Final Presentation - Copy

7/31/2019 Final Presentation - Copy

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Organic farming is the form ofagriculture that relies on

techniques such as crop rotation, green

manure, and biological pest control. Organic farming

uses fertilizers and pesticides but strictly limits the use

of manufactured fertilizers, pesticides, plant growth

regulators such as hormones,

livestock antibiotics, food additives, genetically

modified organisms, and human sewage sludge.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_rotationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_manurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_manurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pest_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilizershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_growth_regulatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_growth_regulatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibioticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_additivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_organismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_organismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sludgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sludgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_organismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_organismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_additivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibioticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_growth_regulatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_growth_regulatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilizershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pest_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_manurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_manurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_rotationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture


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Organic agricultural methods areinternationally regulated and legally

enforced by many nations, based in largepart on the standards set bythe International Federation of OrganicAgriculture Movements (IFOAM), aninternational umbrella organization for organic farmingorganizations established in 1972. IFOAM defines theoverarching goal of organic farming as:

"Organic agriculture is a production system that sustains the

health of soils, ecosystems and people. It relies onecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted tolocal conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverseeffects. Organic agriculture combines tradition, innovationand science to benefit the shared environment and promote

fair relationships and a good quality of life for all involved.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Federation_of_Organic_Agriculture_Movementshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Federation_of_Organic_Agriculture_Movementshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrella_organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrella_organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Federation_of_Organic_Agriculture_Movementshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Federation_of_Organic_Agriculture_Movements


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The word organic can be attributed to the

following agricultural products:Meats

Fruits

Vegetables

Dairy productsGrains


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Organic foods are grown and processed using aparticular set of farming practices that eliminate

chemicals, while helping the environment byconserving water and nurturing soil. Some of thekey aspects of organic farming include:

Using natural fertilizers, like compost, instead of

chemical fertilizers.Utilizing insects, birds, plants and other natural

means of pest control instead of sprayinginsecticides over crops.

Manually managing weed growth through farmingtechniques, like crop rotation, eliminating the useof herbicides.

Using natural methods to care for animals like usingorganic feed rather than giving animals growth

hormones.


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SOIL MANAGEMENT

WEED MANAGEMENT

CONTROLLING OTHER ORGANISMS


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Plants need nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well

as micronutrients and symbioticrelationships with fungi and other organisms to

flourish. Crop rotation and green manure ("cover

crops") help to provide nitrogen through legumes (more

precisely, theFabaceae

family) which fix nitrogen fromthe atmosphere through symbiosis

with rhizobialbacteria. Intercropping, which is

sometimes used for insect and disease control, can also

increase soil nutrients.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micronutrienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiotic_relationshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiotic_relationshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_rotationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_manurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cover_crophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cover_crophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabaceaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizobiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercroppinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercroppinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizobiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabaceaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cover_crophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cover_crophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_manurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_rotationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiotic_relationshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiotic_relationshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micronutrienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant


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Organic weed management promotes weed suppression,rather than weed elimination, by enhancing cropcompetition and phototoxic effects on weeds .Organicfarmers integrate cultural, biological, mechanical, physicaland chemical tactics to manage weeds without synthetic .Mechanical and physical weed control practices used onorganic farms can be broadly grouped as:

Tillage - Turning the soil between crops to incorporate cropresidues and soil amendments; remove existing weedgrowth and prepare a seedbed for planting;

Cultivation - Disturbing the soil after seeding;

Mowing and cutting - Removing top growth of weeds;

Flame weeding and thermal weeding - Using heat to killweeds; and

Mulching - Blocking weed emergence with organicmaterials, plastic films, or landscape fabric.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytotoxichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytotoxichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultivatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulchinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_fabrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_fabrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulchinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultivatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytotoxichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weed


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Organisms aside from weeds that cause problems on

organic farms include arthropods (e.g.,insects, mites), nematodes, fungi and bacteria.

Organic farmers use a wide range ofIntegrated Pest

Management practices to prevent pests and

diseases. These include, but are not limited to,crop rotation and nutrient management; sanitation

to remove pest habitat; provision of habitat for

beneficial organisms; selection of pest-resistant

crops and animals; crop protection using physicalbarriers, such as row covers; and crop

diversification .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nematodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Pest_Managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Pest_Managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Row_coverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Row_coverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Pest_Managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Pest_Managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nematodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropod


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Organic produce contains fewer

pesticides. Pesticides are chemicals such asfungicides, herbicides, and insecticides. These

chemicals are widely used in conventional

agriculture and residues remain on (and in) the food

we eat.Organic food is often fresher. Fresh food tastes

better. Organic food is usually fresher when eaten

because it doesnt contain preservatives that make

it last longer. Organic produce is often (but notalways, so watch where it is from) produced on

smaller farms near where it is sold.


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Organic farming is better for the

environment. Organic farming practices reduce

pollution (air, water, soil), conserve water, reducesoil erosion, increase soil fertility, and use less

energy. In addition, organic farming is better for

birds and small animals as chemical pesticides can

make it harder for creatures to reproduce and caneven kill them. Farming without pesticides is also

better for the people who harvest our food.


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Organically raised animals are NOT given

antibiotics, growth hormones, or fed animal

byproducts. The use of antibiotics in conventionalmeat production helps create antibiotic-resistant

strains of bacteria. This means that when someone

gets sick from these strains they will be less

responsive to antibiotic treatment. Not feedinganimal byproducts to other animals reduces the risk

of mad cow disease (BSE). In addition, the animals

are given more space to move around and access to

the outdoors, both of which help to keep theanimals healthy. The more crowded the conditions,

the more likely an animal is to get sick.


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Organic vs. Non-organic Produce

Organic produce:

No PesticidesGrown with natural fertilizers (manure, compost).

Weeds are controlled naturally (crop rotation, hand

weeding, mulching, and tilling).

Insects are controlled using natural methods (birds,

good insects, traps).

Conventionally grown produce:

Pesticides usedGrown with synthetic or chemical fertilizers.

Weeds are controlled with chemical herbicides.

Insecticides are used to manage pests and disease.


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organic methods of farming can be just as

dangerous as conventional use of chemicals,

pesticides and insecticides. For example, manure

used as an organic fertilizer may increase the risk

of E. coli bacteria on food products, which could

lead to abdominal pain, diarrhea and other

conditions related to food poisoning.

organic foods may spoil faster because they don't

have chemical preservatives.
http://www.symptomfind.com/symptoms/abdominal-pain/http://www.symptomfind.com/symptoms/diarrhea/http://www.symptomfind.com/symptoms/diarrhea/http://www.symptomfind.com/symptoms/abdominal-pain/


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Organic produce is smaller and less uniform than

conventional because the farmers can't use the

synthetic fertilizers that can bulk up the size .Organic farming is also more expensive than

conventional farming, as can be seen with the cost

of using a chemical weed killer versus the

manpower required to manually pull weeds androtate crops.


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Inorganic farming is an agriculture production method

which involves the use of manmade products such as pesticides,

herbicides.

Inorganic farming uses soil fumigants to sterilize soil, herbicides

to kill weeds, chemical fertilizers to feed crops, pesticides to

control insect, pests, and fungicides to control fungal diseases.

Inorganic farmers often use antibiotics even though no disease is

present, as a preventative; they also use certain antibiotics and

hormones which they believe will increase the rate and amount

of growth and production.

Inorganic farming uses chemicals to simplify ecosystems.

Inorganic foods sometimes called non-organic food, are those

that are produced with artificial or synthetic substances or

processes.


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Produce

Non-organic produce is any that is grown with syntheticfertilizers, herbicides or other chemicals. In non-organic

produce, farmers may utilize a variety of synthetic fertilizersthat typically combine different ratios of nitrogen,

phosphorous and potassium. For example, anhydrousammonia is a common liquid fertilizer that, once injected

into the ground, reacts with water and increases theavailability of nitrogen, according to Michigan State

University Extension.

.


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Pesticides & Herbicides

Contaminated sewage sludge

Hormones, Antibiotics, & remains of other animals

Irradiation


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Non organic food is likely to be contaminated

with residues that often occur in potentially

dangerous combinations.

Contain more water than organic produce,

which contains more dry matter (on average,

20% more) for a given total weight.

The negative effects of pesticides on health

include neurotoxicity, disruption of the

endocrine system, carcinogenicity and

immune system suppression.


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Fewer

workers

neededFewer

blemishes on

crops

Produce is

cheaper

Large numbers

of animals kept

in ideal

conditions

Bigger yieldsfrom land

available

Antibiotics use

keeps animals

healthy

Use of

hormones

increases

meat

production


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Man-made

chemicals

usedChemicals

stay in soil

Natural

predators

destroyed

Chemicals

wash intorivers

Animals live incrowded

conditions

Hedgerow

habitatsdestro ed

Fact Non Organic Food


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Fact Non Organic Food

NutrientsDuring processing, non organic foods lose some nutrients and such nutrients have to be artificially added back to the

food.

Fertilizers Chemical fertilizers are used to provide nutrients for the growth of crops in conventional farming.

Pesticides In conventional farming, there are over 450 pesticides which are permitted for use. Many of these pesticides are toxic.

HerbicidesHerbicides are used in non organic farming to protect crops from insects and weeds. Herbicides sometimes leave a

harmful toxic residue on the plants.

Sewage SludgeHuman waste is used as a fertilizer to grow crops in conventional farming. This contaminated sewage sludge may

cause diseases.

Irradiation Non organic food is irradiated, to kill harmful bacteria and other microorganisms. Such radiations might causediseases in human beings.

Nitrate AmountNitrous contain nitrate as a common ingredient and this nitrate gets converted to nitrosamines, which may be

retained in the food and be cancer causing.

Genetic

Engineering

Genetically modified seeds are used in non organic farming. Such seeds are expensive and difficult for farmers to

afford. Such seeds give high yields crops, but such plants may be deficient in nutrients.

Animal WelfareAnimals are given antibiotics against diseases. Intensive farming methods are used to grow chicken quickly and most

of the time the animals are kept indoors.

Hormones Animals are injected with hormones for stimulating growth, so that they can be sold in the markets.

Effect on human

body

As animals are given antibiotics in conventional farming, human body, when sick does not accept the same

antibiotics, thus reducing the body's immunity in the long run. Exposure to pesticides is harmful to humans and

especially harmful to women's health.


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Food PoisoningThere are more chances offood poisoning with conventional farming food products because of the

use of chemicals in the form of fertilizers and pesticides.

Environment Pollution

Use of pesticides damages aquatic life. Herbicides and pesticides contain toxic chemicals, which has

resulted in lesser number of birds, insects and wild plants on the farmland. Earthworms are essentialfor good soil health and using pesticides and insecticides reduce earthworm population. This leads to

increased dependence of the soil, on pesticides.

Soil Erosion Due to productivity and cropping regimes in conventional farming, there is more soil erosion.

CostNon organic food contains many hidden cost like taxes and the cost of the treatment for the harm

caused to the environment by conventional farming.

Appearance Non organic food is treated many times with preservatives.

Quality Standards All non organic food products have the normal quality approval labels on them.

Food Safety Many a times harmful preservatives are added to non organic foods.

AvailabilityIf you measure the availability of organic food v/s non organic food, most non organic foods are easily

available.

Number of Consumers Maximum consumers buy non organic food, as it is cheaper and easily available.

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Final Presentation - Copy