This was the proposal at the Constitutional Convention that proposed a central government

with a single-house legislature in which each state would be

represented equally.

Back

New Jersey Plan

This is the amendment in the Bill of Rights that

reserves powers to the states.

Back

Tenth Amendment

Back

This is one of the ways that a constitutional amendment

could be proposed.

2/3 vote of both houses of Congress or a convention called by Congress at the request of

legislatures in 2/3 of the states

Back

These are 3 of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

1. Congress couldn’t pass laws or levy taxes2. Congress couldn’t regulate trade between states or

with other nations, states taxed each other’s goods and negotiated their own trade agreements between other countries

3. Congress couldn’t forbid the states from issuing their own currencies

4. Congress had to handle all administrative duties because there was no executive branch

5. Lack of judicial system meant that national government had to rely on state courts to enforce national laws and settle disputes between states. In practice, state courts could overturn national laws.

Back

This type of federalism stresses a system of intergovernmental relations in delivering governmental goods and services to the people and calls for cooperation among the federal, state, and local levels of government.

Cooperative federalism

Back

A woman is more likely to vote for this political

party.

Democratic Party

This is the most important factor in the political socialization process.

Back

Family

This is a term for when the media covers campaigns by

comparing the standings of the candidates in the polls rather

than on the issues they discuss.

Back

Horse-race journalism

This is the term for the measurement of relative

accuracy of a public opinion poll.

Back

Sampling error

This is the term for the extent to which people believe issues are relevant to

them.

Back

Salience

Back

This is the term for the drawing of legislative district boundaries to

benefit a party, group, or incumbent .

Gerrymandering

Back

This is how often congressional district boundaries are redrawn.

Every 10 years

Back

This is the term for a type of election that is an electoral “earthquake” where new issues emerge, new

coalitions replace old ones, and the majority party is often displaced by

the minority party.

Critical, or realigning, election

Back

This is the main way that lobbyists try to influence

legislators.

By providing legislators with technical information within their field of

interest

Back

Business

Political Action Committees (PACs)

representing this group have increased greatly in

number in recent decades.

This is the term for formal orders issued by the president to direct

action by the federal bureaucracy, which have the force of law.

Back

Executive orders

This is the term that describes the right of members of Congress to

send mail to their constituents at the government’s expense.

Back

Franking privilege

Back

This is the only congressional committee that can originate tax

and revenue legislation.

House Ways and Means Committee

Back

According to the War Powers Resolution, the President can

deploy troops for this long before he/she has to inform Congress

about the deployment.

48 hours

Back

This is the term for the procedure for terminating debate,

especially filibusters, in the Senate AND how many votes are needed to invoke this procedure.

Cloture, 3/5 or 60 votes

Back

This is the term for the government agency or commission with

regulatory power whose independence is protected by

Congress, an example of which would be the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Federal Election Commission.

Independent regulatory commission

Back

This is the term for the type of judicial interpretation in which

justices believe that the meaning of the Constitution depends on the

intention of the framers.

Doctrine of original intent

Back

This is the means by which interest groups try to lobby courts.

Amicus curiae briefs

Back

Agreement among four justices on the Supreme Court is always sufficient to do this (the rule of 4).

Accept a case for consideration

Back

These are the three points of an iron triangle.

bureaucrats, interest groups, and congressional subcommittee members

Back

The “wall of separation” doctrine refers to this component of the 1st

Amendment.

Division of church and state; establishment clause

Back

This Supreme Court case established the “clear and present danger” test that is used to decide the constitutionality of a law that limits a citizen’s First Amendment

rights.

Schenck v. United States

Back

This is the term for censorship imposed before a speech is made or a newspaper is published, which is

usually presumed to be unconstitutional.

Prior restraint

Back

Most of the individual protections of the Bill of Rights now apply to

the states because of the Supreme Court’s interpretation of this amendment, PLUS this is

what this process is called.

The 14th Amendment, selective incorporation

Back

This Supreme Court case declared that flag burning is a constitutionally protected

right.

Texas v. Johnson

The Federalist #10 deals with this topic.

Back

Turn your sheets in.