1
Discussion Pityriasis lichenodes (PL) is a rare idiopathic skin condi5on that commonly affects gene5cally suscep5ble male children (19%38%), with peak incidences at the age of 5 and age of 10. Under the umbrella term of PL, there are various subtypes of the disorder: acute (PLA), chronic (PLC), and the febrile disorder, Mucha Habermanns disease. 1 The acute form is characterized as erup5ons of small 23 mm reddishbrown clusters of papules on the skin, which fill with pus and blood and cause itching and burning; and in severe cases begin to ulcerate. PLC will oSen appear with small scaling papules that upon resolu5on will leave hypopigmenta5on. Simultaneous systemic symptoms like fever, lymphadenopathy and necro5zing papules will occur in Mucha Habermanns disease. 2 Diagnosis is oSen difficult because of the lack of clinical guidelines and its some5messimilar presenta5on to atopic derma55s. Currently, diagnosis relies on clinical presenta5on, ruling out of other disorders and histological examina5on. Although the e5ology and pathology of PL remains unknown, it is hypothesized that PL is a atypical immune response triggered by an infec5ous agent because the symptoms and papules generally improve aSer an5bio5c therapy. 3 Current standard of treatment of a pa5ent with PL is oral an5bio5c (tetracycline or erythromycin), topical cor5costeroid, and light therapy. The results have varying degrees of success and occasionally resolve on its own aSer several weeks to months. 4 Background Classic Chinese Herbal Formulas for the Treatment of Pityriasis Lichenodes: A Case Study of a 7 Year Old Boy Judith Miller, MAOM (c) San Hong Hwang, MD (Taiwan), OMD A 7 yearold boy with a mild form of PL was brought to the SCU Health System in Whi[er, CA in September 2013. The boy is a Caucasian of Moroccan and Cuban descent. The onset of the skin rash began during a family vaca5on to Hawaii in June 2013. The small, red, itchy papules ini5ally arose on his stomach and then progressed to his limbs and face. From June to August the pa5ent was ini5ally diagnosed with a viral infec5on, insect bites and scabies. During this 5me he was prescribed 200mg of liquidoral erythromycin, which did not alleviate his symptoms or improve the skin condi5on. He was eventually diagnosed with PL aSer a histological exam in September 2013. He has no prior history of any skin condi5ons, but his mother and other immediate family members have a history of psoriasis and eczema. Case presenta3on Diagnosis and Treatment At the 5me of presenta5on, the pa5ent had several 23mm bright red, nonulcera5ng papules covering his en5re body and face associated with severe itching at night. No history of any discharge was reported. His vitals and other physical exam findings were within normal limits. His mother reported that the boy started his second course of erythromycin at the same 5me when he reported to our clinic. His tongue was found to be red with prickles with a greasy white coat, and his pulse was slightly slippery. His TCM diagnosis was determined as an invasion of winddamp and firetoxin. He was prescribed: Huáng Lián Jiě Du Tāng (Cop4s Decoc4on to Resolve Toxicity) and Xiāo Fēng Sān (Eliminate Wind Powder from Orthodox Lineage) in granule form made by TCM Zone®. He was given 700mg BID. Yù Píng Fēng Săn (Jade Windscreen Powder) was subs5tuted for Xiao Feng San (Eliminate Wind Powder from Orthodox Lineage) aSer two weeks based on his improved skin condi5on. Ini3al Visit Visit 3: 2 Weeks A>er Ini3al Visit Visit 5: 4 Weeks A>er Ini3al Visit Herbal Formulas Used Huáng Lián Jiě Du Tāng Cop4s Decoc4on to Resolve Toxicity Xiāo Fēng Sān Eliminate Wind Powder from Orthodox Lineage Yù Píng Fēng Săn Jade Windscreen Powder 1. Huáng Lián (Cop5dis Rhizoma) 2. Huáng Qín (Scutellariae Radix) 3. Huáng Băi (Phellodendri Cortex) 4. Zhī Zĭ (Gardeniae Fructus) 1. Jīng Jiè (Schizonepetae Herba) 2. Fáng Fēng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) 3. Niú Bàng Zĭ (Arc5i Fructus) 4. Chán Tuì (Cicadae Periostracum) 5. Kŭ Shēn (Sophorae flavescen4s Radix) 6. Cāng Zhú (Atractylodis Rhizoma) 7. Mù Tōng (Akebiae Caulis) 8. Shí Gāo (Gypsum fibrosum) 9. Zhī Mŭ (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) 10. Shēng Dì Huáng (Rehmanniae Radix) 11. Dāng Guī (Angelicase sinensis Radix) 12. Hēi Zhī Má (Sesami Semen nigrum) 13. Gān Căo (Glycyrrhizae Radix) 1. Huáng Qĭ (Astragali Radix) 2. Bái Zhú (Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma) 3. Fáng Fēng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) Dose: 700mg BID Taken from Ini3al Visit through Week 4 Dose: 700mg Packet BID Taken from Ini3al Visit through Week 2 Dose: 700mg Packet BID Taken from Week 3 through Week 4 ASer 2 weeks of herbal treatment, the itching was less severe and limited to the right hip region. The papules began to change from red to white (hypopigmenta5on) and mostly disappeared, except around his elbows and knees. There were very few papules on chest, abdomen, back, and limbs. ASer 4 weeks of taking the herbs, majority of the boy’s papules healed and only slight hypopigmenta5on around the elbows and knees remained. His mother reported that he had 2 addi5onal flares of red papules with itching 2 months and 6 months later. Both Huáng Lián Jiě Du Tāng (Cop4s Decoc4on to Resolve Toxicity) and Xiāo Fēng Sān (Eliminate Wind Powder from Orthodox Lineage) were used to manage the exacerba5on of symptoms. No adverse effects were reported by the mother or boy during the en5re course of treatment. The TCM diagnosis for this case is common for atopic derma55s, ur5caria, psoriasis and eczema. Xiāo Fēng Sān (XFS) is the most used formula for the treatment of these dermatologic condi5ons 5 because of its strong an5pruri5c effect and ability to reduce hypersensi5vity responses. 6,7 Huáng Lián Jiě Du Tāng (HLJDT) was the key formula used to treat the PL because the nature of the rash and its chronicity indicated that the use of only XFS would not be sufficient. Addi5onally, HLJDT has shown to be useful for systemic inflammatory condi5ons in laboratory and clinical studies 7 , and is considered an herbal an5bio5c. ASer 2 weeks the number of papules on the skin reduced, the color began to transform from red to white (hypopigmenta5on), and itchiness subsided; thus indica5ng XFS was no longer needed. Now the milder formula, Yù Píng Fēng Săn could be used because it can enhance the immune system and inhibit allergic inflamma5on. 9 Overall, the posi5ve outcome in this case demonstrates that Chinese herbal medicine may be useful for PL. However, it is important to note that the pa5ent was simultaneously taking erythromycin while taking the herbs and it is unknown how this could have affected the outcome. Secondly, it has been reported that PL may resolve on its own without treatment as well. The obscurity and lack of clinical guidelines in treatment of PL can oSen lead pa5ents to prolonged use of medica5ons and without successful management of the condi5on. The current case may provide insight to an alterna5ve and natural approach to treatment of PLEVA by using Chinese herbal medicine to reduce the symptoms and severity of the papules, which warrant further inves5ga5on in rigorous trials. Conclusion References Results 1. Markus JR, Carvalho VO, Lima MN, Abagge KT, Nascimento A, Werner B. The relevance of recognizing clinical and morphologic features of pityriasis lichenoides: clinicopathological study of 29 cases. Dermatol. Pract. Concept. 2013;3(4):710. 2. 2. Brazzelli V, Carugno A, Rive[ N, Cananzi R, Barrusco[ S, Borroni G. Narrowband UVB phototherapy for pediatric generalized pityriasis lichenoides. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 2013;29(6):330333. 3. Pereira N, Brinca A, Manuel Brites M, José Julião M, Tellechea O, Gonçalo M. Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta: case report and review of the literature. Case Rep. Dermatol. 2012;4(1):6165. 4. Hapa A, ErsoyEvans S, Karaduman A. Childhood pityriasis lichenoides and oral erythromycin. Pediatr. Dermatol. 2012;29(6): 719724. 5. Lin JF, Liu PH, Huang TP, et al. Characteris5cs and prescrip5on pazerns of tradi5onal Chinese medicine in atopic derma55s pa5ents: tenyear experiences at a medical center in Taiwan. Complement. Ther. Med. 2014;22(1):141147. 6. Chang YT, Shen JJ, Wong WR, Yen HR. Alterna5ve therapy for autosensi5za5on derma55s. Chang Gung Med. J. 2009;32(6): 668673. 7. Cheng HM, Chiang LC, Jan YM, Chen GW, Li TC. The efficacy and safety of a Chinese herbal product (XiaoFengSan) for the treatment of refractory atopic derma55s: a randomized, doubleblind, placebocontrolled trial. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 2011;155(2):141148. 8. Li L, Zeng H, Shan L, et al. The different inhibitory effects of HuangLianJieDuTang on cyclooxygenase 2 and 5lipoxygenase. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2012;143(2):732739. 9. Lau TF, Leung PC, Wong ELY, et al. Using herbal medicine as a means of preven5on experience during the SARS crisis. Am. J. Chin. Med. 2005;33(3):345356.

Final PLEVA Poster

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Discussion  

Pityriasis  lichenodes  (PL)  is  a  rare  idiopathic  skin  condi5on  that  commonly  affects  gene5cally  suscep5ble  male  children  (19%-­‐38%),  with  peak  incidences  at  the  age  of  5  and  age  of  10.  Under  the  umbrella  term  of  PL,  there  are  various  subtypes  of  the  disorder:  acute  (PLA),  chronic  (PLC),  and  the  febrile  disorder,  Mucha-­‐Habermanns  disease.1  The  acute  form  is  characterized  as  erup5ons  of  small  2-­‐3  mm  reddish-­‐brown  clusters  of  papules  on  the  skin,  which  fill  with  pus  and  blood  and  cause  itching  and  burning;  and  in  severe  cases  begin  to  ulcerate.  PLC  will  oSen  appear  with  small  scaling  papules  that  upon  resolu5on  will  leave  hypopigmenta5on.  Simultaneous  systemic  symptoms  like  fever,  lymphadenopathy  and  necro5zing  papules  will  occur  in  Mucha-­‐Habermanns  disease.2        Diagnosis  is  oSen  difficult  because  of  the  lack  of  clinical  guidelines  and  its  some5mes-­‐similar  presenta5on  to  atopic  derma55s.  Currently,  diagnosis  relies  on  clinical  presenta5on,  ruling  out  of  other  disorders  and  histological  examina5on.  Although  the  e5ology  and  pathology  of  PL  remains  unknown,  it  is  hypothesized  that  PL  is  a  atypical  immune  response  triggered  by  an  infec5ous  agent  because  the  symptoms  and  papules  generally  improve  aSer  an5bio5c  therapy.3          Current  standard  of  treatment  of  a  pa5ent  with  PL  is  oral  an5bio5c  (tetracycline  or  erythromycin),  topical  cor5costeroid,  and  light  therapy.  The  results  have  varying  degrees  of  success  and  occasionally  resolve  on  its  own  aSer  several  weeks  to  months.4      

Background  

Classic Chinese Herbal Formulas for the Treatment of Pityriasis Lichenodes: A Case Study of a 7 Year Old Boy Judith Miller, MAOM (c)

San Hong Hwang, MD (Taiwan), OMD

A  7  year-­‐old  boy  with  a  mild  form  of  PL  was  brought  to  the  SCU  Health  System  in  Whi[er,  CA  in  September  2013.  The  boy  is  a  Caucasian  of  Moroccan  and  Cuban  descent.  The  onset  of  the  skin  rash  began  during  a  family  vaca5on  to  Hawaii  in  June  2013.  The  small,  red,  itchy  papules  ini5ally  arose  on  his  stomach  and  then  progressed  to  his  limbs  and  face.  From  June  to  August  the  pa5ent  was  ini5ally  diagnosed  with  a  viral  infec5on,  insect  bites  and  scabies.  During  this  5me  he  was  prescribed  200mg  of  liquid-­‐oral  erythromycin,  which  did  not  alleviate  his  symptoms  or  improve  the  skin  condi5on.  He  was  eventually  diagnosed  with  PL  aSer  a  histological  exam  in  September  2013.  He  has  no  prior  history  of  any  skin  condi5ons,  but  his  mother  and  other  immediate  family  members  have  a  history  of  psoriasis  and  eczema.  

Case  presenta3on  

Diagnosis  and  Treatment  At  the  5me  of  presenta5on,  the  pa5ent  had  several  2-­‐3mm  bright  red,  non-­‐ulcera5ng  papules  covering  his  en5re  body  and  face  associated  with  severe  itching  at  night.  No  history  of  any  discharge  was  reported.  His  vitals  and  other  physical  exam  findings  were  within  normal  limits.  His  mother  reported  that  the  boy  started  his  second  course  of  erythromycin  at  the  same  5me  when  he  reported  to  our  clinic.  His  tongue  was  found  to  be  red  with  prickles  with  a  greasy  white  coat,  and  his  pulse  was  slightly  slippery.  His  TCM  diagnosis  was  determined  as  an  invasion  of  wind-­‐damp  and  fire-­‐toxin.  He  was  prescribed:  Huáng  Lián  Jiě  Du  Tāng  (Cop4s  Decoc4on  to  Resolve  Toxicity)  and  Xiāo  Fēng  Sān  (Eliminate  Wind  Powder  from  Orthodox  Lineage)  in  granule  form  made  by  TCM  Zone®.  He  was  given  700mg  BID.  Yù  Píng  Fēng  Săn  (Jade  Windscreen  Powder)  was  subs5tuted  for  Xiao  Feng  San  (Eliminate  Wind  Powder  from  Orthodox  Lineage)  aSer  two  weeks  based  on  his  improved  skin  condi5on.      

Ini3al  Visit  

Visit  3:                  2  Weeks  A>er  Ini3al  Visit   Visit  5:                      4  Weeks  A>er  Ini3al  Visit  

Herbal  Formulas  Used    Huáng  Lián  Jiě  Du  Tāng  

Cop4s  Decoc4on  to  Resolve  Toxicity  Xiāo  Fēng  Sān  

Eliminate  Wind  Powder  from  Orthodox  Lineage  Yù  Píng  Fēng  Săn  

Jade  Windscreen  Powder  1.   Huáng  Lián  (Cop5dis  Rhizoma)  2.   Huáng  Qín  (Scutellariae  Radix)  3.   Huáng  Băi  (Phellodendri  Cortex)  4.   Zhī  Zĭ  (Gardeniae  Fructus)  

1.   Jīng  Jiè  (Schizonepetae  Herba)  2.   Fáng  Fēng  (Saposhnikoviae  Radix)  3.   Niú  Bàng  Zĭ  (Arc5i  Fructus)  4.   Chán  Tuì  (Cicadae  Periostracum)  5.   Kŭ  Shēn  (Sophorae  flavescen4s  Radix)  6.   Cāng  Zhú  (Atractylodis  Rhizoma)  7.   Mù  Tōng  (Akebiae  Caulis)  8.   Shí  Gāo  (Gypsum  fibrosum)  9.   Zhī  Mŭ  (Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma)  10.  Shēng  Dì  Huáng  (Rehmanniae  Radix)  11.  Dāng  Guī  (Angelicase  sinensis  Radix)  12.  Hēi  Zhī  Má  (Sesami  Semen  nigrum)  13.  Gān  Căo  (Glycyrrhizae  Radix)  

1.   Huáng  Qĭ  (Astragali  Radix)  2.   Bái  Zhú  (Atractylodis  

macrocephalae  Rhizoma)  3.   Fáng  Fēng  (Saposhnikoviae  

Radix)  

•  Dose:  700mg  BID    •  Taken  from  Ini3al  Visit  through            Week  4  

•  Dose:  700mg  Packet  BID  •  Taken  from  Ini3al  Visit  through  Week  2    

•  Dose:  700mg  Packet  BID  •  Taken  from  Week  3  through  

Week  4    

ASer  2  weeks  of  herbal  treatment,  the  itching  was  less    severe  and  limited  to  the  right  hip  region.  The  papules  began  to  change  from  red  to  white  (hypopigmenta5on)  and  mostly  disappeared,  except  around  his  elbows  and  knees.  There  were  very  few  papules  on  chest,  abdomen,  back,  and  limbs.  ASer  4  weeks  of  taking  the  herbs,  majority  of  the  boy’s  papules  healed  and  only  slight  hypopigmenta5on  around  the  elbows  and  knees  remained.  His  mother  reported  that  he  had  2  addi5onal  flares  of  red  papules  with  itching  2  months  and  6  months  later.  Both  Huáng  Lián  Jiě  Du  Tāng  (Cop4s  Decoc4on  to  Resolve  Toxicity)  and  Xiāo  Fēng  Sān  (Eliminate  Wind  Powder  from  Orthodox  Lineage)  were  used  to  manage  the  exacerba5on  of  symptoms.  No  adverse  effects  were  reported  by  the  mother  or  boy  during  the  en5re  course  of  treatment.      

                                                                                     

               The  TCM  diagnosis  for  this  case  is  common  for  atopic  derma55s,  ur5caria,  psoriasis  and  eczema.  Xiāo  Fēng  Sān  (XFS)  is  the  most  used  formula  for  the  treatment  of  these  dermatologic  condi5ons5  because  of  its  strong  an5pruri5c  effect  and  ability  to  reduce  hypersensi5vity    responses.6,7  Huáng  Lián  Jiě  Du  Tāng  (HLJDT)  was  the  key  formula  used  to  treat  the  PL  because  the  nature  of  the  rash  and  its  chronicity  indicated  that  the  use  of  only  XFS  would  not  be  sufficient.  Addi5onally,  HLJDT  has  shown  to  be  useful  for  systemic  inflammatory  condi5ons  in  laboratory  and  clinical  studies7,  and  is  considered  an  herbal  an5bio5c.      ASer  2  weeks  the  number  of  papules  on  the  skin  reduced,  the  color  began  to  transform  from  red  to  white  (hypopigmenta5on),  and  itchiness  subsided;  thus  indica5ng  XFS  was  no  longer  needed.  Now  the  milder  formula,  Yù  Píng  Fēng  Săn  could  be  used  because  it  can  enhance  the  immune  system  and  inhibit  allergic  inflamma5on.9    Overall,  the  posi5ve  outcome  in  this  case  demonstrates  that    Chinese  herbal  medicine  may  be  useful  for  PL.  However,  it  is  important  to  note  that  the  pa5ent  was  simultaneously  taking  erythromycin  while  taking  the  herbs  and  it  is  unknown  how  this  could  have  affected  the  outcome.  Secondly,  it  has  been  reported  that  PL  may  resolve  on  its  own  without  treatment  as  well.        The  obscurity  and  lack  of  clinical  guidelines  in  treatment  of  PL    can  oSen  lead  pa5ents  to  prolonged  use  of  medica5ons  and    without  successful  management  of  the  condi5on.  The  current  case  may  provide  insight  to  an  alterna5ve  and  natural    approach  to  treatment  of  PLEVA  by  using  Chinese  herbal  medicine  to  reduce  the  symptoms  and  severity  of  the  papules,  which  warrant  further  inves5ga5on  in    rigorous  trials.          

Conclusion  

References  

Results  

1.  Markus  JR,  Carvalho  VO,  Lima  MN,  Abagge  KT,  Nascimento  A,  Werner  B.  The  relevance  of  recognizing  clinical  and  morphologic  features  of  pityriasis  lichenoides:  clinicopathological  study  of  29  cases.  Dermatol.  Pract.  Concept.  2013;3(4):7-­‐10.    

2.  2.  Brazzelli  V,  Carugno  A,  Rive[  N,  Cananzi  R,  Barrusco[  S,  Borroni  G.  Narrowband  UVB  phototherapy  for  pediatric  generalized  pityriasis  lichenoides.  Photodermatol.  Photoimmunol.  Photomed.  2013;29(6):330-­‐333.    

3.  Pereira  N,  Brinca  A,  Manuel  Brites  M,  José  Julião  M,  Tellechea  O,  Gonçalo  M.  Pityriasis  lichenoides  et  varioliformis  acuta:  case  report  and  review  of  the  literature.  Case  Rep.  Dermatol.  2012;4(1):61-­‐65.    

4.  Hapa  A,  Ersoy-­‐Evans  S,  Karaduman  A.  Childhood  pityriasis  lichenoides  and  oral  erythromycin.  Pediatr.  Dermatol.  2012;29(6):719-­‐724.    

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6.  Chang  Y-­‐T,  Shen  J-­‐J,  Wong  W-­‐R,  Yen  H-­‐R.  Alterna5ve  therapy  for  autosensi5za5on  derma55s.  Chang  Gung  Med.  J.  2009;32(6):668-­‐673.  

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