Final Environmental Impact Statement Final Section 4(f) Evaluation · 2013-10-01 · Final Environmental Impact Statement Final Section 4(f) Evaluation july 2011 . airport improvement

Final Environmental Impact Statement

Final Section 4(f) Evaluation

july 2011

airport improvement program

volume 11 FeiS Chapters

Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration

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1 FEIS CHAPTERS

AIRPORT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM

Final Environmental Impact Statement

Final Section 4(f) Evaluation

JULY 2011

PREPARED FOR:

Federal Aviation Administration

PREPARED BY:

Vanasse Hangen Brustlin, Inc.

IN ASSOCIATION WITH:

Economic Development Research Group, Inc.Harris Miller Miller & Hanson, Inc. I2 Community Development Consulting, Inc. Intervistas, Inc. Jacobs Engineering, Inc. KB Environmental Sciences, Inc. KM Chng Environmental, Inc. O.R. Colan Associates Public Archaeology Laboratory RKG Associates, Inc.

Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration

AIRPORT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM

printed on recycled paper

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION

FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT AND FINAL SECTION 4(f) EVALUATION

T.F. GREEN AIRPORT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM CITY OF WARWICK, KENT COUNTY, RHODE ISLAND

Prepared by: Federal Aviation Administration Cooperating Agency: Federal Highway Administration

Abstract: This Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) and Final Department of Transportation (DOT) Section 4(f) Evaluation analyzes the potential environmental impacts associated with various improvements identified in the planning process for T.F. Green Airport Improvement Program, proposed by the Rhode Island Airport Corporation (RIAC). The purpose of the Improvement Program is to: enhance airport safety and enhance the efficiency of the Airport and the New England Regional Airport System, to more fully meet the current and anticipated demand for aviation services. T.F. Green Airport functions as an integral component within the Rhode Island, regional, and national air transportation networks by providing facilities and related infrastructure that will allow a level of air transportation services that meet demand. Even with the downturn in the economy, the existing runways limit the flexibility of the airlines to utilize appropriate aircraft to meet the current and anticipated demand, and to meet current and projected service to long-haul markets. This will also require enhancements in other airport facilities (such as terminal, parking and cargo facilities). The ability to accommodate non-stop long-haul service is restricted by the length of the primary Runway 5-23. The limited runway length at T.F. Green Airport has prevented some carriers from meeting current and anticipated demand to West Coast destinations. More importantly, however, several of the facilities at T.F. Green Airport do not meet FAA standard criteria for airport design or safety criteria. This includes Runway 16-34 Runway Safety Areas (RSA) dimensions, the presence of Hangar No. 1 which is in protected airspace, and Runway 16-34 - Taxiway C separation requirements. While the FAA has determined that these facilities can be operated within acceptable safety margins, these improvements will enhance overall safety.

This FEIS and Final Section 4(f) Evaluation examines a range of alternatives to address the potential environmental consequences associated with the Improvement Program. Two alternatives, Alternatives B2 and B4, emerged as a result of a multi-level screening and refinement process, and were carried forward for more detailed environmental analysis. Both alternatives include all of the proposed safety and efficiency projects. The distinguishing features between the alternatives are the locations of the proposed runway extension, RSA enhancements, and cargo facilities.

This FEIS evaluates the affected environment and environmental consequences of each alternative relating to noise, land use, environmental justice populations, air quality, social and economic environment, historical and archaeological resources, water quality, wetlands, floodplains, and surface transportation among other resources. The Final Section 4(f)/Section 6(f) Evaluation, which is in Chapter 7, assesses impacts to Section 4(f) and Section 6(f) resources associated with the T.F. Green Airport Improvement Program. This FEIS identifies Alternative B4 as the Preferred Alternative, and includes proposed mitigation measures to mitigate potential significant and other project impacts. RIAC has selected Alternative B4 as its Proposed Action. The proposed mitigation includes wetland restoration, voluntary land acquisition and sound insulation for noise mitigation, air quality and emissions controls for the construction phase, and other mitigation.

Copies of the Executive Summary, FEIS, and technical reports are available at Warwick and Cranston libraries and on the web at www.vhb.com/pvd/eis.

After careful and thorough consideration of the facts contained herein, and following consideration of the views of those Federal agencies having jurisdiction by law or special expertise on environmental impacts described, the undersigned finds that the proposed Federal action is consistent with existing national environmental policies and objectives as set forth in section 101(a) of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969.

For further information, please contact the Federal Aviation Administration (Attention: Richard Doucette): Federal Aviation Administration, New England Regional Office (781) 238-7613 12 New England Executive Park [email protected] Burlington, MA 01803

http://www.vhb.com/pvd/eis�mailto:[email protected]�

T.F. Green Airport Improvement Program Environmental Impact Statement and Final Section 4(f) Evaluation

Table of Contents Volume I

Abstract

Chapter 1: Introduction and Background ........................................................................................1-1 1.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Proposed T.F. Green Airport Improvement Program ..........................................1-1 1.3 T.F. Green Airport Improvement Program Background and History ...............1-3 1.4 Final Section 4(f) and 6(f) Evaluation .....................................................................1-8 1.5 Reader’s Guide to the Final Environmental Impact Statement...........................1-8

Chapter 2: Purpose and Need ............................................................................................................2-1 2.1 Purpose and Need Overview ..................................................................................2-1 2.2 Airport Background ..................................................................................................2-3 2.3 T.F. Green Airport Facility Requirements ............................................................2-20 2.4 Summary of the Purpose and Need for the T.F. Green Airport

Improvement Program ...........................................................................................2-37 Chapter 3: Alternatives Analysis ......................................................................................................3-1

3.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................3-1 3.2 Alternatives Screening Process ................................................................................3-3 3.3 Level 1 Screening – Candidate Alternatives ..........................................................3-6 3.4 Level 2 Screening – Preliminary Alternatives .....................................................3-10 3.5 Level 3 Screening - Airport Improvement Program (IP) Alternatives .............3-14 3.6 Level 4 Screening - Refined Combined Alternatives ..........................................3-15 3.7 Level 5 Screening – Further Refined Alternatives ..............................................3-16 3.8 Level 6 Screening – DEIS Final Alternatives .......................................................3-36 3.9 FEIS Analysis – Final Alternatives, the Preferred Alternative, and the

Environmentally Preferable Alternative ..............................................................3-38 Chapter 4: Affected Environment .....................................................................................................4-1

4.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................4-1 4.2 Noise ...........................................................................................................................4-2 4.3 Compatible Land Use .............................................................................................4-13 4.4 Social and Socioeconomic, and Environmental Justice and

Children’s Health and Safety Risks ......................................................................4-17 4.5 Surface Transportation ...........................................................................................4-27 4.6 Air Quality ...............................................................................................................4-30 4.7 Historic, Architectural, Archaeological, and Cultural Resources .....................4-43 4.8 Section 4(f) and 6(f) Resources ...............................................................................4-48 4.9 Wetlands and Waterways ......................................................................................4-51

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4.10 Water Quality...........................................................................................................4-56 4.11 Fish, Wildlife, and Plants .......................................................................................4-60 4.12 Federal Threatened and Endangered Species .....................................................4-67 4.13 Floodplains ...............................................................................................................4-67 4.14 Coastal Resources ....................................................................................................4-70 4.15 Farmlands .................................................................................................................4-71 4.16 Hazardous Materials, Pollution Prevention, and Solid Waste ..........................4-73 4.17 Light Emissions and Visual Environment ...........................................................4-83 4.18 Energy Supply, Natural Resources, and Sustainable Design ............................4-86

Chapter 5: Environmental Consequences .......................................................................................5-1 5.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................5-1 5.2 Significance Thresholds ..........................................................................................5-10 5.3 Noise .........................................................................................................................5-13 5.4 Compatible Land Use .............................................................................................5-46 5.5 Social and Socioeconomic, and Environmental Justice and Children’s Health

and Safety Risks .......................................................................................................5-74 5.6 Surface Transportation ......................................................................................... 5-118 5.7 Air Quality ............................................................................................................. 5-148 5.8 Historic, Architectural, Archaeological, and Cultural Resources ................... 5-171 5.9 Department of Transportation Act: Section 4(f) and Section 6(f) Resources . 5-183 5.10 Wetlands and Waterways .................................................................................... 5-190 5.11 Water Quality......................................................................................................... 5-208 5.12 Fish, Wildlife, and Plants ..................................................................................... 5-225 5.13 Federal Threatened and Endangered Species ................................................... 5-241 5.14 Floodplains ............................................................................................................. 5-243 5.15 Coastal Resources .................................................................................................. 5-251 5.16 Farmlands ............................................................................................................... 5-254 5.17 Hazardous Materials, Pollution Prevention, and Solid Waste ........................ 5-259 5.18 Light Emissions and Visual Environment ......................................................... 5-269 5.19 Energy Supply, Natural Resources, and Sustainable Design .......................... 5-276 5.20 Environmental Consequences Summary ........................................................... 5-281

Chapter 6: Mitigation ..........................................................................................................................6-1 6.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................6-1 6.2 Noise ...........................................................................................................................6-5 6.3 Compatible Land Use .............................................................................................6-16 6.4 Social and Socioeconomic, and Environmental Justice and

Children’s Health and Safety Risks ......................................................................6-18 6.5 Surface Transportation ...........................................................................................6-19 6.6 Air Quality ...............................................................................................................6-20 6.7 Historic, Architectural, Archaeological, and Cultural Resources .....................6-20 6.8 Section 4(f) Resources .............................................................................................6-24 6.9 Wetlands and Waterways ......................................................................................6-25 6.10 Water Quality...........................................................................................................6-32 6.11 Fish, Wildlife, and Plants .......................................................................................6-37 6.12 Threatened and Endangered Species ...................................................................6-37 6.13 Floodplains ...............................................................................................................6-37

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6.14 Coastal Resources ....................................................................................................6-38 6.15 Farmlands .................................................................................................................6-38 6.16 Hazardous Materials, Pollution Prevention, and Solid Waste ..........................6-38 6.17 Light Emissions and Visual Environment ...........................................................6-39 6.18 Energy Supply, Natural Resources, and Sustainable Design ............................6-39 6.19 Construction Period Mitigation .............................................................................6-39 6.20 Mitigation Implementation and Monitoring .......................................................6-41 6.21 Alternative B2 Mitigation .......................................................................................6-44

Chapter 7: Final Section 4(f)/Section 6(f) Evaluation ....................................................................7-1 7.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................7-1 7.2 Regulatory Context ...................................................................................................7-1 7.3 Methodology ..............................................................................................................7-2 7.4 Description of Section 4(f) Properties .....................................................................7-3 7.5 Use of Section 4(f) Properties ...................................................................................7-7 7.6 Avoidance Alternatives ..........................................................................................7-12 7.7 Measures to Minimize Harm and Mitigation ......................................................7-18 7.8 Summary ..................................................................................................................7-21 7.9 Coordination and Consultation .............................................................................7-22 7.10 Least Overall Harm Analysis ................................................................................7-22 7.11 Section 6(f) Considerations ....................................................................................7-24

Chapter 8: Consultation and Coordination .....................................................................................8-1 8.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................8-1 8.2 Public Involvement ...................................................................................................8-2 8.3 Inter-Agency/Tribal Consultation and Coordination .........................................8-5 8.4 Section 106 Consultation between the FAA, the Rhode Island

State Historic Preservation Office, and the Narragansett Indian Tribal Historic Preservation Office .....................................................................................8-9

8.5 Section 4(f) and Section 6(f) Consultation among the FAA, the Rhode Island State Historic Preservation Office, the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, and the City of Warwick .........8-11

8.6 City and Local Coordination .................................................................................8-12 8.7 Required Permits, Approvals, and Actions .........................................................8-13 8.8 EIS Notifications and Distribution ........................................................................8-15 8.9 Public Comments on the EIS .................................................................................8-15

Chapter 9: List of Preparers ................................................................................................................9-1 Chapter 10: Distribution List ............................................................................................................10-1 Chapter 11: References .......................................................................................................................11-1 Index

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Volume 2

FEIS Figures

Volume 3

Appendix A, Responses to Comments (Part 1)

Volume 4

Appendix A, Responses to Comments (Part 2)

Volume 5

Appendix B, Federal Register Notices

Appendix C, Federal, State, City and Tribal Coordination

Appendix D, Public Participation Materials

Appendix E, Purpose and Need and Alternatives

Appendix F, Noise

Appendix G, Social and Socioeconomic, and Environmental Justice and Children’s Health and Safety Risks

Appendix H, Surface Transportation

Appendix I, Historic, Architectural, Archaeological, and Cultural Resources

Appendix J, Section 4(f) and Section 6(f) Resources

Appendix K, Water Quality

Appendix L, Floodplains

Appendix M, Hazardous Materials, Pollution Prevention, and Solid Waste

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List of Tables

Table No. Description Page

2-1 Summary of T.F. Green Airport Facility Requirements................................2-3 2-2 2010 FEIS No-Action Alternative and Build Forecast Summary .................2-6 2-3 Total Origin and Destination (O&D) Passengers between T.F. Green

and Logan Airports (combined) and West Coast U.S. Markets...................2-7 2-4 Average Origin and Destination (O&D) Passengers between T.F. Green

Airport and West Coast U.S. Markets (including Las Vegas) ...................2-19 2-5 Annual Enplaned Passengers per Gate Method – 2010 FEIS

No-Action Alternative and Build Alternative Forecasts.............................2-29 2-6 Annual Departures per Gate Method – 2010 FEIS No-Action

Alternative and Build Alternative Forecasts ................................................2-29 2-7 Percent Increase in Annual Operations Method – 2010 FEIS

No-Action Alternative and Build Alternative Forecasts.............................2-30 2-8 Integrated Cargo Carrier Building Facility Requirements .........................2-32 2-9 GSE Maintenance Building Requirements – 2010 FEIS No-Action

Alternative and Build Alternative Forecasts ................................................2-33 2-10 Jet A Fuel Farm Demand and Capacity Requirements –

2010 FEIS No-Action Alternative and Build Alternative Forecast ............2-34 2-11 Long-Term Passenger and Airport Employee Parking

Requirements at T.F. Green Airport – 2010 FEIS No-Action Alternative and Build Alternative Forecasts ................................................2-36

3-1 Level 1 Screening Results: On-Airport Candidate Alternatives ..................3-9 3-2 Level 2 Screening Results: Preliminary Alternatives ..................................3-13 3-3 Level 3 Screening Results: IP Options ...........................................................3-14 3-4 Summary of Level 4 Screening Analysis.......................................................3-16 3-5 Number of West Coast-Capable Aircraft Accommodated on Various

Runway Lengths ..............................................................................................3-21 3-6 Level 5 Screening Step 3 - Utility Assessment of Runway 5-23 Lengths .......3-27 3-7 Level 5 Screening Step 3 - Alternatives B3 South and B4: Summary of

Key Impacts and Costs ....................................................................................3-28

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3-8 Primary Runway Lengths of East Coast U.S. Airports with Non-Stop Service to the West Coast ................................................................................3-30

3-9 Level 5 Build Alternatives Elements Subject to Environmental

Consequences Analysis ...................................................................................3-32

3-10 Summary of Level 5 Screening Analysis.......................................................3-35 3-11 DEIS Level 6 Alternatives B2 and B4: Summary of Key Impacts and

Costs (2020) .......................................................................................................3-37 3-12 FEIS Alternatives B2 and B4: Summary of Key Impacts, Revenues, and

Costs (2020) .......................................................................................................3-42 3-13 DEIS and FEIS Comparison of Alternative B4 Operations, Passengers,

Key Impacts, and Costs ...................................................................................3-48

4-1 2004 Noise-exposed Population and Housing Units in the City of Warwick .................................................................................................4-7

4-2 City of Warwick Properties (Parcels) in the Completed Part 150 VLAP and Residential Sound Insulation Program as of December 31, 2004 (Baseline Condition).........................................................4-8

4-3 Modeled DNL, Lmax and TA Specified Level for Non-Residential

Noise-sensitive Sites with Noise Levels at or above 60 dB DNL for the Baseline Condition .............................................................................................4-9

4-4 Measured DNL for the Short-term Primary and Secondary Noise

Measurement Sites ...........................................................................................4-11

4-5 Summary of Short-term Roadway Noise Measurements...........................4-12 4-6 Land Use Plans .................................................................................................4-14 4-7 Land Uses in Project Area and Study Area ..................................................4-15 4-8 City of Warwick Generalized Zoning ...........................................................4-16 4-9 Land Use Exposed to DNL 65 dB or Greater (Baseline Condition)...........4-16 4-10 Statewide Averages for Environmental Justice Populations......................4-18 4-11 Airport-dependent and Aviation-reliant Businesses in the Study Area...4-21 4-12 Airport-dependent Industries in the Study Area ........................................4-21 4-13 Study Area Commercial Land Use Value and Taxes

(Baseline Condition) ........................................................................................4-22 4-14 Demographic Characteristics of the Study Area Compared to Warwick,

Cranston, and the Region...............................................................................4-23 4-15 Residential Housing Stock Characteristics of the Study Area

Compared to Warwick, Cranston, Region, and the State ...........................4-23

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4-16 Housing Cost Burdened Households in 2000: Study Area Compared to Cranston, Warwick, the Region, and Rhode Island ............4-24

4-17 Publicly Subsidized Housing in the Project Area and Study Area ...........4-25 4-18 Completed Part 150 Voluntary Land Acquisition Program Impacts

Affecting Environmental Justice Populations ..............................................4-26 4-19 National Ambient Air Quality Standards.....................................................4-31 4-20 2004 Baseline Condition Attainment/Non-Attainment Status of the

Providence Area ...............................................................................................4-33 4-21 2004 Baseline Condition Air Emissions Inventory ......................................4-37 4-22 2004 Baseline Condition Hazardous Air Pollutants

Emissions Inventory ........................................................................................4-37 4-23 2004 Baseline Condition Atmospheric Dispersion Analysis Results for

T.F. Green Airport............................................................................................4-38 4-24 Baseline Condition CO “Hot-Spot” Analysis Results .................................4-39 4-25 Permanent RIDEM Air Monitors - Data Summary 2005

through 2008 .....................................................................................................4-40 4-26 Section 4(f) Parks and Recreation Areas within the Study Area and

Project Area.......................................................................................................4-50 4-27 Summary of Study Area Baseline Condition Wetland

Functions and Values ......................................................................................4-53 4-28 Project Area Baseline Condition Wetlands - State Jurisdiction

Resource Areas .................................................................................................4-54 4-29 Summary of Project Area Wetland Functions and Values .........................4-55 4-30 Contributing Areas to Surface Waters Receiving Airport Discharges

(Baseline Condition) ........................................................................................4-56 4-31 Regulatory Classifications for Surface Waters Receiving

Airport Discharges...........................................................................................4-57 4-32 Drainage Areas and Outfalls within T.F. Green Airport ............................4-58 4-33 Water Quality at T.F. Green Airport Outfalls ..............................................4-59 4-34 Summary of Study Area Cover Types ..........................................................4-63 4-35 Summary of Project Area Cover Types (2004) .............................................4-64 4-36 Regulated Farmland Soils within the Project Area

(Baseline Condition) ........................................................................................4-72 4-37 T.F Green Airport Aboveground Storage Tanks .........................................4-75 4-38 Underground Storage Tanks ..........................................................................4-76 4-39 Miscellaneous Oil and Hazardous Materials Storage .................................4-77

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4-40 Leaking Underground Storage Tanks within the Project Area (Baseline Condition) ........................................................................................4-80

4-41 2004 Estimated Energy Consumption by Source Category........................4-86

5-1 Alternatives B2 and B4 ......................................................................................5-3 5-2 Resource Categories Evaluated and FEIS Analysis Years ...........................5-4 5-3 Aircraft Operations for 2010 FEIS No-Action, Incremental and

Total Build Alternative Forecasts ....................................................................5-6 5-4 Enplaned-Deplaned Passenger 2010 FEIS No-Action, Incremental and

Total Build Alternative Forecasts.................................................................... 5-6 5-5 New and Planned Developments in the Study Area ...................................5- 9 5-6 FAA Order 1050.1E Impact Thresholds for Significant Adverse Effects ..5-11 5-7 DNL Noise Baseline Exposure Compared to Alternative Exposure.........5-13 5-8 No-Action Alternative: 2015, 2020, 2025 Aircraft Noise-Exposed

Housing Units...................................................................................................5-18 5-9 No-Action Alternative: 2015, 2020, 2025 Aircraft Noise-Exposed

Population .........................................................................................................5-18 5-10 No-Action Alternative and Alternatives B2 and B4: Comparison of

Computed DNL at Non-Residential Noise-Sensitive Sites within the DNL 60 dB Noise Contour ..............................................................................5-19

5-11 No-Action Alternative: 2015 Summary of Vehicular Traffic Noise ..........5-21 5-12 No-Action Alternative: 2020 and 2025 Summary of Vehicular

Traffic Noise for Areas Potentially Impacted by Alternative B2 ...............5-22 5-13 No Action Alternative: 2020 and 2025 Summary of Vehicular Traffic

Noise for Areas Potentially Impacted by Alternative B4............................5-23 5-14 Alternative B2: 2015 Aircraft Noise-Exposed Housing Units ....................5-24 5-15 Alternative B2: 2015 Aircraft Noise-Exposed Population ..........................5-25 5-16 Alternative B2: 2015 Summary of Traffic Noise Impacts by

Neighborhood...................................................................................................5-26 5-17 Alternative B2: 2020 and 2025 Aircraft Noise-Exposed Housing Units....5-27 5-18 Alternative B2: 2020 and 2025 Aircraft Noise-Exposed Population..........5-28 5-19 Alternative B2: 2020 Summary of Traffic Noise Impacts by

Neighborhood ..................................................................................................5-29 5-20 Alternative B2: 2025 Summary of Traffic Noise Impacts by

Neighborhood...................................................................................................5-29 5-21 Alternative B4: 2015 Aircraft Noise-Exposed Housing Units ....................5-31 5-22 Alternative B4: 2015 Aircraft Noise-Exposed Population ..........................5-32

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5-23 Alternative B4: 2015 Summary of Traffic Noise Impacts by Neighborhood...................................................................................................5-33

5-24 Alternative B4: 2020 and 2025 Aircraft Noise-Exposed Housing Units....5-34 5-25 Alternative B4: 2020 and 2025 Aircraft Noise-Exposed Population..........5-35 5-26 Alternative B4: 2020 Summary of Traffic Noise Impacts by

Neighborhood...................................................................................................5-36 5-27 Alternative B4: 2025 Summary of Traffic Noise Impacts by

Neighborhood ..................................................................................................5-37 5-28 Typical Construction Equipment Maximum Noise Levels ........................5-39 5-29 Comparison of Computed Time Above 75 at Noise Measurement Sites ......5-41 5-30 Comparison of Computed Time Above 75 at Non-Residential Noise-

Sensitive Sites....................................................................................................5-42 5-31 Alternatives B2 and B4: Summary of Significant Impacts on

Housing Units and Population.......................................................................5-43 5-32 Alternatives B2 and B4: Comparison of Newly Noise-Exposed Housing

Units and Population to DNL 65 dB and Above ........................................5-44 5-33 Alternative B2: Summary of Vehicular Traffic Noise Impacts

(Number of Housing Units)............................................................................5-45 5-34 Alternative B4: Summary of Vehicular Traffic Noise Impacts

(Number of Housing Units)............................................................................5-45 5-35 Federally Defined Land Use Compatibility with Annual Day-Night

Average Sound Level (DNL) ..........................................................................5-50 5-36 No-Action Alternative: Residential Land Assumed to be Acquired

under a No-Action Voluntary Land Acquisition Program ........................5-53 5-37 All Alternatives: Residential Land Exposed to DNL 65 dB and

above in Study Area.........................................................................................5-54 5-38 Alternative B2: Summary of Full Land Acquisitions in 2020.....................5-55 5-39 Alternative B2: Partial Parcels Required for Construction (Mandatory) .... 5-56 5-40 Alternative B2: Residential Land Exposed to DNL 65 dB and Above

Compared to the No-Action Alternative ......................................................5-56 5-41 Alternatives B2 and B4: Significant Noise Impacts to

Residential Land Uses .....................................................................................5-57 5-42 Alternative B4: Summary of Full Land Acquisitions .................................5-58 5-43 Alternative B4: Partial Parcels Required for Construction (Mandatory) ...5-59 5-44 Alternative B4: Residential Land Exposed to DNL 65 dB

Compared to the No-Action Alternative (2015) .........................................5-60 5-45 Alternative B4: Residential Land Exposed to DNL 65 dB

Compared to the No-Action Alternative (2020, 2025) ...............................5-61

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5-46 No-Action Alternative: Residential Zoning Districts Exposed to

DNL 65 dB and Above ....................................................................................5-65

5-47 Alternative B2: Residential Zoning Districts Exposed to DNL 65 dB and Above ....................................................................................5-66

5-48 Alternative B4: Residential Zoning Districts Exposed to DNL 65 dB and Above ....................................................................................5-67

5-49 All Alternatives: Cumulative Full Residential Land Acquisition

(Parcels and Housing Units) ..........................................................................5-72

5-50 No-Action Alternative: Aviation Activity-Related Direct Impacts

from On-Airport Economic Impacts (Losses and Gains) ...........................5-86

5-51 No-Action Alternative: Aviation Activity-Related Indirect Impacts

from Off-Airport Visitor Spending and Jobs and Wages (Gains) .............5-87

5-52 Alternative B2 Aviation Activity: Related Total Economic Impacts (Gains) in the City of Warwick and State of Rhode Island in 2020 and 2025....................................................................................................5-89

5-53 Alternative B2: Economic Impacts (Losses) in 2020 due to Business

Displacement for Construction (Mandatory) ..............................................5-91

5-54 Alternative B2: Direct Annual Property Tax Impacts (Losses) .................5-92 5-55 Alternative B2: Residential Units to be Acquired (2020) ...........................5-94 5-56 Aviation Activity: Related Total Economic Impacts (Gains) in the

City of Warwick and State of Rhode Island .................................................5-96 5-57 Alternative B4: Economic Impacts (Losses) in 2015 due to Business

Displacement for Construction (Mandatory) ...............................................5-97 5-58 Alternative B4: Direct Annual Property Tax Impacts (Losses) .................5-98 5-59 Alternative B4: Residential Units to be Acquired (2015) .........................5-100 5-60 Average Annual Employment in the City of Warwick (1980 - 2010) .....5-103 5-61 Approved and Permitted New Development and Estimated

Job Capacity ....................................................................................................5-104 5-62 Maximum Potential Cumulative Job Impacts due to Construction-

Related Acquisitions (Mandatory) by Alternative B2 and B4..................5-104 5-63 Alternatives B2 and B4: Direct and Indirect Economic Impacts

(Gains) in the City of Warwick.....................................................................5-107 5-64 Alternatives B2 and B4: Total Economic Impacts (Gains) in

Rhode Island ...................................................................................................5-107 5-65 Summary of Direct and Indirect Impacts to Employment in the

City of Warwick .............................................................................................5-108 5-66 2020 No-Action Alternative Current Part 150 VLAP Impacts

Affecting Environmental Justice Populations ............................................5-110

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5-67 Alternative B2: Land Acquisition and Noise Impacts Affecting

Environmental Justice Populations .............................................................5-111

5-68 Alternative B4: Land Acquisition and Noise Impacts Affecting

Environmental Justice Populations .............................................................5-112

5-69 Summary of Impacts to Affordable and Subsidized Low- and Moderate-Income Housing...........................................................................5-117

5-70 Alternatives B2 and B4 Compared to the No-Action Alternative:

2015, 2020, and 2025 AADT Summary ........................................................5-143


2015, 2020, and 2025 VMT/VHT Summary................................................5-144


2015, 2020, and 2025 Changes to Peak Hour Traffic Operations (Level of Service) ...........................................................................................5-145

5-73 Summary of Air Quality Significance Thresholds.....................................5-149 5-74 Air Quality Assessment Models ..................................................................5-151 5-75 No-Action Alternative: Operational Emissions Inventory.......................5-154 5-76 No-Action Alternative: Atmospheric Dispersion Analysis

Results..............................................................................................................5-155 5-77 No-Action Alternative: CO “Hot-Spot” Analysis Maximum

Concentration Results....................................................................................5-155 5-78 No-Action Alternative: Operational Emissions of HAPs .........................5-156 5-79 Alternative B2: Operational Emissions Inventory .....................................5-157 5-80 Alternative B2: Atmospheric Dispersion Analysis Results ......................5-158 5-81 Alternative B2: CO “Hot-Spot” Analysis Maximum Concentration

Results..............................................................................................................5-158 5-82 Alternative B2: Operational Emissions of HAPs .......................................5-159 5-83 Alternative B4: Operational Emissions Inventory .....................................5-160 5-84 Alternative B4: Atmospheric Dispersion Analysis Results ......................5-161 5-85 Alternative B4: CO “Hot-Spot” Analysis Maximum

Concentration Results....................................................................................5-161 5-86 Alternative B4: Operational Emissions of HAPs .......................................5-162 5-87 Alternative B2: Construction Year and Maximum Construction

Emissions Inventory ......................................................................................5-163 5-88 Alternative B4: Maximum Construction Emissions Inventory................5-164 5-89 Operational Emissions General Conformity Summaries..........................5-165 5-90 Construction Emissions General Conformity Summaries........................5-166 5-91 Operational and Construction Emissions General Conformity

Summaries.......................................................................................................5-167

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5-92 Air Emissions Inventory Summary – Operational ....................................5-169 5-93 Atmospheric Dispersion Analysis Summary .............................................5-169 5-94 CO “Hot-Spot” Analysis Summary .............................................................5-170 5-95 Air Emissions Inventory Summary – Maximum Construction

Emissions.........................................................................................................5-170 5-96 Projected Future Noise Impacts to Historical Properties .........................5-176 5-97 Summary of Direct and Indirect Impacts to Historical and

Archaeological Resources .............................................................................5-179 5-98 Section 4(f) Historical Properties Day-Night Average Sound Levels .....5-184 5-99 Section 4(f) Public Parks and Recreation Areas Day-Night Noise

Levels ...............................................................................................................5-185 5-100 Alternative B2: Summary of Impacted Wetland Functions and Values ...5-195 5-101 Alternative B2: Wetland Impacts by Program Element............................5-196 5-102 Alternative B2: Federal Wetland Areas Impacted .....................................5-197 5-103 Alternative B2: State Regulated Freshwater Wetland Types Impacted ....5-197 5-104 Alternative B4: Summary of Impacts to Wetland Functions and Values ....5-199 5-105 Alternative B4: Wetland Impacts by Program Element............................5-199 5-106 Alternative B4: Federal Wetland Impact.....................................................5-201 5-107 Alternative B4: State Regulated Freshwater Wetland Impact..................5-201 5-108 Alternatives B2 and B4: Areas of Federal Wetland and

Waterway Impacts .........................................................................................5-204 5-109 Alternatives B2 and B4: Additional State-Regulated Perimeter and

Riverbank Wetland Impacts .........................................................................5-204 5-110 No-Action and Alternatives B2 and B4: Program Elements by

Drainage Area.................................................................................................5-212 5-111 Annual Pollutant Loading by Drainage Area

(No-Action Alternative) ...............................................................................5-213 5-112 Impervious Surfaces by Drainage Area (Alternative B2) ........................5-214 5-113 Alternative B2: Impervious Roadway and Parking Areas by

Drainage Area.................................................................................................5-215 5-114 Annual Pollutant Loading by Drainage Area1 (Alternative B2) ............5-216 5-115 Alternative B2 and Alternative B4 Anticipated Annual Deicing

Fluid Usage .....................................................................................................5-216 5-116 Impervious Surfaces by Drainage Area (Alternative B4) ........................5-217 5-117 Alternative B4: Impervious Roadway and Parking Areas by

Drainage Area.................................................................................................5-218 5-118 Annual Pollutant Loading by Drainage Area (Alternative B4) ..............5-219 5-119 Comparison of Impervious Surface Changes.............................................5-223

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5-120 Comparison of Pollutant Loading Changes ...............................................5-224 5-121 Alternative B2: Impacts to Aquatic Habitats ..............................................5-230 5-122 Alternative B2: Impacts to Terrestrial Habitats..........................................5-231 5-123 Alternative B4: Impacts to Aquatic Habitats ..............................................5-233 5-124 Alternative B4: Impacts to Terrestrial Habitats..........................................5-233 5-125 Alternatives B2 and B4: Summary of Impacts to Important Biotic

Communities...................................................................................................5-238 5-126 Alternatives B2 and B4: Summary of Impacts to

Estimated Floodplains ...................................................................................5-247 5-127 Direct and Indirect Impacts to Farmland of Statewide Importance........5-259 5-128 Alternatives B2 and B4: Comparison of Environmental Consequences,

Hazardous Materials, and Solid Waste .......................................................5-265 5-129 No-Action Alternative and Alternatives B2 and B4: Distances and

Heights of Approach Lighting .....................................................................5-272 5-130 Future Estimated Annual Energy Consumption by Source Category

and Alternative...............................................................................................5-279 5-131 Significant Impacts: Summary Comparison of the Significant

Impacts of Alternatives B2 and B4 Prior to Mitigation .............................5-282

6-1 Summary of Potential Proposed Mitigation for Significant Impacts ..........6-3 6-2 Summary of Potential Mitigation for Compliance with Other

Requirements ......................................................................................................6-4 6-3 Alternative B4: Summary of Mitigation for Significant Noise Impacts ......6-9 6-4 Noise Compatibility Measures.......................................................................6-12 6-5 Alternative B4: Residential Units Eligible for Participation in a

Voluntary Land Acquisition Program under Part 150................................6-13 6-6 Alternative B4: Residential Units Newly Eligible for Participation in a

Future Sound Insulation Program for Noise Mitigation under Part 150 ....6-14 6-7 Alternative B4: Summary of Potential Noise Barriers.................................6-15 6-8 Alternative B4: Summary of Adverse Effects to Historical and

Archaeological Resources ...............................................................................6-22 6-9 Alternative B4: Summary of Impacts to Historical Cemeteries .................6-24 6-10 Alternative B4: Wetland Functions and Values Impacted..........................6-26 6-11 Alternative B4: Potential Wetland Mitigation Sites - Functions and

Values ................................................................................................................6-27 6-12 Alternative B4: Wetland Mitigation Estimated Acreage.............................6-32 6-13 Alternative B4: Potential Stormwater Control Measures ...........................6-34 6-14 Alternative B4: Required Stormwater Storage Volume ..............................6-35

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6-15 Potential Stormwater Control Measures Operations and Maintenance Procedures .................................................................................6-36

6-16 Alternative B4: Summary of Construction Period Mitigation Measures .......6-40 6-17 Alternative B4: Summary of Proposed Mitigation Implementation

and Monitoring for Significant Impacts........................................................6-42 6-18 Alternative B4: Summary of Proposed Mitigation for Compliance

with Other Requirements................................................................................6-43 6-19 Alternative B2: Wetland Functions and Values Impacted..........................6-48 6-20 Alternative B2: Potential Wetland Mitigation Sites - Functions and

Values ................................................................................................................6-49 6-21 Alternative B2: Wetland Mitigation Estimated Acreage.............................6-50 6-22 Alternative B2: Summary of Proposed Mitigation Implementation

and Monitoring for Significant Impacts........................................................6-54 6-23 Alternative B2: Summary of Proposed Mitigation Implementation

and Monitoring for Mitigation for Compliance with Other Requirements.........................................................................................6-55

7-1 Potential Replacement Options for Recreational Facilities.........................7-20 7-2 Summary of Use and Mitigation of Section 4(f) Properties

by Alternative ...................................................................................................7-21

8-1 EIS Public Outreach and Review .....................................................................8-4 8-2 Coordination Group Meetings .........................................................................8-8 8-3 Section 106 Consultation .................................................................................8-10 8-4 Local Coordination Meetings .........................................................................8-13 8-5 T.F. Green Airport Improvement Program Possible Permits and

Approvals..........................................................................................................8-14 8-6 Locations for Public Review of the EIS .........................................................8-15

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List of Charts

Chart No. Description Page

2-1 Los Angeles Area - T.F. Green Origin and Destination Passengers..........2-13 2-2 San Francisco Bay Area - T.F. Green Origin and Destination Passengers2-15 2-3 Seattle - T.F. Green Origin and Destination Passengers .............................2-17 2-4 Las Vegas – T.F. Green Origin and Destination Passengers ......................2-18 2-5 Range of Runway Length Requirements for Non-stop West Coast-Capable

Aircraft...............................................................................................................2-26

3-1 Alternative Screening Process ..........................................................................3-5 3-2 Level 5 Alternatives Screening Process ........................................................3-17

List of Figures Volume 2

Figure No. Description

1-1 Project Location 1-2 Project Vicinity 1-3 Existing Airport Facilities 1-4 Existing Terminal Area

2-1 Eastern New England Airport Catchment Areas 2-2 New England Airport Usage by Ground Origin (FY 2004) 2-3 Airport Use by Passengers Originating in T.F. Green Catchment Area 2-4 Runway 16-34 Runway Safety Areas 2-5 Existing and Possible New Non-Stop (Long-Haul) Destinations with

Primary Runway Lengthening

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3-1 Screening Level I - Candidate Alternatives: Study Area 3-2 Screening Level I - Candidate Alternatives: Other Airports Considered 3-3 Potential New Airport Locations 3-4 Proposed Program Elements 3-5 No-Action Alternative and Alternative B1 (Conceptual Layouts) 3-6 Alternatives B2 and B4 (Conceptual Layouts) 3-7 Alternatives B3 North and South (Conceptual Layouts) 3-8 Level 5 Alternative B3 South and Alternative B4 Comparison of 2020 Noise

Contours 3-9 Level 5 Alternative B3 South and Alternative B4 Winslow Park Impacts 3-10 Alternative B4 Construction Phasing 2012-2013 3-11 Alternative B4 Construction Phasing 2014-2015 3-12 Alternative B4 Construction Phasing 2016-2017 3-13 Alternative B4 Construction Phasing 2018-2019 3-14 Alternative B4 Construction Phasing 2020-2021

4-1 2004 Flight Tracks 4-2 Noise Measurement and Cargo Noise Prediction Sites 4-3 2004 Day-Night Noise Level (DNL) Contours 4-4 Part 150 Properties: Sound Insulated and Voluntary Land Acquisition 4-5 Non-residential Noise-Sensitive Locations within the 2004 DNL 60 dB

Contour 4-6 Generalized Land Use 2004 4-7 Zoning Districts 2004 4-8 Generalized Land Use 2004 and Non-Residential Noise-Sensitive Locations

within the 2004 DNL 65 dB Contour 4-9 Non-Residential Noise-Sensitive Land Uses: Schools, Places of Worship,

Nursing Homes, and Libraries 2004 4-10 Airport-Related Businesses 2004 4-11 Employment in the Study Area and State of Rhode Island (by sector) 4-12 Subsidized Housing 2004 4-13 Baseline Environmental Justice Populations 4-14 Surface Transportation Study Area 4-15 Airport Parking Facilities 4-16 Dispersion Modeling Receptors and Air Quality Monitoring Sites 4-17 Air Quality Analysis Intersections

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4-18 RIDEM Permanent Air Monitoring Station Locations 4-19 Historic, Architectural, Archaeological and Cultural Resources Areas of

Potential Effect (APE) 4-20 Cultural Resources within the Areas of Potential Effect (APE) 4-21 Area of Potential Effect for the Phase I(c) Archaeological Survey 4-22 Study Area Wetlands 4-23 Project Area Wetlands 4-24 Regional Surface Water Resources 4-25 Buckeye Brook, Warwick Pond, and Tuscatucket Brook Drainage Areas 4-26 Groundwater Resources 4-27 Airport Drainage Areas with Stormwater Collection Systems 4-28 Study Area Natural Communities 4-29 Project Area Natural Communities 4-30 1% Annual Chance Floodplain 4-31 Coastal Resources 4-32 RICRMC Jurisdictional Areas 4-33 Prime Farmland Soils 4-34 Potential Sources of Soil and Groundwater Contamination 4-35 Oil and Hazardous Material Management Areas at T.F. Green Airport 4-36 Truk Away Landfill 4-37 Existing Lighting and Navigation Aids

5-1 No-Action Alternative: Conceptual Layout 5-2 Alternatives B2 and B4: Conceptual Layouts 5-3 Alternative B2: Modeled Flight Tracks – Northflow 5-4 Alternative B2: Modeled Flight Tracks – Southflow 5-5 Alternative B4: Modeled Flight Tracks – Northflow 5-6 Alternative B4: Modeled Flight Tracks – Southflow 5-7 No-Action Alternative: Comparison of 2015, 2020 and 2025 Noise Contours 5-8 Completed and Current Part 150 Voluntary Land Acquisition Programs and

Residential Sound Insulation Program 5-9 Non-Residential Noise-Sensitive Locations above the 2025 DNL 60 dB Contour:

All Alternatives 5-10 Alternative B2 and No-Action Alternative: Comparison of 2015 Noise Contours 5-11 Alternative B2 and No-Action Alternative: Comparison of 2020 and 2025 Noise

Contours 5-12 Alternative B2: Areas of Significant Noise Exposure 2020 and 2025

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5-13 Alternative B4 and No-Action Alternative: Comparison of 2015 Noise Contours 5-14 Alternative B4: Areas of Significant Noise Exposure 2015 5-15 Alternative B4 and No-Action Alternative: Comparison of 2020 and 2025 Noise

Contours 5-16 Alternative B4: Areas of Significant Noise Exposure 2020 and 2025 5-17 No-Action Alternative: Noise Contours and Generalized Land Use 5-18 Alternative B2: 2015, 2020 and 2025 DNL Noise Contours with Generalized Land

Use 5-19 FEIS Alternatives: Property Acquisition and Sound Insulation: South 5-20 FEIS Alternatives: Property Acquisition and Sound Insulation: North 5-21 Alternative B4: 2015 DNL Noise Contours with Generalized Land Use 5-22 Alternative B4: 2020 and 2025 DNL Noise Contours with Generalized Land Use 5-23 No-Action Alternative: Noise Contours and Generalized Zoning 2015, 2020, and

2025 5-24 Alternative B2: Noise Contours and Generalized Zoning 2015, 2020 and 2025 5-25 Alternative B4: Noise Contours and Generalized Zoning 2015 5-26 Alternative B4: Noise Contours and Generalized Zoning 2020 and 2025 5-27 FEIS Alternatives: Land Acquisition Impacts to Environmental Justice

Communities: North 5-28 FEIS Alternatives: Land Acquisition Impacts to Environmental Justice

Communities: South 5-29 FEIS Alternatives: 2015, 2020, and 2025 Significant Noise Impacts to

Environmental Justice Communities: North 5-30 FEIS Alternatives: 2015, 2020, and 2025 Significant Noise Impacts to

Environmental Justice Communities: South 5-31 FEIS Alternatives: Impacts to Historic Properties and Warwick Historic

Cemeteries within the Direct Impacts APE: North 5-32 FEIS Alternatives: Impacts to Historic Properties and Warwick Historic

Cemeteries within the Direct Impacts APE: South 5-33 Alternative B2: Historic Properties Noise Impacts 2020 and 2025 5-34 Alternative B4: Historic Properties Noise Impacts 2015 5-35 Alternative B4: Historic Properties Noise Impacts 2020 and 2025 5-36 Alternative B2: Public Parks and Recreation Areas - Noise and Land Acquisition

Impacts 5-37 Alternative B4: Public Parks and Recreation Areas - Noise and Land Acquisition

Impacts 2015

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5-38 Alternative B4: Public Parks and Recreation Areas - Noise and Land Acquisition Impacts 2020 and 2025

5-39 FEIS Alternatives: Impacts to Wetlands and Waterways: North 5-40 FEIS Alternatives: Impacts to Wetlands and Waterways: South 5-41 Cumulative Impacts to Wetlands 5-42 No-Action Alternative: Future Drainage Areas, Potential BMPs, and Outfalls 5-43 Alternatives B2 and B4: Future Drainage Areas, Potential BMPs, and Outfalls 5-44 FEIS Alternatives: Impacts to Fish, Wildlife, and Plants: North 5-45 FEIS Alternatives: Impacts to Fish, Wildlife, and Plants: South 5-46 FEIS Alternatives: Impacts to 1% Annual Chance Floodplain 5-47 Cumulative Impacts to Historic and Existing Floodplains 5-48 FEIS Alternatives: Impacts to Farmlands of Statewide Importance 5-49 FEIS Alternatives: Potential Hazardous Materials and Solid Waste Impacts 5-50 FEIS Alternatives: Proposed Lighting

6-1 Main Avenue Roadway Noise Mitigation 6-2 Potential Compensatory Wetland Mitigation Sites 6-3 Wetland Mitigation Site 1 South of Runway 34, Warwick 6-4 Wetland Mitigation Site 2 Culvert Replacement Lakeshore Drive, Warwick 6-5 Wetland Mitigation Site 3 Lakeshore Drive, Warwick 6-6 Wetland Mitigation Site 6 Wetland Creation, Lydick Ave Warwick 6-7 Wetland Mitigation Site 8 Three Ponds Marsh Preservation, Warwick 6-8 Wetland Mitigation Site 12 Conimicut Point Marsh Preservation, Warwick

7-1 Section 4(f) Resources 7-2 Aerial View of Eligible Airport Historic District 7-3 Winslow Park Facilities 7-4 FEIS Alternatives: Impacts to Historic Properties 7-5 Hangar No. 1 / Object Free Area 7-6 FEIS Alternatives: Winslow Park Impacts 7-7 Integrated Cargo Facility Sites (Shown with Alternative B2) 7-8 Section 4(f) Alternatives Analysis for Alternative B4 Cargo Options 7-9 Potential Winslow Park Relocation Sites 7-10 Cedar Swamp Road Site Plan 7-11 Strawberry Field Road Site Plan

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Acronyms

A – (300) Airbus – (model) AAD Annualized Average Delay per

Aircraft Operation AADT Average Annual Daily Traffic AC Advisory Circular ACHP Advisory Council on Historic

Preservation ACI Airports Council International ACM Asbestos-Containing Materials ACRP Airport Cooperative Research

Program AEE Federal Aviation Administration

Office of Energy and Environment AGL Above Ground Level AIP Airport Improvement Program AIR-21 Wendell H. Ford Aviation Investment

and Reform Act of the 21st Century ALP Airport Layout Plan ALPA Airline Pilots Association ALSF-2 Approach Lighting System AMASS Airport Movement Area Safety

System AMF Airfield Maintenance Facility AMTRAK National Railroad Passenger

Corporation AOMS Aircraft Operations Monitoring

System APE Area of Potential Effect APM Automated People Mover APU Aircraft Auxiliary Power Unit ARFF Airport Rescue and Fire Fighting ASDE-X Airport Surveillance Detection

Equipment ASR-9 Airport Surveillance Radar AST Aboveground Storage Tank ATC Air Traffic Control

ATCT Air Traffic Control Tower ATO FAA Air Traffic Organization B – (747) Boeing – (model) BMP Best Management Practices BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand BRAC Base Realignment and Closure CAA Clean Air Act CBRA Coastal Barrier Resources Act CDA Continuous Descent Arrival CEQ Council on Environmental Quality CFR Code of Federal Regulations cfs Cubic feet per second CO Carbon Monoxide COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CRJ Canadair Regional Jet CT Connecticut CTAS Center Tracon Automation System CWA Clean Water Act CWCS Rhode Island’s Comprehensive

Wildlife Conservation Strategy CZM Coastal Zone Management CZMA Coastal Zone Management Act CZMP Coastal Zone Management Program CZARA Coastal Zone Management Act

Reauthorization Amendments dB Decibel dBA Hourly A-weighted equivalent sound

level in decibels DEIS Draft Environmental Impact

Statement DFW Rhode Island Division of Fish and

Wildlife DNL Day-Night Average Sound Level

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DO Dissolved Oxygen DOD United States Department of Defense DOI United States Department of the

Interior DOT United States Department of

Transportation EDMS Emissions and Dispersion Modeling

System EIS Environmental Impact Statement EJ Environmental Justice EMAS Engineered Materials Arresting

System EO Executive Order EPA United States Environmental

Protection Agency ESA Endangered Species Act FAA Federal Aviation Administration FEIS Final Environmental Impact

Statement FEMA Federal Emergency Management

Agency FHWA Federal Highway Administration FHWA NAC Federal Highway Administration

Noise Abatement Criteria FICAN Federal Interagency Committee on

Aviation Noise FICON Federal Interagency Committee on

Noise FIRM Flood Insurance Rate Map FPPA Farmland Protection Policy Act FRA Federal Railroad Administration ft Feet GA General Aviation GIS Geographic Information System GPS Global Positioning System GSE Ground Support Equipment GSP Gross State Product HAP Hazardous Air Pollutant HCM Highway Capacity Manual HDTR High Density Traffic Airports Rule HIRL High Intensity Runway Lights HMMH Harris Miller Miller & Hanson, Inc. HNM Helicopter Noise Model

HUD United States Department of Housing and Urban Development

HVACR Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Systems

I Interstate IFR Instrument Flight Rule IMC Instrument Meteorological

Conditions INM Integrated Noise Model IP Improvement Program LAAS Local Area Augmentation System LAX Los Angeles International Airport LBP Lead-Based Paint LCC Low Cost Carriers LGA LaGuardia Airport LED Light Emitting Diode LEDPA Least Environmentally Damaging

Practicable Alternative LEED Leadership in Energy and

Environmental Design L max Maximum Noise Level LOS Level of Service LUST Leaking Underground Storage Tanks L&WCF Land and Water Conservation Funds MA Massachusetts MAGLEV Magnetically Levitating Train MALSR Medium Intensity Approach Lighting

System MOA Memorandum of Agreement MOU Memorandum of Understanding MPO Metropolitan Planning Organization MPU Master Plan Update MSA Metropolitan Statistical Area MSL Mean Sea Level µg/m3 Micrograms per cubic meter MUTCD Manual on Uniform Traffic Control

Devices NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality

Standards NAS National Airspace System NASA National Aeronautics and Space

Administration

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NATA National Air Toxics Assessment NAVAIDS Navigational Aids NB Northbound NCP Noise Compatibility Plan NDNL Night-time Day-Night Average

Sound Level NEPA National Environmental Policy Act NERASP New England Regional Airport

System Plan NFIP National Flood Insurance Program NHL National Historic Landmark NITHPO Narragansett Indian Tribe Historic

Preservation Office NLR Noise Level Reduction NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service NO Nitric Oxide NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration NOI Notice of Intent NOMS Noise and Operation Monitoring

System NO x Nitrogen Oxides NPDES National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System NPIAS National Plan of Integrated Airport

Systems NPL National Priorities List NPRM Notice of Proposed Rulemaking NPS National Park Service NRCS Natural Resources Conservation

Service NRHP National Register of Historic Places NWR National Wildlife Refuge NY New York OAG Official Airline Guide OEP Operational Evolution Plan OFA Object Free Area OGAC Open graded asphaltic concrete OHM Oil and/or Hazardous Materials OPSNET Air Traffic Operations Network

Database ORD Chicago/O’Hare International

Airport OSHA Occupational Safety and Health

Administration

OST Office of the Secretary of Transportation

PAH Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon PANYNJ Port Authority of New York and New

Jersey PAPI Precision Approach Path Indicator PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyl PFC Passenger Facility Charges PHL Philadelphia International Airport PM Particulate Matter PM10 Particulate Matter of 10 microns and

smaller PM2.5 Particulate Matter of 2.5 microns and

smaller ppm Parts per million RAILS Runway Alignment Indicator Lights REIL Runway Edge Indicator Lights RI Rhode Island RIAC Rhode Island Airport Corporation RICRMC Rhode Island Coastal Resources

Management Council RIDEM Rhode Island Department of

Environmental Management RIDLT Rhode Island Department of Labor

and Training RIDOA Rhode Island Department of

Administration RIDOH Rhode Island Department of Health RIDOT Rhode Island Department of

Transportation RIHPHC Rhode Island Historic Preservation

and Heritage Commission RIPDES Rhode Island Pollution Discharge

Elimination System RIPTA Rhode Island Public Transit

Authority RISHPO Rhode Island State Historic

Preservation Office RJ Regional Jet RNAV Area Navigation RNP Required Navigation Performance ROD Record of Decision ROFA Runway Object Free Area RPAT RNP Parallel Approach Transition RPZ Runway Protection Zone

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RSA Runway Safety Area RSIP Residential Sound Insulation Program SAC Study Advisory Commission SAMP Special Area Management Plan SB Southbound SEL Sound Exposure Level SFO San Francisco International Airport SHPO State Historic Preservation Office SID Standard Instrument Departure SIP State Implementation Plan SO2 Sulfur Dioxide SPCC Spill Prevention, Containment, and

Control SR State Route SSA Sole Source Aquifer SWPPP Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan TA Time Above TAAM Total Airspace and Airport Modeler TAF Terminal Area Forecast TAMIS Total Airport Management

Information Systems TAR Tonnage Per Area Ratio TDM Transportation Demand Management TIP Transportation Improvement

Program TMDL Total Maximum Daily Load TOFA Taxiway Object Free Area TMA Traffic Management Advisor TRB Transportation Research Board

TR-55 Technical Release 55 Model for Urban Hydrology

TRACON Terminal Radar Approach Control U.S. United States of America U.S.C. United States Code UPS United Parcel Service USACE United States Army Corps of

Engineers USDA United States Department of

Agriculture USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife

Service USGS United States Geological Survey USPS United States Postal Service UST Underground Storage Tanks VASI Visual Approach Slope Indicators VFR Visual Flight Rule VHB Vanasse Hangen Brustlin, Inc. VHT Vehicle Hours Traveled VLAP Volunteer Land Acquistion Program VMC Visual Meteorological Conditions VMP Vegetation Management Plan VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled VOC Volatile Organic Compound WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System WHC Warwick Historic Cemeteries WSRA Wild and Scenic Rivers Act WSRD Warwick Station Redevelopment

District

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1 Introduction and Background

1.1 Introduction

The Rhode Island Airport Corporation (RIAC) is proposing a program of improvements at Theodore Francis Green Airport (T.F. Green Airport or ‘the Airport’) to enhance safety at the airport and to enhance the efficiency of the Airport and the New England Regional Airport System. As the lead federal agency, in compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA),1,2,3,4 the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has determined that it was necessary to prepare a Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) because of the potential for significant environmental impacts associated with the proposed T.F. Green Airport Improvement Program. The DEIS was filed in July 2010 and a subsequent Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) is presented herein. This document also includes a final Department of Transportation (DOT) Section 4(f) Resources evaluation.5 This chapter provides an overview of the components of the T.F. Green Airport Improvement Program, including a description of the Airport’s history and rationale for proposing the Improvement Program. An overview of the process that was followed in preparing this FEIS and a description of the contents of this FEIS is provided.

1.2 Proposed T.F. Green Airport Improvement Program

RIAC is proposing a program of improvements for T.F. Green Airport in Warwick, Rhode Island, the purpose of which is to provide facilities that would conform to current FAA airport design standards to enhance airport safety and efficiency of the Airport as well as the New England Regional Airport System to more fully meet the current and anticipated demand for aviation services. The T.F. Green Airport Improvement Program evaluated in this FEIS includes safety projects (enhance Runway 16-34 Runway Safety Areas (RSAs); removal of Hangar No. 1; relocate Taxiway C;) and efficiency projects (extend Runway 5-23; expand passenger terminal

1 National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended. 2 Federal Aviation Administration Order 1050.1E, Change 1, Environmental Impacts: Policies and Procedures, U.S. Department of Transportation, March 20,

2006. 3 FAA Order 5050.4B, National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Implementing Instructions for Airport Actions, FAA, United States Department of

Transportation, April 28, 2006. 4 Environmental Desk Reference for Airport Actions, FAA, October 5, 2007. 5 U.S. Department of Transportation Act of 1966, Section 4(f), 49 U.S.C., section 303(c).

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and parking facilities; construct new ground support equipment facilities, new belly cargo facility and new fuel farm facilities; construct a new Integrated Cargo Facility; and reconfigure terminal access roadways).

T.F. Green Airport is a critical economic driver for the City of Warwick, the State of Rhode Island, and the New England region. Despite the current economic downturn, anticipated long-term increases in passenger demand and aircraft operations require local and regional improvements at our nation’s airports to meet existing and long-term needs. Long-term forecasts anticipate continued growth in air passenger traffic at T.F. Green Airport and the New England region. Anticipated air passenger demand at the Airport is predicted to reach approximately 5.8 million passengers by 2020 and 6.5 million passengers by 2025 (refer to Chapter 2, Purpose and Need, for the passenger and operations forecasts).

The proposed airport enhancements, including extending primary Runway 5-23 to allow for non-stop flights to the West Coast, have the potential to serve an additional approximately 767,800 passengers a year by 2020. This would result in additional economic benefits, including new jobs, increased on- and off-Airport spending and business revenues, and increased state tax revenue. The extension of Runway 5-23 would enhance the efficiency of both T.F. Green Airport and the New England regional system.

Based on the environmental impact analysis conducted in support of this FEIS, the T.F. Green Airport Improvement Program Alternatives would result in significant environmental impacts; however, the analysis shows that there is a range of reasonable mitigation opportunities to address those impacts.

T.F. Green Airport is owned by the State of Rhode Island and operated by RIAC. Designated by the FAA as a medium-hub6 commercial service airport, in 2010 T.F. Green Airport served approximately 3.9 million enplaned and deplaned passengers with approximately 220 daily aircraft operations (an aircraft landing or departure).7

The Airport plays a vital role in fulfilling anticipated local, New England regional, and national demands of business and leisure travel, as well as providing air cargo service capacity for the eastern New England region. According to a 2006 Economic Impact Study,8 T.F. Green Airport is a critical catalyst for economic growth in the State of Rhode Island, generating directly and indirectly approximately $1.96 billion in economic activity and $603.9 million in earnings. The Airport provides over 2,000 jobs directly; and indirectly supports hotels, rental car agencies, parking facilities, gas stations, and other travel-related businesses in the host city of Warwick.

T.F. Green Airport occupies 1,100 acres of land and is located in the dense, urban City of Warwick, Rhode Island, six miles south of the City of Providence (Figures 1-1 and 1-2). T.F. Green Airport is generally bounded by Airport Road to the north, Industrial Drive to the east/southeast, Main Avenue (State Route 113) to the south, and Post Road (U.S. Route 1) to the west. The Airport is accessible via several major regional and national roadways, including Interstate Highways I-95 and I-295, U.S. Route 1, and State Routes 10 and 37. The main access entry to the Airport is off Post Road. Warwick Pond, Buckeye Brook, and associated wetland systems are located north and east of the Airport property. Adjacent land uses include residential development to the

6 The FAA defines a medium hub airport as a commercial service airport with more than 10,000 passenger boardings each year, handling 0.25 to 1 percent of the country's annual passenger boardings (accessed at www.faa.gov/airports/planning_capacity/passenger_allcargo_stats/categories/ on April 5, 2010).

7 T.F. Green Airport – Monthly Airport Passenger Activity Summary, Rhode Island Airport Corporation, December 2010. 8 Rhode Island Airport Economic Impact Study Update 2006, Rhode Island Airport Corporation, 2006.


http://www.faa.gov/airports/planning_capacity/passenger_allcargo_stats/categories/�


southwest, west, southeast, and east; commercial and industrial development along Post Road and Airport Road; and industrial development along Industrial Drive.

The Airport also is accessible via Rhode Island Public Transit Authority (RIPTA) and the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) bus lines and the new InterLink facility, formerly known as the Intermodal Station, which opened on October 27, 2010. InterLink offers multiple transportation functions, including: RIPTA bus service; MBTA commuter train service traveling between Warwick, Providence, and Boston; a consolidated car rental facility, and parking (for commuter rail service only); and a direct pedestrian link to the Airport terminal. The rail platform is integrated with a consolidated rental car facility that houses airport rental car operations. The six-level parking garage includes approximately 640 spaces for short-term rail commuter parking and an equivalent of approximately 2,500 spaces for rental car operators. Bus pulloffs for RIPTA Intercity bus Route #8 are provided on Jefferson Boulevard. The planned Warwick Station Redevelopment District (WSRD), which surrounds the InterLink, includes approximately 1.5 million gross square feet consisting of approximately 640,000 square feet of office uses, 640,000 square feet of hotel/conference uses, and 220,000 square feet of convenience retail/entertainment uses, subject to City approval.9

The Airport has two runways: the primary runway, Runway 5-23 (7,166 feet), and the secondary runway, Runway 16-34 (6,081 feet) (Figure 1-3). T.F. Green’s 352,000 square foot passenger terminal building contains the ticketing, baggage claim, and surface transportation areas; security services; Federal Inspection Services; concessions area; two concourses with passenger hold rooms; 22 commercial air service gates with 16 jet bridges; and RIAC’s administrative offices (Figure 1-4). The existing terminal facility provides approximately 16,000 square feet of passenger processing and support space per aircraft gate position. These facilities include all areas required to process the movement of commercial airline passengers and their baggage as well as providing convenience and comfort in terms of concessions, restrooms, and building mechanical systems. In addition to the terminal, airport facilities include hangars, a fuel farm, air cargo, ground service equipment (GSE) facilities, an aircraft rescue and fire fighting facility, three on-Airport parking garages (Garage A, Garage B, and Garage C) and two parking lots (Hourly Lot D and Long-Term Lot E) with a total capacity of 8,422 spaces. All of these assets are located on State of Rhode Island property.

1.3 T.F. Green Airport Improvement Program Background and History

In recognizing the importance of protecting the environment, the U.S. Congress passed NEPA in 1969. NEPA requires federal agencies to analyze and consider alternatives to, and the environmental impacts of, major federal actions; to disclose and consider mitigation for significant impacts; and to provide interested parties with an opportunity to participate in the environmental review process. FAA approval of changes to the T.F. Green Airport Layout Plan (ALP)10 and subsequent federal funding through the Airport Improvement Program (AIP) are federal actions requiring compliance with NEPA. RIAC cannot undertake any new physical improvements until they are approved and depicted on an updated ALP. When selecting a preferred

9 The Warwick Station Redevelopment District development program has been expanded from 1.1 million gross square feet (gsf) to 1.5 million gsf, according to the City of Warwick Planning Department (correspondence dated February 2011).

10 An Airport Layout Plan is a planning document for airports and is required for all public airports that receive state or federal funding. It shows existing conditions, near-term and long-term airport development. The latest FAA-approved Airport Layout Plan for T.F. Green Airport is dated April 18, 2002.



alternative, the FAA considers the alternative that best meets the purpose and need of the Proposed Action. The FAA also considers its statutory mission and environmental, technical, and economic factors.

RIAC is responsible for developing, maintaining, and operating the Airport to ensure that it functions safely and efficiently as Rhode Island’s primary commercial passenger airport. RIAC also conducts planning efforts to assist in identifying the facility needs and enhancements that will allow T.F. Green Airport to function according to its role in the reg

Documents

Final Environmental Impact Statement Final Section 4(f) Evaluation · 2013-10-01 · Final Environmental Impact Statement Final Section 4(f) Evaluation july 2011 . airport improvement