

EGUUD@;

IDVCGC; J@UFUVFBGCFS@EGUG

VNDXFUYDCGCFVU@]FGCF

JGCUDC(VFJ)

]U@J@S@U;

7

B@YDNAFNDFU@Y;

FNUDWVFBFTXGUDI@

GUJGC@ =5

7 ; 7==

5

HFILG; FNFU@ 5=76

VNDXFUYDCGC FVU@]FG CF JGCUDC (VFJ)

= 7=,6 7,6 5,=

JFSU@Y

75.==

5.6= 1.== 5.6=

7=.==

3.5=

3.5=

7.==

#

Y1 i jY6 ij

IVGCU@ CFJGSFUDGBFY

AGEUDFB GUJFNSGCFBG HB@U

7.6=

7.==

7.==

7.6=

5.<6 5.<6 5.<6 5.<6

Documents

Final Course Project (Structures) - Road bridge