Final Exam Review

“Funny, these look just like my flashcards…wonder if those are

important?”

Society, Art, Geography, Language, Religion, Economy, Politics, Customs8 Elements of Culture

The mixing of two or more cultures together – may form a new culture

Cultural Diffusion

The coexistence of elements from a variety of cultures within a single cultureCultural Diversity

Urban Setting, Writing system, Organized Economy, and Organized Government

Elements of a Civilization

The change from hunting and gathering (nomadic) to herding and farming

Neolithic Revolution

Egypt (Nile)Sumer (Tigris and Euphrates)India (Indus)China (Huang He)

River Valley Civilizations

First written set of laws which came from the Babylonian’s – “eye for an eye”Hammurabi’s Code

Transportation, food supply, fertile soil, water for irrigation

Why ancient civilizations

developed by rivers

Worshipped spirits of nature (Africa)

Animism

Nature spirits called Kami exist in all things (Japan)

Shintoism

Caste system, polytheistic, reincarnation, Karma, Dharma (India)

Hinduism

Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path, end worldly desires (Asia from India)

Buddhism

Follow The Way of nature and accept the things that you cannot change (China)Taoism

5 Relationships, filial piety, set up civil service exams (China)

Confucianism

Monotheistic, suffered Diaspora, Ten Commandments, Old Testament onlyJudaism

Monotheistic, created by the birth and death of Jesus, Ten Commandments, whole Bible

Christianity

Monotheistic, developed by Mohammed, Five Pillars of Faith Islam

Line of ruling families in China, belief that those families held a Mandate of Heaven Dynasty

As a result of mountainous terrain in Greece, these consisted of a city and its surrounding areaCity – States

Free men in Athens vote directly on all issues

Direct Democracy

Blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian and Indian culture created by Alexander the GreatHellenistic Culture

Roman government in which elected representatives decide on important issuesRepublican Democracy

200 years of Roman Peace that began with Augustus Caesar – Golden age of Rome Pax Romana

Written laws of Rome, basis for our legal system today

Twelve Tables

Justinian’s Code, Hagia Sophia, preserved Greek and Roman culture, ConstantinopleByzantine Empire

Out of Mecca and into Asia, Africa and Europe, preserved and improved classic cultureMuslim Empire

Feudal society, Code of Bushido, isolationist and ethnocentric

Tokugawa Shogunate

Largest empire, Genghis and Kublai Khan, ruled China and Russia, Marco Polo Muslim Empire

Gold-Salt trade, Mansa Musa, Ghana-Mali-Songhai, Ibn Battuta, became IslamicWest African Empires

Created complex civilizations apart from the rest of the world in Meso-AmericaInca – Maya - Aztec

Like the Code of Bushido in Japan, was a guide of behavior for knights in Middle Ages EuropeChivalry

Spread by fleas on rats, killed 1/3 of Europeans by human interaction, loss of faith in churchBubonic Plague

Locally run “government” system of Middle Ages – based on manorialism and rigid class systemFeudalism

Huge churches with flying buttresses, stained glass windows, visually praises glory of GodGothic Architecture

Series of Holy Wars to reclaim Holy Land from Muslims, huge impact on trade, ends feudalismCrusades

Intellectual and artistic movement during Renaissance that focused on everyday lifeHumanism

Wealthy people who sponsored artists such as the Medici family in Florence Patrons

Most important invention in history, made books available to the masses

Printing Press

Economic relationship between mother country and colonies – make money for mother countryMercantilism

Named after Columbus, global exchange of products: food, animals, language, diseasesColumbian Exchange

Attempt by some Europeans to reform or change the Roman Catholic ChurchReformation

When monarchs ruled with absolute power, supported by Divine Right

Absolutism

Selling forgiveness of sins and salvation, the main reason Luther was upset with the ChurchIndulgences

Theory that the Earth travels around the sun, supported by Copernicus and GalileoHeliocentric Theory

A change in the way people looked for answers to life’s questions using science, not faithScientific Revolution

Society viewed political ideas through natural laws instead of divine belief

Enlightenment

Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Voltaire

Enlightenment Thinkers

Copernicus, Galileo, Newton, Descartes

Scientific Revolution

Thinkers