Group members:

FATIMA AMIN

MARIYA MAHAR

RAHILA HASSAN

Kashmir Issue

Introduction

The disputed areas of the region of Kashmir. India claims the entire erstwhile princely state of Jammu and Kashmir based on an instrument of accession signed in 1947. Pakistan claims all areas of the erstwhile state except for those claimed by China. China claims the Shaksam Valley and Aksai Chin.

Partition and dispute Administered by Area Population  %

Muslim %

Hindu %

Buddhist  % Other

India Kashmir valley ~4 million 95% 4% – –

Jammu ~3 million 30% 66% – 4%

Ladakh ~0.25 million

46% (Shia) – 50% 3%

Pakistan Northern Areas ~1 million 99% – – –

Azad Kashmir ~2.6 million 100% – – –

China Aksai Chin – – – – –

•October 25, 1947: Maharajah flees to Jammu

•November 1, 1947: Kashmir's accession to India is not "bona fide": Jinnah

•November 2, 1947: Kashmiris have a right to determine future: Nehru

After the independent of Pakistan

•January 1948: India brings Kashmir issue to UN Security Council

• April 21, 1948: UN resolution envisages cease-fire, withdrawals

1950’s•January 24, 1957: UN Security Council reaffirms 1948 resolution

1960’s•February 5, 1964: India fails to keep her promise•March 1965: India claims Kashmir•January 10, 1966: Tashkent agreement signed

1947 - 48: India, Pakistan at war over Kashmir

1970’s•July 2 1972: Simla Agreement signed

1980’s•1987: a new Kashmiri resistance begins

1990’s•January 19, 1990: Kashmir brought under Indian control•February 27, 1990: United Nations not allowed in Kashmir•April 10, 1990: India threatens war •July 1990: Jammu and Kashmir Disputed Areas Act passed•November 1992: Amnesty International not allowed into Kashmir•January 9, 1995: India declares occupied Kashmir "backward”

•May 18, 1995: APHC rejects offer for talks on Kashmir with India•November 11, 1995: India launches anti-Pakistan propaganda campaign•December 23, 1995: APHC seeks intervention of UN, OIC and others•February 16, 1996: APHC calls for tripartite talks•August 2, 1996: Gowda tries to sweeten the deal for Kashmir•September 14, 1996: APHC leadership arrested

•September 16, 1996: sham elections held in Kashmir•March 3, 1997: Mujahedeen reject carving up Kashmir•March 28, 1997: India and Pakistan begin negotiations•June 25, 1997: India says Kashmir is not a "disputed territory“•October 12, 1997: rioting after Jami Mosque desecration•February 8, 1998: fear over "Kashaf commandos“

•March 19, 1998: Governor confesses India's human rights violations•April 2, 1998: Pakistan accused of fomenting war in Kashmir•April 10, 1998: Pakistan and India should "go the extra mile“•May 24, 1998: major offensive against Mujahedeen•May 30, 1998: India responds to nuclear testing•June 6, 1998: Pakistan proposes Kashmir resolution and a halt to nuclear arms buildup•August 1, 1998: "massive" joint operations against Mujahedeen•August 29, 1998: Nelson Mandela's involvement in Kashmir issue urged

•September 2,1998: NAM calls for resolution of Kashmir dispute•September 23, 1998: Pakistan and India agree to resume Kashmir talks•May 26, 1999: India launches air strikes against Mujahedeen in Kargil•June 1999: Kashmir peace hope flounders

2000’s

•July 2000: India celebrates Kargil "victory” •July 2001: Agra Summit•2002

•July 2001: Agra Summit:

•2002:In 2002 Pakistani President and Army Chief General Pervez Musharraf promised to check infiltration into Jammu and Kashmir• 2003

•2004

•2005

CURRENT SITUATION IN KASHMIR:

Pakistan has taken initiative and invited world attention at different forums to persuade India to fulfill its commitment to give right of self-determination to the people of Kashmir.

HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSE

1. INDIAN ADMINISTERED KASHMIR

2. PAKISTAN ADMINISTERED KASHMIR

MAP ISSUE

RECENT DEVELOPMENT

EFFORTS TO END THE CRISIS

20082008 Militant attacks:

2008 Kashmir protests:

2008 Kashmir elections:

BARRACK OBAMA ON KASHMIR CONFLICT:

In October 2008 Barrack Obama expressed his intention to try to work with India and Pakistan to resolve this crisis in a serious way. We have to hope that India and Pakistan can work out their differences on Kashmir on their own.

CONCLUSION