[FINAL] FOR TAUNSA BARRAGE REHABILITATION AND MODERNIZATIONdocuments.worldbank.org/curated/en/... · approach to the barrage, safety risk due to deficient thickness of downstream

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

[FINAL]FOR TAUNSA BARRAGE

REHABILITATION AND MODERNIZATION

15 September 2004

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Punjab Barrages Rehabilitation Project Phase-I

3.9.3 Material Depots ................................................ 3-20

3.9.4 Work Bases ................................................ 3-20

3.9.5 Approaches to Work Site ................................................ 3-21

3.10 ESTIMATED COST OF PROJECT ................................................ 3-21

3.11 THE PROJECT CATEGORY AS PER APPLICABLE STANDARDS AND

CRITERIA ................................................ 3-22

3.12 PROJECT OBJECTIVES ................................................ 3-22

3.13 CONCLUSION ................................................ 3-22

4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE ................................... 4-1

4.1 PROJECT AREA OF IMPACT (AOI) ..................................... 4-1

4.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ......................................... 4-1

4.2.1 Geology ......................................... 4-1

4.2.2 Physiography ......................................... 4-2

4.2.3 Soil Type ......................................... 4-2

4.2.4 Land Use ......................................... 4-2

4.2.5 The River and Hydrologic Regime at Barrage ....................................... 4-3

4.2.6 Water Resource for the Vicinity Area ......................................... 4-6

4.2.7 Climate ......................................... 4-7

4.2.8 Ambient Quality of Environment ......................................... 4-8

4.2.9 Natural Event History ......................................... 4-10

4.3 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ........................................ 4-11

4.3.1 Flora ......................................... 4-11

4.3.2 Fauna ......................................... 4-15

4.3.3 Wildlife Sanctuary ......................................... 4-24

4.3.4 Indus Dolphin ......................................... 4-25

4.3.5 Agriculture ......................................... 4-28

4.4 SOCIO ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL ASPECTS . ........................ 4-29

4.4.1 Population and community structure ......................................... 4-29

4.4.2 Poverty Status ......................................... 4-29

4.4.3 Services and Facilitates in the Area ......................................... 4-30

4.4.4 Conclusions ......................................... 4-32

5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ......................... 5-1

5.1 NO PROJECT OPTION / WORST SCENARIO OPTION ......................... 5-1

5.2 OPTION OF NEW BARRAGE ON THE SAME SITE ................................... 5-3

5.3 OPTION OF NEW BARRAGE ON NEW SITE ............................................. 5-4

5.4 THE OPTION OF HAVING NEW WEIR AT LESSER THAN 1500 FT

DOWNSTREAM .5-55.5 OPTION OF NOT CHANGING THE DIMENSIONS OF THE GATELESS

WEIR .5-55.6 OPTION OF DENOTIFYING TAUNSA BARRAGE POND AREA AS

WILDLIFE SANCTUARY AND AS RAMSAR SITE ...................................... 5-6

5.7 OPTION OF ALTERNATE LOGISTICS ............... ....................... 5-7

5.8 OPTION OF PROPOSED DESIGN ...................................... 5-8

5.9 SUMMARY OF ALTERNATIVES ...................................... 5-8

6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE ................................................. 6-1

6.1 MEETINGS WITH LOCAL AND REGIONAL OFFICIALS .............. .............. 6-1

6.2 MEETING WITH LOCAL COMMUNITIES ................................................. 6-4

6.3 PUBLIC HEARING ................................................. 6-7

6.4 PUBLIC DISCLOSURE ................................................. 6-9

NDC I NESPAK I ATKINS (ii)


6.5 EPA OBSERVATIONS ............................................................ 6-96.6 EPA APPROVAL ............................................................ 6-12

7. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES ......... 7-1

7.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT SOURCES ..................................... 7-17.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT . ............................. 7-8

7.2.1 Preconstruction Phase ..................................... 7-87.2.2 Construction Phase ..................................... 7-107.2.3 Operational Phase ..................................... 7-15

7.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS ..................................... 7-15

8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................ 8-1

8.1 GENERAL .............. 8-18.2 MITIGATION PLAN .............. 8-18.3 MITIGATION (AVOIDANCE) OF ADVERSE IMPACTS AT DESIGN

PHASE ................................... . 8-78.4 TENDER AND CONSTRUCTION PHASE . ................................ 8-7

8.4.1 Impact Reduction Measures ................................... 8-78.4.2 Pretender Conference ................................... 8-98.4.3 Preconstruction Coordination Meeting ................................... 8-10

8.5 OPERATIONAL PHASE - MANAGEMENT OF OPERATIONALIMPACTS .................................. . 8-10

8.6 MANAGEMENT OF SOCIAL IMPACTS . ................................ 8-108.7 MONITORING PLAN .. ................................ 8-108.8 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS .................................. 8-13

8.8.1 Management Responsibility .................................. 8-138.8.2 Institutional Strengthening .................................. 8-158.8.3 Reporting and Supervision .................................. 8-15

8.9 COMPREHENSIVE SUMMARY OF EMP . ............................... 8-168.10 RECOMMENDATIONS .. . 8-38

8.10.1 Avoidance . 8-388.10.2 Contractor's Obligations . 8-398.10.3 Social Frame Work Agreement (SFA) . 8-458.10.4 Operational Manual . 8-49

NDC I NESPAK I ATKINS (iii)


LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1: Environmental and Social Process

Table 1.2: Study Stage for Various Study Area

Table 2.1: Essential FIDIC Clause to be Included in the Tdner Docuemnts and

Contractors

Table 4.1: Flood Limit as Used

Table 4.2: Flood Data for Past 46 Years

Table 4.3: Traffic Crossings Over Taunsa Barrage

Table 4.4: Noise Level due to Traffic Over Taunsa Barrage Bridge

Table 4.5: Indus Dolphin Population Status

Table 4.6: Prices of Essential Commodities in the Project Area

Table 6.1: List of Officials Contacted

Table 6.2: List of Selected Community Representative

Table 6.3: Employment Opportunity at Taunsa Barrage Rehabilitation Project

Table 7.1: Evaluation of Environmental and Social Impact of Taunsa Barrage

Rehabilitation Project

Table 8.1: Mitigation Summary

Table 8.2: Minimum Monitroing Plan

NDC I NESPAK I ATKINS (iv)


LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3-1: Proposed Sub-weir Cross SectionFigure 3-2: Project area map showing the logisticsFigure 4-1: Land use pattern in area of influrence (Aoi) of the projectFigure 4-2: Hydrograph showing u/s water levels 1999Figure 4-3: Hydrograph showing u/s water levels 2000Figure 4-4: Hydrograph showing u/s water levels 2001Figure 4-5: Hydrograph showing u/s water levels 2002Figure 4-6: Hydrograph showing u/s water levels 2003Figure 4-7: Hydrograph showing month wise head across 1999-2003Figure 4-8: Month wise minimum & maximum water levels 1999-2003Figure 4-9: Hydrograph showin month wise head across 1999-2003Fiugre 4.10: Indus Dolphin Conservation ProgrammeFigure 8-1: Organogram of Irrigation and Power (I&P) Department showing the

environmental unit proposed

NDC I NESPAK I ATKINS (v)


LIST OF ANNEXES

Annex-I: Socal Framework Agreement

Annex-lI: Project Beneficiary Survey (Socio Economic Study)

Annex-IIl: Fishes Commonly Found in River Indus U/S and D/S Taunsa Barrage

Annex-IV: Approval from Environment Protection Department (EPD) Punjab

NDC I NESPAK I ATKINS (vi)


LIST OF PLATES

Plate 1.1: Taunsa Barrage by 1958 standards was a marvelous achievement by PakistaniEngineers. But the model is now threatened by Retrogression, corrosion due to oblique riverapproach to the barrage, safety risk due to deficient thickness of downstream floor anddamage to glacis ............. 1-1Plate 1.2: In order to mitigate the degenerative process in the river bed below the existingweir, a gateless weir (sill), 4346 ft long, shall be constructed across the river. Initially it wasproposed at site A, 1500 ft downstream. Another option being considered is at site B, 800 ftdownstream as seen from the left bank .. 1-5Plate 1.3: In order to mitigate the degenerative process in the river bed below the existingweir, a gateless weir (sill), 4346 ft long shall be constructed across the river. Initially it wasproposed at site A, 1500' downstream. The option has now titled in favor of site B 800downstream, as seen from the right bank .. 1-6Plate 3.1: Taunsa Barrage built over River Indus, is located at 300 31 N and 700 51 E insouth western part of Punjab, in Tehsil Kot Adu, District Muzaffargarh .3-2Plate 3.2: An arterial road linking western part of the Punjab crosses over the barrage. Asection of the road, coming from Kot Addu and leading to Taunsa, which will also be used ascommunication line for men, materials and machinery during construction phase of theproject .. 3-3Plate 3.3: Kot Adu-Taunsa Road and Rail link for Karachi and Quetta enter the Taunsabarrage bridge as the Muzaffargarh canal (extreme left, part visible) leaves the headworks.Also passing over the bridge are the gas pipeline and oil pipe line which being undergroundin the area shown in the photograph are not visible .3-3

Plate 3.4: Road crossing over the bridge at Taunsa Barrage over which 600-700 vehicles ofdifferent types pass per day producing around 52,000 decibels of noise .3-4Plate 3.5: Railway line passing over the Taunsa Barrage. Daily 4 passenger trains (2 up and2 down) pass over the railway bridge. To ensure that the track on the bridge does not getblocked as a rule the train drivers have to ensure before passing over the bridge that thetrain, including its engine, is in perfect running order . 3-4Plate 3.6: Road, Railway line and Gas pipeline passing over the Taunsa Barrage. The gaspipeline is under the right edge of the road bridge . 3-5Plate 3.7: Old workshop of l&P Department is located close to the project site. This area willbe used (after repairs) as Project Field Office, material depot and machinery yard . 3-15Plate 3.8: An old platform near workshop which will be used as part of vehicle yard. Theplatform has, at the far end, a maintenance bay which will help in washing vehicles frombelow. A tool store is also visible on the left side of the platform. The facility is strategicallylocated near the main gate of the old workshop . 3-16Plate 3.9: The old workshop building needs heavy repairs before these can be used byResident Engineer or the Contractor . .3-16Plate 3.10: Site proposed for camp after repairs which will be a lot cheaper then constructingnew buildings of the required scale .. 3-17Plate 3.11: This building was once a mechanical engineering workshop. After repairs it canbe restored and used as such during construction by the contractor . 3-17Plate 3.12: Approach road to the old Workshop link the campus with Kot Adu Taunsa Roadseen in plate 3.2 .. 3-18

NDC I NESPAK I ATKINS (vii)


Plate 3.13: Another approach road to the southern end of the camping area available for

labour, materials and yards .................................................................. 3-18

Plate 3.14: The left guide bank extends upto 1500 ft downstream. It will be used for

conveying men, materials and machinery to the work base on the left bank ..................... 3-19

Plate 4.1: Agricultural waste is used as domestic fuel around the project area. The traffic

passing over Taunsa consist of all types of vehicles; of then a tractor trolley and bus are

visible in this picture .................................................................. 4-9

Plate 4.2: On alluvial lands in the river succession of vegetation can be seen clearly.

Grasses, sedges and typha come as early colonizers followed by Erianthus munja (munj),

Tamarix dioca (pilchi), Tamarix articulata (Frash) and Populus euphratiea ....................... 4-13

Plate 4.3: Tamarix dioca (pilchi) blossom in the wildlife sanctuary at Taunsa Barrage ..... 4-14

Plate 4.4: Stages of succession of vegetation are visible on the new alluvial sites in the

wildlife sanctuary of Taunsa barrage ................................................................... 4-14

Plate 4.5: As the Typha is replaced by Erianthus and as Erianthus is replaced by Trees, the

alluvium gets nature and along with the change in flora, the habitat for fauna also

changes ................................................................... 4-15

Plate 4.6: The level of water upstream is normally kept at RL 446 while the undersluice level

is normally RL 425. The Indus dolphin habitat was bisected in 1958. Indus dolphin has learnt

to live and survive in both the segments. it is specially protected on the upper side which is a

wildlife sanctuary and a RAMSAR site .................................................................. 4-20

Plate 4.7: Taunsa wildlife sanctuary is an ideal spot for researchers in flora as well as fauna.

A dawn in Taunsa sanctuary invites the researchers as well as photographers ............... 4-21

Plate 4.8: The wildlife sanctuary at Taunsa is also a RAMSAR site .................................. 4-21

Plate 4.9: Comparatively nature alluvial sites, like the one seen in the picture, are cherished

by black partridge, Quail, Bluebird, Jungle pigeon, Sun bird, Doves, Warblers, House

sparrow, Russian sparrow, Crows and Owls .................................................................. 4-22

Plate 4.10: Protected waters inside the Taunsa barrage wildlife sanctuary, like the one in the

picture, are a haven for migratory bids such as waterfowls whistling ducks, cranes, shorebird

and Bare headed Goose .................................................................. 4-22

Plate 4.11: Dry balas and high lands within the pond above stream the barrage, are habitats

for wild animals such a s Hog dears, Jackals, Hares, Porcupines and wild bows ............. 4-23

Plate 4.12: Calm waters in the pond behind Taunsa barrage is a recognized habitat of Indus

blind dolphin. According to an estimate above 200 dolphins presently occupy the pond area

which the wildlife population dynamists consider to be a saturation point for this predator.

However, Indus Dolphin (Platanista Minor) was included in the IUCN Red Book of

endangered species in 1976, and it still has the same status there .................................. 4-23

Plate 4.13: The Taunsa barrage upstream pond area is a RAMSAR recognized world class

safe haven for water fowls ................................................................... 4-24

Plate 4.14: A population on a constant rise, one bicycle and 13 riders ............................. 4-29

Plate 4.15: A farmer is putting typha leaves on the metalled road for the vehicles to press

over it and make it soft for typha mat (suff) making cottage industry ................................. 4-31

Plate 4.16: With control of turbulence, the fishing and social mobility by boats will increase in

downstream of the new weir ................................................................... 4-33

NDC I NESPAK I ATKINS (viii)

Executive Summary

I Puniab Barraaes Rehabilitatinn Prnipr-t Phnco I

1i


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

An Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) was carried out during theengineering and environmental study stage of project design of the Taunsa BarrageRehabilitation and modernization project including a weir to be located between 800ft. to1500 ft downstream the existing Taunsa Barrage in the river Indus as it passes throughDistrict Dera Ghazi Khan of Punjab (Pakistan). This project is phase-I of the PunjabBarrages Rehabilitation and Modernization Project. Approximate cost is about US$ 132million, financed under WB/IBRD Credit/Loan.

The Project is classified as Category "B". This category is justified because environmentalimpact will be localized over immediate project area. Nevertheless the socio-economicbenefits will disseminate all over the area where irrigation water of Taunsa barrage reaches.Taunsa barrage canal system irrigation spreads about 6 million-acre feet of water irrigating32,489 kM2, serving 11 million people.

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared in conformity with theWorld Bank Operational Manual including Operational Policy OP 4.01, Bank Procedure BP4.01 and Good Practices GP 4.01. It also takes into account the guidance on EIA which isset out in the World Bank Environment Assessment Source Book and subsequent updates.

The nature and scope of the construction works and the environmental setting of the projectare such that many of the adverse impacts often associated with river modification projectswill cause insignificant environmental impacts. No adverse impacts are anticipated in respectof sensitive habitat, wildlife or cultural heritage. In essence the already existing structure ofTaunsa Barrage will be rehabilitated, strengthened and saved. It does not warrant anyacquisition of additional land, rehabilitation or resettlement. There will be positive impactsassociated with creation of safety structure for Taunsa Barrage, increased efficiency of theirrigation system linked with Taunsa Barrage and possibly water availability for additionalkacha and inland agricultural lands. During construction, the contractors' work force isexpected to be largely recruited locally, which will enhance economic opportunities for thelocal population belonging to working age group.

When the construction of Taunsa Barrage Subsidiary Weir is completed and iscommissioned for operations, it is not likely to cause any significant noise, air or waterpollution or in any way threaten the normal control and maintenance of the upstream gamesanctuary. Nevertheless creation of a safe haven, between the existing barrage and the newstructure, will help the water biota to flourish. Also the water fall over the structure mayoxygenate the water for the aquatic life in the downstream part of the river. Even the use of

NDC I NESPAK I ATKINS 1


the borrow material from the vicinity of right and left guide bank is not likely to cause such

changes which may be irreversible or non mitigable.

Significant beneficial impacts are anticipated to result from project implementation. The most

important of these being a major improvement in the life efficiency of Taunsa Barrage

alongwith a guaranteed and increased water flow in Muzaffargarh Canal, D.G. Khan Canal

and TP Link Canal. This in turn is expected to boost up whole range of agricultural activity by

way of increased productivity and outputs and thus raise in the life quality of the

beneficiaries. With that the capacity to avail the services like clean drinking water, electricity,

education, health and marketing will increase. And that will ease pressure on the wildlife

habitat, Dolphin sanctuary and fisheries resources of riverian tract around Taunsa Barrage.

A number of pre-construction related impacts have been identified, most of them are

significant but mitigable through a sound design of the project structures. Retrogression,

uprooting of friction blocks, oblique river approach to barrage, deficient thickness of

downstream floor and damage to glacis will be eliminated. The principal concern relates to

temporary effect on the canal closures to make the river flow construction friendly. However,

through a prudent regulations the canal water supply can be kept at optimal level. Alongwith

that all potentially adverse impacts arising during construction can be mitigated satisfactorily

and residual impacts reduced to an acceptable level with the inclusion of suitable

environmental protection clauses in the construction contract document.

The "no build" option is considered inappropriate in view of the long term and wide spreadbenefits of a safe and a long term Taunsa Barrage as compared to the short term and

mitigable impacts associated with the construction phase. Construction of 4346 long

gateless weir 1500 below the main between 800-1500 barrage is the best option out of

various alternatives analyzed.

Social consultation was carried out during project study with officials and local communities.

The aim was to solicit views on the proposed project and incorporate their concerns,

demands and needs into the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Social Framework

Agreement (SFA). Indirect women consultations were carried out to incorporate gender

issues in the social assessment.

Based on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Social/Women Consultation, a

Social Framework Agreement (SFA) has been proposed. However this instrument shall be

prepared and made public when the project is approved and is ready for implementation.

The baseline data for monitoring of social and economic indicators (access to better

services, increased productivity in agriculture and better protection and conservation of wild

life, etc.,) were collected at all cardinal points in the project area.

NDC I NESPAK I ATKINS 2

iIntroduction


The Project shall be completed at a cost of approximately Rs. Eight (8) billion (US $ 132 million)

with assistance of the World Bank in 4 fiscal years.

1.2 PROJECT DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

The barrage was completed in 1958 utilizing local resources and indigenous techniques.

Eversince its commissioning, the barrage has suffered from inherent design and construction

inadequacies. Damage to gigantic hydraulic structure were noticed just after its start. In 1959,

impact blocks (41) in bays 39, 40 and 47 were uprooted. Perpetual damages had been

occurring in subsequent years and repairs carried out according to the need and safe

functioning of the structure till next closure. Several piece-meal studies have also been carried

out in the past but no long-term measures could be adopted to address the basic issues due to

resource limitation and financial constraints.

1.2.1 Problems

The problems identified in the barrage are as follows: -

* Retrogression

The tail water rating curve (the far end of turbulence) for the barrage site, which formed the

basis of its design, erred on unsafe side. It was observed in the beginning of the construction

activity that retrogression of the downstream bed was much more than its assumed limit. The

observation necessitated lowering of cistern level. The downstream floor level was lowered by 2

feet i.e., from RL 418.0 (original design) to RL 416.0 (as constructed) but this was not enough

to match with the actually obtained water level, thus resulting in an inbuilt inadequacy of tail

water depth causing further excessive retrogression. The amount of retrogression has varied

over the years but the levels have always been substantially low, giving a lower value of the tail

water depth, which results in aggravating the situation by adding to unstability of the hydraulic

jump and increasing pressure on the blocks and skin. An analysis made for 500,000 cusecs on

the actual gauges and data for July 02, 1990, indicates a Froude Number of only 3.74 and jump

efficiency of 37%. Adverse effects of retrogression experienced on Taunsa Barrage are

pulsating of hydraulic jump, damage to friction blocks, reduction in the discharge capacity of

barrage, excessive exit gradient and the increased risk of piping failure through undermining of

sub-soil under the floors, thus limiting the maximum head across the weir to 22 feet against 30

feet designed.

NDC I NESPAK I ATKINS 1-2


* Uprootinq of friction/baffle blocks with Corresponding Damace to the reinforced

skin

The top one foot thick reinforced cement concrete (1:2:5) skin was not constructed monolithic

with the underlying main mass concrete owing to which there existed a cleavage plane

between the top skin concrete and the main mass concrete. The mix ratio of 1:2.7:7 of mass

concrete was inherently quite weak. It was also of uncertain quality. The friction blocks were

constructed before laying of skin concrete and were not properly embedded in it. Under this

condition, the friction/baffle blocks are having a weak bond with underlying concrete with the

result that water impact and vibrations so produced cause cracks on the upstream of the friction

blocks and cause them to be washed away with a corresponding severe damage to reinforced

cement concrete skin and even to underlying mass concrete which suffers from fissure like

leakages. Every year many friction blocks alongwith the surrounding reinforced cement

concrete skin get damaged and their repair is a perpetual problem, which has to be carried out

in the limited period of annual closures.

* Oblique River Approach to Barrage

On account of oblique river approach to barrage from right, the exit currents on the downstream

also follow oblique direction. The oblique exit results in formation of oblique jets, which are

sometimes very strong and cause a haywire turbulence, which hamper dissipation of energy

thus worsening the condition in the stilling basin. Besides this, the extreme right handed

approach causes heavy siltation in the pocket resulting in excessive silt entry into the Dera

Ghazi Khan canal. The intake capacity of the canals has reduced and it has become difficult to

feed them with the authorized pond level of RL 446.0 ft. The right arm of the river has been

dominating throughout and its contribution has been more than 80% during the last four

decades. Dera Ghazi Khan Canal, which takes off from right flank, suffers the most because of

excessive silt entry. Two silt ejectors at RD 7500 and RD 20800 with a capacity of 1,500 cusecs

and 1,000 cusecs respectively are suffering from operational difficulties. On account of heavy

silt deposits in Dera Ghazi Khan Canal, what to say of passing ultimate designed capacity of

14,200 cusecs safely, even interim capacity of 8,900 cusecs is difficult to pass. The flow of river

from upstream has to be rationalized by evolution of a suitable pattern of approach for safe

passage of floods and ensuring feeding of the canals to the designed capacity.



* Damage to Glacis

Glacis downstream of the gate line is badly abraded. Reinforcement exposed by the eroded

concrete has also been worn away to the extent that pieces of reinforcement had fallen shortly

after commissioning of the barrage. Mechanical problems of mechanical equipment started

emanating which gradually aggravated over the period of time. Those are now posing a serious

threat to safety of the structure.

1.2.2 The Solutions

The problems enumerated above would require the following solutions:-

* A gateless subsidy weir is the most effective and viable solution for mitigating the ill effects

of retrogression of levels.

* Stilling Basin on the downstream of the barrage is short in length and needs heavy

remodeling and even grouting of downstream floor.

* Pressure pipes provided for determining the uplift pressure under the barrage structure are

mostly out of order and those few in working condition have no significance for the sensitive

and most important downstream floor. Addition of conventional pressure pipes and vibrating

wire (electronic) piezometers in selected bays/components of the barrage is a vital

requirement.

* A silt excluder is required in the right pocket to control silt entry (grade and charge) into

Dera Ghazi Khan Canal. This may have to be supplemented with widening of the right

pocket and increasing the length of the right divide wall.

* Performance of the silt ejector at RD 7500 and 20800 and the inlet at RD 19700 has been

critically analysed and suitable measures initiated. The outfall channel and the silt ejector at

RD 7500 has to be remodeled and improved.

• Raising bottom level of breast wall of Head regulator of Dera Ghazi Khan Canal.

* Training of the Indus River at Taunsa, which has been handled in piece-meal fashion, has

resulted in inefficient working and vulnerability of training structures on the right bank. A

detailed analysis would require an independent hydrological study involving collection and

processing of a large amount of data and surveys alongwith a numerical/mathematical

model coupled with physical model study results. In ultimate model, the location and

orientation of heads of training spurs should make an angle of 30 degree with the barrage

axis on either side or be based upon fresh model studies.



* The mechanical components i.e., regulation gates and hoisting arrangements need

attention and rehabilitation and automation / modernization.

1.2.3 The Engineering Design

* Subsidiary Weir

To ensure structural stability of the existing barrage, a subsidiary gateless weir 1500 feet

downstream has been designed with crest level as 424 feet. An alternate site at 800

downstream is also being considered (see plate 1.1). This shall provide 8.0 feet cushion of

water over the existing stilling basin to take care of surface and sub-surface flow inadequacies.

Further, the cistern level has been proposed as RL 408.0 to match with the present

retrogressed bed levels. The upstream sheet pile level has been kept as RL 395.0 feet and the

downstream as RL 375.0 feet (see plate 1.2 and 1.3).

! -

! __ h - -- -m---

, ~~~~~~~~~~~ -

Plate 1.2: In order to mitigate the degenerative process in the river bed below the existing weir, a gatelessweir (sill), 4346 ft long, shall be constructed across the river. Initially it was proposed at site A, 1500 ftdownstream. Another option being considered is at site B, 800 ft downstream as seen from the left bank.



B'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'-

Plate 1.3: In order to mitigate the degenerative process in the river bed below the existing weir, a gatelessweir (sill), 4346 ft long shall be constructed across the river. Initially it was proposed at site A, 1500'downstream. The option has now titled in favor of site B 800 downstream, as seen from the right bank

a Remodelingq of Right Pocket

Presently the right under sluice has four bays there is heavy silt charge/entry into Dera Ghazi

Khan Canal. As a consequence, the canal cannot be run to its authorized discharge with

normal pond level of RL 446.0 feet. A tunnel type silt excluder will be provided on the right

pocket to improve sediment entry into Dera Ghazi Khan Canal.

*Oblique River Approach

Extreme right handed approach of the river has always been vexing issue for the barrage

operators, as it generates multitude problem like heavy silt entry into the Dera Ghazi Khan

canal and oblique jets hamper dissipation of energy, thus worsening the condition in the stilling

basin.

* Mechanical Problems

The existing gate gearing system is manually operated and with the passage of time, the

operating conditions have gone bad to worse. It is very difficult to operate the gates especially



during floods owing to dented roller path, absence of roller guards and defective roller trains.

The modernization/rehabilitation of the mechanical components have been included in the

project.

Keeping in view the above hydraulic, structural and mechanical problems, the Irrigation and

Power (I&P) Department has commissioned a Joint Venture of Consultants comprising National

Development Consultants (NDC) Lahore (lead firm), and National Engineering Services

Pakistan (Pvt) Limited, (NESPAK), Lahore, in association with ATKINS, UK Consultants to

prepare designs, cost estimates, bidding documents and contract conditions for the subsidiary

weir and other allied structures. This detailed design is a part of the feasibility and detailed

design assignment. The construction shall later be awarded to successful contractors through

international competitive bidding (ICB). The Joint Venture is responsible for adequacy of the

design while the construction contractor shall be responsible for carrying out the works

according to the design/drawings and specifications approved by the Client and the donor

(World Bank has indicated intention to finance the Project) and while doing so the construction

contractor shall respect and implement all the mitigation measures identified in the

environmental management plan (EMP).

1.2.4 Implementation

Rehabilitation and Modernization Project (Taunsa Barrage) shall be sponsored by Government

of Punjab/Pakistan with financial assistance from the World Bank. Execution, operation and

management of the Project shall be responsibility of Government of the Punjab in Irrigation and

Power Department. Funds shall be channeled through the Public Sector Development

Programme (PSDP) of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The Project was cleared by the Punjab

Provincial Development Working Party (PDWP) on 21St April, 2003 for submission to CDWP.

For implementation the l&P Department has created a Project Management Organization

(PMO) headed by Unit Head, Project Manager who is assisted by a Supervision Consultants

and other required staff as per details given in the PC-I (see Organogram at Figure 8-1).

Initially, an Environment unit (EU) will be created within PMO for the Project implementation

period. After that the l&P Department will take over the operational phase and make

arrangement to carry on the function of EU.



1.3 MAIN FEATURES OF PROPOSED PROJECT

Scope of the work for Taunsa Barrage Rehabilitation and Modernization improvement works

include the following:

(i) To preserve and protect the designed capacity of Taunsa Barrage and extend its life by

constructing a sub-weir and other allied structures.

(ii) To improve and modernize the Operational capability of the barrage.

(iii) To ensure enhanced availability of canal water for future needs food and fiber

resources.

(iv) Improvement in system management.

(v) Financial sustainability of the system.

(vi) To mitigate adverse environmental impacts of the new interventions.

1.4 FIELD SURVEYS AND PUBLIC CONSULTATION

Surveys and consultations conducted in the process of preparing the EIA are summarized

below:-

* Reconnaissance Survey of Proiect Area

A preliminary survey was conducted in order to familiarize the EIA team with the physical and

socio-economic environment of the Project area and its vicinity.

* Field Surveys

Surveys were carried out in order to investigate physical, biological and socio-economic

resources falling within the immediate area of influence of the Project. Primary data collection

included:-

- Soil and physiography

- Ambient air quality at selected locations

- Traffic load and the noise generated by it at selected location along the road and railway

line passing over the barrage.

- Baseline water quality based on samples collected from various surface and ground

water sources along the river banks.



Socio-economic profiles amongst the project affectees in the project vicinity. It was

noted that no land acquisition, resettlement or rehabilitation was involved in the project.

The environmental assessment was carried out according to following process.

Table 1.1

Environmental and Social Process

Phase Activities Condition Responsibility

Screening - Reconnaissance and initial site Done NESPAK, PM

visits, and consultations. and Consultant

- Identification of issues and

applicable safeguard policies

categorization and working out an

Action Plan

ESMP Women's Consultation Done PM

Preparation Consultant

Draft ESMP Done PM

Consultant

Draft SFA Done PM

Consultant

Communities

Disclosure and Disclosure of Draft ESMP and Pending till final Project

SFA SFA approval of the Management

Agreement Project Organization,

PM, Communities

Signing of SFA Pending till Project

commencement Management

of the Project Organization,

PM, Communities

Final ESMP Final version of ESMP produced Done PM, Consultant



Implementation Monitoring and reporting on Will be done Project

and Monitoring environmental and social during Management

mitigation construction and Organization,

operation phase PM, RE, and

Communities

1.5 PUBLIC CONSULTATION

Three phased consultation programme was undertaken:

Phase 1: Consisted of meetings and discussion with local and regional officials.

Phase 2: It involved the undertaking of a programme of semi-structured discussions in

communities in the project area of influence. This included both community discussion and

discussion with women through village elders or women teachers.

Phase 3: Consisted of formal Public Hearing under Environmental Protection Act Section 12 at

a central place in the area of influence of the project (See details in Chapter 6).

1.6 WOMEN CONSULTATION

Taunsa Barrage is located in District Muzaffargarh, which is a conservative society where direct

access to women folk for social surveys like, this is not possible. Through the community elders

and women school teachers an access could be made to women in the selected localities who

would not like to get their names recorded. The women consultation was carried out according

to "Gender Issue Study" commissioned by the World Bank and is considered to be an essential

part of the project preparation.

The world Bank study and its objectives clearly overlap those required out of the current study,

which also include the Gender Impact Assessment (See details in Chapter 6).

1.7 ENVIRONMENTAL AND RESETTLEMENT ISSUES

The project activities include construction of subsidiary gateless weir (4346 long, 238 wide and

elevation RL 426) and some allied structure within the river. This will, of course, involve borrow

material, camping ground, material dumps and machinery yard. And the material and labour



shall have to be carried to the construction site. In doing all these activities no private land or

property is involved anywhere. An old workshop site alongwith 46 acres of open land are

enough for labour camp, material storage and machinery yard. For carriage of material, the

existing metalled road supported by existing link roads from old workshop and roads on two

downstream bunds shall be adequate. The sub-weir and allied structure shall be constructed

within the river flow. So, no land acquisition, resettlement and rehabilitation is involved at any

stage of the project construction or operation. Also within this self contained project no serious

environmental adverse effects are anticipated. Therefore, no significant environmental and

resettlement issues exist in this project.

1.8 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 makes it mandatory for the project

components to carry out an environmental impact assessment (EIA) of development projects

and incorporate environmental and social mitigation action as part of project planning. The

status of projects regulatory clearance is outlined in Section 2.1. The National Environment

Quality Standards (NEQS) define the limits for pollutants in Air, Water and Soil from various

sources. Extending NEQS' to the air and water quality in project area is presently under

consideration. Although there are no land acquisition, resettlement or rehabilitation issues, yet it

is noteworthy that the Land Acquisition Act 1894, regulates the acquisition of lands and built up

property, and damage to other assets such as; crops, tees and infrastructure. The Resettlement

Policy (draft) of the Government of Pakistan, when finalized and promulgated, would address

the rehabilitation and resettlement of disrupted population and restoration of their livelihood,

providing a basis for managing the resettlement needs arising from any project.

1.9 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND SAMPLING DESIGN

Although the main structure to be build is a gateless weir (a sill) to be constructed across the

river, yet it will require some support structures and will influence the entire flow of the river to

an extent that it is necessary to undertake the upstream and downstream study. For that

purpose the entire area of influence of the project was divided into following study areas:

1 ) The main gateless weir (sill) and the area between old structure and new weir (A).

2) The area downstream beyond the main weir (B)

3) The old barrage (C)

4) The game sanctuary above stream (D)

5) The upstream area and structures other than the sanctuary (E) (See Project Map at

Figure 3-1).



Each area, being different from each other would require different methodology. However the

local variations in physiography soil and microclimate were accommodated through a multi-

stage stratified proportionate sampling and adequate number of samples from different strata

were obtained. The impact studied (as and where applicable) were the terrain, topography, rock

& soil, temperature, rainfall, hydrology, air quality, noise pollution, major land use, agriculture,

flora, fauna, livestock, cultural resources, and archaeological resources. The socio-economic

and cultural aspects included sociological characteristics of potential beneficiaries / affectees,

identification of vulnerable groups, ethnic population, poverty level, social organization and

access to social infrastructure including health, education and other social indicators prevalent

in the project area.

For each study area, the study was divided into stage as follows:

Table 1.2

Study Stage for various Study Area

Study Area Stage-I Stage-lI Stage-lIl

(A) Main Project Total length across Each study area On 12 spot data

the river divided into taken as a unit of was collected on

3 parts Right, study and preformed formats

Middle & Left (study observation taken at and processed

areas) 4 spot in each study

area

(B) Area The study areas In each study area 4 On 12 sport 4 on

Downstream included right bank, study spots were each bank and 4 in

beyond Sill left bank and the selected. Areas river data collected

river influenced by spurs and processed

given significance

(C) The Old Barrage The study area was Each study spot Open 3 spots the

Weir divided into (1) left was studied for flood level was

undersluice bays (2) flood level noted and recorded

Weir bays & lock

bay (3) Right

undersluice bays



Study Area Stage-I Stage-lI Stage-lIl

(D) The Game The sanctuary was In each area data Data was compiled

Sanctuary divided into (1) river was recorded with and processed

(ii) forest area (iii) the help of transects

open areas and Quadrates

(E) Upstream Area The study area was In each point Data was compiled

above Game divided into (1) Main environment and and processed

Sanctuary weir(2) Embank- social data was

ments spur & open collected using left

areas (3) proposed transects and

structures quadrats

The data so collected for all the study areas was integrated together and was supplemented

with the secondary data whereas necessary.

1.10 THE STUDY OBJECTIVES

Specific objectives of the study can be identified as follows:

* Environmental and social assessment including the supporting administrative and legal

framework of Taunsa Barrage area.

* Baseline data on physical, biological and socio-economic conditions of the project area.

* Assessment of potential environmental and social impacts.

* Mitigation measures of potential environmental impacts.

* Institutional responsibilities and methods of monitoring the mitigation measures and

monitoring measures and monitoring procedures.

* Environmental Manage Plan (EMP).

1.11 THE REPORT STRUCTURE

This document is structured as follows:

Chapter 1: gives introduction and general information about the Project.

Chapter 2: describes the legislative and policy framework governing the project.

Chapter 3: gives an overall description of the Works to be undertaken under the Project.

Chapter 4: provides a general environmental and social baseline survey of the project area.



Chapter 5: analyses various alternatives to establish the feasibility of rehabilitation of the

barrage.

Chapter 6: Gives an account of public consultations.

Chapter 7: Environmental Impact Assessment and Mitigation of the adverse impacts has

been undertaken.

Chapter 8: contains a comprehensive Environmental Management Plan (EMP) alongwith

fixing institutional responsibilities. The report has three Annexes.

Annex 1: Questionnaire used for socio-economic study.

Annex 2: Draft Social Framework Agreement (SFA).


Policy Legal and AdministrativeFramework

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2. POLICY LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

This section provides an overview of the policy framework and national legislation that applies

to the proposed Project. The Project is expected to comply with all national legislation relating

to environment in Pakistan and to obtain all regulatory clearances required. The Project at the

same time conforms to the World Bank Operational manual 4.01.

2.1 NATIONAL POLICY AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (NCS) that was approved by federal cabinet\ in

March 1992 is the principal policy document on environment issues in the country. The NCS

outlines the country's primary approach towards encouraging sustainable development,

conserving natural resources and management of resources. The NCS has 68 specific

programmers in 14 core area in which policy intervention is considered crucial for preservation

of Pakistan's natural and physical environment. The core areas that are relevant in the context

of the proposed Project are pollution prevention and abatement, conserving biodiversity,

protecting the wildlife game sanctuary (which is also a RAMSAR site) and preservation of

cultural heritage.

Two organizations, Pakistan Environmental protections council (PEPC) and the Pakistan

Environmental Protection Agency (Pak-EPA) are primarily responsible for administering the

provisions of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997. The PEPC oversees the

functioning of the Pak-EPA. Its members are representatives of the government, industry, non

governmental organization, and the private sector. The Pak-EPA is required to ensure

compliance with NEQS and established monitoring and evaluation system. As the primary

implementation agency in the hierarchy, it is responsible for identifying the need for, as well as,

inviting legislation whenever necessary. The Pak-EPA is also authorized to delegate powers to

its provincial counterparts, the provincial EPAS (environmental protection agencies) one of the

functions delegated by the Pak-EPA to provincial EPAS is the review and approval of

environmental assessment reports of projects undertaken in their respective jurisdictions.

2.2 THE PAKISTAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT, 1997

The Pakistan Environmental Act, 1997, empowers the Pak-EPA to:-

* Delegate powers, including those of environmental assessment, to provincial EPAS

* Identify categories of projects to which the IEE/EIA provision will apply



* Develop guidelines for conducting initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and EIAS and

procedures for the submission review and approval of the same.

* Develop environmental emission standard for various parameters such as air, water and

noise.

* Enforce the provision of the Act through environmental protection order and environmental

tribunals' headed by magistrates with wide ranging powers including the right to fine

violators of the Act.

Under the provision of 1997 Act, the Pak EPA has empowered four provincial EPAS to manage

the environmental concerns of their respective provinces. The provincial EPAS can frame

environmental regulations tailored to the requirements of their provinces, provided these

regulations meet or exceed the minimum standards set by EPA. They are also required to

review and approve EIAS of all development projects undertaken in their respective provinces,

including those projects implemented by federal agencies.

2.3 REGULATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

Under section 12 (and subsequent amendment) of 1997 Act, a Project falling under any

category specified in schedule I (SRD 339, 10/2000), requires proponent to file an IEE with

concerned federal agency (Pak-EPA). Projects falling under any category specified in schedule

11 require the proponent to file an EIA with the federal agency. Within ten working days of the

IEE or EIA having been deposited the federal agency will confirm that the document submitted

is complete for the purpose of review. During this time should the federal agency require the

proponents for revision, clearly citing those aspects that need further discussion. Subsequently,

the federal agency shall make every effort to complete IEE review within 45 days and an EIA

within 90 days of filing.

Pak-EPA regulation (SRO 339(1)/2000) states that an IEE is required for federal or provincial

projects (expect in case of maintenance, rebuilding or reconstruction of existing structure) with

a total cost of less than 4.50 million. An EIA, on the other hand is required for federal or

provincial projects (except in the case of maintenance, rebuilding, or reconstruction case) with a

total cost of Rs 50 million or more. EIAS are also required in cases where projects are to be

implemented in environmentally sensitive areas, or are likely to cause adverse environmental

affects.



Recognizing that the Pak-EPA has delegated powers to provincial EPAS to enforce the

provision of 1997 Act, an EIA must be submitted to the provincial agencies in whose jurisdiction

the project falls which in this case is the Punjab Environmental Protection Agency, At the time

of application, the Project proponent is also required to pay a specified fee to the concerned

EPA.

2.4 GUIDE LINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

Pak-EPA has published environmental guidelines for preparation and review of environmental

reports which includes the nature of information to be included in the projects. The guidelines

have been duly followed while preparing this report.

2.5 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS (NEQS) 2000

The National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) 2000 specify the following standards:

* Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants, (32 parameters) in emission and liquid

industrial effluents discharged to inland water.

* Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (16 parameters) in gaseous emission

* Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants, (two parameters) in gaseous emission from

vehicle exhaust and noise emission from vehicles

* Maximum allowable noise level from vehicles

These standards apply to the gaseous emission and liquid effluents discharged by batching

plants, campsite and construction machinery. The standards for vehicle will apply during the

construction as well as operation phase of the project. Precise standards for air quality are still

awaited.

2.6 INTERACTION WITH OTHER AGENCIES

Irrigation and Power Department, Government of Punjab, is responsible for ensuring that the

Project complies with laws and regulations controlling the environmental concerns of Barrage

construction and operation and that all preconstruction requisites are met. This section

describes the nature of relationship between Irrigation and Power Department and concerned

line agencies.



* Federal and Provincial EPAS

The Irrigation and Power Department will be responsible for providing complete environmental

documentation required by Pak-EPA and provincial EPAS and remain committed to the

approved project design. No deviation is permitted during Project implementation without the

prior and explicit permission of the EPA Punjab.

* Provincial Departments of Forests and Wildlife

It is expected that project implementation will not require any major clearance of the vegetation

and trees within the Project area. Should it become necessary at my stage the Project

contractor will be responsible for obtaining a "No-objection certificate" (NOC) from the Forest

Department. The application for an NOC will need to be endorsed by l&P Department. Since

the Construction will take place in close proximity to a wildlife sanctuary (which is also a

RAMSAR site, the Irrigation and Power Department is required to coordinate with the Wildlife

Department to ensure that impacts on vegetation and wildlife are minimal.

* Provincial Revenue Departments

Under the national law, matters relating to land use and ownership are provincial subjects and

the Revenue Department Punjab is empowered to carry out acquisition of private land or built

up property for the public purpose. Since no land acquisition, settlement or rehabilitation is

required in the instant case the Irrigation and Power Department shall not have to move any

application to the revenue department in this regard.

* Local Government and Municipalities

If some resettlement, removal of any environmental hazard or any source of congestion or

pollution is involved it becomes necessary to contact the local government or Municipalities

Since no such matter exists in this project, so the l&P Department shall not be required to

correspond with the local Government and Municipalities in this regard.

2.7 OTHER ENVIRONMENT-RELATED STATUTES

This section outlines statutes, other than Pakistan Environment Protection Act, 1997, which are

relevant to the Project.



* The Constitution of Pakistan 1973

It confers concurrent legislative powers to federation and provinces to legislate in respect of

environment and ecology (Article 142(b), Clause 24). Any gaps in the environmental law can be

referred to Punjab Assembly for passage of an appropriate law.

* Pakistan Penal Code (PPC)

It treats pollution and destruction of ecology as a mischief and makes it a public offence, The

PPC further prohibits corrupting and fouling of water, any public spring, reservoir or river or

rendering it less fit for the purpose for which it is ordinarily used.

* Canal Drainage Act 1973

This Act binds the public water users to restore the environment of the water bodies, users be it

the communities, individuals, industries or a government concern.

Pubic Local Government Ordinance 1979

This empowers Zilla council to control environmental pollution by preparing and implementing

appropriate schemes to protect air, water and land.

* The West Pakistan Fisheries Act 1961

The Fisheries Act requires protection of public waters as habitat of fish and other aquatic life.

This is helping the Fisheries Department to provide effective protection to the fish and other

aquatic life in the game Sanctuary upstream the barrage and the public waters downstream the

barrage. Fish is a food to a good number of migratory birds.

The Puniab Wildlife (Protection. Preservation, Conservation and Management) Act

1974

This Act provides full protection to all the listed wildlife species and their habitats, such as

Taunsa wildlife Sanctuary (which is also a RAMSAP site).

NDC j NESPAK I ATKINS 2-5


* The Forest Act 1927

This provides full protection to the Reserved Forests, Protected Forests as well as the wildlife

sanctuaries, such as a Taunsa Barrage pond area (which is also a RAMSAP site).

* The Antiquities Act 1975

This provides full protection and safety to archives, monuments, cultural heritage or chance

finds.

* The Public Health (Emergency Provision) Act 1954 read with West Pakistan EDidemic

Control Act 1958

These two laws cover the presentation and spread of human diseases, safeguarding the public

health and providing and maintaining adequate medical services and other services essential to

the health of the communities in the project area.

* Explosives Act 1884

Under the Explosives Act 1884, the Project Contractors are bound by regulation on properly

and securely handling, transporting and using explosive during quarrying, blasting and other

purposes.

2.8 AGREEMENTS, PROTOCOLS AND UNDERSTANDIIGNS AT INTERNATIONAL

LEVEL

On international level, Pakistan is a signatory to a number of agreements, protocols and

understandings. Some of those are as follows:

* Convention on Biological Diversity

This Convention was held at Rio-de-Janeiro, also called the "Earth Summit" makes it obligatory

for all signatories to respect, protect and conserve environment of the earth, especially while

undertaking and operating new development Projects.



Convention on wetlands of international importance. esDeciallv as Waterfowl Habitat

(RAMSAR 1971)

Taunsa is a RAMSAR site for waterfowls and Pakistan is signatory to the RAMSAR convention.

This Convention enjoins upon signatory factions to provide and protect the habitats of migratory

waterfowl. Accordingly Taunsa water reservoir was declared as a wildlife sanctuary. Irrigation

and Power Department requested Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Punjab to issue No

Objection Certificate (NOC) in consultation with Public, the wildlife Department and the

Fisheries Department. Since the construction of the sub weir and all the allied activities shall

take place downstream the main barrage, it will fall outside the RAMSAR site as well as the

wildlife sanctuary. The EPA has issued the NOC (Sea Annex-IV).

* Convention on Conservation of Migratory species of Wild Animals (Bonn 1979), as a

follow uP to RAMSAR 1971

This convention came up as a follow up to RAMSAR 1971 and took care of the specifics.

2.9 FIDIC CLAUSE

Keeping in view the national laws and international obligations, specific steps are taken to

mitigate the adverse impacts, while processing the detailed design, tender document and

carrying out the monitoring and evaluation of the work of the contractor. Following FIDIC

clauses are invariably provided in a standard construction contract like that of Taunsa Barrage

Rehabilitation Project.

Table 2.1

Essential FIDIC Clause to be included in the Tender Documents and Contractors

FIDIC Clause Environmental Issues

8.2 Site operation and methods of construction

19.1 Safety, security of environment in general (including Biota)

27.1 Fossils

42.1 Possession of site and access thereto (for life forms)

42.3 Right of ways and facilities in the Project area

The Irrigation and Power Department will ensure that the above FIDIC clauses are

appropriately reflected in the Tender document as well as the contractor.


:=

3Project Description

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3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1 CONTEXT

Taunsa Barrage was constructed over a period of five years (1953-1958) Indus River at a

suitable site about 15 Km from Kot Addu. It takes its name from a town named Taunsa situated

about 30 Km upstream from the barrage site. Over past 50 years, the Barrage has facilitated an

efficient flow of irrigation water in three major canals; Muzaffargarh Canal (Discharge 8,300

cusecs), Dera Ghazi Khan Canal (Discharge 8,900 cusecs) and Taunsa-Panjnad (T-P) Link

Canal (Discharge 12,000 cusecs) supply some 6 million acre feet of irrigation water to the

cultivated lands in Districts of Muzaffargarh, Dera Ghazi Khan, Rajanpur, Rahim Yar Khan and

Bahawalpur, during "Rabi" as well as "Kharif' season. Barrage Engineers opine that ordinarily

the Barrages like Taunsa have an efficient "life" of about 50 years beyond which some old age

symptoms start showing up. The major problem has been caused by the inadequacy of the tail

water rating curve the extent of turbulence, for the barrage site. The canals taking off from

Taunsa Barrage being economic arteries for the area, the option of a damaged or dysfunctional

model is not acceptable. It is not possible to replace the structure with a new one in view of

financial constrains.

In fact, due to resource limitations and financial constraints, Taunsa Barrage has suffered from

inherent design and construction inadequacies. Damage to this gigantic hydraulic structure

were noticed just after its commissioning. In 1959 impact blocks (41) in Bay 39, 40 and 47 were

uprooted. Perpetual damages had been occurring in subsequent years and repairs carried out

according to the need and safe functioning of the structure on interim basis. The main problem

has been the tail water rating curve the extent of turbulence for the barrage site, which formed

the basis of its design, and which erred on the unsafe side. It led to retrogression of the

downstream much more than it was assumed. The downstream floor level was lowered by 2

feet i.e., from RL 418 (original design) to RL 416 (as constructed) but it was not enough to

match the actually obtained water level, thus resulting in an inbuilt inadequacy of tail water

depth causing further excessive retrogression. Hydraulic researchers have reported that the

adverse effects of the retrogression experienced on Taunsa Barrage are pulsating hydraulic

jump, damage to friction blocks, reduction in the discharge capacity of the Barrage, excessive

exit gradient and increased risk of piping failure through undermining.

The best option, therefore, is to lengthen the life of the Barrage by another 50 years by

modernizing the mechanism of the gate system and to mitigate if not eliminate, the erosion

process in the River bed, below the existing weir by constructing a 4,346 feet long gateless



weir, across the River, 800-1500 of feet from the base of the existing weir. The gateless weir

will cause partial blockage of water and by creation of a relatively static block of water the water

flow will come near the surface and the water will spill over the gateless weir and continue

flowing downstream. This EIA pertains to the construction at the gateless weir as explained

above.

3.2 PROJECT LOCATION AND DIMENSIONS

Taunsa Barrage, built over River Indus is located at 300 31 N and 700 51 E in the south-west

part of the Punjab in Tehsil Kot Adu of District Muzaffargarh. An arterial road linking western

part of the Province also crosses over the Barrage besides a rail link for Quetta and Karachi

and a sui gas main pipe line (See plates 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, and 3.5).

, t ,. '~~~~~~-.f ,,

Plate 3.1: Taunsa Barrage built over River Indus, is located at 300 31 N and 700 51 E in south westernpart of Punjab, in Tehsil Kot Adu, District Muzaffargarh.

NDC INESPAK I ATKINS 3-2


Plate 3.2: An arterial road linking western part of the Punjab crosses over the barrage. A section of theroad, coming from Kot Addu and leading to Taunsa, which will also be used as communication line formen, materials and machinery during construction phase of the project.

ME

Plate 3.3: Kot Adu-Taunsa Road and Rail link for Karachi and Quetta enter the Taunsa barrage bridgeas the Muzaffargarh canal (extreme left, part visible) leaves the headworks. Also passing over the bridgeare the gas pipeline and oil pipe line which being underground in the area shown in the photograph arenot visible.



Plate 3.4: Road crossing over the bridge at Taunsa Barrage over which 600-700 vehicles of different typespass per day producing around 52,000 decibels of noise.

-~ ~ ~ ~~4 r

~~-....J= ZW

:~~~~~~~~~~~~~- 9

Plate 3.5: Railway line passing over the Taunsa Barrage. Daily 4 passenger trains (2 up and 2 down) passover the railway bridge. To ensure that the track on the bridge does not get blocked as a rule the train



drivers have to ensure before passing over the bridge that the train, including its engine, is in perfectrunning order.

Plate 3.6: Road, Railway line and Gas pipeline passing over the Taunsa Barrage. The gas pipeline isunder the right edge of the road bridge.

The proposed project is a 4,346 feet sill or a subsidiary weir 800-1,500 feet downstream has

been proposed with crest level as 424.00 feet. This shall provide 8.00 feet cushion of water

over the existing stilling basin to take care of the surface and sub-surface flow inadequacies.

Further, the cistern level has been proposed as RL 408.0 feet to match with the present

retrogressed bed level. The upstream sheet pile level has been kept at 395.0 feet and the

downstream as RL 375.0 feet. Alongwith this main structure, remodeling of right pocket,

deflection spur for correction of the oblique river approach and undertaking of some mechanical

works has been included in the Project (See Figure 3-1 for elevation of the weir).

3.3 MAIN FEATURES OF THE PROJECT

The Taunsa barrage has a designed capacity of 1 000,000 cusecs. It comprises:

* Seven (7) left under sluice bays (Span 60 ft each)

* Four (4) right under sluice bays (Span 60 ft each)

* Fifty three (53) main weir bays (Span 60 ft each)

* Fish ladders of 1 1 ft span on left and right flanks.



* Navigation bays of 22 ft span.

* Upstream and downstream impervious floors of concrete and with raised crest in

between.

* Upstream and downstream store protection.

* Concrete abutments on left and right sides with U/S and D/S flares out walls of RCC.

* Head regulators of Muzaffargarth Canal (8285 cusecs), on left bank.

* T.P. Link Canal (12,000 cusecs), on left bank.

* D.G. Khan Canal (14,200 cusecs) taking off from right flank.

* Rail and Road Bridges.

* Gates and hoist foe control of river supplies and regulation of flows in the canals.

* Facilities foe crossing two 16 inches diameter oil and gas pipelines, telephone line and

EHV transmission line.

(See plates 3.1 to 3.6)

3.4 FIELD INVESTIGATION

Field investigations depict the following picture: -

* River oblique approach:

River approach remains persistently right handed and flow patterns do not change with

variation in discharge this has been necessitating deviation this has been wedge type

regulation.

* Downstream Right under sluice area developing cavities

There are voids in sub surface interpreted depth of cavities/solution channels varies from 9

to 13 ft. from general surface and width varies from 5 to 8 ft.

* Downstream Main Weir Area developing Cavities

There are voids in the subsurface with interpreted depth varying from 6 to 1Oft. indicating

presence of voids/cavities within and just below concrete mass.



! Downstream Left under sluice Area developing Weak Zones and Cavities:

Cavities have been observed in bays # 2,3,4 and 5. Drilling has confirmed presence of large

cavities and crack, in concrete mass. Gravity surveys show better sub-surface condition in

bays # 6+7.

* Pressure Pipes and uplift pressure

Pressure pipes are malfunctioning and are unreliable.

* Bridge on Taunsa Barrage and Canal Head Regulators

The bridges on barrage and canals head regulations are safe for class A, NLC and 70 Ton

Tank loadings.

* Sub-Surface Condition

General investigations for foundation alluvium indicate that there are locations where

separation loose contact of downstream floor with the foundation alluvium or even cavities

can be expected.

* Downstream Flow Conditions

Downstream the Taunsa Barrage, there has been exercise retrogression of the riverbed

downstream of basin, which has caused serious drop in the tail water level (the end part of

the high velocity flow coming out of the under sluice bay). As a result, the stilling basin (the

area where energy of falling water is dissipated) has been rendered shorter than required

and its floor level higher than required, and hence the energy dissipation is incomplete. The

tail water level needs to be restored to original values for which the stilling basin was

designed.

* Physical Health of Barrage Components:

The barrage has been suffering from serious hydraulic problems ever since its construction.

Added to that are the above-enumerated problems. Cumulatively all these factors have

caused structural inadequacy and deteriorated stilling basin and down stream left sidewall



has flared out. Causing repeated settlement in the back fill due to open joints between

concrete blocks and absence of proper filter behind the wall with into provision of pressure

release.

3.5 MAIN FEATURES

Salient features of the Taunsa Barrage are summarized as follows:

* Maximum flood discharge (designed) =1,000,000 Cusecs

* Maximum flood level = 446.00

* Highest flood level U/S and emergency pond level = 447.00

* Highest flood level D/S = 444.00

* Right under sluice (bays No. 62 to 65) = 4 No. 60ft span each

* Weir (bays No. 9 to 61) = 53 No of 60ft span each

* Navigation block Channel (bay No. 8) = 1 No. 22ft. span

* Fish ladders = 2 No. 22ft. span

* Width of pier and divide wall = 7ft. each

* Total width between flanks = 4346 ft

* Crest RL in under sluice bays and navigation bay = 425.0 ft

* Crest RL in weir bay = 428.0 ft

* U/S floor RL in under sluice = 429.0 ft

* U/S floor RL in weir = 421.0 ft

* D/S floor RL in under sluice = 415.0 ft

* D/S floor RL in weir = 416.0 ft

* Depth of sheet piles

i. U/S = 15ft

ii. Middle (toe of glacis) = 15ft

iii. End of floor = 20 ft

* Total length of impervious floor

i. Under sluice bay = 238 ft

ii. Weir bay = 233 ft

* No of presence pipes installed/planned = 541/579

* Road bridge (width for wheeled traffic) = 24 ft

(width of foot paths on L+R) = 6 ft. each

* Top RL of bridge = 457.00



* Bottom RL of bridge = 452.00

* Top RL of decking of overhead regulating bridge = 500.00

* Crest RL of off taking canals = 433.00

* FLS in the canals = 444.00

* Number of canal bay

i. Muzaffargarth Canal = 5 No. of 24ft span each

ii. D.G. Khan Canal = 7 No. of 24ft span each

iii. T. P. Link Canal = 7 No. of 24ft span each

* D/S floor RL in Canal

i. Muzaffargarth Canal = 430.15

ii. D.G. Khan Canal = 432.28

iii. T. P. Link Canal = 428.16

* Length of left marginal bund 134,700 ft

* New gateless weir proposed Length = 4346 ft

Width = 238 ft

RL Crest =426 ft

Distance from

main Barrage =800 ft - 1500 ft

SPECIAL FEATURES

Taunsa Barrage is not only a conventional barrage; it is a multipurpose complex providing

following services:

Irrigation facilities to 2.35 million acres (951,400 hectors) in Muzaffargarth, D.G. khan

and Rajanpur Districts and lower reaches of Rangpur Canal command areas.

ii. Converting inundation Canal systems into weir regulated irrigation system.

iii. Accommodates rail-road crossing for district link between Kot Adu on the left bank

and Kashmore and on the right bank of Indus River thus providing a continuous rail

road from Attock to Kotri on the right (western) bank of Indus River.

iv. Accommodates a class 70/AA loading Arterial Road Bridge.

v. Accommodates a 16 dia high-pressure pipeline owned by PARCO for conveying

petroleum flows from Karachi to upcountry storage at Mahmood Kot Terminal.



vi. Accommodates a 16 dia pressure (1200 psi) gas pipeline owned by Sui Northern

Pipe Lines Ltd (SNGPL) providing upcountry link for Dhodhak Gas Field.

vii. Facilities a telephone line and EHV transmission line crossings.

viii. Feeds the T.P. link canal to supplement supplies required at Panjnad Headworks for

Panjnad and Abbasia Canal System.

CANAL SYSTEM

* Main Features of Canals at Head,

Canal Design Discharge (Cusecs) Bottom width (feet) Water depth (feet)

Muzaffargarth 8,282 200 11.8

D.G. Khan 14,200 Including Dajal 260 12.0

TP link 12,000 Maximum capacity 14,000 260 12.2

* Canal length (canal miles)

Total length of main canals, branches, feeders Canal and T.P. link canal miles (535 km) and

that of distributaries and minor in 1480 canal miles (2,255) as shown below: -

Particulars Muzaffargarth D.G. Khan T.P. link Total

i. Main Canal 74.0 69.0 10.2 183.2

ii. Branches 81.5 78.4 159.9

iii. Feeder canal 8.3 8.3

Sub Total of 155.5 155.7 40.2 351.4

(i) + (ii) + (iii) = A

iv. Distributaries 518.3 864.3 1382.6

v. Minors 9.6 87.9 97.6

Sub Total of 527.9 952.2 1480.1

(iv) + (v) = B

Total length of 683.4 1107.9 40.2 1831.5

channels A+B



* One silt ector on Muzaffargarth canal at RD 4,418 and the other at D.G. Khan canal

at RD 20,800 were originally provided for extracting substantial quantity of silt from

the two canals. The ejector on D.G. Khan Canal after running for a few reasons lost

its function because of choking of it, outfall channel, which was about 18 miles (27

Kms) long. Need for another silt of ejector at better location was therefore felt. On

recommendation of Irrigation Research institute (IRI) the second sit ejector was

constructed in 1974 at RD 7,500.

* Twenty (20) cross drawings structures; Sixteen (16) syphons three (3) super passage

and one siphon aqueduct are provided on D.G. Khan canal to safely pass flood water

of hill torresits under/over the mountains. Discharge of torrents at canal crossing sites

range from 200 to 4000 cusecs.

3.6 WORKS AND MATERIALS

3.6.1 Estimated Quantities of Material

Sr.No. Item Quantities

01. Earthwork excavation in foundation of building, bridge, etc., in 34.956.902 cft.

ordinary soil

02. Extra earthwork for Slush 4,859,000 cft.

03. Driving steel piles 240,864 sft.

04. Supply of steel sheet piles 2,890 tons

05. Supplying and Filling sand under floor or plugging in walls 13,564,029 cft.

06. Reinforcement cement concrete (1:1-1/2:3) in raft / strip 6,741,162 cft.

formation etc.

07. Reinforced cement concrete (1:1-1/2:3) in slabs, columns and 252,569 cft.

beams

08. Fabrication of miled steel reinforcement (Deformed Bar) 164,676 cwt.

09. Precast cement concrete solid or face blocks (1:2:4) including 818,768 cft.

templates

10. Cement concrete plain (1:3:6) 184,640 cft.

11. Extra work for weir, rail, etc. 1,255,977 cft.

12. Providing and laying shingle (for inverted filter). 217,300 cft.

13. Providing and laying stone filling dry hand packed as filling 104,304 cft.

behind retaining walls or pitching in apron

14. Supply and filling stone in wire crates including serving crates 4,085,200 cft.



Sr.No. Item Quantities

15. Providing and wearing G.l. wire netting for G.I. wire crates 8,528,754 sft.

16. Providing and laying stones pitching for top layers only on 255,758 cft.

slope

17. Providing and laying stone or spawl filling on slope 137,738 cft.

18. Carriage of stone from Sakhi Sarwar to site of 5,270,402 cft.

19. Extra carriage of stone from stock to site 4,493,720 cft.

20. Supply and filling new jute bags 4-5 feet capacity with 3,782,625 Nos

sand/earth serving and laying in position under water

21. Carriage of jute bags 4-5 cft. Capacity filled with sand or earth 3,782,625 Nos

22. Earthwork excavation from outside borrow pits at distance of 5 45,532,478 cft.

miles

23. Compaction of earthwork with power road roller including 11,440,000 cft.

ploughing, mixing, moistening earth to optimum moisture

contents in layers

Extra for re-handling of earth lead 1500 feet 37,943,732 cft.

24.

25. Extra for puddling of earth 37,943,732 cft.

26. Lowering sub-surface water level 15,890 m.cft.

27. Light arrangements 1,080 Nights

28. Providing and laying, cutting, jointing, testing G.l.pipes 2 " dia 92,640 Rft.

29. Filter/Strainer 8,685 Rft.

3.6.2 Raw Material Availability

Sr.No. Raw Material Availability Source

01. Borrow Material/Earth Available locally within 5 miles radius

02. General and Stone/Shingle Available at 70 miles (Sakhi Sarwar)

03. Aggregate Available 70 miles away

04. Sand Available Locally

05. Clean Water for Specific Uses Available Locally

06. Other Water for Compaction, etc. Available Locally

07. Rip-rap and other purpose stone Available 7 miles away

08. Reinforcing Bars Available in regional market

09. G.l. Pipes Available in regional market



10. Cement Available in regional market

11. Steel Beam Available in regional market

12. Steel Rail Available in regional market

13. Fuels Available locally / regionally

14. Bricks Available locally / regionally

15. Steel Piles Available in the regional market

16. Steel Sheet Piles Available in the regional market

17. Jute Bags Available locally / regionally

3.7 SCOPE OF IMPROVEMENT WORKS

3.7.1 Proposed Improvements

* To ensure structural stability of existing barrage, construction of a subsidy weir 1500 feet

downstream to provide a cushion water and shall mitigate the effect of hydraulic jump.

* To improve the system to an extent that all canals, particularly the Dera Ghazi Khan Canal

runs at full capacity.

Extreme right handed approach of the river improved.

3.7.2 Design Criteria

* Subsidiary gateless weir

Location: 800-1500 feet downstream, providing 8 feet cushion of water. Cistern level proposed

at RL 408 to match with the present retrogression. The upstream sheet pile at RL 395 feet and

downstream as RL 375 feet.

* Remodelling of Right Pocket

Right undersluice has 4 bays and its divide wall is of shorter length. Three more bays to be

added.

* Mechanical Problems

Gate gearing system to be made electronic.


I


3.8 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE

The total programme shall span over about 48 month.

1. Feasibility, Design & Contracts : 15 months

2. Construction Work 42 months

3. Adjustment Time : 03 months

Total 60 months

The above schedule is subject to following conditions:

(i) The PC-I is cleared by CDWP and EAD

(ii) Funds are released well in time

(iii) A well set Project. Monitoring Plan is included in the Project Plan

3.9 CONSTRUCTION LOGISTICS

3.9.1 Labour Camps

It has been estimate that following shall be the nominal requirements for various classes of

workers/Labour.

1. Skilled Workers = 200

2. Semiskilled = 300

3. Unskilled = 1500

Total = 2000

(Also see table 6.4)

At least 70% of the labour shall have to accommodated on the labour camp established by the

contractor. Other 30% of the labour will come and go to their nearby homes. Preferably all

unskilled labour shall be employed locally but most of them will like to avail free facility at the

camp.

An old workshop located on the left bank at a distance of 1 km from the main road and 4 Km

from the work site has been proposed as the labour camp. The accommodation can be

arranged by repairing the existing workshop buildings, and if required, partly by constructing

temporary hutments on adjacent open land owned by Irrigation & Power Department. An old



mosque and a dispensary already exist nearby. Other facilities can be provided by the

contractors which may also include daily sprinkling of water on 1 km long kacha link road, a ban

on culting of trees, fence around the labour camp and providing hygienic environment to the

labour camp. Sub-soil water on the labour campsite is sweet and the site is not near any village.

The site can facilitate establishment of a field office for the Resident Engineer (RE) and his

Assistants, as well as the contractor. That would facilitate any easy command and control

system. (See plates 3.6, 3.8,3.7,3.9,3.11,3.12). Also see project map for logistics (Figure 3-2).

Plate 3.7: Old workshop of I&P Department is located close to the project site. This area will be used(after repairs) as Project Field Office, material depot and machinery yard.

NDC I NESPAK IATKINS 3-15


Plate 3.8: An old platform near workshop which will be used as part of vehicle yard. The platform has, atthe far end, a maintenance bay which will help in washing vehicles from below. A tool store is also visibleon the left side of the platform. The facility is strategically located near the main gate of the old workshop.

1-.jI

Plate 3.9: The old workshop building needs heavy repairs before these can be used by Resident Engineeror the Contractor.



s ....-- --* S

4cC

~~~~~~~~~~~w -

Plate 3.10: Site proposed for camp after repairs which will be a lot cheaper then constructing newbuildings of the required scale.

vw '-' S ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'nX Z

Plate 3.11: This building was once a mechanical engineering workshop. After repairs it can be restoredand used as such during construction by the contractor.



r~~~~~~~~~~~M

-5-

Plate 3.12: Approach road to the old Workshop link the campus with Kot Adu Taunsa Road seen in plate3.2.

-~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ._4fi

~~~~~~~~.. t ' -*, -, _t. ; _- '1F-

Plate 3.13: Another approach road to the southern end of the camping area available for labour,

materials and yards.



...

s_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~E

Plate 3.14: The left guide bank extends upto 1500 ft downstream. It will be used for conveying men,materials and machinery to the work base on the left bank.

3.9.2 Equipment and Machinery Yard

In order to cordon the weir and undersluice bays for creating water free conditions to repair,

rehabilitate and carry out new construction following equipment/machinery has been provided: -

* Floating balla Head = 6 No.

* Tug Boats = 2 No.

* Boats = 3 No.

* Crane 80 Ton capacity = 1 No.

* Construction of Jetty/Stockyard = 1 No.

* Trucks 30 Ton capacity = 8 No.

* Loader/Dumber = 8 No.

* Concrete mixers = 8 No.

* Pick ups single Cab = 8 No.

* Water sprinklers = 2 No.

* Water Tanks carriers = 4 No.

* Transport for Labours (Bus) = 1 No.

* Other equipment envisaged by the contractor

* Spare parts for the above machinery/equipment



Adjacent to the old workshop, now proposed as a labour camp there is an Irrigation & Power

Department land, area 46 acres, part of which has been offered as an Equipment yard. The site

is easily accessible easily through the same link road which connects the labour camp to the

main road. Located in the open and away from any habitation, the yard is likely to cause

minimum environment impacts. The access road, however, may have to be graded, watered

and compacted from time to time to ensure a dust free by the machinery. If necessary

temporary sheds can be constructed, on the yard site, for keeping the machinery safe from the

weather effects. Being close to the labour camp and the command and control centre of the

field operations, security and supervision shall pose no problems (See plate 3.7, 3.110).

3.9.3 Material Depots

On part of 46 acres of Irrigation & Power Department land, as per mutual understanding to be

reached between the RE and the contractor, the contractor can be allowed to dump his

construction materials. As per convenience of the contractor, the mixing can be done within the

depot and then conveyed to the construction site, from where it can be conveyed to exact

construction point by conveyor belts or suction pipes. If such a practice is resorted to, it may

add additional load on the kacha link road from the camp site to the main road. For that an

additional provision can be made for good maintenance of the link road. Being close to the RE's

field office, the arrangement would facilitate an effective quality control and convenient

monitoring of the progress (see plate 3.1 1).

3.9.4 Work Bases

Two work bases have been proposed towards the ends of the two guide banks, downstream

the existing barrage. The left guide bank (see plate 3.13) ends near fishermen huts and the

right bank ends at a short distance from village Faqirwali. From main road, the roads on tops of

the guide bunds (after a little widening) shall be used to convey materials from main road to the

construction points. Both the work bases are located on Irrigation & Power land, and the roads

on top of the two guide bunds are also on the Irrigation & Power lands, so no social problem is

expected at any stage. Also the construction points shall be virtually delivery point for the mix

material, so no pollution is expected to be caused to the ambient air, water or land. Modification

and maintenance of the surface of the bunds shall have to be done to ensure a dust free use

during dry weather and mud free trafficability during rainy season. There are no permit or

temporary habitation along the route or near it or on the work place.



3.9.5 Approaches to Work Site

The RE's office, contractors camp, the labour camp, machinery yard and material depot, shall

all be located in an around the abandoned workshop site and will also occupy part of Irrigation

& Power Department land located adjacent to the old workshop. From there the men,

machinery and materials shall be conveyed to the existing Kot Addu-Taunsa double lane

metalled road via 1 Km kacha road. After traveling on the metalled road for about 4 Km, a turn

along the left bank will lead to the work site at the end of a modified left guide bank. To reach

the work site on the right bank, the metalled road over the barrage shall lead to the turning point

on the right bank and then onto the work site on the right bank via the modified right guide

bank. These approaches are not likely to cause any significant environmental and social

problems for the construction programme.

3.10 ESTIMATED COST OF PROJECT

Estimate capital cost emprises the of the basic cost, escalation (price contingencies) at 4%

on local and 2% on foreign cost components per annum, and the interest during construction

at the rates of 14% and 3% for local and foreign cost component respectively. Basic cost

includes provisions for the estimated expenditures concerning the following main

components: -

I. Sub weir located 1500 feet downstream of existing barrage.

II. Silt excludes in the right pocket.

Ill. Strengthening of downstream floor and glacis of the existing stilling basin.

IV. Improvement on the existing river training walls and related model studies

Estimate capital cost of the project cross to Rs. 8232.22 million, which is composed of base

cost (Rs. 6154.80 million), physical contingencies (Rs. 184.64 million), price esealation (Rs.

434.72 million), taxes and duties (Rs. 504.84 million), interest during construction (Rs.

1253.22 million). Adequate provision has been made for certain market ancillary work such

as dewatering, model studies, vehicles and equipment, strengthening of existing barrage.

Taking the above quoted Feasibility figures as the closest estimate, the approximate cost of

the project can taken as Rs. 82,00.00 million. Cost weir this is a mega project for which a

comprehensive ESIA is estimate hence this study.



3.11 THE PROJECT CATEGORY AS PER APPLICABLE STANDARDS AND CRITERIA

According to the World Bank Operational Manual OP 4.01 the Projects are Classified, for the

purpose of screening into one of the four categories; A, B, C and Fl, depending upon the type,

location, sensitivity and scale of the project and the nature and magnitude of its potential

environmental impacts. The proposed project aims at improving and modernizing the

operational capability of Taunsa Barrage so its impacts shall be essentially local though

irreversible. As per screening done according to the World Bank specification and as per criteria

of the Government of the Punjab (Pakistan), the Taunsa Barrage Project as a part of the

Punjab Barrages Rehabilitation and Modernization Project qualifies to be classified as Category

"B" Project.

3.12 PROJECT OBJECTIVES

Main objectives of Taunsa Barrage Rehabilitation Project are as follows:

* To save the existing barrage structure and to run it at full design capacity, by

construction of a sill downstream.

* To improve and modernize the operational capability of the barrage.

* To ensure enhanced availability of canal water by running them at full capacity, leading

to enhancement in food and fiber crops.

* To cause improvement in System Management.

* Mitigate adverse environmental impacts of the new interventions.

By above quantities there shall be material interventions on the Project Site.

3.13 CONCLUSION

The proposed design fully secures the rehabilitation of old barrage. At the cost of only

rehabilitation, the advantages of a new barrage have been achieved. The physical life of the

old barrage, after rehabilitation and modernization shall be extended by another 50 years.

The design discharge is calculated at 1,000,000 (10 lac) cusecs to ensure that maximum

anticipated flood can pass which so far has not crossed 8 lac cusecs.

The highest pond level has been experienced twice over past 10 years and that was RL 448.

At that level there has been no damage or upsetness in the wildlife sanctuary or ecosystem



of the river upstream or downstream. The new design envisages to keep the pond level at

RL 446 by running the canals at their present capacity. At that level, the shoreline of the

pond will not change and no change will take place in the land water ratio in the habitate of

the wildlife sanctuary or the RAMSAR site. The pond level being at RL 446 during summer

as well as winter, the canals shall receive full design capacity during summer and drinking

water supply during winter. There is neither any increase in the crest level nor in the head

across or the upstream water level. The stated pupose of rehabilitation, to ensure the safety

of structure and not storage of more water shall be achieved.


4Environmental and Social Baseline

I

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i

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4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE

4.1 PROJECT AREA OF IMPACT (Aoi)

The area of project influence is referred to as "Area of Impact" (AOl); the area within the river

and in the immediate vicinity which will be impacted directly or indirectly by the project during

construction and operational phases. Although the major construction activities shall remain

restricted to the river corridor, yet the situation in which construction related activities will extend

beyond the river waters include:-

* The labour camp site, project and contractor's camps, equipment and machinery yards and

material depots.

* Borrowing sites for soil materials.

* Quarrying aggregate materials.

* Construction of haul tracks in order to transport construction material.

Aoi has been delineated on the Project Area Map at Figure 1-1.

As per geographical positioning, Taunsa Barrage is located on Indus River at 300 31 N and 700

51 E in the south-western part of Punjab in Tehsil Kot Addu of District Muzaffargarh. The

canals off-taking from this barrage irrigate three Districts namely; Dera Ghazi Khan, Rajanpur

and Muzaffargarh, besides transferring water through Taunsa Panjnad Link for Rahim Yar

Khan District. Population of all these Districts is over 12 million with an area of 17,500 sq. miles

(44,800 sq. Kms). An arterial road linking eastern and western parts of the province also

crosses over the barrage besides a rail link for Quetta and Karachi and a natural gas pipeline

supplying gas to KAPCO and southern Punjab alongwith Kot Addu Thermal Power Station a

16 dia PARCO pipe line conveying pumped petroleum products from Karachi terminal to mid-

country storages at Mehmood Kot Terminal.

4.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

4.2.1 Geology

The project area consists of alluvial plains, fine to course grained soil and dominated with

deposits having calcareous nature. The part of the area lying on the western end comprises

piedmont plains of expanding type of clay, which form deep and wide cracks on drying.



4.2.2 Physiography

The project area consists of the Indus River upstream and downstream Taunsa Barrage. The

area in the vicinity is situated in the active flood plains on either side of the Indus River. A part

of the area falling on the right bank is situated on the piedmont plains extending from Sulaiman

Range. The piedmont plains are dominated by alluvial fans developed along he torrents flowing

eastward down the mountains. On the contrary, the northern part of the left bank is mostly

covered with rolling sand plains/dunes and interdunal depressions. Considerable part of sandy

area is currently under cultivation.

4.2.3 Soil Type

The river bed and the flood plain soils are calcarious and contains variable amount of lime (3 to

16%). The electrical conductivity of saturation extract (ECE) of normal soils ranges from 0.4 to

3.9 ms/cm and for saline soils from 4.1 to 220 ms/cm. The pH of normal soils ranges from 7.9

to 8.4 and that of saline/sodic soils can be as high as 9.1. The soils are deficient in available

phosphorus and organic matter.

The soils of piedmont plains are clayey of an expending type, which form deep and wide cracks

on drying. All piedmont soils are moderately to strongly calcarious. The EC of normal soils

ranges from 0.9 to 3.4 ms/cm and for saline soils 4.6 to 300 ms/cm. The pH of normal soils

ranges from 7.4 to 8.1 and for saline soils 7.2 to 8.0.

4.2.4 Land Use

On an average, within the direct influence of the river and in the immediate vicinity of the project

area, 70% of the area is under agriculture, 10% under orchards and 20% is open forest scrub

cum grazing lands, as shown in Figure 4-1A.

/ penScrub, 20%.

Orc

Figure 4-1: Land use pattern inarea of influence (Aoi) of theproject



4.2.5 The River and Hydrologic Regime at Barrage

Mighty Indus flows through Taunsa Barrage displaying a hydrological regine given in para 3.5

ante. Linked with that are the following important features of the hydrological picture:

* Canal Regulators:

Dera Ghazi Khan Muzaffargarh Canal T-P Link Canal

No. of Bays Canal

Clear Span 7 5 7

24 24 24

Designed

Discharge 14,200 cusecs 8,285 cusecs 12,000 cusecs

* Flood Data Taunsa Barrage

Table 4.1

Flood Limits as used

Sr.No. Discharge in lacs (100,000) of cusecs Flood Status

01. Below 2.50 Normal (N)

02. 2.5 to 3.75 Low (L. F)

03. 3.75 to 5.00 Medium (M.F)

04. 5.00 to 6.50 High (H.F)

05. 6.50 to 8.50 Very High (V.H.F)

06. 8.5 to 10.00 Exceptionally High (E.H.F)

* Flood Data For Past 46 Years

Table 4.2

Date UIS D/S UIS DIS Flood

Pond Level Level Peak Peak Status

Discharge Discharge

1 2 3 4 5 6

21-07-1958 441.80 441.60 760,784 760,784 VHF

10-07-1959 440.50 437.30 518,000 518,000 HF



Date UIS D/S UIS D/S Flood


Discharge Discharge

21-07-1960 444.00 437.30 515,687 509,300 HF

27-07-1961 443.00 433.20 476,374 476,374 MF

26-07-1962 444.00 431.88 340,113 330,613 LF

18-07-1963 444.00 431.45 368,631 354,813 LF

15-07-1964 443.00 432.60 504,340 502,340 HF

01-08-1965 443.00 432.80 438,257 438,257 MF

07-07-1966 446.00 434.48 516,118 516,118 HF

31-07-1967 446.00 432.70 471,136 457,053 MF

18-07-1968 446.00 432.05 446,609 431,179 MF

30-07-1969 446.00 431.70 471,705 464,705 MF

08-07-1970 446.00 430.70 384,614 368,304 LF

13-08-1971 446.00 430.35 406,691 392,891 MF

02-07-1972 445.26 430.50 399,450 371,212 LF

23-071973 447.00 432.60 570,087 567,627 LF

31-08-1974 446.25 431.50 376,941 368,941 LF

26-08-1975 446.00 432.55 524,495 524,495 HF

07-08-1976 445.00 433.60 677,105 675,233 VHF

21-07-1977 445.50 433.60 459,748 443,348 MF

14-07-1978 446.00 431.25 509,922 508,402 HF

08-08-1979 446.50 430.50 398,069 388,069 LF

13-08-1980 448.80 431.85 435,133 425,233 MF

17-08-1981 446.20 430.90 402,391 392,091 MF

21-08-1982 447.00 432.00 391,899 375,499 MF

10-08-1983 447.50 434.10 504,189 502,189 HF

20-08-1984 446.80 434.50 512,194 509,694 HF

04-08-1985 446.50 433.75 318,690 306,680 LF

10-08-1986 447.50 435.20 512,769 505,069 HF

26-08-1987 446.50 432.60 329,204 313,204 LF

21-07-1988 446.50 435.40 583,416 580,916 HF

05-08-1989 447.00 434.40 560,630 558,630 HF

02-08-1990 446.90 434.30 517,652 502,152 HF

08-07-1991 445.00 432.00 434,147 422,947 MF



Date UIS D1S UIS DIS Flood


Discharge Discharge

14-09-1992 446.00 434.70 655,879 654,579 HF

28-07-1993 446.00 432.50 305,302 381,302 MF

19-07-1994 444.00 436.70 574,602 574,602 HF

30-07-1995 446.00 434.70 611,937 611,939 HF

20-08-1996 448.00 432.30 521,708 518,208 HF

30-08-1997 447.00 432.50 536,199 534,199 HF

18-07-1998 447.00 431.50 528,843 519,881 HF

06-08-1999 447.00 430.70 404,525 382,925 MF

05-08-2000 447.40 429.40 227,605 209,405 N

27-07-2001 445.60 430.30 281,873 281,873 LF

17-08-2002 447.00 429.30 335,166 306,605 . LF

07-08-2003 447.00 430.90 431,277 421,177 MF

* Monthly Hydrocraphy

Hydrography for 5 years depicts the month wise river behavior from your 1999 to year 2003 as

detailed below: -

Figure 4.2 The Hydrograph chows the U/S water level for the year 1999. Maximum level

(447) is seen in May to October period. June to August is the period

experiencing maximum flood level at RL 447, while and December and

January are the months with the lowest water level at RL 429-430.

Figure 4.3 The Hydrograph shows the U/S water levels for the year 2000. Maximum level

(447.7) is seen in July and August. The hydrograph almost floolows the picture

of the previous year 1999 i.e. June to August is the period with highest flood

level, while December and Juanyar are the months with lowest flood level.


(447.7 - 447.6) s seen in June to September period. It is a year with higher

temperature range and higher rainfall. The high flood started from May and

continued upto September.


(448) is seen in July and August. Year 2002 has followed the pattern of 2001.




(448) is seen in June-September. Year 2003 is expceptionally hot year when

the rainfall was early and the snow related speedily. High flood level

experience from Maarch to October.

Figure 4.7 The Hydrograph present a consolidated level picture of five years: 1999-2003.

Figure 4.8 The Hydrograph gives a month wise comparison of levels over five years

1999-2003. High flood levels seen from June to August.

Figure 4.9 The Hydrography showing month wise combined Head across 1999-2003.

See the minimum notch downwards in December, January and February

while rest of year shows upwards trend and higher flood are in May to August

period.

4.2.6 Water Resource for the Vicinity Area

* Surface Water

Main surface water for the fishermen hamlets and nearby villages is the Indus River itself which

has an average discharge of 500,000 cusecs. Taunsa Barrage was basically designed to

handle waters upto 1,000,000 cusecs. So, the quantity of water flowing through the gates of

weir has never caused any problem regarding discharge. But some other problems are

retrogression, oblique river approach to the barrage and deficient thickness of downstream floor

and damage to glacis. (See plate 4.1)

Major use of the surface water is irrigation. The irrigated area is served by three canal

commands namely Rajanpur, Muzaffargarh and Dera Ghazi Khan Canal. All three systems are

non-perennial having full supply factor at outlet heads as 4.87, 8.57 and 6.36 cusecs per 1000

acres of C.C.A. Generally, furrow and basin irrigation is practised in the area by gravity flow

supplemented with public and private tubewells in fresh ground water zone except on the right

side of Dera Ghazi Khan Canal where small size lift pumps have been installed by irrigators to

feed their high elevation lands along right bank of the canal.

A network of surface drainage system is functioning in both canal commands (Muzaffargarh

and Dera Ghazi Khan) having a length of 350 miles (896 Kms), besides vertical drainage

through public and private tubewells in saline zone and along T-P Link Canal.



* Ground Water

Aquifer of the area adjacent to the project site is generally sweet and good for drinking as well

as irrigation purpose. Part of the area falling in Tehsils Rajanpur and Rojhan of District

Rajanpur under the command of Dera Ghazi Khan Canal is brackish and canal water is the

only source for drinking and irrigation in such areas. In Muzaffargarh District, command area of

Thal Branch of Muzaffargarh Canal also lies in brackish ground water.

4.2.7 Climate

The climate of the Project area can be characterized by extremely hot summer and scarce rain.

The evapotranspiration of the area being more than 50% of the precipitation the area falls in

arid zone. Following are some specific components of the climate:

* Temperature

Summer temperatures range between 460C and 270C while the winter temperature range

remains between 19°C and 5°C.

* Rainfall

Average annual rainfall is about 200 mm, 80% of which is in summer.

* Relative Humiditv

The area is arid so the relative humidity is never more than 50%. On the other hand the

evapotranspiration of the area is always more than 50%.

* Wind Velocity

Prevalent wind velocity is 15-30 Kmph. At times, during summers, it can get to 30-35 Kmph

creating dust storms and making air hazy and dusty.



4.2.8 Ambient Quality of Environment

* Ambient Air Quality

The ambient air is sufficiently clean at present. Keeping in view the traffic levels, present and

expected, no significant change is anticipated in the air quality even after the completion of the

project. Table 4.3 shows the traffic count for one week and the average daily traffic of 656

vehicles is too small to be significant from air quality point of view. Air standards for Pakistan

have not yet been standardized but upto 5,000 vehicles per day are considered below the

critical level. However, the vibration effect of Trains within a short span of time is a matter of

concern. An innovative use of the traffic has been discovered by some industrious people.

Local people make use of typha leaves to make mats (locally called suff). Typha leaves are

places on the road for the traffic to pass over it and the leaves become soft and flex able for the

work. (See plate 4.14)

Table 4.3

Traffic Crossing Over Taunsa Barrage

Day Date and More 6-10 Busses Dallas Cars Trains Total

No. Day than wheels and and and

10 Trucks Pick- Small

wheels Ups Vehicles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 29-05-2004 57 83 104 145 166 4 559

Friday

2 30-05-2004 67 97 118 186 150 4 622

Saturday

3 31-05-2004 74 97 125 183 163 4 646

Sunday

4 01-06-2004 74 109 147 207 180 4 721

Monday

5 02-06-2004 69 104 236 174 187 4 774

Tuesday

6 03-06-2004 68 96 138 193 170 4 669

Wednesday



Day Date and More 6-10 Busses Dallas Cars Trains Total

No. Day than wheels and and and

10 Trucks Pick- Small

wheels Ups Vehicles

7 04-06-2004 67 95 130 181 126 4 603

Thursday

Total for Week 476 681 998 1269 1142 28 4594

Daily Average 68 97 143 181 163 4 656

(Source Traffic Count at Toll Station at Right Bank Taunsa Barrage)

;T~~~~~_ _ /_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.

- ~~~~~~~~~~~

Plate 4.1: Agricultural waste is used as domestic fuel around the project area. The traffic passing over

Taunsa consist of all types of vehicles; of then a tractor trolley and bus are visible in this picture.

* Noise Level

At present the traffic level is very low and noise is not a problem. No significant change is

anticipated even after the completion of the project. Major noise comes from 656 vehicles per

day (refer Table 4.4) can be calculated as follows:



Table 4.4

Noise level due to traffic over Taunsa Barrage Bridge

Sr.No. Type of Vehicle / Number @ Decibels of Total

Noise Emitted (Decibels)

1 2 3 4

01. Vehicles more than 10 Wheels (68) 120 8,160

02. 6-10 Wheels Vehicles (97) 100 9,700

03. Busses and Trucks (143) 100 14,300

04. Dallas and Pick-Ups (181) 60 10,860

05. Cars and Small Vehicles (163) 50 8,150

06. Trains (4) 150 600

Total per day 51,770

Total per hour 2,157

Total per minute 35

Per minute average noise emission is 35 decibels which is much below the permissible critical

level. But a concentrated high level noise even for a short time can make a significant

difference.

4.2.9 Natural Event History

* Seismicity

The project area is located over Indian Tectonic Plate, towards the centre of the plate, where

occasional jolts of Richter Scale 4-5 can be experienced. The project area has been placed in

Zone 1 on the "Seismic Zoning Map" of Pakistan by the Geological Survey of Pakistan.

Occasional jolts of this intensity are not likely to cause any significant impact on the new project

structure or vice versa.

* Floods

The Taunsa Barrage is located on the River Indus where according to the prevailing distribution

of water, the downstream discharge rarely exceed, 0.7 million cusecs (see Table 4.2). The

barrage has been designed for 1.0 million cusecs. That implies that even if the flood discharge



rises to 1.0 million cusecs, it can have no threat to the construction or operation of the new

gateless weir.

0 Archaeological Sites/Chance Find

There no reports or claims regarding the existence of any archaeological find near or on the

project site. There is neither a graveyard in the vicinity nor any worship place. In case there is a

chance find, it can be handled as per Law and Procedures already in vogue in Punjab.

4.3 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

4.3.1 Flora

The flora can be divided into two parts:-

(i) Riverian Track

(ii) Inland Area

On fresh silt alluvium of riverian tract, especially in pond area. In succession of vegetation,

first colonizers are grasses and Typha followed by Tamarix riverbed serut as the soil

becomes consolidated and is raised by new silt deposition in the scrub, so that the

vegetation is no longer completely submerged and erect tree growth becomes possible.

As long as the edaphic conditions remain unstable, Tamarix and Poplar remain dominant. As

the soil gets stabilized and drained the forest community normally progresses to Acacia

nilotica and prosopis spicigera. In its present state, the flora of Riverian Alluvial deposits can

be listed as follows:-

Trees

Lai (Tamarix dioca)

Pilchi (Tamarix gallica)

Babool (Acacia nilotica)

Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo)

Beri (Zizyphus yujuba)

Jand (Prosophis spicigera)

Raesquette (Prosophs juliflora)

Raesquette (Prosopis glandulosa)

Bhen/Poplar (Populus enphratica)



Other Plants

Khabbal (Cynodon dactylon)

Kanwal (Melolotus oralifolia)

Munj (Erianthus munja)

Kai (Sacchrum spontaneum)

Kunder (Typha elephantina)

Whereas the trees provide a habitat for birds, the solid ground below houses the mammals.

The margin line of Typha and grasses becomes a good habitat for reptiles while the fish

occupy the adjacent waters.

Inland Area

Inland area is either on the river banks or on rised parts of the consolidated alluvial deposits

within the pond. The natural flora of inland area is as follows:-

Trees

Jand (Prosopis spicigera)

Karir (Capparis aphylla)

Van (Salvadora oleoides)

Peeloo (Salvadora persica)

Kikar (Acacia nilotica)

Lana (Suda ruiteesa)

Lani (Salsola fostida)

Beri (Zizyphus jujube)

Other Plants

Harmal (Paganum harmala)

Khardar (Alhaji camelorum)

Khabbal (Cynodon dactylona)

Datura (Datura alba)

Phog (Calligonum polygnoides)

Pohli (Argemone maxicana)

Malla (Zizphus numularia)

Date Palm (Phoenix rubicola)



Exotics introduced in inland area

Near the banks some exotic tree species have been introduced over the time. Some of these

are:-

Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo)

Mulberry (Morus alba)

Bakain (Melia azadarach)

Shirin/Siris (Albizzia lebeck)

Sufaida (Eucalyptus camaldulensis)

Ipal Ipal (Lucaena minosifolia)

Burr (Ficus bengalensis)

Pipal (Ficus religiosa)

Mango (Mangifera indica)

Agriculture crops of Rabi and Kharif

Fruit Orchards

-'a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~W

D'~~ - -

Plate 4.2: On alluvial lands in the river succession of vegetation can be seen clearly. Grasses, sedges andtypha come as early colonizers followed by Erianthus munja (munj), Tamarix dioca (pilchi), Tamarixarticulata (Frash) and Populus euphratiea.



Plate 4.3: Tamarix dioca (pilchi) blossom in the wildlife sanctuary at Taunsa Barrage.

/~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ."

LI

-a~~~~~~~~~~~,-

Plate 4.4: Stages of succession of vegetation are visible on the new alluvial sites in the wildlife sanctuary ofTaunsa barrage.



-a'

Plate 4.5: As the Typha is replaced by Erianthus and as Erianthus is replaced by Trees, the alluvium getsnature and along with the change in flora, the habitat for fauna also changes.

4.3.2 Fauna

The rich Fauna of Indus River at Taunsa Barrage, upstream in the barrage head pond and

downstream in the released waters, is as follows:

*Mammals

Species Scientific Name Status

Hog deer (Axis porcinus) Endangered

Jungle cat (Felis chaus) Common

Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsi) Common

Mongoose (Herpestes anropunctatous) Common

Porcupine (Hystrise indica) Common

Hedge Hog (Hemiechinus spp.) Common

Fox (Vulpes bengalensis) Common

Jackal (Canis aureus) Common

Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) Common




Ludhar/Otter (Lutra perspicillata) Endangered

Indus Dolphin (Platanista minor) Endangered

Fishing Cat (Felis viverrina) Rare

Hare (Lepus nigricollis) Common

* Birds

> Resident Birds of Prey

Species Scientific Name

Fishing Eagle (Haliaeetus leucroryphus)

Brahminy Kite (Haliaster Indus)

Black Kite (Milvus rigrans)

White breasted Kind Fisher (Heleyon sinyrnensis)

> Seed Eating Birds

Species Scientific Name

Dove (Streptopelia dacaocto)

Dove (Streptopelia tranquebarica)

Dove (Streptopelia senegalensis)

Fiinches (Estrilda amandava)

Finches (Lonchura malabarica)

Larks (Mirafa erythroptera)

Larks (Eremopterix grisea)

Larks (Calendrella cineria)

Larks (Calendrella raytal)

Larks (Calendrella cristata)

Weaver birds (Ploceus philippinus)

Weaver birds (Ploceus manyar)

Indian Sand Martins (Riparia paludicola)

Indian river tern (Sterna auranlia)

Black Partridge (Francolinus francolinus)

Common Babbler (Turdoides candatus)



> Common Terrestrial Birds


Grey partridge (Pyeronotus xynthopygos) Common

Jungle Pigeon (Teron walia) Common

Sun Bird (Necterine spp.) Common

House sparrow (Passer spp.) Common

Russian sparrow (Hirundo rustica) Common

Crow (Corcias abyssinicus) Common

Owl (Bubo Africans) Common

Parakeets (Psittaciformes Common

Shrikes (Passeriformes) Common

Tree-pies (Passeriformes) Common

Fly Catchers (Passeriformes) Common

Rollers (Passeriformes) Common

Mynas (Passeriformes) Common

Bee-eaters (Passeriformes) Common

Minivits (Passeriformes) Common

Munias (Passeriformes) Common

Long-tailed Prinia (Passeriformes) Endangered

Warblers & Song Birds (Passeriformes) Endangered

Raptor (Falconiformes) Endangered

) Migratory Birds (Water Fowls) of Green Route along Indus River


Black headed goose (Anser indicus) Rare

Black headed gull (Larus ridibundus) Rare

Black-necked grebe (Podicepa nigricollis) Rare

Black stork (Ciconia niger) Rare

Black tailed godwit (Limasa limosa) Rare

Common Shelduck (Tadorna ladoran) Rare

Common snipe (Callinago gallinago) Rare

Curlew sand piper (Calidns ferruginea) Rare

Ferruginous duck (Aythya nyroca) Rare

Great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) Rare

Great crested grebe (Padiceps cristatus) Rare

Great egret (Egretta alba) Rare



Shag (Phalacrocorax fuscicallis) Rare

Red crested pochard (Netta rufina) Rare

Tufted duck (Aythy fuligula) Rare

White spoon bill (Platalea leucorodia) Rare

White tailed plover (Vanellus leucurus) Rare

Black winged stilt (Himantopus himantopus) Common

Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) Common

Common coot (Fulica atra) Common

Common pochard (Aythya ferina) Common

Common sand piper (Actitis hypaleucus) Common

Common teal (Anaz crecca) Common

Common tern (Sterna hirundo) Common

Eurasian wigeon (Anaz Penelope)) Common

Gadwal (Anaz strepera) Common

Green Shank (Tnnqaa nebulana) Common

Grey heron (Ardea cinerea) Common

Pond Heron (Ardeola grayti Common

River tern (Sterna aurantia) Common

Intermediate egret (Egretta intermedia) Common

Lesser Whistling teal (Denrocygna bicolor) Common

Little cormorant (Phalacrocorax niger) Common

Little egret (Egretta garzetta) Common

Little grebe (Tackybaptus ruficollis) Common

Little ringed plover (Charadrius dubius) Common

Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos Common

Moorhen (Gallinula chlaropus) Common

Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) Common

Pintail (Anas acuta) Common

Shoveler (A. clypeata) Common

Pheasant tailed jacana (Hydrophasianus chirurgus) Common

Purple gallinule (Porphyrio parphyrio) Common

Purple heron (Ardea purpurea) Common

Red Shank (Tringa tetanus) Common

Cotton teal (Nettapus coromandelianus) Endangered

Snake Bird Endangered



* Reptiles


Marsh crocodiles (Crocodylus palustris) Now extinct.

Gavial (Gavialis gangeticus) Now extinct

Chequered Keel back (Natrix piscator) Common

Snake

Dark-bellied marsh (Xenochrophis cerasogaster) Common

Snake

Striped river Snake (Enhydris pakistanica) Rare

Indian Python (Python molurus) Extinct

Dhaman (Ptyas mucosus) Rare

Striped Keel back (Amphiosma estolata) Rare

Indian Cobra (Naja naja) Common

Indian Monitor Lizard (Veranus bengalensis) Common

Variety of lizards, krait Common

and viper

* Turtles - Hard Shelled

Brown River Turtle (Kachuga smithin) Common

Saw Back Turtle (Kachuga tecta) Common

Brahminy River Turtle (Hardella thurgi) Common

* Flap Shells

Indian Flapshell Turtle (Lissymes punctata)) Rare

Spotted Pond Turtle (Geochlemys hamiltoni) Rare

* True Soft Shells

Narrow headed soft (Chitra indica)) Rare

shell turtle

Indian soft shelled turtile (Trionysc gangeticus) Rare

(Sunworshippens)

Common Tortoise Common

(Source: Wildlife Department, Punjab)


t

ii

I

I

I

I

I


* Fishes

One hundred and twenty seven species of fresh water fish have been recognized in Indus

River in its plain journey, comprising 59 cyprinids, 33 slurries, 2 clupeids and 33 others. Of

these most important are Palla (Tenua losa ilisha) which is an anadromous species and

Mahasheer (Torputitora spp.) which is a powerful game fish. But due to construction of a

series of barrages Palla cannot migrate from sea upwards and is almost extinct from Indus

waters. Upward breeding movement of Mahasheer is also restricted due to barrages. A

comprehensive list of fishes of River Indus upstream and downstream Taunsa Barrage is

given at Annex-Ill.

> The Extinct Palla

Under ordinary circumstances, the reproductive urge instinctively diverts palla fish from the

sea to swim up the river for hundreds of miles. The run of fish has been blocked with

construction of every new barrage. Being a sub-surface swimmer, it does not struggle to

cross fish ladders. Therefore, its movement has been extremely restricted. It has reduced

the food for river predators which have become extinct. It has also adversely affected the

fishermen communities all along the river.

The above reported flora, fauna including fish are present in the wildlife sanctuary upstream

the old Taunsa barrage. All the three components of biota represent some of the rarre

natural beauty which can be joy for ever for ecotourists, photographers and serious students

of riverian ecology (see plates 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.9, 4.10 and 4.11).

, r ;~~~~~~~~~~~~- N'

Plate 4.6: The level of water upstream is normally kept at RL 446 while the undersluice level is normallyRL 425. The Indus dolphin habitat was bisected in 1958. Indus dolphin has learnt to live and survive inboth the segments. it is specially protected on the upper side which is a wildlife sanctuary and a RAMSARsite.



. Plate 4.7: Taunsa wildlife sanctuary is anideal spot for researchers in flora as well asfauna. A dawn in Taunsa sanctuary invitesthe researchers as well as photographers.

______ * .- 1

Is

^ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ibk - .

Plate 4.8: The wildlife sanctuary at Taunsa is also a RAMSAR site.



aaffirrr ' '

Plate 4.9: Comparatively nature alluvial sites, like the one seen in the picture, are cherished by blackpartridge, Quail, Bluebird, Jungle pigeon, Sun bird, Doves, Warblers, House sparrow, Russian sparrow,Crows and Owls.

..... .. ..

-t -t- . Ib~d&aa

a * iK S.,. S a | .

Plate 4.10: Protected waters inside the Taunsa barrage wildlife sanctuary, like the one in the picture, area haven for migratory birds such as waterfowls whistling ducks, cranes, shorebird and barheaded Goose.



. b"-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4

L.-

Plate 4.12: Calm waters in the pond behind Taunsa barrage is a recognized habitat of Indus blinddolphin. According to an estimate above 200 dolphins presently occupy the pond area which the wildlifepopulation dynamists consider to be a saturation point for this predator. However, Indus Dolphin(Platanista minor) was included in the IUCN Red Rook of endangered species in 1976, and it still has thesame status there.



Plate 4.13: The Taunsa barrage upstream pond area is a RAMSAR recognized world class safe haven forwater fowls.

4.3.3 Wildlife Sanctuary

Taunsa Barrage wildlife sanctuary has an area of 6567 hectares and it extends upto almost 6

miles (10 Kin) above the barrage. Declared as a sanctuary by wildlife Department Punjab in

1974, it came to be recognized as RAMSAR world class protected area in 1996 (see plates 4.7

to 4.13), especially with respect to the waterfowl species. The following species of waterfowl

nest and breed in the sanctuary.

Lesser Whistling teal (Dendrocynge javanice)

Red wattled lapwing (Vanwllus indicus)

Pheasant tailed Jacane (Hydrophasianus chirurgus)

Purple gallinule (Porphario porphario)

Egrets (Egretta spp)

Cranes (Grus grus and Authropides Virgo)

For the common demoiselle cranes, the sanctuary is a staging area, while grebes, ducks,

Shore birds bar headed geese, geese, coots, ibises, storks and waders come to the sanctuary

for over wintering. Thus Taunsa wildlife is a important safe haven for the migratory population of

birds along Indus Flyway route. Sometimes very rare birds such as the Bewick's swan (Cynus



cobumbianus bewickii) and black necked stork (Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus) visit the lake. The

swamps around the pond, on either bank and on the belas formed inside the pond area within

the river, are abode of variety of ibises, egrets, herons and waders. The Pelicans (Pelecanus)

congregate on the belas inside the ponds. Flamingos (Phoenicopterus spp.) can usually be

seen standing in rows in knee deep water, while waiting for the prey to appear near the surface

of water.

The following local species of birds also live and thrive well in the wildlife sanctuary: -

Black Partridge (Alectoris relanochipala)

Grey partridge (Alectoris phibji)

Quail (Pluvialis spp.)

Blue Bird (Pyeronotus xynthopygos)

Jungle Pigeon (Teron walia)

Sun Bird (Nectarine spp)

Doves (Streptophelia roseogrisera)

Warbler (Philoseopus umbrovirens)

House Sparrow (Passer spp)

Russian Sparrow (Hirundo rustica)

Crow (Corcias abyssinicus russian)

Owl (Bubo africans)

The Taunsa Barrage is a worldwide recognized habitat of Indus blind Dolphin (Platanista

minor). Other mammals include Hog Deer (Axis porcinis), Jackal (Canes Auras), Hare (Lupus

Capensis), Porcupine (Hysterics indica) and Wild boar (Sus scrofa).

The present state of wildlife sanctuary depends upon Taunsa Barrage pond around a level of

RL 446.

4.3.4 Indus Dolphin

In the province of Punjab, the occurrence of the Indus Dolphin (Platanista minor)) is

restricted to 500 km between Chashma and Guddu Barrage and Taunsa Barrage has almost

bissected the Dolphin habit. The population of Dolphin has been split up in the upstream

area and downstream area of the barrage. Those who had the opportunity to see the Indus

Dolphin's habitat and have done research work on the species, need not be reminded how



extremely difficult it is to carry out even observational research on the species. However,

following statistics has been available from the Wildlife Department of Punjab.

After the wildlife Department enforced strict protection measures, a gradual increase in the

Dolphin population was noticed till 1992 (see table 4.5). Comparatively higher rate of

increase in Chashma-Taunsa reach is attributable to the protection due to wildlife sanctuary.

An almost levelling of the Indus dolphin population in Taunsa suggests two possibilities.

First, that the population of the specis as a predator might have reached a saturation point

for the area. Second that the condition favourable to Dolphin breeding cannot be improved

any further. However, it may be too early to decide in the absence of data on the extent of

habitat, general habitat conditions, biological relationship and productivity. The actual fact if

that the Indus Dolphin is a unique species. Even though its number has increased, it still is

considered endangered. The knowledge gathered about it though significant, remains rather

rudimentary. It is still a challenge for the scientific community to peruse research on the

Dolphin. The IUCN included this species in their Red Book of endangered species in 1976

and it still is there.

The WWF, however, does not fully endorse the Dolphin statistics released by the Wildlife

Departmetn as reproduced in table 4.5. Their Dolphin distribution map of Indus shows that

the number of Dolphin increase as the river approaches the southern proximities refere

Figure 4.10, as can be seen in the table 4.6 below.

Table 4.6

Number of Dolphins Sighted Between Barrage in Indus River by WWF

Barrage Distance between the Number of Dolphins sighted

barrages (kms)

Jinnah - Chashma 67 2

Chashma - Taunsa 270 84

Taunsa - Guddu 340 259

Guddu - Sukkur 190 602

Sukkur - Kotri 500 18

Source: WWF

The WWF experts opine that the Dolphins are flushed downwards with each flood while it

cannot move upwards because of barrage. This hybothesis however requires further

investigation.



Table 4.5

Indus Dolphin Population Status

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1997 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 | 1997 1998 1199 2000 2001 2002 20CSection

COUNTED COUNTED BY INTERPOLATION

Cheshma-Taunsapart 30 48 54 70 81 90 110 110 120 140 160 180 200 225 225 225 225 225 22!

Taunsa Guddu 40 61 73 82 99 100 109 119 129 129 129 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 13part

Total 70 109 127 152 180 190 210 229 249 269 289 310 330 355 355 355 355 355 35!

(Source: Wildlife Dept Punjab)



Some of the researched aspects are about sleeping and mating of Dolphin. In order to adapt

to the environment of the river, Indus Dolphin has developed the shortest sleep phases ever

observed in the mammals. Its sleeping behavior has been scientifically desired as polyhasic.

At the Berne institute of Brain Anatomy, the study of sleeping behavior with the help of

oscilloscope revealed numerous interruption in transmission, after lasting less than a second

and never longer than eight seconds. After weeks of observations and adding up the

seconds and transmission breaks during each twenty four hours period, the average comes

to about seven to eight hours, which is equivalent to normal sleeping period of mammals.

Mating takes place in April/May and ten months later in February/March the female gives

birth to a single calf measuring from 70 to 75 cm long. The offspring are suckled until

December, by which time they have grown to 1 meter in length. Average age of Dolphin is

20 years and river Dolphins are not capable of reproduction before eight years by which time

their body length is fully developed and is abut 2 meters long with a body weight of about 75

kg. The females are somewhat larger than the males and have a longer beak than that of

males. The males are more lively than female and adapt to a new environment quicker than

the females.

The Indus Dolphin is always blind. Its eyes are fully developed but regressed. Visibility in the

murky water of Indus is not more than 2-4 cm. The Dolphin's eye has fallen victim to the

opaque environment over the past millions of years and has led to a complete loss of the

ability to differentiate objects by sight. Instead it was its well developed sonar or echo-

location system with which the animal is not only capable of identifying minute objects but it

can detect difference between live and dead fish.

In nature the Dolphin plays the role of a predator as well as a scavenger. It eats sick, weak

and dead fish and keeps the river clean. In its cyclic movement it can travel upto 10 km per

day but it keep its habitat restricted within 5-8 kms. Its will however migrate to the distances

more than 50km for food and sex reasons.

4.3.5 Agriculture

The project area is famous for cotton in Kharif season. Wheat is the major Rabi crop. Rice rank

next to wheat in cereals, sugarcane cultivation is popular in Tehsil Kot Adu because of the

vicinity to sugar mill. High quality mango orchards have been raised in Rajanpur and

Muzaffargarh. However in the immediate project area in its vicinity or near the wildlife sanctuary

NDC j NESPAK I ATKINS 4-28


no such agricultural activity is noticeable the abandoning of which may cause any siginificant

loss to any one in terms of individual or family income.

IF~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I

-1P- 4

Plate 4.14: A population on a constant rise, one bicycle and 13 riders.

4.4 SOCIO ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL ASPECTS

4.4.1 Population and community structure

The Taunsa Barrage canal system is presently conveying 6 million acre feet of water within

32,489 km2 area and serves a population of 11 million people of whom 48% are women. The

rate of population growth amongst the poor classes is at least 5% which is one of the highest in

Punjab. A representative comparison of population growth vs resources was seen near old

workshop, (see plate 4.14).

4.4.2 Poverty Status

About 38% of the population in the immediate project area lives under food and basic needs

poverty line and their income is less than RS 2000 per month per family.



4.4.3 Services and Facilitates in the Area

* Water source used

42% of the communities do not have access to clean drinking water and consequently have

water oriented health and poverty problems of these 42% more than 50% are not aware of the

consequences of drinking unclean water. Some claim that running river water is healthier that a

hand pump water major sources of water are river, canals and hand pumps.

* Education Level

52% of the total respondents in the area are illiterate while 48% are primary and above.

* Transportation and Accessibility

Almost all the community in the area adjacent to the Taunsa Barrage have access and

transportation facility because the road and railway links are available. A small villages road

connects them to the main road where ample Wagon and Bus service is available for all

destinations. But Taunsa Barrage bridge plays cardinal role in this facility.

* Electricity Source Used

About 80% of the inhabitants in the immediate and extended project area have access to

electricity. Because of high cost, most house holds restrict themselves to use of few bulb and

fans. The fishermen communities still use kerosene oil in hurricane lanterns for light at night.

* Health Facilities

There is an overcrowded Tehsil Headquarter Government Hospital at Kot Adu. Above 50% of

the population are prone to Malaria and various epidemics. Polio plus program has made its

presence felt every where.

* Employment

Employment opportunities for local populations shall increase by almost 100% during the

construction phase and by 50% during operational phase. During construction, the contractor

shall be urged to prefer the employment of local labour especially in unskilled category. Typha

mat (suff) cottage industry is giving bread to about 5% of the population. Typha leaves are cut

from marshy lands bundled and put on metalled road for the vehicles to pass over and soften

then, making fit for mat making (See plate 4.15).



l ~~~~~~~~~~A

Plate 4.15: A farmer is putting typha leaves on the metalled road for the vehicles to press over it andmake it soft for typha mat (suff) making cottage industry.

* Cost of Living

Taking prices of essential commodities as indices and comparing these with the average

minimum income of Rs. 2,000 required per month, following table can help to gauge the cost of

living in the area, see table 4.5 below:

Table 4.6

Prices of Essential Commodities in the Project Area

Sr.No. Commodity Retail Price in Retail Price in

Multan Project Vicinity

Rupees Rupees

01. Atta (Wheet Floor) 12/Kg. 12/Kg.

02. Rice (Basmati) 35/Kg. 30/Kg.

03. Pulses 40/Kg. 40/Kg.

04. Sugar 23/Kg. 25/Kg.

05. Salt 10O/Kg. 12/Kg.

06. Chillies 80/Kg. 85/Kg.

NDC I NESPAK I ATKINS 4.31


Sr.No. Commodity Retail Price in Retail Price inMultan Project Vicinity

Rupees Rupees07. Cooking Oil 75/Kg. 80/Kg.08. Milk 20/Kg. 15/Kg.

09. Cotton Cloth 60/Meter 65/Meter10. One Room Rent 1,000/one room 300/one room

(Source: Market survey during Ist week of June 2004).

* HIV / AIDS Risk

The labour camp, their interaction with truck drivers and alike personnel are potential places forspread of HIV/AIDS if the incidence exists. Almost 100% of the people of project area and thepotential labour are not aware of the source, mode of communication or consequences ofHIV/AIDS. Although their religious and cultural value system, to a large extent excludes the outbreak or rapid communication of HIV/AIDS, yet its occurrence in such a situation cannot beprecluded. It is necessary that alongwith other communicable diseases like Cholera, Typhoidand Tuberculosis, awareness and preventive campaigns are run from time to time in the labourcamps and the field offices of the project on HIV/AIDS also.

* Recreation Facilities

More than 12000 local tourists visit Taunsa Barrage annually to enjoy the picturesque scenerycreated by the pond effect behind the barrage. Some of them also enjoy boat ride upstream aswell as downstream. A boat with "Mallah" is arranged by a private social organization. On agood day, a boatman can make Rs. 1 00/= to 200/= by charging Rs. 5/= per person per trip.

4.4.4 Conclusions

On the basis of the baseline survey, some of the obvious conclusions are as follows:

* There will be no serious environmental or social problem in the project area because of theproject intervention because all construction activities will take place downstream of theexisting barrage outside the wildlife sanctuary and the RAMSAR site.



* No negative impact can be anticipated on the farmers or other parts of the local

communities, as all construction and allied activities will take place on I&P Department land.

* Water distribution efficiency, flood control downstream fishing and social mobility by boats

will increase, when the barrage is rehabilitated and modernized (plate 4.16).

* The pond level upstream will remain at 446 (as before), and fauna of the Wildlife Sanctuary.

* With ensured safety of the Taunsa Barrage, the people living near the barrage or

downstream will enjoy a greater sense of security.

_~~~ . .. -w *

*~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~" Kf J

NDC NESPAK I ATKINS 4-33

T--~ ~~~ l -

5Analysis of Alternatives

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5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

The Project options considered were:-

1. No project option / worst scenario option.

2. In place of old Taunsa Barrage structures, a new barrage is constructed on the same

site.

3. A new Taunsa Barrage is built at a new site and the existing barrage is abandoned

and destroyed.

4. A gateless weir is built at an alternate site and not exactly at a distance of 1500ft.

downstream.

5. The cross sections and height (dimensions) of the proposed gateless weir is

changed.

6. The Taunsa Barrage is denotified as wildlife sanctuary and as a RAMSAR site.

7. Instead of using existing link roads, paths, camping sites, dumping ground and

machinery yards, alternate sites are chosen.

8. The Project is accepted as per given and objectives defined in the proposal.

Each alternative was subjected to analysis as per its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities,

and threats (SWOT); as follows: -

5.1 NO PROJECT OPTION / WORST SCENARIO OPTION

(a) Analysis

* Strength and opportunities

If the Project is not taken up at all, then all the efforts and investments shall be saved and

these could be diverted elsewhere. Should the barrage collapse, the Palla and Mahasher

fish and Indus Dolphin could move into about 250 km of additional spawning habitat

upstream of the barrage.

Furthermore, high maintenance cost and cumbersome operation would be avoided.

Ecologist believes that taking down a barrage will return a river to an ecologically healthy

state. The remarkably limited scientific evidence available regarding Indus river, however,

does not entirely support that belief. Nevertheless, removal of a barrage releases the water

that has collected behind it in the pond, With water it also releases sediments that decades



of slowed water had dropped as it approaches the barrage. The sediment can replenish

riverbanks downstream, thereby improving the river nutrients especially Phosphorus and

Nitrogen and thus reduce or eliminate eutrophication in the ex-pond area. Instead, the fish

population would revert to normal.

* Weaknesses and threats

Not taking up the Project will result in collapse of he old barrage, which will lead to

catastrophic destruction of the entire Taunsa barrage irrigation complex. Unprecedented

floods shall be followed by canal closure and destruction of agriculture by cutting off 6 million

acre feet of crucial irrigation water from six districts of southern Punjab. The pond will be

destroyed and the wildlife sanctuary, which is also a RAMSAR site shall vanish, forever and

a safe heaven for resting and breeding of waterfowl and mating area of Indus Dolphin shall

cease of exist. The barrages, downstream Taunsa i.e. Guddu, Sukkur and Kotri as well as

the under construction barrage at Sehwan will be washed away by the huge flood released

by the destroyed Taunsa barrage without a warning. A large number of villages along the left

and right bank of the river will be washed way resulting in heavy death toll of humans and

cattle. The women and the children will would be worst affected. A large part of nearby

population shall be turned homeless. All services including electricity education and

communication shall be disrupted. Rail link to Karachi and Quetta will be cut off. Arterial road

connecting Punjab and Balochistan will be destroyed and supply of natural Gas to southern

Punjab and supply of Petroleum to Balochistan shall be cut off. Trade and social life

dependent upon Taunsa bridge linkage will be destroyed. The Toll Station will also not exist.

Many such site-specific factors, which cannot be anticipated at this stage, will influence the

ecologist changes that accrue when a barrage actually gets removed. A dooms day in the

area shall be unleashed.

(b) Conclusion

For this proposal, the weaknesses outweigh the strengths and the threats overly are more

than opportunities. No project option possessing the potential of worst scenario is therefore

not recommended.



5.2 OPTION OF NEW BARRAGE ON THE SAME SITE

(a) Analysis


If the old barrage is replaces with an altogether a new barrage, a weakness free new

barrage will come up with a new lease of physical life of at least 50 years. The new barrage

can be appropriately designed and desired modification and modernization can be

incorporated. The cumbersome process of manually operating the weir gates can be

replaced with electronic control. The existing hydraulic defect e.g. retrogression, oblique river

approach to the barrage and deficient thickness of downstream floor can be ruled out

through a superior design. Also the skin and the baffle blocks could be built with concrete of

the same strength. Above all, the capacity of existing Taunsa Barrage and the bridge over

the weir could be enhanced with improved road, rail, gas and petrol pipelines.


Construction of an altogether new barrage will involve huge and unaffordable financial

resources, which are not readily available at, present. The existing services e.g. irrigation,

wildlife sanctuary, fisheries, use of road and railway bridge, Sui Gas and petrol supplies etc.

shall be suspended during the construction period, which will be 4 - 5 years. Dolphin habitat

will be further disturbed and their population, brought to the present level over past twelve

years, will once again decline. The existing physical, biological and socio - economic

balance of upstream and downstream shall have to be destroyed at least temporarily

causing RAMSAR site upsetness and thus a major objections from RAMSAR, Wildlife

Department and the EPA. The Canal system shall have to be stopped for some time causing

colossal short and long-term economic losses by cutting of drinking and irrigation water. And

the physical conditions being the same it is possible that new design may not be able to

exclude the old defects altogether.

(b) Conclusion: Under the prevailing circumstances, the option of constructing new barrage

is not recommendable in view of non-availability of financial resources and threat to the

ecosystem and irrigation system. However this has the potential of being the second best

option provided that financial resources become readily available and all potential negative

impacts are adequately mitigated through good design, controlled construction, protected

flora and founa, saved wildlife sanctuary and workable SFA with local communities.



5.3 OPTION OF NEW BARRAGE ON NEW SITE

(a) Analysis

* Strengths and opportunities

A new weakness free new site will become available where the inherent defects due to site

will not emerge. All weaknesses due to design deficiency will be removed. Subject to its

feasibility on new site, the new barrage will be modified built and operated according to most

modern technology available to Pakistan. Especially the existing hydraulic defects e.g.

retrogression, oblique river approach to barrage and deficiencies in downstream floor can be

ruled out through a superior design. The concrete for the surface and inside of baffle blocks

can be kept uniform. And the capacity of existing Taunsa bridge can be increased for road,

rail, gas pipe line and petrol pipe line.


Selection of new site upstream and downstream is externally difficult as the width of river

and its tendency to run in multi-channels increases on either side. There is no denying the

fat that new barrage will involve huge and unaffordable financial resources and the

prohibitive financial cost will dater new construction. Also existing barrage and pond

ecosystem will be completely destroyed. The agreement in RAMSAR convention shall be

changed as the existing canal system, wildlife sanctuary and fisheries safe haven will be

heavily disturbed and Dolphin habitat will be subject to an adverse change possibly leading

once again to decline in its population. The canal system shall have to be stopped and

redone at least for constructing new linkages to old canals. The intervening period shall be

dry and hostile. Furthermore, the physical conditions being the same, it is possible that new

design may not be able to exclude the defects noticed in the old barrage model.

(b) Conclusion: Option of new design on new site is not acceptable because of the threats,

which outnumber the opportunities.



5.4 THE OPTION OF HAVING NEW WEIR AT LESSER THAN 1500 FT DOWNSTREAM

Analysis


By a new simulated model a better distance can be worked out at Irrigation Research

Nandipur Institute. And by change of distance a better hydrological advantage may be

achieved. Lesser distance and smaller structures would cut the cost. Above all, there shall

be lesser ecological disturbance downstream.


It is also possible that a changed distance is not optimal and may induce more defects. It is

understood that change of site is not being considered for upstream because any site

upstream is technically inappropriate because of wider span of the river. For any new site,

new design and new cost estimates and drawings shall have to be prepared. The new

design may turn out to be defective and hydrologically inefficient. By bringing the gateless

weir too close to the old weir the problem of hydraulic jump (the energy dissipating

turbulence) is not fully addressed. And if the defects persist, it may not only cause heavy

financial losses in terms of the construction undertaken, but also it will have the potential to

cause catastrophic destruction of the whole barrage and the barrages, below Taunsa.

(b) Conclusion: Construction of the new weir at 1500 ft or closer shall fully defend upon the

success of the site in simulation model. Any site between 800-1500 ft, subject to its success

in simulation model, will be feasible.

5.5 OPTION OF NOT CHANGING THE DIMENSIONS OF THE GATELESS WEIR

(a) Analysis


The existing model of gateless, 4346 ft across the Indus River, weir, impervious 238 ft. crest

level 424 ft. has been hydraulically efficient model simulated at Nandipur irrigation Research

institute. The weir provides efficient energy dissipation for turbulence created downstream.

The model provides protection against local scouring by providing stone aprons upstream



and downstream. By all standards, the model satisfies the standard hydraulic requirements

and criteria. By doing so, main Taunsa barrage is saved and is given an extended physical

life for at least 50 years and the defects developed therein e g. retrogression, oblique river

approach and deficiencies in the downstream floor will be eliminated. And the rehabilitation

and modernization of main barrage gives 50 more years of efficient irrigation and agriculture

production in six districts of southern Punjab through an existing system of canals.


Efficiency of the weir will ultimately depend upon the geotech characteristics of the rock and

soil below the foundation of the gateless weir. As the geotech properties of the soil shall

continue to be the same, piping and cavities below the weir is possible, especially when the

provided safety measures are minimal. Should the sub-weir develop a fault, threats to the

main barrage can revive, and in an aggravated manner.

(b) Conclusion: Considering all pro cons, the design of sub-weir (gateless weir) as per

length across river 4346'. Impervious floor 238 ft and crest level 424 ft is a safe option. Its

location can be between 800 ft-1 500 ft downstream of the existing barrage.

5.6 OPTION OF DENOTIFYING TAUNSA BARRAGE POND AREA AS WILDLIFE

SANCTUARY AND AS RAMSAR SITE

(b) Analysis


By denotifying the area as the wildlife sanctuary and as a RAMSAR site, the biological

interference in the engineering priorities shall be eliminated River training works such as

construction of new spurs, dredging of the "belas" to correct the oblique strike of the main

river channel and raising the level of pond to optimal levels will become possible without any

concern from NCCW, EPA, wildlife Department or RAMSAR secretariat. The freedom of

design and operation, will bring down the construction and operational cost. Also it can open

opportunities for declaring the area as game reserve and invite visitors and tourists to enjoy

hunting, within permissible limits. Tourist, resorts can be constructed on the stable islands

within the pond area. Fishing industry will flourish and the local communities will be able to

manage the river flora and fauna to their benefit in accordance with their age old traditions.

State revenue from natural resources will increase.




A well-established river based ecosystem will be destroyed. The water fowl and Indus

Dolphin will once again become threatened species and all their food chains will be

destroyed. Well established riverain habitat made by Typha, sedge, Munj, Kai, Pilchi, Frash,

Bhan succession will be annihilated. Control over 6 miles upstream river by way of protection

through application of Wildlife Act 1974 shall cease to exist and indiscriminate shooting and

poaching of wildlife and exploitation of riverain forests will start. Encroachments by seasonal

agriculturalists will become rampant on Kacha areas and increased incidence of erosion will

enhance the rate of siltation, which will lead to reduced capacity of pond as well as the

canals. The umbrella of NCCW, EPA and RAMSAR shall be lifted and the prestige earned

by Pakistan at international level as RAMSAR member country shall be lost. Apparent higher

degree of freedom will damage the barrage as well as the local communities physically,

biologically and socially.

(b) Conclusion: The option of the denotifying Taunsa Barrage as wildlife sanctuary and as

RAMSAR site in not recommendable because of globally significant physical, biological and

social reasons and on account of our international obligations.

5.7 OPTION OF ALTERNATE LOGISTICS

(a) Analysis


Old workshop, link road, the metalled road and roads on top of the downstream bund, are

available at no additional cost. In this arrangement there are minimum security risks. For

using these facilities, no compensation, resettlement or rehabilitation is involved. Labour

camp, material dump, machinery yard and project field offices being located in the same

general area, would make command and control of works earies and more effective (See

Project Area Map Figure 3.1).

It is an opportunity to put the l&P Dept building and lands, lying unused so far, to use for a

good Project. The proposed campsite can be developed as the operational headquarter of

rehabilitated Taunsa Barrage. The available campsite is so close to the worksite that mixing

of material can be done at the campsite and it can be transported to the work base from

where it can be conveyed to actual construction point through a conveyor belt or suction

hose.




The Kacha link road from campsite to the metalled road and roads on top of the downstream

guide bund will need surfacing and maintenance to make the traffic dust and noise free. The

old buildings will require heavy repairs before these are occupied for use. The dumping of

material and spill of oil etc. on the I&P land will require rehabilitation after the completion of

the project. The contractor shall have to bring the site to the same condition, in which it is

occupied.

However, during the period of construction of the sub-weir, it will not be possible for the i&P

Department to put the old workshop site or 46 acres of land to any alternate use. Further,

excessive and heavy traffic on Kacha roads may destroy the road and for adapting alternate

logistics, it will be necessary to go out of the l&P Department land and for that charges shall

have to be paid in addition to providing resettlement/rehabilitation.

(b) Conclusion: The proposed site for labour camp, material depot, Vehicle and machinery

yard and use of link road, main metalled road and downstream guide bunds are safest and

zero cost opportunity, which is recommended.

5.8 OPTION OF PROPOSED DESIGN

The proposed design fully secures the rehabilitation of the old barrage (See detailed

discussion in para 4.13). Under the given circumstances the proposed designed of sub-weir

4346 ft. long with crest level of RL 424 and sites between 800 -1500 downstream keeping

the pond level at RL 446 is the best option and have been adopted.

5.9 SUMMARY OF ALTERNATIVES

1. No project option/worst scenario option is not recommended.

2. A new barrage cannot be built under present non availability of financial resources.

3. A new barrage at a new site will be even more expensive and is not recommended.

4. Building a gateless weir is recommended at 800 -1500 downstream.

5. The proposed cross section and crest level is quite appropriate.

6. Taunsa Barrage must not be denotified as wildlife sanctuary and a RAMSAR site.

7. The proposed sites on l&P land for labour camp material depot, machinery and

equipment yard, the link roads are the safest and are recommended.

8. The proposed project design fulfills the desired objects and has been adopted.


PublicIConsultation andIDisclosure

Public Consultation and Disclosure

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6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE

This section describes the outcome of the public consultation sessions held with different

stakeholder groups that may be impacted by the project. The consultation process was

carried out in accordance with the World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.01) on public

consultation. The objectives of this process were: -

> Meetings held with regional and local offices.

> Semi-structured interaction held with communities on barrage site and around.

> Public Hearing through the EPA Punjab to get maximum participating role for the

members of public.

6.1 MEETINGS WITH LOCAL AND REGIONAL OFFICIALS

A series of meetings were held with local and regional officials (see the list of officials

contacted in Table 6.1 below: -

Table 6.1

List of Officials Contacted

Sr.No. Officials Contacted Title Phone Nos.

01. Chaudhry Muhammad Ghufran S.E. Canals Multan

02. Mehr Muhammad Amin Ex.En. Taunsa Barrage at 0697-42796

Kot Adu 0697-42094

03. Muhammad Munir Anjum SDO, TP Link, Kot Adu

04. Rana Muhammad Afzal SDO, Taunsa Barrage

05. Syed lnayatullah Shah Sub-Engineer Taunsa

Barrage

06. Malik Rashid Ahmed Asstt: Director, Fisheries,

Muzaffargarh

07. Khurshid Azam Qaisarani Distt. Wildlife Officer, 0661-423370

Muzaffargarh

08. Khurshid Alam Bhatti Sub-Engineer, Taunsa

Barrage

09. Munir Ahmed Inspector, Wildlife Deptt. 0661-423370

Muzaffargarh



10. Abdul Latif Employee, Wildlife Deptt, 0661-423370

Muzaffargarh

11. Allah Wasaya Office Incharge, Wild Life 0661-423370

Deptt. Muzaffargarh

12. Muhammad Aslam Khan Head Jamadar Taunsa

Barrage

13. Ghulam Shabbir Head Clerk, Forest Deptt.

Muzaffargarh

14. Engr. Tatsuhiko Mori Head, Sanyu Consultant They were on

Inc. Taunsa Barrage visit to Taunsa

15. Engr. Kiyoshi Hasegawa Yachiyo Engg. Company Barrage to

16. Engr. Kenji Nagata Yachiyo Engg. Company check the

17. Engr. Kansuke Hiroto Sanyu Consult. Co. PMU, mechanical

Taunsa condition of the

18. Engr. Hirodo Toshio Representative JICA Barrages

(Int'l.), Tokoyo Office gates. They

Japan had their ownoutlook of the

Project and

during

discussion

made valuable

contribution.

Meetings with officials provided multiple and diverse objectives such as:

- Provided a forum for the initial definition of critical environmental and social

issues.

- Established their interpretation, as official stake-holders, the key sector

development issues and linkages to the environment and social development.

- Confirmation of the suitability of initial list of communities selected for

consultation.

- Facilitation of Field Work.



Phase 2: involved the undertaking of a programme of semi-structured discussion in

communities in the project area of influence. This programme included both community

discussion and discussion with women only through women organization, some of the

selected members of the public of Taunsa Barrage area are listed below:

Table 6.2

List of Selected Community Representative

Sr.No. Name Village

01. Muhammad Ashraf Bait Qaimwala

02. Muhammad Aslam Bait Qaimwala

03. Sikandar Ali Bait Qaimwala

04. Sohail Akbar Bait Qaimwala

05. Muhammad Rafique Bait Qaimwala

06. Mulazim Hussain Bait Qaimwala

07. Muhammad Rafique Bait Qaimwala

08. Fayyaz Hussain Kot Addu

09. Noor Muhammad Kot Addu

10. Ali Muhammad KotAddu

11. Qasim Ali Kot Addu

12. Khushi Muhammad KotAddu

13. Muhammad Zakir Kot Addu

14. Baqir Hussain Kot Addu

15. Muhammad Asghar Mauza Chaudhrian

16. Sultan Ali Mauza Chaudhrian

17. Nizam Ali Mauza Chaudhrian

18. Khuda Bakhsh Mauza Chaudhrian

19. Muhammad Swar Mauza Chaudhrian

20. Salah-ud-Din Mauza Chaudhrian

21. Muhammad Sharif Taunsa Barrage

22. Shah Muhammad Taunsa Barrage

23. Muhammad Zuber Jannun Gher Mustaqil

24. Sabir Hussain Jannun Gher Mustaqil

25. Tahir Ali Jannun Gher Mustaqil

26. Shahid Hussain Jannun Gher Mustaqil

27. Munaffar Ali Jannun Gher Mustaqil



Sr.No. Name Village

28. Ghulam Muhammad Jannun Gher Mustaqil

29. Shabbir Hussain Jannun Gher Mustaqil

30. Ghulam Akbar Jannun Gher Mustaqil

31. Sajjad Ahmed Daira Deen Panah

32. Ghulam Hussain Daira Deen Panah

33. Ghulam Hassan Daira Deen Panah

34. Shaukat Mahmood Daira Deen Panah

35. Kalb Abbas Daira Deen Panah

36. Muhammad Hanif Faqirwali

37. Ghulam Nabi Faqirwali

38. Abdul Karim Faqirwali

39. Abdul Rehman Faqirwali

40. Pir Khan Faqirwali

41. Ghulam Akbar Chah Doluwala

42. Muhammad Haneef Chah Doluwala

43. Muhammad Aslam Muslimwala

44. Muhammad Akhtar Muslimwala

45. Muhammad Asif Muslimwala

46. Ghulam Muhammad Muslimwala

47. Ahmed Bashir Noorani Taunsa Head

48. Bashir Ahmad Taunsa Head

49. Abdul Qadir Taunsa Head

50. Qadir Bakhsh Taunsa Head

6.2 MEETING WITH LOCAL COMMUNITIES

The semi-structured meetings with the community in and around the project area achieved

the following objectives:

* Eliminate the scare that the canals will remain closed during the construction of the

barrage for about four years. It was clarified that due measures will be taken that

canals would run as per usual programme and canal closure will take place only

under the notified canal closure programmes as follows:


-I-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


Name of Canals : Muzaffargarh Canal

D.G. Khan Canal

T-P Link Canal

Status of Canals : Non-Perennial

Period when Canals would run April 15 to October 15

Period of Canal Closure for December 22 to January 31

Repairs and maintenance

Only Drinking water released February 01 to April 14 and

October 16 to December 21

No change would be made in the existing capacity of canals, so no effect shall be impacted

on the canal command area. It was explained that project aimed at rehabilitating the Taunsa

Barrage and not to change the capacity of the barrage or increase or decrease the capacity

of canals.

* Eliminate the fear that for Contractor's labour camp, Material Depot, Machinery Yard,

access roads and work site, some private agricultural lands shall be acquired and

occupied and for that state does not possess a healthy record. Lands are occupied

immediately but compensation is delayed for generations. It was clarified that no private

land shall be required at all for the sub-weir, labour camp, material depot, machinery

yard, access roads or work basis. With the help of a map it was shown to the community

that adequate Irrigation & Power Department land and link roads existed to

accommodate all the requirement. No private agricultural land shall be acquired or

occupied so there was no question of compensation, resettlement or rehabilitation. And

the question of delayed compensation died down naturally.

* Settle down the concern that the workers and labour will be brought by the Contractor

from outside the project area and an opportunity of employment, generated by Taunsa

area shall be availed by people from other areas.

The community gathering was informed that it had been put as a condition in the Tender

Document as well as the Contract Document that maximum employment shall be offered to



the local labour/workers. On their question as to how much would be the employment, they

were given the following illustrative numbers:

Table 6.3

Employment Opportunity at Taunsa Barrage Rehabilitation Project

Sr.No. Category Approximate Minimum Percentage of

Total Number Local Labour preferred for

employment

01. Skilled Labour 200 Open. As much as available

02. Semi-Skilled Labour 300 50 %

03. Un-Skilled Labour 1,500 100%

Total 2,000

The community expressed their satisfaction on the proposed arrangement.

* Fishermen of the community expressed the concern that the high level of construction

activity and noise level generated by it will disturb the Fish downstream the barrage

where fishing was allowed. They were informed that the construction activity will be

restricted to area downstream between 800 - 1500. The fish is mostly in calm water

behind the spurs. Their fishing activity downstream the new weir will proceed as per

rules of the Fisheries Department.

* Question was posed by the community that presence of some 2000 male members of

labour from general locality of project will not only restrict the chances of women

employment, but also cause moral and social problems for the free movement of local

women-folk in the area. It was clarified that strict discipline would be exercised on the

labour force by providing stringent clauses in the contract document. To cull out the

possibility of any moral issues or HIV/AIDS spread, a well organized campaign shall be

run. And if some women were interested in working on the project, they were most

welcome.

* With heavy project traffic on Kot Adu-Taunsa main road there is higher likelihood of road

accidents. It was clarified that due signology and necessary training would be adapted to

exclude possibility of road accidents. Efforts would be made that the work is generally

restricted to day light hours when possibility of road accident is lesser.



WVith arrival of about 2000 additional persons, the prices of commodities in Kot Adu and

Taunsa markets would go up, and price index would go unfriendly for the local villagers.

It was clarified by some trade oriented people within the community that instead of rise in

price those would fall because larger market activity reduces the profit margin and the

price. General discussion on this point ended up in favour of the trade oriented group.

* The following points came up in open acceptance of the project:

> Greater employment opportunity was most welcome.

> Greater economic activity will alleviate poverty.

> Taunsa Barrage will be saved and given a longer lease of life and thus the

dependent agriculture.

> Present level of services i.e., electricity, communication, schooling, water supply etc.,

is likely to improve.

> Main Road will be improved making it traffic worthy for normal traffic and additional

traffic.

> Due to sanctuary, there is no fishing activity upstream of barrage. Diversification of

the opportunity of employment will help the fishermen to get employed on barrage.

* All the above points were reflected in Social Framework Agreement (SFA) from

community side while community obligations were included from the Irrigation and Power

Department.

6.3 PUBLIC HEARING

Fifteen days earlier then the Public hearing it was announced in the press and through local

publicity methods e.g., personal contacts, beat of drums, announcement on mosque

loudspeakers that a public hearing of Taunsa Barrage Rehabilitation Project would be held

on August 23, 2004 at 11 AM at Dera Ghazi Khan as the town was almost in the middle of

the extended area of influence of the Project. The gathering took place in Irrigation Rest

House, Dera Ghazi Khan under the Chairmanship of Director EPA Punjab. Representatives

of all relevant Departments of District Government, Members of the press, the

representatives of Irrigation & Power Department and some 50 farmers or persons

interested in the welfare of Taunsa Barrage joined the gathering. Irrigation & Power

Department gave general introduction of the Taunsa Barrage Rehabilitation Project and the



topic was made open to the House. Not all the points were relevant to the project, yet those

did reflect the general flow of ideas in the minds of the people. Some salient points were as

follows:

Points Raised Answers

* Obstruction of flow of main river through an ungated No such possibility existed.

weir may cause drainage problems The fear had no basis.

* What is the need of a wildlife Sanctuary. Why local Wildlife Sanctuary is a

fish, birds and animals are being refused to locals? remedy for deteriorated

ecosystem. It is not a use.

* Why silt is not removed from canals and why are the The canals at their present

canals not run on their full design capacity? capacity are enough to

irrigate the command area.

* Drinking water is priority No. 1. It must be ensured For drinking water some

that the canals keep flowing throughout the year. water will flow in canals even

when there is a closure.

What is the guarantee that the local labour would not It has been made a binding

be ignored? for the contractor to employ

local labour.

Will presence of 2000 labour improve the railway It is expected that market will

service? boom and better transport

including railway will become

available.

State never makes mistakes. It is expected that all We agree.

social values shall be duly conserved.

If Taunsa Barrage has lived its physical age, why a Financial constraints. The

new barrage is not being constructed? What is the present structure will serve

guarantee that stoppage of further deterioration will for another 50 years after

save the original structure also? rehabilitation and

modernization.

Will Indus Dolphin, water fowl, flora and fauna of The construction activity

wildlife sanctuary and RAMSAR site not be disturbed shall be downstream of the

due to partial closure of river during construction? barrage which is outside the

bounds of the wildlife

sanctuary and the RAMSAR

site. The construction will in



no way cause any negative

impaction on Indus Dolphin,

waterfowl resting and

nesting, flora and fauna ofthe pond above the Taunsa

Barrage.

Appropriate answers were provided by satisfied the people the Irrigation and PowerDepartment to all above questions and when the public hearing generally and overly, thegathering was in favour of the Project.

6.4 PUBLIC DISCLOSURE

The World Bank requires project proponents to carry out public consultation with affectedstakeholders. Accordingly the Public Hearing was carried out as explained above in Para 6.3and copies of EIA were placed at the office of EPA Punjab, at the Project Site i.e., TaunsaBarrage control office and the Punjab Public Library Lahore so as to be accessible to projectbeneficiaries, local NGOs and general public.

6.5 EPA OBSERVATIONS

As a result of their Field visits and Public hearing the EPA Punjab Made some observationson the Projects. Following are the annotated clarifications which were submitted to the EPAPunjab.

ANNOTATED REPLIES TO THE OBSERVATIONS MADE / INFORMATIONSOUGHT ONEIA REPORT OF "REHABILITATION AND MODERNIZATION OF TAUNSA BARRAGE"

Sr.No. Comments / Observation Reply

1. The effect of construction phase of the The Taunsa Wildlife Sanctuary, isproject on wildlife habitat, Dolphin located upstream of the existing barrage.Sanctuary and fish resources of the All the activities related to construction ofriverian tract located around Taunsa the proposed gateless weir will beBarrage, as the closure of half the width restricted to the locations clearly outsideof the barrage may increase water the wildlife sanctuary area. Closure of




velocity and erosion, may be identified part of river channel for construction

and suitable mitigation measures may work in the downstream for a limited

be suggested. period shall have no effect on the flora,

fauna and any other aspect of the

wildlife including Dolphin habitat.

2. The log of interaction with the local The process of public consultation has

communities/potential stakeholders been added to the report as an

which have been conducted during independent chapter 6 of the revised

scooping phase of EIA process may be draft report. In the initial, draft, this was

provided. The copy of questionnaire included in Chapter 1. Copy of the

form may also be included. questionnaire has been added in the

revised report and is also enclosed for

perusal and reference.

3. The copy of draft Social Framework A draft Social Framework Agreement

Agreement (SFA) may be provided. (SFA) has been added in the

recommendations contained in Chapter

8 of the Revised EIA Report. A copy of

the relevant pages is also enclosed.

4. The proponenVEIA consultant may The flow of DG Khan, Muzaffargarh and

explain that if the flow of DG Khan, TP Canals will remain within the

Muzaffargarh and TP Canals will be designated discharge range during

within the designated discharge range construction phase.

during construction phase of the project.

5. The primary data on air, water and soil For basic data on climate, soil water and

quality which has been obtained to air reliance was placed on the data

establish baseline environmental collected by meteorological department

conditions may be provided. as reported in PC-I of Taunsa Barrage




prepared by Irrigation & PowerDepartment in May 2003. The secondary

data was adequate and reliable. Anexercise to re-do the primary data would

be a duplication less accurate data, andtime and resource consuming process

and as such an un-necessary

undertaking.

6. Taunsa is a RAMSAR site for No construction or allied activity will takewaterfowls and Pakistan is signatory to place in the Taunsa Barrage Wildlifethe RAMSAR convention. The Sanctuary bounds, whole of which ispermission of RAMSAR Secretariat for located upstream of the existing barrage.execution of the subject project may be No disturbance is going to be caused toprovided. any of the flora, fauna, physical or socio-

economic aspects of the RAMSAR area.

It is, therefore, not necessary to involve

the RAMSAR Secretariat in an unrelatedmatter. All the construction activity willbe well outside the designated Wildlife

Sanctuary. The permission of RAMSAR

Secretariat for execution of this project isneither required nor applied for.

7. The projects borrow and waste disposal The project borrow areas are locatedsites may be identified. beside the right and left guide bunds.

These have been shown in the projectmap. These borrow areas areGovernment property and are alwayskept available for borrowing earthrequired for maintenance or new works,with no environmental effects. Theborrow depression are filled withsediment brought by river flows which

NDC NESPAK ATKINS 6-11



spill in the borrow pocket behind the

guide banks in a usual river

sedimentation process.

8. Pictorial presentation of the project is Pictures have been added appropriately

missing in the EIA Report. in the revised report. A set of the picture

is also enclosed for ready reference.

6.6 EPA APPROVAL

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Punjab accorded its approval for the project of

"Rehabilitation and Modernization of Taunsa Barrage" vide their letter No 352/F-93/0609/EIA

dated 06/09/2004 (see letter of approval at Annex-IV).


I

Environmental Impact Assessment andMitigation Measures


7. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

This section identifies the potential impacts of barrage rehabilitation works on the physical,

biological and socio-economic environment. The physical environment can further be split into

those impacting the soil, water and ambient air.

7.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT SOURCES

Environmental and social impact attributable to the Project can broadly be classified into those

taking place before construction and those occurring during operations. Some of the impacts

can be anticipated and avoided through appropriate adjustments/provisions in the project

design. Some can be mitigated by careful implementation of the Project while some other can

be adjusted with by appropriately following the operational manual and an affective

collaboration with communities.

Construction related impacts are heavily dependent on:-

* The contractor's work habits, especially those related to the storage of construction

materials and cleanliness of work site;

. Cooperation between local communities and local authorities and the contractor in terms of

observance of Social Framework Agreement (SFA) and use of public space and utilities;

. Project management's enforcement of correct construction practices and standards;

and

* The incorporation of mitigation measures identified in the EIA into the bid documents and

specifications.

* An effective collaboration with local communities in evolving a workable Social Framework

Agrement (SFA).

Operational impacts are usually linked, to the increase in the movement of project activities,

and the absolute volume on project works. These include increase in air, noise pollution,

accident, obstructions to borrowing process and disturbance in construction schedule.

In well designed and carefully executed projects, such effects are expected to be minimal. The

main impacts during construction are, therefore, expected to be of routine nature, and

effectively mitigable.



The major operational issues are therefore related to the functioning of the completed gateless

weir in the physical environment and in particular to its effects on local hydrology and river flow.

For this Project, potential project impacts are reviewed under the following headings and by

pre-construction (design), construction and operational phases. The environments has been

studied under the following sub-heads:-

* Physical Environment

- Land Resource

- Hydrology and Water Resource

- Air Quality

- Noise Level

* Biological Environment

- Flora

- Fauna

- Fish

- Endangered Species

* Cultural and Historical Sites

* Socio-economic Environment

Table 7.1 provides a check list of potential impacts associated with the barrage rehabilitation

project in general divided into groups based on general environmental aspects which are

effected or likely to be effected from the modification in the flow of the river. The set of

impacts based upon physical, biological, cultural and social have been classified under pre-

construction (design), construction and operational phases. Each sub-factor has been

assessed as slight, moderate or significant. The assessed category has then been marked

as curable, reversible or irreversible. Each sub-factor so assessed has been shortly

discussed and explained in the part of the Chapter 7 following the Assessment Table 7.1.



Table 7.1

Evaluation of Environmental and Social Impacts of Taunsa Barrage Rehabilitation Project

1. Pre-construction (Design) Phase

Assessment

Aspects Impacts Assessed Slight Moderate Significant

1* 2** 3*+* 1 * 2** 3*** 1 * 2** 3***

All impacts 1.1.1 Retrogression /

pertain to downstream

river 1.1.2 Pulsating Hydraulic /

behavior in Tun

combination 1.1.3 Damage to Frictionv

with Taunsa Blocks

Barrage. 1.1.4 Excessive exit _

The defects gradient

already 1.1.5 Increased risk of

developed piping failure

are being 1.1.6 Limitations developed

remedied due to silt deposit X

through the above the weir

project and 1.1.7 Uprooting of friction

are likely to block

recur if not 1.1.8 RCC monolicity _

forestalled defects

through 1.1.9 RCC quality control

appropriate defect

design 1.1.10 Oblique river approach =/

1.1.11 Haywire turbulence /

1.1.12 Heavy silting of basin =

1.1.13 Heavy silting of canals =

Avoidable through design (Preventive)Mitigation through contractor's obligation or by communities through social framework agreement(SFA) (curative)Non-reversible, Permanent change (to be adopted)



Assessment


1* 2** 3*** 1 * 2** 3*** 1 * 2** 3***

1.1.14 Reduction in capacity

of barrage due to silt X

deposits

1.1.15 Abrasion of glacis

downstream

1.1.16 Shattering of concrete

floor due to

inconsistent

undersluice flours

1.1.17 Obstruction to

navigation in the river

1.1.18 Obstruction to fish

migration in the river

1.1.19 Obstruction to Indus

Dolphin

2. Construction Phase

Assessment


1 * 2** 3*** 1 * 2** 3*** 1 * 2** 3***

1 . Land 2.1.1 Site for disposal of

Resource waste construction /

material

2.1.2 Adjustment with

unstable location

appearing during

construction

2.1.3 Location of labour

camps, material

camp, equipment X

yards and approach

roads


FT--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IPunjab Barrages Rehabilitation Project Phase-I

Assessment


1* 2** 3*** 1* 2** 3*** 1* 2** 3***

2.1.4 Limitation of

construction site other

then given at 2.1.2

above

2.1.5 Rehabilitation of

Project borrow sites

and storage of

materials

2.1.6 Stabilization of sites

on earth fill works

2.1.7 Contamination from

diesel and other spills

from construction

machinery

2.1.8 Drainages paths

roads crossed.

Damages by moving

machinery

2.1.9 Earthen embankment

or concrete work, X

edge scouring

2.1.10 Discharge to unstable

slopes or leakage on X

construction

2.1.11 Any discharge or

diversion of water to /

any grave yard etc.

2.1.12 Any discharge spill or

dumping out any

building or house on

river bank

2. 2.2.1 Source of construction

water



Assessment


1* 2** 3*** 1* 2** 3*** 1* 2** 3***

Hydrology 2.2.2 Diesel and other fluids

and Water spilling over to river

Resources water from machinery

2.2.3 Protection of

construction work /

from floods

2.2.4 Obstruction of flow of

water down stream

2.2.5 Effect of surface flow

conditions

3. Air 2.3.1 Dust and smoke and

Quality and other pollutant from

Noise construction

Pollution machinery

2.3.2 Dust or other pollutant

from stored materials /

and spoil heaps

2.3.3 Smoke from burning

of waste materials or /

burning fire wood

2.3.4 Noise control from use

of old or outdated /

machinery

4. 2.4.1 Damage to biological

Biological resource Flora, /

Resource Fauna, Biota

2.4.2 Damage to Indus

Dolphin upstream or V

downstream

2.4.3 Disturbance to

Taunsa Wildlife

Sanctuary on

RAMSAR list



Assessment


1* 2** 3**| 1 2** 3 1 2** 3

5. Socio 2.5.1 Existing services;

Economic education health, 9

and electricity, water

Cultural supply etc.

Issues 2.5.2 Tribal tensions and

local rivalries on X

canals and aquatic life

2.5.3 Land ownership

2.5.4 Land acquisition

2.5.5 Access to other

construction materials

2.5.6 Adverse effects on

archaeological sites

2.5.7 Chance finds _

2.5.8 Grave yard and

burials

2.5.9 Public safety at

construction sites

2.5.10 Health and safety of

labour and employees X

on construction site

2.5.11 Employment =-

3. Operational Phase

Assessment


1* 2** 3*** 1 * 2** 3*** 1 * 2** 3***

Monitoring 3.1.1 Strict application of the

prescribed M&E plan

Avoidable through design (Preventive)Mitigation through contractor's obligation or by communities through social framework agreement(curative)Non-reversible, Permanent change (to be adopted)



Assessment


2 ** 3*** l' 2** 3*** 1 * 2** 3***

and 3.1.2 Continuous evaluation

evaluation of design efficiency

as per 3.1.3 Understanding and

operational training of operational '

manual and manual

monitoring 3.1.4 Environment annual

plan audit

3.1.5 Regular maintenance =

3.1.6 Staff welfare /

3.1.7 Continued public 9

consultation

3.1.8 Continued gender

issues and women /

consultation

3.1.9 Canals to run upto

their capacity not /

beyond

3.1.10 Refresher course forV

the operational staff

7.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Table 7.1 provides a summary of the possible adverse environmental factors at pre-

construction, construction and operational phase and their degree of significance. This

section provides a brief explanation of each factor and suggests a mitigation measure for

that.

7.2.1 Preconstruction Phase

Taunsa Barrage Rehabilitation Project mainly addresses the defects which have developed

over past 50 years in the overall design of the barrage and if not mitigated will threaten the very

existence of Taunsa Barrage and its allied benefits. The main defects of high significance which

are being addressed are:-



Retrogression accompanied by pulsating Hydraulic jump, damage to friction blocks, reductionin discharge capacity of the barrage, excessive exit gradient, increased risk of piping failure andlimitation to lead across the weir from 30 feet down to 22 feet.

Mitigation Construction of a weir with appropriate design leading to elimination of thesedefects. Appropriate site is between 800' to 1500' downstream.

Uprootina of the friction blocks where top one foot thick reinforced cement concrete(1:2:5) skin is not constructed monolithic with the underlying main mass concrete owing towhich there exists a cleavage plan between the top skin concrete and main mass concrete.The mix ratio of 1:2.7:7 mass concrete is weak inherently. In addition its quality control wasnot proper.

Mitigation Through Proper design good specifications and monolicity ought to be esured.

* Oblique River Approach to Barrage On account of oblique river approach to the barragefrom right, the exit currents on the downstream also follow oblique direction. The obliqueexit results in formation of oblique jets, which sometimes are very strong and cause ahaywire turbulence which hamper the dissipation of energy thus worsening the condition inthe stilling basin.

Mitigation While designing the rehabilitation of the project, provide appropriate river trainingworks and provide a built in design for avoiding an oblique jet followed by disturbance in thestilling basin.

* Deficient thickness of downstream floor The weir and undersluice floor of TaunsaBarrage were designed as gravity type floor. But the design defects led to lifting of skinconcrete and shattering it into pieces.

Mitigation While redoing the downstream floor, the design should be prepared carefully andspecifications should be of high standard.

. Damage to glacis The glacis downstream of the gate line is badly abraded. Thereinforcement exposed by the eroded concrete has also been worn away to the extent thatpieces of reinforcement have fallen apart.



Mitigation This serious design defect can be removed by a proper design accompanied by

standard specifications at the design stage.

7.2.2 Construction Phase

(a) Land Resources

* Site for waste construction material

There is hardly any cutting involved. Most of the work would involve filling. There shall not

be much waste material for disposal or burial. If any such material does need a disposal,

enough land is available within 46 acres of Bela land where all activities pertaining to

Taunsa Barrage can be disposed off. Most suitable spot for such disposal is in the north-

eastern corner of the large piece of land of l&P Department.

Mitigation To be made contractor's obligation through contract document. This is a significant

but mitigable matter.

* Adiustment with unstable locations aPpearin-q durinq construction

In view of the calcareous and clayey nature of right bank some unprecedented situations may

be confronted.

Mitiqation Local readjustment in foundation treatment will be allowed to the contractor by the

RE.

* Location of Labour Camps, Material Camps. Equipment Yards and aDproach roads

Because of availability of l&P Department land and old workshop site, this will not cause any

serious problem.

Mitigation The Contractor will, in consultation with Resident Engineer, resolve the exact

location of all these facilities. In case the contractor opts to make his own arrangements, no

responsibility shall fall on Irrigation & Power Department.

* Limitations of Construction Site other than aiven at 2.1.2

Such situations may arise due to river behaviour or any unanticipated social event.



Mitigation Contractor in consultation with Resident Engineer will be contractually bound toresolve the issues(s), in the best interest of Irrigation & Power Department.

* Rehabilitation of Project borrow sites and Sites for storage of materials

Although these will be located in the l&P Department land, yet these must be restored to their

best conditions before the contractor closes his work. The borrow areas will be located on the

outer side of the upstream guide bunds.

Mitigation Contractor's obligation to restore the sites to their best form as per satisfaction ofResident Engineer. Ordinarily, such borrow areas get filled with spill of the river and the

sediments even them out in due course.

* Stabilization of sites on earth fill works

This is highly significant check point.

Mitigation Contractor's contractual obligation and strict supervision by Resident Engineer.

* Agriculture Land or Crop Destruction

No agricultural land is involved anywhere in the project implementation. But at times such a

situation may arise due to mistake of contractor's labour or vehicle drivers, or Contractor's

deliberate option.

Mitigation Contractor's contractual obligation to compensate the farmers immediately. Such an

act by Contractor shall not accrue any responsibility on the Irrigation & Power Department.

* Contamination from diesel and other Spills from construction machinerv

At places it may be inevitable.

Mitigation Contractor's contractual obligation to impose strict rules not to cause spills. If it does,it must be followed by mopping up.



* Earthen Embankments or Concrete Work. Edae Scourina

Must be dealt with design stage. Aprons should be provided to secure edges and specifications

must be kept of high standard.

Mitigation Design stage and strict application of operational manual.

* Discharge to unstable slopes or leakages on construction

If does, it must be contractor's obligation to not to let it happen.

Mitigation Contractor's contractual obligation.

* Any Discharge or diversion of water to any graveyard

No such situation has been noticed so far. If it does at any stage it must be secured through rip-

rap work.

Mitigation Contingency may be provided in the BOQ and it should be entrusted to Contractor

as his contractual obligation.

* Any discharge. spill or dumpina onto any Building or house on river bank

No such situation has been noticed during surveys. Should a situation present itself during

project implementation, the owner may be compensated by the contractor.

Mitigation Contractor's contractual obligation to compensate such losses.

(b) Hydrology and water resources

* Sources of construction water

Ordinarily the river water is suitable. If obtained elsewhere, it must be compensated.

Mitigation Contractor's contractual obligation to pay for water obtained from source other than

river.



* Diesel and other fluids spillina over the River from construction company

Same care as for material depots.

Mitigation Contractor's contractual obligation to not to let it happen. Should it happen it must

be duly mopped up.

* Protection of construction work from floods

A suitable flood warning system from l&P Department and full arrangement to save the box in

the river.

Mitigation Contractor's contractual obligation to make fool proof arrangements in advance.

* Obstruction of water downstream

River flow downstream shall be facilitated by suitable arrangements agreed between the

contractor and the Resident Engineer.

Mitigation Contractor's contractual obligation.

* Effects of Surface flow conditions

Must be addressed at design stage.

Mitigation Design Engineer to accommodate this factor in the design so as to avoid negative

impacts.

(c) Air Quality and Noise Pollution

The possible impacts on air quality and noise level could be as follows:

* Dust and smoke and other pollutants from construction machinery.

* Dust or other pollutants from stored materials and spoil heaps.

* Smoke from burning of waste materials or burning firewood.

* Noise from use of old and outdated machinery.



Mitiaation Contractor's contractual obligation to keep these impacts under control by using

machinery which is well maintained and is almost noiseless. 20 kacha roads are sprinked with

water many times a day. Gas stoves are used in labour camps. The stored materials are

secured properly. RE makes strict inspections of all these facilities.

(d) Biological Resources

The anticipated biological impacts can be on the following:

* Damage to flora, fauna or biota.

* Damage to Indus Dolphin upstream or downstream.

* Disturbance to Taunsa Game Sanctuary as a RAMSAS site.

Mitigation

1. Contractor's obligation to strictly respect the limits of construction site, and not to enter the

wildlife sanctuary area at all.

2. Continuous inspection of the area jointly with other agencies involved in maintenance of

protected areas.

3. Provision of Fish Ladders and Navigation Lock, in the new weir.

(e) Socio-economic and cultural issues

These could be:-

* Disturbance to existing services; education, health, electricity, water supply or sinology.

* Aggravation of any Tribal Tensions and local rivalries on dispute on canal water or aquatic

life.

* Aggravation of dispute on land ownership.

* Any need for land acquisition.

* Access to other construction materials.

* Adverse effects on known archaeological sites.

* Dealing with chance finds.

* Dealing with grave yards or burials.

* Problem to ensuring public safety at construction site.

* Problem to Health and Safety of Labour and employees on construction work.

* Employment of locals.



Mitigation

1. Social Framework Agreement (SFA) with communities to ensure their participation inmatters pertaining to them.

2. All matters to be attended by the contractor, to be made his contractual obligation.

7.2.3 Operational Phase

At operational phase the Project Manager shall develop a comprehensive operational andMaintenance Manual as per ISO Standards. Monitoring and Evaluation has to be done as peroperational manual and monitoring plan. Mistakes at operational level or handling of operationsby untrained staff can prove very costly. Important points to be attended at operation stage areas follows:

* Comprehensive O&M Rules as per ISO Standard.

* Strict application of prescribed M&E Plan.

* Continuous evaluation of design efficiency.

* Understanding and Training of Operational Manual.

* Environmental Annual Audit.

* Regular Maintenance of Engineering Works.

* Staff Welfare.

* Continued Public Consultation.

* Continued attention towards Gender Issues and Women Consultations.

* Canals to run upto their capacity and not beyond.

* Refresher courses for operational staff.

The operational life of the rehabilitation work and the rehabilitated Taunsa Barrage shall bedirectly proportionate to the degree of seriousness attached with the above operational andmaintenance obligations.

7.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS

In ultimate analysis, the impacts of the project on social and economic activities in the area willbe mostly positive. The economic analysis shows very high economic benefits compared tocost. The economic benefits of the project are:



i. Boost to agriculture through ensured and enhanced irrigation in at least three Districts of

Muzaffargarh, Dera Ghazi Khan and Rajanpur.

ii. Increased economic activity will improve transport and will ensure easy marketing of

agricultural produce and the Mango crops.

iii. With improved economy, there shall be improvement in service areas and wider

opportunities for employment, education, healthcare especially for women and children.

iv. Possible stimulus to other diversified economic development such as Tourism

development programmes.

v. Employment during construction, a large number of semi and unskilled workers in the

service area will be hired.

vi. Greater awareness about Health care including HIV/AIDS amongst the labour and the

closely community.

At micro-level, the hustle and bustle of the economic activities may bring the cost of living down

by making essential commodities at cheaper rates. This combined with higher incidence of

employment will bring the poverty line from 38% to 25%.


8Environmental Management Plan

iiri

I

I


8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.1 GENERAL

This Chapter contains the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the Project. It has three

components:

* Mitigation Plan

* Monitoring Plan

* Institutional Strengthening

Most of the proposed EMP mitigation activities will be assured under provisions in the

Engineering Design, provisions in the construction contracts, Engineering Supervision contract

and as necessary by agreement with communities.

8.2 MITIGATION PLAN

The mitigation plan includes measures to mitigate potential negative project effects and

enhance its positive impacts (as analysed and brought forth in Chapter 7) during initial physical

works and normal operations of the barrage. These are summarized in this section in a

comprehensive EMP in Table 8.1. This table also provides a "check list" for those responsible

for implementation and monitoring of EMP.

Table 8.1

Mitigation Summary

Table below provides an illustrative summary of mitigation measures with estimated quantities

and costs:

Sr.No. I Impact Mitigation Measures | Quantities & Costs

(A) Land Resources

01. Location of the The site "A" is the best suited as

construction site for compared to the site B&C.

the main weir of the Calculation reflected in

rehabilitated Site A is 1500 feet away BOQ and the Q.

barrage Site B was 800 feet away

From main barrage.



Sr.No. Impact Mitigation Measures Quantities & CostsBy locating weir A gave thefollowing advantages:

- Optimal distance from barrage

to the river floor.

- Maximum consolidated

- Minimal scouring

- Site B gives the same results

with less cost Choose A or Bafter

simulation.

02. Site for extraction of The contractor will rehabilitate Calculation reflected infill material these sites so it will be involved in BOQ in the design

the contractor's obligations as section.

defined in the above.03. Site for disposal of - Contractor's obligation defined Calculation as

water construction in the contract document. reflected in BOQ andweir shown in design

- Community obligations in Social

Framework Agreement (SFA)04. Adjustment with The specifications will be Readjustment to be

unstable site during modified/changed to stabilize the taken as a part of theconstruction situation. Foundation depth may BOQ.especially in be readjusted. Contractor'sfoundation obligation to point out such

situation at once.05. Location of labour Contractor's obligations defined Calculation reflected in

camps, materials, in the contract defined in the BOQ in the design.equipment and contract document.special approaches Community obligations in Socialroutes and roads. Framework Agreement (SFA).

06. Relocation of Contractor's obligation defined in Calculation ascamps, material, the contract document and reflected in BOQ.equipment and community obligations as statedapproach routes in SFA.

and roads.



Sr.No. Impact Mitigation Measures Quantities & Costs

07. Rehabilitation of Contracts obligation as defined in Calculation as per

labour site, storage the contract document and BOQ.

material sites, etc. community obligations as defined

in SFA.

08. Stabilization of Initially the problem will be Quantities as per

slopes on earth fill avoided through appropriate BOQ.

work. design. Also it will be contractor's

obligation to ensure the

stabilization of slopes.

09. Contamination from It will be contractor's obligation to Cost to be reflected in

Diesel and other avoid such spills and misuse of BOQ.

spills from machinery. Provision should be

construction made in the contract document.

machinery

10. Damages, paths, Contractor's obligation reflected Cost to be reflected in

roads and linear in the contract. the BOQ.

fixtures

crossed/damaged

by machinery

moving to and from

the construction

site.

11. Earthen Contractor's obligation as Cost to be reflected in

embankment or reflected in the contract. BOQ.

concrete work edge

scouring on the

protection bunds or

main sill structure

12. Exposure of any Contractor's obligation as Cost to be reflected in

unstable slopes reflected in the contract. BOQ.

uncompacted

embankments or

leakage into

construction block.



Sr.No. Impact Mitigation Measures Quantities & Costs13. Any discharge or Contractor's obligation As Cost to be reflected in

diversion of water to provided in the contract. BOQ.a graveyard or

archaeological site. In collaboration with the(No such situation communities as per Social

found at this stage). Framework Agreement (SFA).

14. Any discharge spill Contractor's obligation as Cost to be reflected inor dumping on a provided in the contract BOQ.building or house on document.

the bank of the

river.

(B) Water Resources

15. Sources of Procurement sites to be specified Cost to be reflected inconstruction water in the contract document and BOQ.

made an obligation of the

contractor. Main Source: River.

Source other than River is

Contractor's own responsibility.

16. Diesel and other Contractor's obligations not to Cost to be reflected influids spilling over to allow this to happen as per BOQ.

river water from provisions in the contract

construction document. If it happens, mopping

machinery. up is Contractor's obligation.

17. Necessary for Contractor to make suitable Cost to be reflected inprotection of arrangement as part of the BOQ.construction work contract.

from floods.

18. Obstruction of flow The contractor will ensure that as Cost to be reflected inof water par of his contract no obstruction BOQ.downstream is caused to the downstream

water flow




(C) Air Quality and Noise Pollution

19. Dust, smoke and Contractor's obligation as part of Cost to be covered in

other potential contract to ensure that such BOQ.

pollutants from pollutants are not emitted.

construction Suitable provisions to be made in

machinery. the contract documents.

20. Smoke from burning Contractor's obligation to provide Cost to be covered in

of waste material or gas to the labour and not to allow BOQ

burning of firewood them to use fuel wood.

in the labour camp

21. Noise from use of Contractor's obligation to use Any costs to be

old or outdated appropriate and fit machinery. reflected in BOQ.

machinery.

(D) Biological Resources

22. Damage to i. Contractor's obligation as per Any costs to be

biological resources contract. reflected in BOQ.

during construction.

ii. Local communities to be

involved through SFA.

23. Damage to Indus i. Specific obligation of the Any costs to be

Dolphin upstream or contractor, not to cause damage reflected in BOQ.

downstream or on to the Indus Dolphin.

construction site.

ii. Any special structures to be

built to facilitate the local ponding

of Dolphin.

24. Disturbance to i. In case any change or Any costs to be

Taunsa Barrage disturbance is anticipated it must incurred may be

Game Sanctuary be intimated to RAMSAS reflected in BOQ

which also is a secretariat.

RAMSAR site. ii. Locally, not much change is

expected. If some structures to

conserve RAMSAR site are

required, these be provided.



Sr.No. I Impact Mitigation Measures | Quantities & Costs

(E) Socio-economic and Cultural Issues

25. Existing service Service facilities may be No cost to Project and

facilities like regularized through a Social I&P Department.

education, health, Framework Agreement (SFA)

electricity, drinking between Project, the concerned

water supply, public Service Departments and

gatherings, religious Communities.

congregations etc.

26. Tribal Tensions and Communities can help to resolve No cost to Project.

local rivalries on the tribal matters through a SFA.

running canals and

use of aquatic life.

27. Land Acquisition Not involved in this project. No cost involved.

28. Chance Finds Should a chance find, it will be No cost to Project.

handled according to the laws

promulgated by the Provincial

Government through the

Archaeological Department.

29. Adverse effects on No archaeological site has been No cost to the Project

archaeological sites. discovered or reported so far, or Government.

within or within the vicinity of the

project area. Should there be a

"find" it will be handled as per

relevant law.

30. Any grave yards No serious threat so far. Should a No cost to Project or

and burial place. grave-yard or a burial place be Provincial

discovered or reported, it will be Government.

saved and protected.

31. Public Safety at i. Accurate and appropriate Any cost incurred to

Construction Site sinology during construction and be included in the

operation phase. BOQ.

ii. Right of way to public traffic

and pedestrians guaranteed.




iii. A well worked out SFA so that

communities know as to how to

use and protect facilities.

32. Employment Communities to be taken into No cost to the Project.

Opportunities confidence through an SFA that

maximum number of unskilled

and semi-skilled workers will be

recruited locally, during

construction as well as

operational phase.

8.3 MITIGATION (AVOIDANCE) OF ADVERSE IMPACTS AT DESIGN PHASE

Built in, inherent and devastatingly negative impacts can be invited through an unsound design

and most negative factors can be avoided (eliminated) through the use of improved and

environmentally sound technical designs. Usually, the engineers find a compromise

somewhere in between to adjust with the available finances. The secondary weir has, however,

been designed on modern lines, in fact imbibing state of the art model. It has been ensure that

the old age defects, which have appeared over past 50 years, are eliminated and no similar

defects ever reappear. Most significant of these negative impacts have been listed and

discussed in this report, at various places, under Pre-construction (Design) phase mitigation. To

name them, these are Retrogression, Uprooting of friction blocks, oblique river approach

deficient thickness of downstream floor and damage to glacis. The project in hand in fact is a

rehabilitation move for the old project through a sound design.

8.4 TENDER AND CONSTRUCTION PHASE

8.4.1 Impact Reduction Measures

There are specific measures required of contractor to reduce the potential impacts of physical

works and also the proposals for monitoring contractor's compliance/performance during

construction. These measures will be detailed in the construction tenders.



The contract document will contain requirements for:

* Proper management of construction waste.

* Control measure for waste fuel.

* Oil lubricants; reduction of noise and dust level.

* Rehabilitation of areas used for construction detours and sites used to temporarily store

construction materials.

* Use and proper maintenance of equipment with appropriate noise and smoke abatement

control.

Specific provisions will also be included to mandate the use of formal health and safety

measures to minimize accidents and avoid fatalities during the construction process.

Advisory elements to address a number of other issues will also be included in the contract.

These will include:

* Road Closures: For transporting construction material or conveying heavy machinery to

the site, main barrage road may have to be temporarily closed and access of public for

certain period may have to be blocked. The dates, timings and duration of such periods will

need to be agreed with authorities and communities.

* Cultural and Historical Resources: Communities shall be requested to identify in the field

all known sites of cultural and historical value that may be affected by the project for the

contractor.

* Archaeological Field Support: The Government of the Punjab will make available (on

demand) a qualified archaeologist to conduct field investigations when important search

work and new material sites are opened. No such site is yet in view but just in case it does,

the services of archaeologist can be had.

* Graveyard and Burials: If unrecorded graveyards and/or burials are found during the

course of construction activities, the supervision agency will contact and work with local

religious authorities within the project area to allow for possible identification of the remains

and when appropriate, properly undertake relocation and burial.



* Local Employment: The contractor is advised that both unskilled labour and skilled

masons/mistries/store workers are easily available from local communities as and when

required. There is no obligation to hire local labour but it is desirable that some employment

benefits are made available to local communities.

* Land Acquisition and other compensation: During the community consultation, in the

project area, it was made clear by the communities hat they would expect due

compensation, if in anyway their buildings, trees or land was affected or destroyed during

construction of the secondary weir or any of its allied structures. Uptil now, in this project, no

such case is involved.

* Resource use Agreements - Construction Materials: Earth is available along protection

bunds from Government land. The river bed sand is fit for use in construction. Stones are

available from Sakhi Sarwar in Dera Ghazi Khan at about 112 Kms from the construction

site. Yet there may be a need for additional agreements with public to obtain materials. In

that case the Farm land should be given the lowest priority in sourcing the fill material

wherever the borrow pits are dug, considerable care should be taken in its location. The site

may invariably be rehabilitated after use. Ideal is that the site is made good to a condition

similar to that prior to the project. It will be helpful if photographs of pre-project condition

may be used for comparative purposes.

* Resource use Agreements - Water: Although ample quantities of good water are

available as surface and ground water in the project area, yet, the contractor will be

required to detail daily water demands and indicate source of water prior to the start of

construction. It may also be required as to the disposal of waste water without polluting

fertile soil, clean river water or ambient air.

8.4.2 Pretender Conference

To ensure full understanding of above clauses by prospective contractors, all prequalified

contractors will attend a pre-tender conference, where they will be briefed on their

responsibilities with regard to environmental, social and health and safety issues. These

briefings will review specific provisions of the construction tender documents and contracts.



8.4.3 Preconstruction Coordination Meeting

Once a contract is awarded the contactor will be required to attend coordination meeting(s) with

project authorities and local communities. At these meetings the Project Manager and the

Resident Engineer of the Project will further explain the Terms and Conditions of the Contract,

especially the narrated above, if possible with respect to specified physical sites listed in the

contract document.

8.5 OPERATIONAL PHASE - MANAGEMENT OF OPERATIONAL IMPACTS

The Project will also address future maintenance impacts. These may be implemented through

specially requested financial support through Finance Department as recurring budget to avoid

deterioration of the rehabilitated barrage and associated hydrological problems. Maintenance

agency/contractor will be required to follow procedures similar to those for the construction

contractors concerning proper disposal of construction waste, control measure, for waste fuel,

oil and lubricants and adoption of health and safety measures for personnel.

8.6 MANAGEMENT OF SOCIAL IMPACTS

Social Impact will be managed primarily through Social Framework Agreement (SFA between

Irrigation & Power Department, and the communities living in the vicinity of the Project area.

The SFA will be drafted and signed when the project is finally approved and the implementation

commences. A draft agreement has been provided which may be updated, if any clause is

missing.

8.7 MONITORING PLAN

* Environmental Impacts

The Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) will be implemented by the Resident Engineer or a

Monitoring and Evaluation Officer or a Monitoring and Evaluation Unit, specially authorized for

this purpose by the Irrigation & Power Department. For further description such authorized

person may be called the M&E Unit.



The M&E Unit will monitor application of environmental measures for detailed design,

construction and bidding for rehabilitation contracts for the barrage. The results of M&E

activities will be included as a routine elements of reports prepared by the Project Manager, the

Irrigation & Power Department and the visiting World Bank Mission.

The monitoring programme will comprise of the site inspections designed to determine

contractor compliance or otherwise with the EMP and other applicable regulations and statutes.

Monitoring programme designed to provide quantitative assessments of environmental

parameters under pre and post project conditions are not proposed. It is agreed that:

* Any project effects will be easily identified by site inspections and in discussions with site

incharge(s), RE, and local communities.

* The project is a localized activity and the changes to the environment are likely to be

minimum.

* Except for some unanticipated factors, originating from off site facilities, the Project is not

likely to cause any disamenity to the communities anywhere, even for a limited period. At off

site facilities, if needed, inspections (and complaints if any) will indicate whether any further

action needs to be taken.

The proposed site inspections should be carried out on a regular basis but not necessarily to a

structured pattern. However, as a minimum, M&E activity the programme outlined in Table 8-2

below should be observed:

Table 8-2

Minimum Monitoring Plan

Sr.No. Project Phase Proposed Minimum Inspections

01. Preconstruction One visit to main project site.

One visit each to each Borrow Site, Camp Site,

Material Depot Site, proposed machinery yard and

other proposed sites.

One visit to each community.

One visit to proposed water source.



Sr.No. Project Phase Proposed Minimum Inspections

02. Construction Visits to main project site at 20%, 50%, 75% and

100% completion stage.

One visit to other project sites every quarters.

03. Post Construction One visit to each constructed site (part) site during

construction.

Two visits to each remediation site 12-18 months after

rehabilitation and modernization of barrage.

It is also anticipated that additional inspection will be required in response to any complaints by

local communities. So another two visits per quarter may be budgeted for M&E Units.

For the inspection process to function, access to the project and other related sites must be

guaranteed. Accordingly, the contract documents and operating documents shall incorporate a

phrase with similar intent to that outlined below:

Any officer authorized in writing by Project Manager/lrrigation & Power Department or

Environmental Protection Council (EPC), may at any time enter any premises whether

prescribed or otherwise and may:

* Examine and inspect equipment, control equipment, monitoring equipment or plant.

Take samples of any pollutants that are emitted, discharged or deposited, or are likely

to be or are of a class or kind that are usually emitted, discharged or deposited from

such premises.

* Examine any books, records or documents relating to the performance or use of such

equipment, control equipment, monitoring equipment or plant or relating to the emission,

discharge or deposit from such premises.

* Photograph such premises as he considers necessary or make copies of any book,

records or documents seen in the course of such examination.

After construction the sub-weir will require only limited maintenance. There are no facilities,

maintenance yards or any other sites proposed to be developed specifically for the project

operation and maintenance. There will, therefore, be no requirement for a fixed program of site

inspections during this phase. Resources should however be made for a limited program of

random inspections intended to ensure that maintenance contractors comply with the



procedures outlined for all contractors with regard to such matters as waste materials disposal,

and the application of appropriate health and safety measures.

* Socio-economic Impact

A programme is proposed to monitor key social development and economic indicators as a

means of defining overall project performance.

These indicators include:

* Area expanded under Agriculture

* Prices of essential commodities (cost of living)

* Any improvement in marketing of Agri produce

* Other poverty and gender indicators

* Any Improvement in performance of main barrage and canals.

These socio-economic indicators have been selected on the bases of the base line data

collected for this project.

8.8 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

8.8.1 Management Responsibility

Responsibility for environmental management will rest with agencies of the Irrigation and Power

Department, Government of the Punjab.

(i) The Executing Agency : Irrigation & Power Department

(ii) Supervising Agency : Project Manager (PM)

appointed by Irrigation & Power Department

(iii) Monitoring Agency : Environmental Unit

(RE or M&E Officer or M&E Unit)



(i) The Executing Agency

The Executing Agency will assume overall responsibility for ensuring:

a) The design and assessment of the physical work options in accordance with

environmental norms, regulations and requirements promulgated by Pakistan

Environmental Agency, Punjab and EPC Pakistan.

b) Overall responsibility for project implementation of the activities under the project EMP.

Consulting design engineers will assist the executing agency by providing alternative line

designs and with the preparation of the bidding documents with specific actions taking into

account environmental protection requirements. Contractors will be responsible for the

implementation of the upgrading / rehabilitation works in accordance with the environmental

requirements speicified in the bidding documents.

(ii) SuDervising Agency

The Project Manager appointed by the Irrigation & Power Department, Government of the

Punjab will be the Supervising Agency and will be responsible for the timely and sound

execution of works and activities in sequence under the project.

(iii) Monitoring Agency

It is intended to create an environmental unit (EU) within Irrigation & Power Department to

monitor project performance. The function of this Unit will be:

a) The EU may consist of only RE or an M&E Officer or a Committee called the

Environmental Committee.

b) Post construction road maintenance activities will be implemented in coordination with

the Barrage Maintenance Manual and those institutions responsible for its safety.

c) The EU will be staffed with qualified personnel before project effectiveness. The Project

Manager will also be responsible for the implementation of the EMP. External project

monitoring and evaluation will be carried out by the World Bank (WB).



8.8.2 Institutional Strengthening

The existing organogram of the l&P Department can be seen in Figure 8.1 in which a PMO

shall be created to manage the project during construction. As a part of the PMO, an

Environmental Unit (EU) has been proposed. At operational phase a suitable recurring

arrangements shall be made. Institutional strengthening activities will be necessary to facilitate

implementation of the EMP. The staff of Environmental Unit will receive training before

commencing their full scale work.

The EU staff should in turn be required to provide in house training on Environmental

Management to rest of the technical staff employed on the project or barrage complex

management.

8.8.3 Reporting and Supervision

* Reportinq

After each inspection by EU a report shall be compiled that is location and activity specific. This

shall identify areas of contractor non-compliance with the EMP and provide guiding remarks on

actions to be taken. The significance of the non-compliance shall also be noted. These reports

shall be prepared by the EU. Copies of these reports shall be sent to the Project Manager who

shall forward them to the Resident Engineer, Irrigation & Power Department and the Contractor

for their action.

The Project Manager will include in his routine reports a summary status of activities relating to

the EMP. As necessary, supplemental reports with greater detail than the routine reports should

also be prepared.

* Supervision

The Supervision Plan for the Project will include provisions for the participation of World Bank

environmental staff in supervision missions, as appropriate and subject to available funding, to

review progress in implementation of the EMP. The performance of the Project Manager in the

implementation of these activities under the Project will be a standard element of supervision

mission reports, including these from the Early Implementation Assessment, and the

Implementation Completion Mission.



8.9 COMPREHENSIVE SUMMARY OF EMP

Impact Mitigation Responsibility

Mitigation Contract and Implementation Monitoring

Measure Social

Framework

Agreement

(SFA) Clauses

(A) PRECONSTRUCTION: DESIGN PHASE

All impacts pertain to River behaviour in combination with Taunsa Barrage. The negative

impacts already developed are being remedied through the project design and are likely to

recur if not forestalled through appropriate design. All the following impacts can be avoided

through a good design at preconstruction (design) stage:

1 .

Retrogression Technically Corresponding Design Engineer EU/PMO

Downstream sound and sound (DE)

economical specification in

design of Tender and

secondary weir Contract

Documents

2. Pulsating Technically Corresponding (DE) EU/PMO

Hydraulic Jump sound and sound




Documents

3. Damage to Technically Corresponding (DE) EU/PMO

friction blocks sound and sound




Documents





Measure Social

Framework

Agreement

(SFA) Clauses

4. Excessive Technically Corresponding (DE) EU/PMO

Exit Gradient sound and sound



structure Contract

Documents

5. Increased Technically Corresponding (DE) EU/PMO

risk of piping sound and sound


design and Tender and

specifications Contract

Documents

6. Limitation Technically Corresponding (DE) EU/PMO

due to silt sound and sound

deposit above economical specification in

weir design of Tender and

structures. Contract

Documents

7. Uprooting of Technically Corresponding (DE) EU/PMO

friction block sound and sound



specifications. Contract

Documents

8. RCC Technically Corresponding (DE) EU/PMO

monlicity sound and sound

defects economical specification in


specifications. Contract

Documents




Mitigation Contract and Implementation MonitoringMeasure Social

Framework

Agreement

(SFA) Clauses

9. RCC Quality Technically Corresponding (DE) EU/PMO

Control defect sound and sound



structures. Contract

Documents

10. Oblique Technically Corresponding (DE) EU/PMORiver approach sound and sound

economic design specification in

of structures. Tender and

Contract

Documents

11. Haywire Technically Corresponding (DE) EU/PMOTurbulence sound and sound



structures Contract

Documents

12. Heavy Technically Corresponding (DE) EU/PMO

Silting of Basin sound and sound


design of allied Tender and

structures Contract

Documents

13. Heavy Technically Corresponding (DE) EU/PMO

Silting of sound and sound

Canals economical specification in

design of canal Tender and

Headworks Contract

Documents





Measure Social

Framework

Agreement

(SFA) Clauses

14. Reduction Technically Corresponding (DE) EU/PMO

in Capacity sound and sound


design for silt Tender and

control Contract

Documents

15. Abrasion of Technically Corresponding (DE) EU/PMO

glacis sound and sound

downstream economical specification in

design for glacis Tender and

Contract

Documents

16. Sheltering Technically Corresponding (DE) EU/PMO

of concrete floor sound and sound

due to economical specification in

inconsistent design of sulice Tender and

undersluice Contract

floor Documents

17. Obstruction Technically Corresponding (DE) EU/PMO

to Navigation sound and sound



Navigation Lock Contract

Documents

18. Obstruction Technically Corresponding (DE) EU/PMO

to Fish sound and sound

Navigation economical specification in

design of Fish Tender and

Ladder Contract

Documents





Framework

Agreement

(SFA) Clauses19. Obstruction Technically Corresponding (DE) EU/PMOto Indus sound and sound

Dolphin economical specification in

design for Tender and

building local Contract

habitats for Documents

Dolphin

Construction Phase

1. LAND RESOURCES

1.1

Site for disposal Controlled Contractor's RE1 EU/PMO3

of waste disposal of the obligation asconstruction waste defined in the DE2

material construction contract

material on documents

agreed site in

agreed method

1.2

Adjustment with The specification Contractor's RE and DE with EU/PMOunstable will be obligation as approval of PMlocations modified/changed defined in theappearing to stabilize the contract

during situation. document

construction Foundation depth

especially in can be changed.

foundation

' RE Resident Engineer2 DE Design Engineer3 PMO Project Management OfficeEU Environment Unit





Measure Social

Framework

Agreement

(SFA) Clauses

1.3

Location of There are control Contractor's RE EU/PMO

camps, measures obligations to

materials, involved in the locate these

equipment and contractor's sites in

special obligations. agreement with

approach RE as per

routes and contract and

roads community

obligation as

per SEA.

1.4

Limitation of These sites will Contractor's RE EU/PMO

construction be rehabilitated obligations

site other than by the contractor, defined in

given at 1.2 so it will be contract data

above involved in and SFA with

contractor's community.

obligations.

1.5

Rehabilitation of These sites will Contractor's RE EU/PMO

project be rehabilitated obligation

extraction sites by the contractor, defined in

and storage so it will be contract data

materials involved in

contractor's

obligations.

1.6

Stabilization of Appropriate Preferably Design Engineer EU/PMO

slopes on earth design for whole of (DE)





Framework

Agreement

(SFA) Clauses

fill works protection and problem ought

minimizing to be mitigated and

downstream through design.

effects. For any further Resident

eventuality, it is Engineer (RE)

contractor's

obligation to

minimize the

downstream

impact.

1.7

Agriculture land Cuts, fills, digging Contractor's RE EU/PMOdestruction and borrow obligation to

(Not anticipated operations to be refrain from

at this stage) controlled. entering into

unauthorized

Disposal of waste agricultural land

material to be to be defined in

controlled. the contract

document

clearly.

1.8

Contamination These are control Contractor's RE EU/PMO

from diesel and measures obligations

other spills from involved in defined in

construction contractor's contract data

machinery. obligation, under

contract.





Measure Social

Framework

Agreement

(SFA) Clauses

1.9

Drainages, Temporary Contract DE EU/PMO

paths, roads protection to be document and

any linear provided to help drawings to And

fixtures drainage to cross clearly spot

crossed/ by providing such points and RE

damaged by culverts or piping, contract

machinery and protecting document may

moving to and other fixtures. make it

from the contractor's

construction obligations to

site. make

temporary

arrangements.

1.10

Earthen It will be Contract DE EU/PMO

embankment or protected by documents and

concrete work protection walls, Drawing to And

edge scouring or stone rip-rap indicate such

on the work. spots and to RE

Protection make it

Bunds or on contractor's

main sill obligation to not

structure. to allow

scouring.

1.11

Discharge to Must be Provision in DE EU/PMO

unstable protected by contract





Framework

Agreement

(SFA) Clauses

slopes, providing water documents and And

uncompacted diversion drawings.

embankments techniques as RE

or leakages into well as riprap

construction work as the case

block. may be.

1.12

Any discharge No graveyard Contract DE EU/PMO

or diversion of was seen near document,

water to any construction site drawing and And

graveyards or during survey. If it community

archaeological does emerge if obligation in RE

sites. must be Social

protected by rip- Framework

rap work. Agreement

(SFA).

1.13

Any discharge, It must be Contract DE EU/PMO

spill or dumping protected by a document and

onto any wall, retaining drawing. And

building or walls or rip-rap

house on the work as the case RE

bank of the may be.

river.

2. HYDROLOGY AND WATER

2.1

Source of River water and Contract RE EU/PMO

Construction groundwater Documents and

water. available in Contractor's





Measure Social

Framework

Agreement

(SFA) Clauses

nearly tubewell is obligations.

suitable.

However, the

groundwater

must be used

carefully.

2.2

Diesel and Thee are control Contractor's RE EU/PMO

other fluids measures obligations to

spilling over to involved in the be clearly

River water contractor's defined in

from obligations. contract

construction document.

machinery.

2.3

Protection of Although very Contractor's RE EU/PMO

construction unlikely, yet obligation and

work from flood. provision ought drawings to

to be made to keep contractor

protect the alert and

structures in the equipped

event of flood by against any

temporary such

protection of eventuality.

works under

consideration.

2.4

Obstruction of Providing proper Contractor's RE, EU/PMO

flow of water diversion for obligation and

downstream water flow. coordination XEN





Measure Social

Framework

Agreement

(SFA) Clauses

with the

By suitably Barrage Taunsa

opening and Management Barrage

closing of Authorities and

Barrage gates. suitable

provisions in

SFA to prepare

communities,

especially

Fishermen, for

such a

readjustment.

3. AIR QUALITY AND NOISE POLLUTION

3.1

Dust and Using strict Contractor's RE EU/PMO

smoke and standards for obligation

other potential maintenance of defined in

pollutants from contractor's contract data.

construction machinery.

machinery.

Sprinkling of

water wherever

earth is dumped.

Provision of

protective masks

to work force in

all areas.





Measure Social

Framework

Agreement

(SFA) Clauses

3.2

Dust or other Preferably Contractor's RE EU/PMO

pollutants from location away obligation

stored materials from the defined in the

and spoil heaps communities. contract

document.

OR

Covering the

materials and

effective control

of the fugitive

dust during

delivery.

3.3

Smoke from Prohibition on Contractor's RE EU/PMO

burning of burning of waste obligation

waste materials material. It defined in

or burning of should be buried contract data to

firewood in the at a preselected refrain from

labour camp. and agreed safe burning waste

place. material and

fuelwood and to

Supply of Fon provide

Gas to labour substitute for

camp. Prohibition fuelwood.

of burning

fuelwood in the

Camp.



Impact Mitigation ResponsibilityMitigation Contract and Implementation MonitoringMeasure Social

Framework

Agreement

(SFA) Clauses3.4

Noise control There are control Contractor's RE EU/PMOfrom use of old measures obligation

or outdated involved in defined in themachinery contractor's contract

obligations to use document.

appropriate

machinery and

avoid creating

noise at night.

4. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES

4.1

Damage to Unnecessary and Contractor's RE EU/PMOBiological out of bound obligation in theresources activities and contract toduring movements respect wildlife,construction should be Forest and

prohibited for all. Fisheries Laws.

(continued)

A special clause

incorporated in

the contract

documents to

respect and

conserve bio-

diversity and

conserve its

terrestrial as

well as aquatic





Measure Social

Framework

Agreement

(SFA) Clauses

habitat.

To provide RE EU/PMO

necessary Sign

Boards to make

labour, visitors

and all

concerned

aware of their

obligations

towards Biota.

4.2

Damage to To facilitate RE EU/PMO

Biological inspections by

resources Wildlife, Forest

during and Fisheries

construction Officers to

ensure a proper

implementation

of the relevant

laws.

To involve RE EU/PMO

communities

through SFA.

4.3

Damage to Catching, killing, Contractor's EU/PMO

Indus Dolphin poaching, eating obligation in the





Framework

Agreement

(SFA) Clausesupstream or or chasing the contract at thedownstream or Indus Dolphin pain of heavyon construction upstream or penalty tosite. downstream the protect Dolphin.

Taunsa Barrage

to be strictly Wildlife Law to

prohibited. conserve

Dolphin to be

provoked

separately

through Wildlife

Department to

deter offender.

Involve public in

the awareness

and Dolphin

conservation

through SFA.

4.4

Disturbance to Notification of Contractor's RE EU/PMOTaunsa Game Game Sanctuary obligations.

Sanctuary which expired in

upstream 1998, should be SFATaunsa got revived for

Barrage which next five (05) Appropriate

also on years. application of

RAMSAR list. Wildlife

Complete Fisheries and

Prohibition of any Forest Laws.





Measure Social

Framework

Agreement

(SFA) Clauses

activity, even

Fisheries

exploitation or

grazing of cattle

within the bounds

of the Game

Sanctuary.

In collaboration

with VVildlife

Department

assess if the

objections of the

Game Sanctuary

are fulfilled.

5. SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL ISSUES

5.1

Socio-economic Social Contractor's RE EU/PMO

and cultural consultation was obligation

issues, e.g., done and all defined in

existing service impacts contract data

facilities like influencing the and community

education, communities obligation in

health, were defined, Social

electricity, and all those Framework

drinking water factors were Agreement

supply, public added into and (SFA).





Framework

Agreement

(SFA) Clausesgathering, incorporated in

religious the contract

congregation, document of the

etc. contractor and

SFA of the

communities.

5.2

Tribal Tensions All such issues to Contractor's RE EU/PMOand Local be defined and obligations

Rivalies on incorporated in defined inrunning canals Contract contract data

and use of Document and and SFA.

aquatic life. SFA.

5.3

Land There are control Contractor's RE EU/PMOOwnership measures obligation

involved in the defined in

contractor Contract Data

obligation and in and Community

Social obligation in

Framework. SFA.

5.4

Land In this project it is Social RE EU/PMOAcquisition not involved. Framework

Should it be Agreement

required, it (SFA)

should be

provided in SFA.





Measure Social

Framework

Agreement

(SFA) Clauses

5.5

Access to other It must be under Contractor's RE EU/PMO

construction an agreement obligation as

materials. with Local provided in

Communities. Contract

Document and

Community

obligation in

SFA.

5.6

Adverse effects No significant site Contract RE EU/PMO

on known is located nearby Document and

archaeological the project area. SFA

Sites. Should it be

there, it must be

reflected in

Contractor's Data

and Community

SFA

5.7

Chance Finds Contractor's Contract RE EU/PMO

obligation to Document Data

convey the and SFA

chance find to

concerned

authorities in

collaboration with

communities

NDC I NESPAK IATKINS 8-33




Framework

Agreement

(SFA) Clauses5.8

Graveyard and Contractor to Contract Data RE EU/PMOburials. facilitate the and SFA

security of

graveyards and

ease of burial.

5.9

Public Safety at Proper temporary Defined in RE EU/PMOConstruction signs and Contract Data

Sites marking and and SFA with

manual Communities

regulations of

traffic and public

movement.

5.10

Health and Use of proper Contractor's RE EU/PMOSafety on equipment, obligation

Construction proper operation defined in

Sites of equipment, Contract Data,

minimizing risks and Community

to all parties. obligations in

SFA.

5.11

Employment During As far as RE EU/PMOconstruction the possible, the

employment will local labour

be generated. especially

unskilled should

be employed.





Measure Social

Framework

Agreement

(SFA) Clauses

(C): OPERATIONAL PHASE

At operational stage effective monitoring, evaluation as per operational manual and

monitoring plan is as under:

1. Strict Resident Works done Resident Irrigation &

application of Engineering through Engineer/XEN Power

prescribed Executive contractor to Incharge Taunsa Department

Monitoring & Engineering Duty according t Barrage Government of

Engineering bound. strict Punjab

plan specification

and in

commutation

with

communities.

2. Continuous Resident Works done Resident Irrigation &

evaluation of Engineering through Engineer/XEN Power

design Executive contractor to Incharge Taunsa Department

efficiency Engineering Duty according to Barrage Government of

bound strict Punjab

specification

and in

commutation

with

communities

3. Resident Works done Resident Irrigation &

Understanding Engineering through Engineer/XEN Power

and training of Executive contractor to Incharge Taunsa Department

operational Engineering Duty according to Barrage Government of

manual bound strict Punjab

specification

and in





Measure Social

Framework

Agreement

(SFA) Clauses

commutation

with

communities

4. Resident Works done Resident Irrigation &

Environmental Engineering through Engineer/XEN Power

Annual Audit Executive contractor to Incharge Taunsa Department

Engineering Duty according to Barrage Government of

bound strict Punjab

specification

and in

commutation

with

communities

5. Regular Resident Works done Resident Irrigation &

Maintenance Engineering through Engineer/XEN Power

Executive contractor to Incharge Taunsa Department


bound strict Punjab

specification

and in

commutation

with

communities

6. Staff welfare Resident Works done Resident Irrigation &

Engineering through Engineer/XEN Power

Executive contractor to Incharge Taunsa Department


bound strict Punjab

specification

and in





Measure Social

Framework

Agreement

(SFA) Clauses

commutation

with

communities

7. Continued Resident Works done Resident Irrigation &

Public Engineering through Engineer/XEN Power

Consultant Executive contractor to Incharge Taunsa Department


bound strict Punjab

specification

and in

commutation

with

communities

8. Continued Resident Works done Resident Irrigation &

Gender issues Engineering through Engineer/XEN Power

and women Executive contractor to Incharge Taunsa Department

Consultants. Engineering Duty according to Barrage Government of

bound strict Punjab

specification

and in

commutation

with

communities

9. Canals to run Resident Works done Resident Irrigation &

their Capacity Engineering through Engineer/XEN Power

and not Executive contractor to Incharge Taunsa Department

beyond. Engineering Duty according to Barrage Government of

bound strict Punjab

specification

and in





Framework

Agreement

(SFA) Clauses

commutation

with

communities

10. Refresher Resident Works done Resident Irrigation &courses for the Engineering through Engineer/XEN Poweroperational Executive contractor to Incharge Taunsa Departmentstaff. Engineering Duty according to Barrage Government of

bound strict Punjabspecification

and in

commutation

with

communities

8.10 RECOMMENDATIONS

8.10.1 Avoidance

Following possible defects must be avoided and forestalled through an appropriate design:

* Retrogression downstream

* Pulsating hydraulic jump

* Damage to friction blocks

* Excessive exit gradient

* Increased risk of piping due to silt deposit above the weir

* Uprooting of friction block

* Any RCC monolicity defects

* RCC quality control defects

* Oblique River Approach

* Haywire Turbulence



* Heavy Silting of Basin

* Heavy Silting of Canals

* Reduction in capacity of canals

* Abrasion of glacis downstream

* Sheltering of concrete floor due to inconsistent under sluice floor

* Obstruction of Navigation

* Obstruction of Fish Navigation through Fish Ladder

* Obstruction to Indus Dolphin movement

The above 19 points must be brought with emphasis in the notice of the Design Engineer

and it may be cross checked that these defects have been duly avoided through appropriate

design.

8.10.2 Contractor's Obligations

The following conditions should be included in the Tend Document followed by the Contract

Document as essential clauses:-

* Clause regarding disposal of waste construction material

The Contractor shall in consultation with and with the approval of Resident Engineer (RE) of

the Project select and abide by the selection, a site for disposal of waste construction

material. Contravention to this clause may tantamount to contravention to contract and the

Contractor will be responsible of removing the material dumped on a wrong site, at his own

expense and pay a fine for his negligence.

* Clause regarding adjustment with unstable locations appearing during

construction especially the foundation

In case an unstable location appears during construction, especially the foundation, the

contractor shall immediately inform the Resident Engineer expressly providing full technical

details about the problem. The RE will inspect the site; preferably the same day the report is

received and will, if necessary, agree to make modifications and changes in the design to

stabilize the situation such as change in the depth of foundation. Contractor will not make

any changes in the specification without express approval of RE. Contravention to this



provision will mean unauthorized construction carried out for which RE will issue dismantlingorders.

* Clause regarding Location of Labour Camps, Material Dumps / Depots,Equipment and Machinery Yards, approach roads and routes

Irrigation and Power Department land is available for location of Labour Camps, MaterialDepots, Equipment and Machinery Yard, Link Road or other activities related to thesematters and proposed sites have been shown on the project map. The Contractor willchoose particular sites within the overall campus indicated in consultation with RE. Theseactivities shall not be allowed outside the Irrigation and Power Department land (oldworkshop site and 46 acres of land located adjacently). If the Contractor chooses to locatehis facilities on a private land, he will himself be responsible for any compensation,resettlement or rehabilitation process and costs and RE or Irrigation and Power Departmentshall not be involved in acquiring or using the land in making any payments for doing so.

* Clause regarding Rehabilitation of Construction and extraction sites

The Contractor shall carry out construction work exactly on the same site and according tothe same design as provided in the Tender Documents. Also the camps site, the materialdepot, the machinery and equipment yard, like roads and borrow areas shall, after hecompletion of construction, restored and rehabilitated and brought to at least the samecondition, in which these were handed over to the contract. A set of photographs and a videotape film shall be prepared to show the pre-construction sites and post constructionrehabilitated sites. For any contravention of this clause the final payments and the securitiesdeposited shall not be released.

* Clause regarding drainage, paths, roads, Linear Fixtures crossed/damaged byMachinery moving to and from the construction sites

During the construction, if the Contractor's vehicles moving to and from the constructionsite(s) cause any damage or disruption of services pertaining to drainage systems, paths,roads linear fixtures e.g., transmission lines and fences, the Contractor shall get the damagerepaired and services restored within 24 hours of the damage clause failing which the REwill get an assessment of the damage and losses and debit that amount to Contractors



account and the next payment shall be made to Contractor after deducting the debited

amount.

* Clause regarding earthen embankments or Concrete Work edge scouring on the

Protection Bunds or on the main sill structure

All such spots where there is a possibility of scouring of earthen embankments or concrete

work edge as mentioned in the Tender Document and included in this Contract, the

Contractor shall protect by protection walls and stone rip-rap work, failing which the payment

of the Contractor shall be with-held.

* Clause regarding discharge spill or dumping on any building, House, graveyard,

archaeological site (established or newly Found), unstable slot, uncompacted

embankment or leaking into construction area

The Contractor shall be contractually bound to not to allow or cause discharge spill or

dumping on any building house, graveyard, archaeological site (established or newly found),

unstable slopes, uncompacted embankment or leakage into the construction area. Any such

failure shall be duly noted by RE during site inspections and contractor shall immediately

remedy the situation failing which the payment of the contractor shall be with-held and the

damage so caused shall debited to contractor's account.

* Clause regarding Diesel and other fluids spilling over to River water from

construction machinery

The Contractor shall ensure that his construction machinery is always in first class working

order and no spilling of Diesel or any other fluids into the River, is caused by the defective

machinery of the Contractor. For any such spill the Contractor shall pay the environmental

compensation to be assessed by RE in consultation with EPA Punjab and the said amount

shall be debited towards the payment of the Contractor.

* Clause regarding protection of construction work from floods

The Contractor shall, throughout the construction work, manage to keep an eye on the flood

position of the barrage and shall remain in touch with Flood Control Centre and remain

equipped with means and equipment for taking protective measures to protect the works



under construction. Irrigation and Power Department shall not be responsible for anydamage caused by floods and any works washed away shall be reconstructed by theContractor at his own cost within the tenure of the contract.

* Clause regarding providing proper diversion of water from downstream

The Contractor shall, in consultation with RE provide proper diversion to water flowing

downstream and by requesting the Barrage Management opening and closing the mainbarrage gates and by collaboration with local communities especially the Fishermen

community as per SFA and preparing them for any such diversions or closures. Losses

caused to construction work due poor or mismanaged river flow diversion shall be

considered as negligence on the part of contractor any damages or losses caused due to

this negligence shall be borne by the contractor.

* Clause regarding control on air quality by not allowing Machinery to cause dust,smoke or noise pollution

The Contractor shall not cause deterioration of air quality by using old or ill maintained

machinery which raise excessive dust, produce excessive smoke or cause excessive noise

pollution. The Contractor shall follow strict standards of maintenance of machinery, provide

qualified and trained drivers for the vehicles. The Contractor shall also sprinkle water onkacha roads to be used as link roads, and sites where the earth is to be dumped. And the

Contractor shall provide protective masks to his work force. Failure to do so shall be taken

as serious contravention of the contract and shall cause the payment to be deferred till be

correction of the situation.

* Clause regarding control on dust or other pollutants from Stored materials,material depots or spoil heaps

The Contractor shall:-

(a) locate his material depots and spoil dump as far away from the

villages/community "Deras" as possible.

(b) keep all such materials covered for effective control of the fugitive dust.



Failing to do the Contractor will bear the cost which may have to be incurred on

arranging remedy to defaults.

* Clause regarding use of outdated machinery

The Contractor shall obtain a certificate from Vehicle Examiner working under the RE but

paid by the Contractor, that all the machinery employed is either new or in first class fitness

condition so as not to cause smoke or oil leakages. RE will not allow the use of any outdated

machinery.

* Clause to Protect the Biological Resources

The Contract will ensure that:-

(a) Unnecessary and out of bound activities/movements are not done outside the

campus allotted to him for setting-up the labour camp, material depots and

machinery yard.

(b) No fire arms are carried by any of the employees or labour.

(c) All Forest, Wildlife and Fisheries Laws are fully respected and abided by the

Contractor and his work force.

(d) The Biodiversity is respected and saved on its terrestrial, aquatic and aerial habitats,

especially as a RAMSAR site.

(e) Limits and norms of Wildlife Sanctuary are fully respected and implemented.

(f) Necessary sign boards are displayed to make labour, visitors and members of public

to remind them of their obligations towards Biota.

(g) Inspections by Wildlife, Forest and Fisheries Officers are facilitated in camps to

facilitate a proper implementation of relevant Laws.

(h) Communities are given awareness and are involved in proper protection of the Biota

inside and around the Project site.

(i) Indus Dolphin shall be considered as a specially protected animal and under no

circumstance its killing, catching or poaching shall be permissible.

Any contravention to any of the above sub-clauses will be considered as breach of contract

and lead to disqualification of the Contractor.



* Clause regarding respect for Socio-economic and Cultural Values and heritage

The Contractor shall be bound to:-

(a) Ensure that no damage or disruption is caused to the social infrastructure or publicservices being provided to the people e.g., education, health, electricity supply,drinking water supply facilities for public gathering or religious congregations.

(b) Ensure the Contractor or his employees remain above the local Tribal tensionsespecially the strife's over distribution of canal water and use of aquatic life.

(c) Ensure that existing ownership of land around the Project is respected.(d) Ensure that if some construction material has to procure from or through a member

of local community, it must be by a proper Social Framework Agreement socialcommunities.

(e) Ensure that no damage or adverse effect is caused to archaeological (present orchance find) sites, graveyards and burial places.

* Clause regarding Public Safety, Health and Safety at Construct Site, includingmeasures against HIV/AID

The Contractor shall:-

(a) put up temporary but prominent sign boards all of the project activity area warningpeople against likely hazards which can be caused due to certain activities. (Also tobe reflected in SFA).

(b) arrange to run a proper campaign the labour camp, to make people aware of thecauses, mode of transmission and consequences of HIV/AIDS.

(c) strengthen the existing BHU for the benefit of the labour as well as the surroundingvillages.

(d) ensure proper cleanliness and hygienic conditions at labour camps by ensure a cleanmess, proper drainage and suitable disposal of solid waste. Inoculation againstChorea will be arranged at intervals recommended by Health Department.

(e) keep all the camps, offices, material depots, machinery yards and work site open forthe inspection of health and safety measures, and related documents.

(f) provide proper overall, helmet and field boots and earplugs to work as a precautionagainst any mishap, and interlink various parts of the construction complex with localwireless telephones also fitted the vehicles.



* Clause regarding employment of Locals in the construction work

The Contractor as an obligation of the Contract will employ, subject to availability and work

ability, maximum number of local labour for construction work.

Note: The above clauses have been suggested from technical point of view. These may be

got vetted by qualified law officer before incorporating them into the Tender Document or the

Contract Document.

8.10.3 Social Frame Work Agreement (SFA)

A social Frame Work Agreement (SFA) will be signed through mutual open consent between

the local village leaders and the Resident Engineer (RE) of the Project. At least two

confirmed leaders/elders will be chosen from each of the villages situated adjacent to the

area where construction activity is going to be witnessed. These leaders/elders will

constitute a villagers committee and they will chose a Chairman from among themselves.

The SFA shall be signed by the RE from the l&P Department side and by the Chairman of

villager's committee from the villages side. SFA shall be drafted on the lines of legal

agreements signed between two parties and should preferably be on a stamped paper to be

provided by the RE at the project cost. All the mitigation measures where reference to SFA

has been made in the EMP, shall be included in the SFA. The l&P Department obligations

and villages social obligations shall be listed separately. Copies of SFA shall be kept by RE

the villagers chairman and the Ex-Ew I/C of the area. SFA shall be considered as a natural

follow up of the public consultation and public hearing and an indication that l&P department

and the local people are mutually facilitating the rehabilitation process of the Taunsa

Barrage. Following draft SFA is suggested.

Social Frame Work Agreement

1. This is a Social Frame Work Agreement between Resident Engineer (RE) Taunsa

Barrage Rehabilitation Project representing the Irrigation and Power Department (I&P

Department), Government of Punjab and the villagers committee of Taunsa Barrage

Area, whose names have been inscribed below in their presence and full consent.


Punjab Barrages Rehabilitation Project Phase-i

S. No Village Name (Two of each Father's Nameof village)

Village

1 1.

2.2 1.

2.3 1 .

2.

4

2.5 1 .

2.

6 1 .

2.7 1 .

2.

8 1 .

2.9 1

2.

2. We the committee of village leader/elders of Taunsa Barrage area have agreedunanimously to nominate S/O as ourchairman and authorize him to enter into an SFA with RE Taunsa BarrageRehabilitation Project on our behalf and on his own behalf. We understand andpledge that this SFA will be a binding on us and the RE throughout the currency ofthe construction work as well as the operational phase.

Signatures or LTI of the Chairman and the Members of the Villagers Committee.

Sr No Name Signatures/LTI1

2

3

4



5

6

7

8

10

1 1

12

3. By mutual consent it is agreed the i&P Department

(i) Shall not occupy any agricultural land or acquire any other land during the

construction of this project.

(ii) Shall not cause any damage or reduction in the water supply in the canals

taking off from Taunsa during the cosntruciton period of the project, except in

case of force majeure e.g. high floods, strong storms or any other act of God.

(iii) Shall not cause any disturbance to the Wildlife sanctuary, any public

archeological heritage or a place of worship.

(iv) Shall not interfere in the social political or tribal balance of the area.

(v) Shall/wherever possible facilitate better services and supplies to the area e.g.

schooling, health, awareness on epidemic diseases, HIV/AIDS, electricity and

road/rail communication.

(More commitments can be added if require)

4. Also, by mutual consent it is agreed that all the villagers residing in the area

influencing project (names of villages listed in para 1 aboveO, collectively and

severally:

(i) Shall not interfere in the location of labour camps, material depots, equipment

yards and all the approach roads to be used during project construction

phase, all of which will be located on the lands of l&P department.

(ii) Shall not interfere if the l&P department decides to shift the construction of

the sub-weir elsewhere on a more suitable site as long as the activity remains

on l&P department's own land.

(iii) Shall not receive any discharge of water slurry or oil spills to any graveyard or

archaeological site.

NDC NESPAK I ATKINS 8-47

Punjab Barrages Rehabilitation Project Phase-f

(iv) Shall not cause any damage to wildlife or forest resources of the wildlifesanctuary (which is also RAMSAR site) and no villagers will be involved inkilling, poaching or hunting of animal including Indus Dolphin and hog dear.

(v) Shall not allow reduction or official interference in our existing services andfacilities e.g. education, health, electricity, drinking water supply, religious andsocial congregations.

(vi) Shall not allow any interference in our tribal, commercial or social norms, andwe understand that no land acquisition or resettlement is involved under theproject.

(vii) Agree that in case the contractor wishes to obtain some material from theprivate lands or wishes to make use of any piece of land outside the l&Pdepartment land that would invoke a new agreement between the villagersand the contractor and l&P department or Govt of Punjab shall not beinvolved in that in any way.

(viii) Agree to respect and observe the cautions on the sign boards displayed byproject authorities and shall not remove or cause to be removed anysignboards or installations put up by the Resident Engineer.

(Add more conditions if required as per the prevailing circumstances).

This SFA has been signed this day of , at

Signatures Signatures

Resident Engineer Chairman Villager's Committee(Full name and address) (Name and Address)

Counter singed

Signature

Executive Engineer

(full name and address)



8.10.4 Operational Manual

However perfect the design may be and however meticulous the construction may be,

barrage often fail to achieve their full objectives if there no operational manual or the

provisions of the operational manual are not faithfully implemented. For post construction

phase of the project, it is recommended, that a board based team of experts is tasked to

develop a comprehensive operational manual for the rehabilitated Taunsa Barrage complex.

The manual should also include a provision of continuous pre-training of the staff who have

to be put on operational or maintenance duties. An effective monitoring and evaluation

(M&E) system should make an integral part of the operational manual by way of providing a

check list fro every operational and maintenance stage. As provided in the EMP, following

points must be included in the operational manual:

(i) Strict application of the prescribed M&E plan.

(ii) Continuous evaluation of design efficiency.

(iii) Training sessions for understanding and operating the manual.

(iv) Annual audit of environment (comparison of what is happening against he set

standards) to be conducted by an independent 3rd party.

(v) Regular maintenance (not repair).

(vi) Staff welfare.

(vii) Continuous public consultation (PR).

(viii) Continue gender issues and women consultation.

(ix) Canals must run according to their capacity and not beyond.

Refresher course for the operational staff are recommended.


I

I

I

I

I

ANNEXSI

m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ l

iIi

i

ii

Annex -ISheet 1 of 3

DRAFT

SOCIAL FRAME WORK AGREEMENT

This is a Social Frame Work Agreement between Resident Engineer (RE) Taunsa Barrage

Rehabilitation Project representing the Irrigation and Power Department (I&P Department),

Government of Punjab and the villagers committee of Taunsa Barrage Area, whose names

have been inscribed below in their presence and full consent.

S. No Village Name (Two of each Father's Name

of village)

Village

1 1.

2.

2 1 .

2.

3 1 .

2.

4 1 .

2.

5 1 .

2.

6 1 .

2.

7 1 .

2.

8 1 .

2.

9 1 .

2.

We the committee of village leader/elders of Taunsa Barrage area have agreed unanimously

to nominate S/0 as our chairman and

authorize him to enter into an SFA with RE Taunsa Barrage Rehabilitation Project on our

behalf and on his own behalf. We understand and pledge that this SFA will be a binding on

us and the RE throughout the currency of the construction work as well as the operational

phase.


Signatures or LTI of the Chairman and the Members of the Villagers Committee.

Sr No Name Signatures/LTI1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1 1

12

By mutual consent it is agreed the l&P Department

(i) Shall not occupy any agricultural land or acquire any other land during theconstruction of this project.

(ii) Shall not cause any damage or reduction in the water supply in the canals taking offfrom Taunsa during the cosntruciton period of the project, except in case of forcemajeure e.g. high floods, strong storms or any other act of God.

(iii) Shall not cause any disturbance to the Wildlife sanctuary, any public archeologicalheritage or a place of worship.

(iv) Shall not interfere in the social political or tribal balance of the area.(v) Shall/wherever possible facilitate better services and supplies to the area e.g.

schooling, health, awareness on epidemic diseases, HIV/AIDS, electricity androad/rail communication.(More commitments can be added if require)

Also, by mutual consent it is agreed that all the villagers residing in the area influencingproject (names of villages listed in para 1 aboveO, collectively and severally:

(i) Shall not interfere in the location of labour camps, material depots, equipment yardsand all the approach roads to be used during project construction phase, all of whichwill be located on the lands of l&P department.

(ii) Shall not interfere if the l&P department decides to shift the construction of the sub-weir elsewhere on a more suitable site as long as the activity remains on l&Pdepartment's own land.

(iii) Shall not receive any discharge of water slurry or oil spills to any graveyard orarchaeological site.

(iv) Shall not cause any damage to wildlife or forest resources of the wildlife sanctuary(which is also RAMSAR site) and no villagers will be involved in killing, poaching orhunting of animal including Indus Dolphin and hog dear.


(v) Shall not allow reduction or official interference in our existing services and facilitiese.g. education, health, electricity, drinking water supply, religious and social

congregations.(vi) Shall not allow any interference in our tribal, commercial or social norms, and we

understand that no land acquisition or resettlement is involved under the project.

(vii) Agree that in case the contractor wishes to obtain some material from the privatelands or wishes to make use of any piece of land outside the l&P department land

that would invoke a new agreement between the villagers and the contractor and l&Pdepartment or Govt of Punjab shall not be involved in that in any way.

(viii) Agree to respect and observe the cautions on the sign boards displayed by projectauthorities and shall not remove or cause to be removed any signboards or

installations put up by the Resident Engineer.(Add more conditions if required as per the prevailing circumstances).

This SFA has been signed this day of , at

Signatures Signatures

Resident Engineer Chairman Villager's Committee(Full name and address) (Name and Address)

Counter singed

SignatureExecutive Engineer

(full name and address)

----

Annex-Il

FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR PUNJAB BARRAGES REHABILITATION PROJECT PHASE-ITAUNSA BARRAGE

Project Beneficiary Survey(Socio-Economic Study)

Year Questionnaire No.

I. Location/identification

1.1 Feeder/RD I 1.2 Village aJ

1.3 Tehsil _ 1.4 District F-I

II. Biographical Data

2.1 Name

2.2 Father's Name _

2.3 Age _

2.4 Caste a

2.5 Tribe a

2.6 Marital Status 1. Married 2. Single 3. Widower 4. Divorced E2.7 Literacy Status 1. Literate 2. Illiterate a

2.8 If Literate, Years of schooling Years |E|J|

2.9 Occupation (head of the household) 1. Agriculturist 2. Fisherman 3. Non-Agriculturist

2.10 State your habitant status

1. Local 2. Settler 3. Refugee 4. Temporary Resident

2.11 Are you member of any village Community organization 1. Yes_ 2. No. EJ2.12 If yes, which of the following organizations?

1 Religious2 Political3 Economic4 Law & Order a

5 Educational (formal/informal)6 Community Organization7 Punchayat/Jirga8 Youth Organization9 Any other

Ill. House Hold Profile

3.1 State the family composition (see on next page)

IV. Housing Status

4.1 State total area of your house?

4.2 How much is the total area of your house?

1. Covered J 2. Uncovered

4.3 Ownership status of the house

1. Owned 2. Rented 3. Rent Free 4. Having no home a

1. Katcha 2. Pacca 3. K&P a

4.4 Physical condition of the house

1. Katcha 2. Pacca 3. Katcha and Pacca _ 4. Juggi E

Ill. Household Profile

Sr # Relation with AgeMarital Status Education Occupation Employment Monthly Residential Health StatusSrA#)EducationlOccupation Status (B) Income Status (C)

Household Hea Agbes Sex (iga)e to _eaby_it/vllae_)Dsale

1 3) Dependent 3) Living aborad 3) Handicapped

2 Divorced 4) Reird/ensine 4) Others

43_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _

54 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

6 5_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

87 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

j 9_ _ _ _ _ __

9 i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

1 2 0_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

1 3 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

A) B) C) D)1) Married 1) Working 1) Residing with parents 1) Healthy2) Single 2) Jobless 2) Migrated to nearby city/village 2) Disabler3) Widow 3) Dependent 3) Living aborad 3) Handicapped4) Divorced 4) Retired/Penssioner 4) Others

4.6 Does the house Contain?1 Gas 1. Yes_ 2. No a

2 Electricity 1. Yes_ 2. No_ _

3 Telephone 1. Yes_ 2. No_ _

4 Hand pump 1. Yes_ 2. No a

5 Running water (Tap) 1. Yes_ 2. No_ _

V. Social Organizations

5.1 Specify the existing village/social organizations in your area and state their functional status?

No. Category Name

1 Religious _ 1. Yes_ 2. No__

2 Political 1. Yes_ 2. No a

3 Economic 1. Yes_ 2. No E

4 Law & Order E 1. Yes_ 2. No___

5 Educational (formal/informal) E 1. Yes_ 2. Noa

6 Community Organization/Welfare _ 1. Yes _ 2. No__

7 Women Organization E 1. Yes_ 2. No E

8 Union Council _ 1. Yes_ 2. No__

9 Any Other (specify) _ 1. Yes_ 2. No_a

5.2 Does the population of the village belong to same caste/Tribe? 1. Yes_ 2. No a

5.3 If no, name the main caste and their population?

Name of Caste Population1.2.3.

45

VI. Leadership Pattern

6.1 Which type of people are influential in village matters (including irrigation) and

how they decide these matters?

Sr# Person/Status Decision Pattern

1 MPA/MNAs2 _Member of U/C3 Spiritual/Religious Leader4 Land Lord/LumberDar5 School Teacher6 Community Leader7 Government Official8 Rest. Government Official9 Any other (specify)

6.2 Were these decisions considered final and implemented successfully? 1. Yes _ 2. No

i) Finality of decision _

ii) Successful implementation a

6.3 Are the general relationship among people in the locality essentially based upon?

1. Competition 2. Conflict l

3. Co-operation 4. Don't Know w

6.4 Was there any major dispute related to irrigation in the past? 1. Yes 2. No a

5

6.5 If yes, what was the nature of dispute and how was it resolvedNature of Dispute Method of Resolution

1.

2.

3.

6.6 Would the existing inter and intera bradari system facilitate the process of Project in the area?

1. Yes 2. No. 3. DK a

VII. Land Use

7.1 Status of Land OperatedVill ge Elsewhere in Project Area

Category Acre P/A Rent Acre P/A RentRented - outShared- outRented - out .Shared- out .Cultivated Area .Cultivation .Culturable Waste .Fallow Land .

7.2 Is groundwater suitable for irrigation? 1. Fit 2. Partially Fit 3. Unfit_ _

7.3 What is the depth of wear table? feet a

7.4 Is water table at your acquired land:1. Constant 2. Falling 3. Rising __

7.5 Do you have any working tube well in you land? 1. Yes 2. No a

7.6 If yes, which type of tube well?1. Diesel Tube well 2. Electric Tube well J

IX. Marketable surplus produce9.1 Did you have any marketable surplus produce during last copping seasons?

1. yes 2. No _

9.2 If yes, give detailsMarketed Price Total Transport Cast

Cropt Sail Point(i) QTY (Rs/Mound) Amount (Rs) (Rs/Mound)W heat__ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _

Rice(B+I)SugarcaneCottonFodder®Fodder(K)__ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _

Vegetables__Vegetables(K)Oil seedsO thers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

9.3 Describe any problem which affect production are sale of crops during last seasons?1 Higher inputs prices

2 Low out prices a

3 Not availability of surface water E4 Unreliability of groundwater (for non-owners) _

5 Non availability of buyers _

6 Any other (specify) JX. Orchards

10.1 DO you have any orchard/fruits trees? 1. yes . 2. NO a

6

VIII. Cropping Pattern, Agronomic Practices and Production during last Cropping Year

Weedicide Pesticide Totals By

S# Crop Cropped Fertilized FYN No. of ploughs Seed rate (per Arc Fertilizer use er Arc Irrigation Instruction Production Products

Area Area (a) Method # Method Variety Treated Qty Type Bags Type Bags Type #) (ii) (M.Tons) (M.Tons)

(Acre) (Acre) No of Trolleys (b) = _ _ _e (kg) (f) # g # _ =

1 W heat__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2 Maize grains)

3 R ice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

4 Sugarcane = ______ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ =

6 Fodder (Rabi) = = = = = =_==__==_

7 Fodder (Kharif) .

8 Vegetables (Rabi)

9 Vegetables (Khanif) _ _

10 Oil Seeds _ _ _ _

11 O rchards__ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

12 O ther T__

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

a) b) c) d) g) h) i)

Farm yard Mechanical =1 Broadcasting=1 Local =1 Urea=1 Canai only 1 yes=1

Manure Local (L) =2 Improved=2 h yielding =2 Can=2 PTWonly 2 No=2

M+l=3 e) AS=3 CTW only 3

yes=1 NP=4 Canal +PWT 4

No=2 DAP=5 Canal+CTW 5

SOP=7 Canal+PWT+CWT 6

MOP=8 Water purchased (WP) 7

Zinc=9 Canal=WP 8

SSP=10 Canal=PTW+WP 9

Canal+CTW+WP 10

Another (specify) 1112

10.2 If yes, no. of trees1 Grave ____

2 Cities ____

3 Mango

4 Banana ____

5 Any others (specify) l l l

10.3 What Was your annual gross income from orchard/fruit trees?Rs l l l l

(i) Market 1 Mill 4commission agent 2 Procurement Center 5village vendor 3 Others 6

Xi. Income from other farming Activities11.1 What is your annual gross in cross from selling of timber?

11.2 What is your annu dual gross income from fish farming/poultry farming?

11.3 What is your annu dual gross income from other farming activities? !71XII. Fisherman Profile at (Mancher Lake)

12.1 state the type of house in which your family is living?

1 Juggi at the edge of lake 2. Living in boating the lake

3. having House in nearly village E12.2 Major of source of your family income?

1. fishing only 2. Fishing/Catching birds I3. Fishing/Agriculture 4. Fishing/other source of income _

12.3 Are you Fishing at?i) Owner Eii) Share bases Eiii) Both a

12.4 In what ways your family will be affected with the raising of mancher Lake?

1 Residence a

2 Economic Activity I3 Income _

4 Tribe System a

12.5 What problems do you anticipate with the raising of Mancher Lake? (General reframe)?

12.6 What solution do you have for the anticipated problems?

Xil. Gender13.1 Does the women of the area are involved in income generating activities?

1. Yes 2. NO. _

13.2 If yes, what type of activities ?

13.3 What ways the project upoun women and female population of your area?

a) Equity12

E

3

b) Education1

2 3

c) Welfare1

2 3

d) Efficiency1

2 3

e) Empowerment1

2 [

3

f) Anti-Poverty1

2 C

3

g) Environment

2 3

h) Ethics

2 3

Any other Significant Observation

Date Name of Interview

8

iI

Annex-IIISheet 1 of 4

FISHES COMMONLY FOUND IN RIVER INDUS

UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM

TAUNSA BARRAGE

Local Name Scientific Name

Ahee Pseudeutropius atherinoides (Bloch)

Bachwa Clupisonta garua (Harn).

Eutropiichthys vacha (Ham)

Eutropiichthys muris (Ham)

Bounchee Oxygaster gora (Ham)

Bhangaii Laheo micropthalmus (Day)

But Notoplerus notopterus (Pallas)

Notopterus chitala (Ham)

Chal Oxygaster hacaila (Ham)

Oxygaster gora (Ham)

Rasbora deniconius (Ham)

Aspidoparala morar (Ham)

Chalwa Eutropiichthys vacha (Ham)

Chanchi Gandusia chapru (Ham)

Chelle Eutropiichthys vacha (Ham)

Eutropiichthys murius (Ham)

Chelli Chupisoma garua (Ham)

Chiddu Barbus (Puntius) sophore (Ham)

Barbus (Puntius) ticto (Ham)

Barbus chrysopterus (McClell)

Barbus (Puntius) Conchonius (Ham)

Chidu Colisa fasciata (Bloch and Schn.)

Chilwa Oxygaster hacaila (Ham)


Aspidoparia morar (Ham)

Bartlius vagra (Ham)

Barilius bendelisis var chedra (Ham)

Choota Saul Channa striatus (Bloch)

Choti kangee Colisa Lalius (Ham)

Cirreah Labeo gonius (Ham)


Local Name Scientific NameCowwa Xenentodon cancila (Ham)

Coonch Bagarius bagarius (Ham)

Dahee Labeo calbasu (Ham)

Dahi Labeo calbasu (Ham)

Dalunga Channa punctatus (Bloch.)

Dau Channa gachua (Ham)

Daula Channa marulius (Ham)

Channa punctatus (Bloch)

Channa triatus (Bloch)

Di Labeo calbasu (Ham)

Dogra Crossocheilus latius (Ham)

Dumbra Labeo rohita (Ham)

Dumbro Labeo rohita (Ham)

Fidar Colisa fasciata (Bloch and Schn.)

Gandha Nandus nandus (Ham)

Gandan Notopterus notopterus (Pallas)

Gambusia Gambusia affinis holbrooki (Girard)

Gila Glossogobius gluris (Ham)

Gonch Bagarius hagarius (Ham)

Gagata cenia (Ham)

Nangra nangra (Ham)

Grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella

Guddah Osteobrama cotio var cunma (Day)

Osteobrama cotio (Ham)

Gulfam Cyprinus carpio

Grooj Mastacembelus armatus (Lacep.)

Jerki Wallago attu (Bloch and Schn.)

Jhalli Eutropiichthys vacha (Ham)

Eutropiichthys murius (Ham)

Kalbano Labeo calbasu (Ham)

Kangee Ambassis nama (Ham)

Colisa fasciata (Bloch and schn)

Ambassis ranga (Ham)

Ambassis baculis (Ham)


Local Name Scientific Name

Karra Mystus (Mystus) bleekeri (Day)

Khagga Mystus (Mystus) bleekeri (Day)

Khagga Rita rita (Ham)

Khangni Barbus (Puntius) sarana (Ham)

Kharni Barbus (Puntius) sarana (Ham)

Barbus Oxygaster gora (Ham)

Khotah Nandus nandus (Ham)

Khurero Labeo dero (Ham)

Lohari Barilius Vagra (Ham)

Morakha Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham)

Morakhi Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham)

Mori Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham)

Mullee Wallago attu (Bloch And Schn)

Mund Channa punctatus (Bloch)

Naulakhi Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)

Oothi Oxygaster bacaila (Bloch)

Pari Notopterus notopterus (Ham)

Notopterus chitala (Ham)


Popra Barbus (Puntius) sarana (Ham)

Barbus (Puntius) sophore (Ham)

Barbus (Puntius) ticto (Ham)

Barbus (Puntius) punjabensis (Day)

Barbus (Puntius) chrysopterus (McClell)

Barbus (Puntius) phutunio (Ham)

Popree Barbus (Puntius) phutunio (Ham)

Barbus (Puntius) tetra rupugus (McClell)

Rohu Labeo rohita (Ham)

Saul Channa marulius (Ham)

Channa striatus (Bloch)

Seenghala Mystus (Osteobagrus) seenghala (Sykes)

Sereiha Labeo gonius (Ham)

Shakur Channa marulius (Ham)

Shisha Ambassis ranga (HamO


Local Name Scientific NameAmbassis nama (Ham)

Ambassis baculis (Ham)Silver carp Hypopthalmiethys malitrix (Ral)Singhara Mystus (Osteobagrus) seenghala (Sykes)Singhari Mystus (Osteobagrus) aor (Ham)Singhi Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)Sonnee Cirrhinus reba (Ham)Sunni Cirrhinus reba (Ham)Takla Xenentodon cancila (Ham)Tangra Mystus (Mystus) vittatus (Bloch)Tapra Labeo rohita (Ham)Theil Catla catla (Ham)Thaila Catla catla (Ham)Theili Catla catla (Ham)Tilapia Oreochromis mossambica (Peters)Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Peters)Tilapia Oreochromis aureus

Mystus (Osteobagrus) seenghala (Sykes)Tirkanda Rita rita (Ham)(Source: Fisheries Department, Punjab)

Annex-IVSheet 1 of 2

ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION DEPARIMENT# ) ~~~~~~~Govemrmenf of the Ptw*a

GI. ; IS1 r RIF'I 4 Lytton Road, Lothoe. N.190rNO), $2/F.93/0609/EIA

l)D;tie O (10912004

-"'l lie Chicr I[ l:giuleer (RcsCorclh).h 1ig:iml on Poweer f)epoiu Irneot,(; scl oet llC. P'un jiab.I .olsie

Stibjeel:- DIL.( ISION ( rNVIR NMrl.N I INII'A( I ASS,Wi!;l I _l,1l

I)est riptimn r r vi'tiject: heit p roject tfr citilithi onlOll sittt itiodei iim ; r lt)t i:i r cotist ortilC rIllolving sCope of rnrk:* Ellnuriril~ sitruc itt-l 5(IihilI or stistiiimo cNkfii nge,

conos,trictiotn of I siibsidy ivyir doirtloitrernoi go providle icuishiion iiiiter to mitigle tIhe crrec ,,r hof ydraulic jilmp.

.emoeling o or it i,, I I I Pok lit. ii :1ill ! ee msoti-e N-ys.. Co,i( 1 , fit; 1111If' f'rout.i ,I-ichi .l ' 1ill l. - II) Odi IIc-K problilem

or oblique river airproimich (if * ntlls.* (.lnr gcwhitg systeml to lbe midtle elVcfivonic.* Fli,lrnenileiil or ailihility or c;1irl Wi aler

'I'hic TIiutuIr fIarrige. bill t ve oer Ri tvet lud its ;s c lrtd :1tI.ocol h (r Jul-ftiecld 3n" 31 reel N nidtl 7n" 51 rcei IE i, tie sNol tio-iesl I tiic

l'Pn j11 iti TCesilil KIit Atll, fir mitrict N 1l70 rrl rg: rur.

3 1 I llc il oimiellltlalt 'lOIrcltm ACcilct (ITPA). lPiollnli ;Ims (IIciCle(I to aiccord ilk .1ppr'vai

01 C11110110ititllplse 'o ille projccl 'allijectl to th toilloinig:. ii.l i

( i a I nf soil erosioo %% ill lbe ' lili itin (1 with fi c I polle proelt prvii i orill for reui c incillg i o xf

(ii) Nlmich iltv sha-Ill be cairditlIl 0111 lIllilig ilc CilC lc etiotl M1 IlliC pl'jCCt acti% ilics. \iollintirilig

tplell. (1111C8 wlc xilvic op|eat.Iionl shilflali¢e mbmitiliv*i Ito ITIA. Po..i'f, lit !i1.. ,,hZl 1) tsi

iii) Nlitzalifoil imcntllto atitl cliti6iomlllCnlita ,.li(lcliIICs IclImimewled(I( in ii c lIe tIeA pollta

1:116foollicl MlCg I C It Pli;lll lan11:| dil,T1li ld slie or ic IIv adhrri t(i Ilil i Ilmi7c llcgal ive

clIivilllilert:l imlpipcts of lic plrojet

(iv) All liic ull-skitlehI tinl 1n Ihe c\1:nIhl pos"sible tLkitItl Jl,cs 'fill l Ic gimte it I lcal aiiOerPtm i(li11 Illcitl ( ii (lpo er Ii illin g,

( ) "lXensive Ic fie pc i olitonli. cgricc finlie pI1 ihit l.lntit l 1 illiligetum 5(e1CCi'S, ltlI1 ltc ch t (cfl ied 01

iI fhtle nrca It, ciii 111cc Cm iltt'llIICri:II tCfmliilihiS

(viI (amlping siles shoduld Ie locited lel least 500 melerc aown 'roni ii anY seItInicl [it t l v n0idt iSll l1 1CC it the lwr;ll picc'pl. Scwn gel±coelalcel fivoll Clolpilil' ciIts oil Id hle 1b C :lc(l ill

celiric tati ; nl; d tsoak pits it dItiIOInLe S-IemIin 1jc lr'I ;t:lilble. I hese shOulds be cloituldCtC( at:, ,,i.i,,t,.,sIjt, ofv WOt iltlt c 64(X ,, 1 .1; 1I, p:,. ',111:1,1clif of1 sc:l:fmal \%:11t t l te>X<b ';%:ptic 1;1l11,

:111d1 s'': ilis sIloilfl 11111v 1'lcdalcti in he arias it tlee fllgh prouInIl wolr table cxi.ls.

(ii) I ploponciownt stati oeleill 111lit t jt ai1nlo licieint IleaIhit safz w lll lciv rs nle iplace Ioilrl"'litc'cOoo of winer bafltIS )clvf I,\ aI rfscmptcheoivc lQcmtcrLcnc *Cspotm,T -,: ctettl,

I I hliS pplXtal\ -IShall hc Ie d mll :lci tSt}l vo icl ii' :il or ;Ifl\ ............................. tilecim(fituiols. onctifitnned ill

Ptiar al2oIie n1c mII (11ClItlc liedl \ ilk-

S I lie Plloliti'lcill shall he litable rn comIpliance lit Seciion 13, II. 1 7 anld IR *11 IIJI:tl IARteEMInGoaions 200(1. re anlrlitg approval, cn firmilI ion or coninplamce. ellirv. iivspccfions ,Il1(

mottlilml illt I' I I

Annex-IVSheet 2 of 2

6. 3T I is appitn';tII is ccc if dt: tl otli I ir tisIric I t I l, - o.I 11. ,j1 1 I II ei I c i,.,,i,,gof'r.e tj arragc, tilc proponciit i% i.fiI'I1r Ii,jI,ill .prlrn%at ill ;ol I'I1;lII:he % ill lrII3(2)(:) ni d Sccction I R o Ih 1b IAI II I IRcv'rl.iwn.' rf 7 Amii clIuImgvc in thc nipe lsmdII pr,'1:i 4:'fliI hN Il 'lilmimm:ticted tro IlA, I'mijah mid J1X: he

2 'I hxis alnlp,oyal (loc.; no^t :11,.INC ilxc 111c lpolAllent of' flel diilly to1 obil;;l 1a.t.l am lO lgt' a >'Co1lisell1 qC.lt Il.')( ' I)e I-eq1ire(I zxiltCr av It.v ilt fi-cV.

AS sI S IA AN i; !1 1 I " It (t.A {e/1)(; It'A. Ithiii ;,I

Fod,zl. Nti VF-lIlA l):ledI __ _ /"()"12P

A to .xfn'i,,z,l i, /,?flnrrI1? telt 'I he D)irector (M'&('). I l'A. Pt'tmjnh. I hnltre2. 'I I )irector 1,1U.&I). IVPA. imi1'a,ll. I 4ihorec

A'SIS I AN I c MUl IJA)fi ID).(G [P-A, Itiij:,