final Project souvik

RESEARCH ON PRESENT SCENARIO OF STEM CELL BANKING

REASEARCH ON PRESENT SCENARIO OF

STEM CELL BANKING

A REPORT SUBMITTED TOWARDS THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF

THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE TWO YEARS FULL TIME POST

GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT

SUBMITTED BY

SOUVIK SEN

POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT

(MARKETING)

2K91/M/53

SESSION (2009-2011)

Asia Pacific Institute Of Management

3, Institutional Area, Jasola, New Delhi-110025

ASIA PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT 1


PREFACE

Today technology has completely changed the world and medical field is also not an

exception. Revolutionary concepts have brought new era in medical science. Stem Cell

Banking is one of them. It is very helpful in curing future expected diseases. Only one cell of

the body can be significantly important for almost 175 diseases. It is one the newly

established growing sector of health care marketing. A huge potential is there to be explored.

This project is a small step to explore this new venture and this project is also about

spreading the awareness of Stem Cell Banking among expecting mothers.







CERTIFICATE OF ATTENDANCE

Date :

Certificate of Attendance

This is to certify that Mr. / Ms.__SOUVIK SEN______________, a student of Asia-Pacific

Institute of Management, was engaged in a Summer Internship Project in our organization

from _6 TH April_______ to _____5 TH June ______. He/ She has been regular & punctual

during the tenure of the Internship Project.

S/d

(Name)

(Designation)



CERTIFICATE OF DECLARATION

STUDENT UNDERTAKING

I, Souvik Sen. hereby declare that the PGPM project report entitled RRESEARCH ON

PRESENT SENARIO OF STEM CELL BANKING IN Jamshedpur is a bonafide work

done by me based on the Summer Internship Program that I underwent from April – June

2010. I also declare that this report has been exclusively prepared for Asia Pacific Institute of

Management, New Delhi and has not been previously submitted to this or any other

institution for a diploma or any other qualification.

(Signature of the Student)



ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First and foremost, I want to give thanks to God through his blessings and for

bringing such wonderful people into my life to help me. You are my God, and I will

give you thanks; you are my God.

I thanks to my parents, without them, I cannot think anything. It gives me immense

pleasure to state that throughout the course of this summer internship project, a

number of people have helped me in many ways. Hence, I take this privilege to thank

and acknowledge the help received from them.

I wish to extend my most humble thanks to Mr. HITESH AWASTHI, Relationship

Manager, and CRYOBANKS INTERNATIONAL INDIA PVT.LTD. Area for

accepting and providing me with his unmatchable opportunity of learning. I am

thankful to sir for guiding me and providing me with professional expertise required

for this project and who in spite of his busy schedule, always helped me regarding

financial aspects of the project

Asia Pacific Institute of Management and my Faculty Guide Dr.Pankaj Kumar,

Professor, AIM and other faculty members for their support and motivation given to

me in successful completion of my project.

I am also thankful to the academic and administrative members of the Asia Pacific

Institute of Management

I express my sincere gratitude to Ms. Nayantara (H.R.) and Mr. Siddharth Burman

HOD (Bihar & Jharkhand), for giving his kind consent to carry out my summer

internship training project at CRYOBANKS, Jamshedpur.



EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This project is a tribute to stem cell banking. Stem cell banking is a growing sector in

healthcare. The main concept of stem cell banking is Stem cell treatments are a type of

genetic medicine that introduces new cells into damaged tissue in order to treat a disease or

injury. Many medical researchers believe that stem cell treatments have the potential to

change the face of human disease and alleviate suffering. The ability of stem cells to self-

renew and give rise to subsequent generations that can differentiate offers a large potential to

culture tissues that can replace diseased and damaged tissues in the body, without the risk of

rejection and side effects.Stem cell banking concept is introduce by Cryobanks international,

the company is a multinational brand and declared as leader in stem cell banking, Cryo bank

international main head office is situated in Gurgoan and has its franchisee all over

India.Cryobanks International USA is a joint venture with RJ Corp founded in 2006.

Cryobanks International is a leader in the collection, processing and banking of umbilical

cord blood stem cells. Cryobanks International provides a Private Cord Blood Storage

Program for expecting families that wish to privately store their baby's precious stem cells

and a Public Cord Blood Donation Program for those who prefer to donate. RJ Corp is a well

diversified Indian MNC, with business interests in soft beverages, breweries, real estate,

hospitality, healthcare, education, dairy, food service and retail, with an annual turnover of

over 15 billion rupees. Under the able guidance of Dr. Naresh Trehan, one of the country's

best-known cardiac surgeons, this joint venture has set up the first modern, state-of-the-art

cord blood stem cell bank in India at Gurgaon. It aims to become one of the largest cord

blood stem cell bank and a highly specialized training centre in the field of cord blood

banking.

The project title was “Research on Present Scenario of stem cell banking.”

The main objective of this project was to spread awareness on stem cell banking, to meet

expected mothers and their family and interview them to provide them knowledge on stem

cell banking. This project was conducted to know the potential mothers who are interested to

enrol with Cryo banks international and get their bio insurance done. Bio insurance is mainly

done to enjoy healthy living of the family. Cryo bank provide the opportunity to get the bio

insurance done which a priceless gift for a child and enjoy well being of the family and

prevent many diseases such as cancer , blood disorder , metabolic disorder and about 75 other



life threatening diseases. The objective of the project was fulfilled by structured face to face

direct interview process. The respondent were the expected mothers.

The methodology used was direct interview, places where the interview was conducted was

private clinics and hospitals. The respondent were given to fill a questionnaire with question

to know why they prefer a particular doctor , are they satisfied with the doctor’s service and

environment of the nursing home and the staff behaviour also to know the awareness level of

stem cell banking and are they interested to know more about stem cell banking.

The data analysis part can be summarized as total sample seize taken was 200 patients and

it was infer that out of 200 patients about 65% of patient prefer a doctor because of her good

nature and experience , a certain percentage prefer a particular doctor as per their

affordability or else the doctor is their family doctor. Large strength of the patients are

satisfied with the staff behavior, waiting room and timing of the nursing home. The

awareness level of stem cell banking among patients is quiet low but a huge extent of them

are interested to know about stem cell banking, this shows their interest level to know more

about stem cell banking. According to the income of the patients it has been noticed that

mean number of customer wants to know about stem cell banking is 75.5 and standard

deviation is 20. The analysis also consist a paired t test which tells us actual effect of any

event which has occurred. Here we are having µ1 as number of patient interested to enroll

with Cryobanks before awareness and µ2 as increase in number of patient after awareness.

Null hypothesis H0 define that awareness has not significantly increased and H1 define that

average significant level has increased after awareness.

The results of this test interpret that after awareness the number of patient interested to enroll

has increased to 7% in Jamshedpur region thus has been positive growth in the enrolment rate

of potential customer of Cryo Bank.

Thus it has been recommended that the company should care on such awareness campaign

regularly as stem cell banking is totally new concept and also go for advertisement for

Cryobanks through print media this will increase its market potential.

TABLE OF CONTENTS



Chapter no. Topics Page No.

1. Introduction

1.1 Scope Of The Study

1.2 Objective Of The Study

12

13

13

2. Review Of Literature

2.1 History of Development of Stem Cell Banking

14

15

3. Company Profile 18

4. Stem Cell Overview 26

5. STEM CELL AWARENESS IN INDIA 38

6. METHODOLOGY

6.1Collection of Primary Data

6.2 Mode of Classification of Market Survey

6.3. Survey Environment

6.4. Type of Interview

6.5. Type Question in the Questionnaire

6.6 Importance of Mode of Data Collection

6.7. Challenges Faced

6.8. Steps Involved In Data Analysis

40

40

40

41

42

42

43

43

43



7. DATA ANALYSIS

7.1. Finding as Per Questionnaire

7.2. Graphical Finding

7.3. Result

7.4 Limitation Of Study

44

44

60

62

63

8. RECOMMENDATION 65

9. CONCLUTION 66

10. BIBLOGRAPHY 67

11. APPENDICEDS 68

CHAPTER 1



INTRODUCTION

The project was completed under multinational brand Cryo Bank International, Cryobanks

International is a leader in the collection, processing and banking of umbilical cord blood

stem cells, founded on 2006. As it was multinational company it fascinated me to take this

project. Stem cell banking was a totally new sector, I was very interested to explore new

sectors, this project was a challenge to me and I hope I have done a well preformed job. RJ

Corp is a well diversified Indian MNC, with business interests in soft beverages, breweries,

real estate, hospitality, healthcare, education, dairy, food service and retail, with an annual

turnover of over 15 billion rupees. This was the reason for interest to grow for this sector.

The project was a done a summer internship project, the report is submitted towards the

partial fulfilment of the requirement of the two years full-time Post Graduate Diploma in

Management (Marketing).

The project is done on the marketing literature of market research the tools of market

research used is survey and interview. The project marketed is stem cell banking. The project

contain introduction to the stem cell banking, importance and further prospective of stem cell

banking. The project has brief introduction to the company who does stem cell banking why

it is called leader in stem banking. The project gives in detail of advantages of cord blood

cell and advantages of Cryo bank.

The objective of the project was to know the present scenario stem cell banking and spread

awareness of stem cell stem among potential customers.

The project in order to fulfilment of its objective one has done extensive market research by

face to face interview and market survey method. The Survey places were nursing home and

interviewer were expected mother who willing to get there bio insurance done which is

priceless gift for their child. The project contains all aspect of stem cell banking and how

prevents 75 life treating despises and why should a family go for bio insurance. The project

provides opportunity of stem cell banking in India.

The project also contain questionnaire have various type of Questions interviewed to

expected mothers. The data analysis is done on steps such as collecting a sample of 200 data

from expected mothers, obtaining score on them from the respondent. Calculating the total

data and analyzing them through quantitative techniques. Apart from this comparing the



current data with previous year data to know the growth potential in field of stem cell

banking of an international company named Cryobank International. The project ascertain

finding and as inference along with result as given at the end of the project. These finding

was a learning methodology which was also reason to under take the project and apply my

knowledge partially.

Thus it has been recommended that the company should undertake such awareness campaign

regularly as stem cell banking is totally new concept. Apart from this other suggestion also

given in the project. Cryo bank has been a note worthy stepping stone in my career, it’s a

wonderful experience to do summer project from such international band known as leader in

stem cell banking.

1.1 SCOPE OF STUDY

The scope of this study essentially includes the regions, areas, and the product categories in

which the surveys have been conducted. The scope of the study can be broadly categorized

into three scopes, namely:

Geographical scope- covering all the gynic nursing homes in Jamshedpur.

Product scope- stems cell banking promoted by Cryo Bank International.

Time scope or extent of study- Period of 2 months with collection of 200 samples.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

Main Objective

To know the present scenario of stem cell banking

Specific Objective

To spread awareness about stem cell banking.

To know whether the patients and their family are satisfied staff behaviour and

hygiene factors for hospitals and nursing homes.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE



This project is completed with an objective to know the present scenario of stem cell banking

and to spread awareness of stem cell banking. This project is done in accordance to Cryo

bank international a company who is leader in stem cell banking. The main aspect of the

project is market research as its objective to know the awareness level of stem cell banking

among patient and the current population of India, the location undertaken by me was

Jamshedpur.

Market research is any organized effort to gather information about markets or customers. It

is a very important component of business strategy. The term is commonly interchanged with

marketing research; however, expert practitioners may wish to draw a distinction, in that

marketing research is concerned specifically about marketing processes, while market

research is concerned specifically with markets.Various methods of market research are used

to find out information about markets, target markets and their needs, competitors, market

trends, customer satisfaction with products and services, etc.

The Basic Methods of Market Research

Surveys- With concise and straightforward questionnaires, you can analyze a sample

group that represents your target market. The larger the sample, the more reliable

is the results.

Focus groups- In focus groups, a moderator uses a scripted series of questions or

topics to lead a discussion among a group of people. A focus group usually lasts one

to two hours, and it takes at least three groups to get balanced results.

Personal interviews- Like focus groups, personal interviews include unstructured,

open-ended questions. They usually last for about an hour and are typically recorded.

Observation-Individual responses to surveys and focus groups are sometimes at odds

with people's actual behaviour. When you observe consumers in action by

videotaping them in stores, at work, or at home, you can observe how they buy or use

a product. This gives you a more accurate picture of customers' usage habits and

shopping patterns.



Field trials- Placing a new product in selected stores to test customer response under

real-life selling conditions can help you make product modifications, adjust prices, or

improve packaging.

Cryo Bank mainly used survey and personal interview tool of market research to ascertain

the present scenario of stem cell banking, how to increase the awareness and what level of

awareness is at present. Market research is a useful aspect of marketing used by Cryo

bank.

2.1 HISTORY IN DEVLOPEMENT OF STEM CELL BANKING

Key Research Events

1908 - The term "stem cell" was proposed for scientific use by the Russian histologist

Alexander Maksimov (1874–1928) at congress of hematologic society in Berlin. It

postulated existence of haematopoietic stem cells.

1960s - Joseph Altman and Gopal Das present scientific evidence of adult

neurogenesis, ongoing stem cell activity in the brain; like André Genres, their reports

contradict Cajal's "no new neurons" dogma and are largely ignored.

1963 - McCulloch and Till illustrate the presence of self-renewing cells in mouse

bone marrow.

1968 - Bone marrow transplant between two siblings successfully treats SCID.

1978 - Haematopoietic stem cells are discovered in human cord blood.

1981 - Mouse embryonic stem cells are derived from the inner cell mass by scientists

Martin Evans, Matthew Kaufman, and Gail R. Martin. Gail Martin is attributed for

coining the term "Embryonic Stem Cell".

1992 - Neural stem cells are cultured in vitro as neurospheres.

1997 - Leukaemia is shown to originate from a haematopoietic stem cell, the first

direct evidence for cancer stem cells.

1998 - James Thomson and co-workers derive the first human embryonic stem cell

line at the University of Wisconsin–Madison



2000s - Several reports of adult stem cell plasticity are published.

2001 - Scientists at Advanced Cell Technology clone first early (four- to six-cell

stage) human embryos for the purpose of generating embryonic stem cells.

2003 - Dr. Songtao Shi of NIH discovers new source of adult stem cells in children's

primary teeth.

2004–2005 - Korean researcher Hwang Woo-Suk claims to have created several

human embryonic stem cell lines from unfertilised human oocytes. The lines were

later shown to be fabricated.

2005 - Researchers at Kingston University in England claim to have discovered a

third category of stem cell, dubbed cord-blood-derived embryonic-like stem cells

(CBEs), derived from umbilical cord blood. The group claims these cells are able to

differentiate into more types of tissue than adult stem cells.

2005 - Researchers at UC Irvine's Reeve-Irvine Research Center are able to partially

restore the ability of mice with paralyzed spines to walk through the injection of

human neural stem cells.

August 2006 - Rat Induced pluripotent stem cells: the journal Cell publishes

Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka.

October 2006 - Scientists at Newcastle University in England create the first ever

artificial liver cells using umbilical cord blood stem cells.

January 2007 - Scientists at Wake Forest University led by Dr. Anthony Atala and

Harvard University report discovery of a new type of stem cell in amniotic fluid. This

may potentially provide an alternative to embryonic stem cells for use in research and

therapy.

June 2007 - Research reported by three different groups shows that normal skin cells

can be reprogrammed to an embryonic state in mice.[In the same month, scientist

Shoukhrat Mitalipov reports the first successful creation of a primate stem cell line

through somatic cell nuclear transfe rs



October 2007 - Mario Capecchi, Martin Evans, and Oliver Smithies win the 2007

Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their work on embryonic stem cells from

mice using gene targeting strategies producing genetically engineered mice (known as

knockout mice) for gene research.

November 2007 - Human induced pluripotent stem cells: Two similar papers released

by their respective journals prior to formal publication: in Cell by Kazutoshi

Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka, "Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult

human fibroblasts by defined factors",. and in Science by Junying Yu, et al., from the

research group of James Thomson, "Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from

human somatic cells":. pluripotent stem cells generated from mature human

fibroblasts. It is possible now to produce a stem cell from almost any other human cell

instead of using embryos as needed previously, albeit the risk of tumorigenesis due to

c-myc and retroviral gene transfer remains to be determined.

January 2008 - Robert Lanza and colleagues at Advanced Cell Technology and

UCSF create the first human embryonic stem cells without destruction of the embryo

January 2008 - Development of human cloned blastocysts following somatic cell

nuclear transfer with adult fibroblasts]

February 2008 - Generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult mouse liver and

stomach: these iPS cells seem to be more similar to embryonic stem cells than the

previous developed iPS cells and not tumorigenic, moreover genes that are required

for iPS cells do not need to be inserted into specific sites, which encourages the

development of non-viral reprogramming techniques.

March 2008-The first published study of successful cartilage regeneration in the

human knee using autologous adult mesenchymal stem cells is published by clinicians

from Regenerative Sciences

October 2008 - Sabine Conrad and colleagues at Tübingen, Germany generate

pluripotent stem cells from spermatogonial cells of adult human testis by culturing the

cells in vitro under leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) supplementation.

30 October 2008 - Embryonic-like stem cells from a single human hair



1 March 2009 - Andras Nagy, Keisuke Kaji, et al. discover a way to produce

embryonic-like stem cells from normal adult cells by using a novel "wrapping"

procedure to deliver specific genes to adult cells to reprogram them into stem cells

without the risks of using a virus to make the change.The use of electroporation is

said to allow for the temporary insertion of genes into the cell.

CHAPTER 3

COMPANY PROFILE

Cryobanks International India a JV between Cryobanks International USA and RJ Corp

founded in 2006. Cryobanks International is a leader in the collection, processing and

banking of umbilical cord blood stem cells. Cryobanks International provides a Private Cord

Blood Storage Program for expecting families that wish to privately store their baby's

precious stem cells and a Public Cord Blood Donation Program for those who prefer to

donate. Founded in 1993, Cryobanks International, Inc., a pioneer in the collection, isolation,

and storage technologies for cord blood stem cells, is located in Altamonte Springs, Florida, a

suburb of Orlando. The company is focused on providing high-quality umbilical cord blood

stem cell processing, and storage for both private family use and public donation purposes.

Other facilities of the are in Greece, India and Thailand.

RJ Corp is a well diversified Indian MNC, with business interests in soft beverages,

breweries, real estate, hospitality, healthcare, education, dairy, food service and retail, with an

annual turnover of over 15 billion rupees. The first signs of economic liberalization signalled

the entry of Pepsi into India in 1991 and with it started the journey of partnering Pepsi in their

beverages business in India. In 1993 Devyani Beverages Ltd was set up to take the Pepsi

bottling operations forward. Currently there are 9 bottling plants operating across the

country. The current capacity is 35 million cases per annum during the peak season. In 1995

Varun Beverages was created and Devyani Beverages was merged with it in October 2004.

Devyani International Limited is the food service/retail arm of the group and is uniquely

placed with a portfolio of 3 international brands in the quick service restaurant space. (Pizza

Hut, Costa Coffee, KFC)



Group’s foray into the healthcare business started in 2005 with a tie up with Cryobanks in the

US for the storage of stem cells. The business has mushroomed and is on the verge of

explosive growth. The year 1992 heralded our appearance in the ice cream industry with

Gaylord. After being a key supplier to HLL in India for many years, in 2003 we launched

Cream bell ice creams with Candida of France in 2003. With a manufacturing facility in

Baddi to start with, we are now on threshold of starting another unit in Panda district in Goa.

Group has been associated with education. It strongly believes that investment in quality care

and education for young minds is essential for the future growth and development of our

country. The group’s foray into Secondary & pre-school education is in line with educational

projects of the group. The Group has entered into a joint venture partnership with Modern

Montessori International (MMI) Singapore, to open pre-school educational institutions across

the country and franchise agreement with DPS at Gurgaon and Jaipur.

Under the able guidance of Dr. Naresh Trehan, one of the country's best-known cardiac

surgeons, this joint venture has set up the first modern, state-of-the-art cord blood stem cell

bank in India at Gurgaon. It aims to become one of the largest cord blood stem cell bank and

a highly specialized training centre in the field of cord blood banking. Cryobanks India will

have special focus on research of stem cell therapies as a potential treatment for cardiac

diseases and diabetes.

Cryobanks India has set up 28,000 square feet, state-of-the-art stem cell processing and

banking facility in Gurgaon Haryana. Cryobanks India with an initial investment of 25 crore

has stored more than 6000 stem cells till date .The company is working towards national and

international collaborations to provide the “best of class” facilities in stem cell industry in

India. Cryobanks India follows the “Closed bag” collection method for harvesting cord blood

stem cells which greatly reduces the possibility of contamination of cord blood. The company

provides a facility of collection from all major cities in India. Cryobanks has a team of

medical professionals who have been extensively trained, certified and educated in cord

blood processing and Quality Assurance processes at Cryobanks International, Inc., U.S.A.

Cryobanks International, Inc. engages in the collection, isolation, and storage of cord blood

stem cells. The company focuses on providing umbilical cord blood stem cell processing and



storage services for private family use and public donation purposes. The company was

founded in 1993 and is based in Altamonte Springs, Florida.

Cryobanks International Inc. and Donor Services of Indiana have entered into a procurement

agreement for umbilical cord blood. Under the agreement Donor Services of Indiana will

collect cord blood on behalf of Cryobanks International for donation and private storage from

mothers in seven Fort Wayne area hospitals. Cryobanks will validate process and store the

qualified units at their Altamonte Springs facility. Donated units which qualify will be listed

on various stem cell registries for potential use around the world. Privately stored cord blood

will be stored at CI. In 2009, both companies hope the program will add 600 to 800 qualified

cord blood units to the registry systems such as the National Marrow Donor Program.

Cryobanks International today announced the launch of the first cord blood stem cell in India

which will store the cells for posterity. Worried about suffering from terminal disorders, here

is a cure for you. Store cord blood stem cells at the time of the birth of your child to ensure a

speedy recovery for your family.

Chairman of Cryo Banks- Ms Dhara Jaipuria

Managing Director - Ms Dhara Jaipuria

Company’s marketing head - Ashim Ghazi

Cryobanks International India's Head Office - Cryobanks International India Pvt. Ltd.

129 Pace City -1, Sector-37 Gurgaon.



Mission

To provide a world class quality facility for banking of umbilical cord blood for public and

private storage, and to provide higher quality of umbilical cord stem cells for the purpose of

Transplant and research support by professional competence.

Vision

To excel in everything we touch and handle - is visible in their many charitable and

pioneering initiatives, under the supervision of Mrs. Dhara Jaipuria. All to meet the genuine

needs of the community and society.

Aim of the company

To be the largest inventory holder of cord blood stem cells in India for both family storage &

public donation Have a total of seven cord blood banks all over India to have stem cell



inventory, covering maximum ethnicities in India. Be part of stem cell research initiative of

India by becoming major source of all types of stem cells to various research institutions with

in the country.



3.1CRYOBANKS INDIA ADVANTAGE

Do you want peace of mind that comes with choosing a cord blood banking partner you can

trust? Cryobanks International India, under the leadership of R J Corp and Dr Naresh Trehan,

will always be there.

Cryobanks International India is the first “State of the Art” cord blood stem cell bank

to be set up in India.

We have set up 14,000 square feet, state-of-the-art stem cell processing and banking

facility in Gurgaon, Haryana.

This brand new facility provides complete, in-house processing and storage

technology, licensed by Cryobanks International, Inc., USA.

“Closed bag” collection method for harvesting cord blood stem cells greatly reduces

the possibility of contamination of cord blood

National coverage - Facility of collection is being provided from all major cities in

India.

Our team of medical professionals have been extensively trained, certified and

educated in cord blood processing and Quality Assurance at Cryobanks International,

Inc., U.S.A.

The storage facility is an earth quake resistant building i.e. it is a concrete structure

All equipment is backed up for 24 hours with UPS and Generators, in case of a

power failure.

Adequate fire fighting measures such as automatic sprinklers and alarm systems are

present throughout the building.

Our laboratory operates 24 x 7.

Flexible payment plans that offer hope for your family.

The facility is been fitted with a Central Monitoring system which monitors the

temperature, humidity and pressure, 24*7 to ensure to a controlled environment as

required for Current Good Manufacturing Practices and Current Good Laboratory

Practices.



3.2. MARKET SENARIO OF THE COMPANY

In recent times, the concept of cord banking has caught on with a lot of Indians. Here’s a look

at what makes India such a lucrative destination for companies that facilitate cord banking.

One may have heard about umbilical cord banking, or read about it in tabloids where

celebrities talk about storing their children’s umbilical cord blood cells, claiming it as an

‘investment for their child’s future’. Leaving aside the glam quotient, India is fast emerging

as a ‘cord banking hub’ as indicated by statistics. Recent estimates suggest that in India,

about 25,000 cord blood units have been banked in the past three years.

This figure is poised to grow in the years to come because of three reasons:

a) More and more cord banking companies are planning to join the fray;

b) More Indians are now aware of this facility and are keen on ensuring their child’s lifelong

health; and

c) The process of cord banking has been granted regulatory approval. This market called

heath care market and Cryo bank is leader in stem cell banking in this sector. With 80,000

babies being born per day (that’s 26 million births a year), India is on the brink of being the

largest source for umbilical cord blood in the world.

Market Players

As of now, there are around six main players in this five year old market. Many of the

established cord blood banking companies here have an overseas parent company responsible

for the initial investment. In India, the leading private players in cord blood banking include

Reliance Life Sciences, Life cell International, Cryobanks International India, Cryo Stem cell

Karnataka, Cord life Sciences, and Cryo-Save India. In the public sector, Jeevan Stem Cell

Blood Bank exists as a not-for-profit stem cell bank, making its nominal presence felt. Life

cell is slated as the first as well as the biggest entrant in cord blood banking. It entered in

India through a technological tie-up with US-based Cryo-Cell International (CCI). A new

entrant in this market is Singapore-based firm Cord life Limited. It plans to have a pan-India

presence, with investment plans of Rs. 300 million in the next 18-24 months. Another

European stem cell banking company, Cryo-Save launched its operation in India in



December 2008. The company has set 10 stem cell storage banks in the country at a cost of

Rs. 10 million. Of the 26 million births per year, almost 600,000 are prospective customers,

considering the pricing of around Rs. 79,000 per umbilical cord banked for 21 years.

However, with so many companies entering the space, the prices have become very

competitive, with companies slashing the prices by almost 50% of the initial cost, forcing

other companies to follow suit.

The concept of stem cell banking in India is here to stay with around 85 diseases that can be

cured or mitigated through stem cells. Also, government of India is taking concrete steps in

positive direction. The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) is all set to create 35 ‘Centers of

Excellence’ to augment research in adult and embryonic stem cells.

Summing up, the economic rise in the educative middle population and the deeper

penetration of internet will result in increased awareness levels amongst the masses about this

concept, and a strong legalized. That being said, a less commercialized atmosphere will

positively make stem cell banking an integral part of Indian healthcare.

List Of Market Player of Cryo Bank International

Jeevan Stem Cell Blood Bank

Cord life Limited

Cryo-Save



CHAPTER 5

STEM CELL OVERVIEW

5.1. What Is Stem Cell?

Stem cells are cells found in all multi cellular organisms. They are characterized by the

ability to renew themselves through mitotic cell division and differentiate into a diverse range

of specialized cell types. Research in the stem cell field grew out of findings by Canadian

scientists Ernest A. McCulloch and James E. Till in the 1960s. The two broad types of

mammalian stem cells are: embryonic stem cells that are isolated from the inner cell mass of

blast cysts, and adult stem cells that are found in adult tissues. In a developing embryo, stem

cells can differentiate into all of the specialized embryonic tissues. In adult organisms, stem

cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body, replenishing specialized cells,

but also maintain the normal turnover of regenerative organs, such as blood, skin, or

intestinal tissues. Stem cells can now be grown and transformed into specialized cells with

characteristics consistent with cells of various tissues such as muscles or nerves through cell

culture. Highly plastic adult stem cells from a variety of sources, including umbilical cord

blood and bone marrow, are routinely used in medical therapies. Embryonic cell lines and

autologous embryonic stem cells generated through therapeutic cloning have also been

proposed as promising candidates for future therapies.

5.2. Type of Stem Cell, Used In Research and Medicine

There are three main type of stem cell which is usually considered for their potential use in

research and medicine. They did differ in their ability to self –renew:

TOTIPOTENT –This Stem Cell have the potential to develop into all cell types

including the embryonic membranes (e.g. fertilized egg). After an egg is fertilized, it

undergoes a series of division to become an embryo and later a fetus. The cells that

are formed during these first few division are totipotent. Human cells have this

capacity only during the first of a fertilized egg. After 3-4 division of totipotent cells

these cell will not be able to retain totipotent properties.



PLURIPOTENT – Pluripotent stem cell can developed into cell from all three

germinal layers(e.g.- embryonic cells from the inner cell mass) . This type of stem cell

has the Ability to become all the different cell type in the body –except the cells of the

placenta or other supporting membrance of the fetus. Pluripotent stem cells result

after totipotent stem cells at the blasstocyst stage and fatal stem cells are pluripotent.

Totipotent and pluripotent cells are essential for the development of an entirely new

organism, which is why they are found in the early stages of development.

MULTIPOTENT – Multipotent stem cell can be oligopotent, bipotent or unipotent

depending on their ability to develop into few, two or one cell types . These cells can

give rise to several other cell types, but those types are limited mostly to cells of the

native tissue or organ. These cells fution as a pepair system for damaged tissue. Adult

stem cells are a good example of multipotent stem cells.

5.3. Why Bank Stem Cells?

Cord blood stem cells are not just for your baby - but are an investment for the whole family.

Not only is it a 100% match for your baby if it requires these stem cells but even the siblings

have a 25% chance of being a suitable match. Some clinical studies have also proven that

stem cell transplants are twice as successful when the stem cells come from a family member

rather than from a non-relative. And though the chance that any family member will use the

cord blood for treatment is very low, the likelihood that it could be used to treat a variety of

diseases is increasing. When you bank your baby's cord blood stem cells with a private bank,

you can enjoy the peace of mind of knowing that your baby's stem cells are available- should

the need ever arise.

The collection process is less invasive, painless, and quick.

You only get one chance!

Cord Blood is otherwise considered medical waste.

According to the NMDP (National Marrow Donor Program, USA), each year

thousands of adults and children are in serious need of a life saving transplant.



5.4. Importance of Banking Umbilical Cord Blood:

A once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to preserve a biological resource that could be a

lifesaver for your child or other family members

A genetically unique resource, your baby's stem cells have a 25% probability of being

a perfect match for a sibling - should he or she ever need a stem cell transplant

A life-saving alternative to bone marrow transplants. Doctors have increasingly

turned to cord.

Blood stem cells as there is a lower probability of graft vs. host disease (GVHD) and

a greater.

5.5.CORD BLOOD BANKING IS PRICELESS

Cord blood Banking is one of the most exciting innovations in the medical community in

recent years. This is the ability to cryogenically preserve an amount of your child’s stem cell

producing umbilical cord blood. The Cord Blood of your baby can be used for transplant in

case of an emergency one day. Hence, cord blood banking is simply PRICELESS as it help

you save the life of your baby.

Cord blood stem cells help to replace bone marrow in many instances and are often

preferable due to the fact that it precludes having to locate a donor – many times not an easy

task. The decision of cord blood banking is one of the decisions that should be taken by the

parents before the birth of the child. This vital decision must be considered carefully. The

decision whether to save the cord stem cells of your baby should be taken by educating

yourself as to what the procedure entails as well as the pros and cons.

5.6. CORD BLOOD BANKING IS PRICELESS

Cord blood Banking is one of the most exciting innovations in the medical community in

recent years. This is the ability to cryogenically preserve an amount of your child’s stem cell

producing umbilical cord blood. The Cord Blood of your baby can be used for transplant in

case of an emergency one day. Hence, cord blood banking is simply PRICELESS as it help

you save the life of your baby.



Cord blood stem cells help to replace bone marrow in many instances and are often

preferable due to the fact that it precludes having to locate a donor – many times not an easy

task. The decision of cord blood banking is one of the decisions that should be taken by the

parents before the birth of the child. This vital decision must be considered carefully. The

decision whether to save the cord stem cells of your baby should be taken by educating

yourself as to what the procedure entails as well as the pros and cons.

5.7. SAVE CORD BLOOD, SAVE YOUR CHILD

Cord Blood Banking means saving your child from any accidents in future. The reason why

cord blood banking is priceless is that the available research shows this blood has the power

to heal injuries and ailments. For example, diseases like leukemia, lymphomas, brain

damages, brain tumors and other cancers have been successfully treated by cord stem cells.

But these are only few among the various diseases that can be cured by stem cell and the list

keeps on getting longer. To get the cord blood, your doctor will draw blood from the

umbilical cord at the time of delivery. Then, this blood is dispatched to the company whose

service you want to use. These companies remove stem cells from the blood and store

particularly for the later use of your family.

5.8. WORTH OF CORD BLOOD BANKING

The prime reason behind the decision of cord blood banking is when there is another child in

the family or anyone closes with diseases like leukemia, anemia and various immune

deficiencies. Cord blood stem cells are perfect match and results in saving life. On the other

hand, where this storage is being considered as a risk-coverage option, it is a decision the

parents have to take and here is where the costs of cord blood banking factor comes into play.

The stem cells can be used for curing any patient in need or for research purposes. In fact

cryo charges a sum of Rs. 75000 which can be paid in easy installment.

5.9. ADVANTAGES OF CORD CELLS

Studies suggest that stem cells from cord blood offer some important advantages over those

retrieved from bone marrow. For one thing, stem cells from cord blood are much easier to get



because they are readily obtained from the placenta at the time of delivery. Harvesting stem

cells from bone marrow requires a surgical procedure, usually under general anaesthesia, that

Can cause post operative pain and poses a small risk to the donor.

A broader range of recipients may benefit from cord blood stem cells. These can be stored

and transplanted back into the donor, to a family member or to an unrelated recipient. For a

bone marrow transplant to succeed, there must be a nearly perfect match of certain tissue

proteins between the donor and the recipient. When stem cells from cord blood are used, the

donor cells appear more likely to “take” or engraft, even when there are partial tissue

mismatches.

The use of cord blood may make blood stem cell transplants available more quickly for

people who need them. About 30,000 individuals each year are diagnosed with conditions

that could be treated with a bone marrow transplant. Approximately 25 percent of these

individuals have a relative who is an appropriate tissue match. While suitable donors can be

located for many through national bone marrow registries, the process can take months.

Donors can be located within 4 months for about 50 percent of patients. It often is more

difficult to find a bone marrow match for members of non-white ethnic and racial groups;

transplants from cord blood may make timely treatment available for more of these

individuals. Banked stem cells from cord blood can be more readily available, and this can be

especially crucial for patients with severe cases of leukaemia, anaemia or immune deficiency

Who would, otherwise, die before a math can be found?

Cord blood also is less likely to contain certain infectious agents, like some viruses, that can

Pose a risk to transplant recipients.

In addition, some studies suggest that cord blood may have a greater ability to generate new

blood cells than bone marrow. Ounce for ounce, there are nearly 10 times as many blood-

producing cells in cord blood. This fact suggests that a smaller number of cord blood cells are

needed for a successful transplantation.

In addition, cord blood stem cells offer some exciting possibilities for gene therapy for

certain genetic diseases, especially those involving the immune system. The children, who

also receive additional drug treatment, appear healthy to date, even though their blood now

carries only a small amount of the gene introduced into their stem cells.



5.10 Sources of Stem Cells

Stem cells can be found in different places. And just where you get your stem cells from can

Make all the difference as to their potential.

Embryonic Stem Cells: Using a donated human embryo, scientists are able to extract

the blastocyst (inner cell) from the 4-day old embryo. This is then cultured for about

six months in a Petri dish until a ‘cell line,’ which contains millions of stem cells, is

produced. Embryos are usually obtained from a donor who has given their informed

consent that their embryos, originally created for IVF but are now no longer needed.

Bone Marrow: Bone marrow is the spongy material you find inside your bones.

Contained within bone marrow, however, are stem cells. In fact, aside from cord

blood, bone marrow is the richest source of adult stem cells. However, bone marrow

stem cells have matured and therefore are more restricted as to what type of cells they

can differentiate into. Moreover, normal environmental exposures and toxins have

likely affected these cells. As a result, their use is more limited.

Peripheral Blood Stem Cells: These stem cells also fall into the category of adult

stem cells. Peripheral blood refers to the blood circulating in your system. Although

this isn’t the richest source of stem cells, peripheral blood stem cell donors can be

administered ‘growth factor’ drugs to help increase their number of stem cells. When

donating the stem cells, blood is withdrawn from the body and stem cells are

separated from the blood before the blood returns to the body.

Cord Blood Stem Cells: Cord blood stem cells hold great potential in treating a wide

number of diseases and disorders. Cord blood stem cells are actually much more

primitive than bone marrow or peripheral stem cells. These stem cells are taken from

umbilical cord blood shortly after birth; once the umbilical cord has been cut, a nurse

or doctor can drain the blood from the cord.

K. DISEASES PERVENTED BY STEM CELL BANKING



Cryobanks International India is a leader in the collection, processing and banking of

umbilical cord blood stem cells. Cryobanks International India provides a Private Cord Blood

Storage Program for expecting families that wish to privately store their baby's precious stem

cells and a Public Cord Blood Donation Program for those who prefer to do Research on

Stem cell therapy has shown that these could be used to treat more than 75 life-threatening

diseases:

Some of these include:

Cancers: Many cancers including: Acute and Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, Acute

Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Blood Disorders: Thalessemia, Sickle Cell Disease, and Franconia’s Anemia.

Immune Deficiencies: Kostmann Syndrome, Omen’s Syndrome, Severe Combined

Immunodeficiency (SCID).

Familial Disorders: Breast Cancer Musculoskeletal Connective Tissue Disorders:

Osteoporosis.

Metabolic/Storage Disorders: Hunter's Disease, Leukodystophies.

Complete List of Treatable Diseases With Stem Cell Transplant ACQ:

Acute Biphenotypic Leukemia

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Acute Myelofibrosis

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)

Acute Undifferentiated Leukemia

Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome

Batten disease (inherited neuronal ceroid lipo fussiness)



Beta Thalassemia Major

Cartilage-Hair Hyperplasia

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

Chronic Glaucomatous Disease

Dyskeratosis congenital

Essential Thrombocythemia

Franconia Anemia

Gautier’s Disease

Glanzmann Thrombasthenia

Gunter disease

Hemophagocytosis

Langerthans cell histiocytosis

Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency

Liposarcoma

Maroteaux-Lamy Syndrome (MPS-VI)

Metachromatic Leukodystrophy

Marquis Syndrome (MPS-IV)

Mucolipidosis II (I-cell Disease)



Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)

Pancytopenia

Plasma Cell Leukemia

Polycythemia Vera

Prolymphocytic Leukemia

Pure Red Cell Aplasia

Refractory Anemia (RA)

Refractory Anemia with Excess Blasts (RAEB/RAEB-T)

Refractory Anemia w/ Ringed Sideroblasts (RARS)

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Reticular Digenesis

Retinoblastoma

Sanfilippo Syndrome (MPS-III)

Scheme Syndrome (MPS-IS)

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

Sickle Cell Anemia

Sly Syndrome, Beta-Glucuronidase Deficiency (MPS-VII)

ß-thalassemia (Cooley's anemia)

Thymic dysplasia



Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia

Pictorial Descriptions of Diseases Prevented By Stem Cell Banking


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stem_cell_treatments.svg


5.11. FUTURE POTENTIAL

With the ability of regenerating cells and tissues there has come lot of hope to treat the

untreatable diseases and conditions through stem cells. Stem cells are being used to treat

Leukemia, Thalassemia, Neuro and Muscular degenerative diseases and in all above 130

diseases. There are some successful trials also in the case of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiac

failure, Multiple Sclerosis, Retinitis pigmentosa and Spinal cord injuries. Scientists believe

that soon there will be treatments for Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and so many other

degenerative and chronic diseases. There are more than 500 clinical trials underway.

There is also stem cell banking of the menstrual blood cells on the radar. Experts suggest that

these cells can be used for any tissue damage related ailments such as arthritis, pancreas and

cardiac related ailments. In the recent reports, possibility of myelin (coating on nerves)

regeneration from the fat tissues has been discussed. It could cure many demyelinating or

neurodegenerative diseases. Imagine the double benefits of liposuction

Scientists are predicting that in the near future the collection of cord blood at birth will be

nearly as common as birth itself. More than the existing uses of cord blood stem cells,

research indicates that these stem cells someday may be used to treat numerous other diseases

including

Other Diseases Include:

Alzheimer's Disease

Cartilage Regeneration

Diabetes

Heart Disease• Liver Disease

Multiple Sclerosis

Muscular Dystrophy

Spinal Cord Injury

Stroke



5.12. COLLECTION PROCESS OF STEM CELL

Why Cord Blood Collection?

Cord blood, because of being rich in stem cells, can save the child's life from as many as 75

serious ailments, and is especially useful in case of transplants generally administered while

treating diseases like hemophilia, thalassaemia, blood cancer and immunity related genetic

disorders. Stem cells are transformed into other cell types within the body to make up for

their loss or deficiency. Cord blood preservation provides a type of health insurance to the

child. The preserved stem cells of a child may treat many diseases of the parent also, and

hence become a ‘lifeline’ for the entire immediate family.

Umbilical Cord Blood Collection Can Be Done In Two Ways:

1. -Syringe method: In this method, a syringe is used for extraction of blood from

umbilical cord just after umbilical cord is cut just like we extract blood for blood test.

2. -Bag method: In this method, instead of using syringe to extract blood, umbilical cord

is raised up to let the blood drain in a bag.

The syringe or bags are pre-labeled with a particular code representing your baby. The

complete umbilical cord blood collection process takes around 5 minutes. Cord blood may be

collected within first 15 minutes after the birth and the collected cells should be processed in

the laboratory within 48 hours. Larger stem cell sample means better survival rate during

transplant treatment process.

Is There Any Risk For Child During Collection?

Some people think that umbilical cord blood collection may affect child’s growth or

resistance power. But it is purely a myth. The process doesn’t require any alteration in the

delivery process and possesses no threat or problem to the mother and child. Parents with a

medical history of cancer, hepatitis, malaria, diabetes and HIV/AIDS etc are not eligible.

PROCESS IN DETAIL



We at Cryobanks India are dedicated to provide you the best possible cord blood banking

services. We follow Processes in accordance with international standards and have ensured

that we follow the best practices every step of the way. Our banking services starts even

before you sign up

The Registration Process: Simple procedure where you are required to complete and

sign an enrollment form that includes mother-to-be's health history form and a client

agreement form. Once the paperwork and payments are done, we send you a cord blood

collection kit that is be used to collect the umbilical cord blood after the delivery of baby.

Pre-Collection: You will get a specialized cord blood collection kit which contains

everything your doctor needs, including instructions, to collect the cord blood. Most doctors

do not have a problem performing this simple procedure. However, it is essential that you

discuss your decision to bank your baby's cord blood and check with your doctor prior to

collection whether they will perform the procedure. On The Way To The Hospital: Make a

phone call to let us know that you are about to deliver your baby and we will immediately

dispatch a courier to your hospital who will then pick up the cord blood once it is collected,

packed and ready to be shipped.

Collection Process: Your doctor in charge performs the collection process. The collection

of the cord blood is done immediately after your baby is born when the umbilical cord is

clamped and cut to stop the outflow of the blood present in the cord. As collection can be

performed in-utero or ex-utero, this choice is left to your doctor who is the best judge of the

situation. Depending on whether the birth is a vaginal delivery or a caesarean section, your

doctor can make a decision on collecting before or after the delivery of the placenta. The

collection of the cord blood is a simple and short procedure that does not take more than 10

minutes. After the baby is born, the doctor will clean and sterilize the umbilical cord with the

iodine and alcohol swabs provided in our kit. Once cleaned, the sterile needle, with one end

attached to the blood collection bag, is inserted into the maternal side of the cord. The blood is

allowed to flow by gravity into the bag. This usually takes 3-5 minutes and when there is no

more blood left, the needle is taken out and reinserted into the umbilical cord, closer to the

placenta. This allows some remaining blood to be collected, thus increasing the total volume



of blood collected. After collection of the blood, the needle and connecting tube is cut and

removed, and the tubing emerging from the bag is stripped, clamped and knotted twice.

Shipping of Cord Blood: When you register with us, we help in arranging for a suitable

courier who will transport the cord blood to us, safely. The best suitable logistics plan is

offered to our customers and we bear the courier charges. Once you leave for the hospital, call

us so that we are able contact the courier on your behalf. The courier collects and safely

transports the cord blood to our lab .

Processing Of Cord Blood: As soon as we receive the cord blood, we inform parents of

the safe arrival of the sample. The maternal and cord blood sample is tested for bacterial and

viral infections when it arrives at the Cryobanks India lab. This testing is necessary to check

the status of the sample and to see if any infection is present in the blood. This is a mandatory

requirement as per the cord blood banking regulations.

Reporting Test Results: All the results of tests performed on maternal and cord blood

are documented and a report is prepared and sent to all our customers. If samples test positive

for any transfusion transmissible infections (TTI), the parents are duly informed. The cord

blood may either have to be quarantined or discarded. In such cases we discuss the issue with

parents before any further steps are taken.

Storage of cord blood Stem Cells: If the cord blood is found fit for storage after

processing, we store the cord blood in Cryo-bags by controlled rate freezers, cooled by Liquid

Nitrogen (which takes the temperature of the cord blood from 40 Celsius to -196 Baby's cord

blood sample is stored in a set that constitutes a 20ml main Cryo-storage bag + 5ml satellite

Cryo-storage bag. This provides the family a significant benefit in the future, since the cells

may be used for more than one treatment.

5.13. RISK INVOLVED IN STEM CELL BANKING

Most of the cells in the human body are highly specialized (‘‘differentiated’’). The brain and

the spinal cord, for example, contain two main cell types—neurons, which transmit electrical



signals to and from the brain, and glial cells, which support and protect the neurons. If these

essential neural cells become damaged or diseased, the body cannot replace them. Scientists

think, however, that it might be possible to use ‘‘neural stem cell’’ transplants to replace the

neural cells that are lost in neurodegenerative diseases (for example, Parkinson’s disease) or

damaged by strokes or trauma. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that replicate indefinitely

and that have the potential to develop into many different specialized cells. Pluripotent stem

cells (which are able to develop into any kind of specialized cell) can be isolated from early

human embryos; ‘‘multipotent’’ stem cells (which develop into only a few cell types) can be

isolated from many differentiated tissues, including the brain. Human fetuses (unborn

offspring from the end of the 8th week after conception) are thought to be a particularly good

source of neural stem cells because many new neural cells are made in fetal brains.

Although stem cell transplantation might provide treatments for many debilitating diseases,

some concerns have been raised over its safety (added: especially when unmatched

embryonic or fetal stem cells are being used after donation). In particular, some experts fear

that tumors might sometimes develop from (added: donated) transplanted stem cells. Tumor

cells actually behave very much like stem cells—they divide indefinitely and they tend to be

undifferentiated. It is very important, therefore, that every patient who receives a (added:

donated, that is a non-self) human stem cell transplant is carefully followed up to see whether

any tumors develop as a result. In this study, the researchers describe a case in which

multiple, slow-growing, donor-derived brain tumors formed in a patient after the

transplantation of (added: donated) human fetal neural stem cells.



CHAPTER 6

STEM CELL AWARENESS IN INDIA

Although clinical experiments and research studies are still going on to use cord blood stem

cells in treating many more life threatening diseases, there is no doubt about the importance

and utility of cord blood. In India too, medical professionals are advising expecting parents to

opt for stem cell banking with cord blood storage companies for safeguarding their child and

the entire family against major illnesses & meet any future transplant needs. Seeing its

established utility, many celebrities like Ravenna Tandon, Priya Dutt(MP), film actor

Madhavan’s wife are coming forward to make umbilical cord banks in India popular among

would be parents. More and more expecting parents are approaching umbilical cord blood

banks in India for registration. In India, cord blood banking has become one of the hottest

discussed topic in medical and parent fraternity. As leader in stem cell banking undertake

many promotional activities. It notice that level in India has increased from 2006 to 2009 all

over India , the bank has about 95 franchisee all over India.

Promotional Activities Undertaken By CryoBank International

Through conducting survey campaign all over India every year.

Holding and print media.

Taking initiative to talk to talk to doctor and explain the importance of stem cell

banking.



CHAPTER 7

METHODOLOGY

7.1 COLLECTION OF PRIMARY DATA

The Primary Data Is Collected Through the Fallowing Methods

Observation Of Consumer –This method is useful in collecting information

about current consumer behaviour and sometime about past behaviour. It may be

useful great effect in point of sale situation. The interaction between the consumer and

the retailer may be observed by the researcher to understand the degree and the kind

of influence excise by the retail on brand choice. In this case the consumer were the

expected mothers and we were the retailer and choose brand Cryobanks international

and the sector selected was stem cell banking.

Survey – This is the most popular method used in collecting primary data. It

versatility makes it suitable for collecting data of various degrees of complexity.

Surveys are almost a necessity for collecting a wide verity of data including those on

behaviour, attitudes, knowledge, awareness and behaviour interest. Considerable skill

in planning and distraction is required if survey are to be provided detailed, accurate

and relevant information.



7.2. SURVEY ENVIRONMENT

Surveys should be conducted in an interviewer controlled environment such as interviewer

office, shopping area, entertainment area such as cinema, even higher accommodation as in

case focused group dissociation of simulated test market. Alternatively, they may be

conducted in respondent controlled enviourment such as the respondents’ residence, office or

college. The choice the environment depends on the conveniences of the locations, ease of

availability of respondent, the comfort level and the detailed and complexity of the data

required. In this case the environment was the Hospitals and Private clinics.

SURVEY METHOD ENVIRONMENT



7.3. TYPE OF INTERVIEW

Direct Interview- A direct Interview one in which respondent is fully aware of the

objective of the survey. In survey to determine the usage of particular item to be sold

or surveyed. In this case the interview conducted was direct interview as we interacted

with the expected mothers face to face and tried to know there knowledge and interest

in the stem cell banking and create a need for stem cell banking .We convinces them

to do Bio-insurance from cryobanks international.

Structured Interview- A structured interview is based on a formal questionnaire

consisting predominantly of close ended questions, all question being arranged in a

predermined order. In this case the questionnaire was structured questionnaire

prepared for the expected mothers, all the question were arranged in a predermined

order. So from this survey it can be concluded the interview was not only direct but

also structured interview. Thus it can be concluded that the survey conducted was

Structured Direct interview as had the properties of both Direct Interview and

Structured interview.

7.4. Type of Question in Questionnaire -

Multiple choice Question- The interview includes multiple choice Questions if the

interviewee is given multiple option to answer the question. The interviewee was

given answer certain Multiple choice Questions having four options.

Closed Ended Question- The interview includes closed ended question if the

interview is given only two options to answer the particular question. The case also

the interview was given only two options such as yes or no to answer few questions.

Open Ended Question – The interview includes Open Ended Questions if the

interviewee is free to answer the question as per his convinces . The interviewer

can answer can be brief or descriptive.



7.5. Importance of the Mode of Data Collection-

The method of data collection used is face to face direct interview, the importance this

method was accordingly-

As fresh researchers this was the apat method for survey as the researcher can adapt

the questions necessary, clarify doubt and ensure the responses are properly

understood .

The researcher can also pick up nonverbal was from the respondent.

By reading the facial expression of the respondent we as interviewer can easily

understand what the respondent want to clarify.

This method would help us to know level awareness of stem cell banking among

respondent at this place it was expected mothers and provide them further guidance.

7.6. Challenges Faced-

We as researcher also faced few challenges such as-

The patients were not willing to respond sometime.

To explain the whole concept of stem cell banking to certain respondent was a

challenging job, as the concept was completely new.

7.7. STEPS INVOLVED IN DATA ANALYSIS

1. Collecting of a sample of 200 data from expected mothers.

2. Obtaining score on them from the respondent.

3. Calculating total data and analyzing them through quantitative techniques.

4. Comparing the current data with previous year data to know the growth potential in

field of stem cell banking of an international company named Cryobank International.



CHAPTER 8

DATA ANALYSIS

8.1. FINDING AS PER QUESTIONNAIRE

FINDING 1:

Q.2. .What makes you come to this clinic?

Proximity to home

Affordability

Experience and Good nature of the Doctor

Family Doctor

Objective – To know why a patient prefers a particular Nursing Home

Result- Total Sample 200

Reason for a patient to come to a clinic No. of Responses Percentage

Proximity to home 12 6%

Affordability 30 15%

Experience and Good nature of the Doctor 130 65%

Family Doctor 28 14%

Total 200 100%



By this pie chart one can notice out of 200 patients about 65% percentage patient prefer a

particular clinic because of good nature of the doctor. Percentage of patient concern about the

affordability and doctor is family doctor is 15% and 14% respectively. Only about 6%

patients are concern about proximity to home.

FINDING 2:

Q.3. Family monthly income (please tick marks the appropriate options)

( ) Less than Rs. 20000

( ) Rs. 20000 – 50000

( ) Rs. 50000- 80000

( ) Rs 80000 & above



Objective- To know the patient’s family income and percentage patient aware of stem cell

banking according to income.

Result- Total Sample 200

Range of family Income No. of Responses Percentage

( ) Less than Rs. 20000 14 7%

( ) Rs. 20000 – 50000 36 18%

999( ) Rs. 50000- 80000 80 40%

( ) Rs 80000 & above 70 35%

Total 200 100%

% Patient aware about stem cell banking income wise

less than 20000, 7%

Rs 200000- 500000, 18%

Rs 50000-800000, 40%

Rs 80000 above, 35% less than 20000

Rs 200000- 500000

Rs 50000-800000

Rs 80000 above

As per above pie chart income range of the patient between than 50000 and 80000 are

more aware about stem cell banking that is about 40% of the people and about 35% people

having income about 80000 knows about stem cell banking this shows that more business

class people know about stem cell banking and Executive class people are also aware about

stem cell banking because the people in Jamshedpur having monthly income more than

50000 is mainly of this two class others have less knowledge about stem cell banking that is

about 23% people having less than 50000.



Mean- Rs 65900

Mean family income of people interested in stem cell banking is 65900 this shows that in

order to enrol with cryo banks one must have more than 65000 thousand monthly income that

means cryo must mainly target business class and executive class people because mainly this

range income is earned by business and executive class people.

Median-Rs 73077

Median range of the income of the population of Jamshedpur under surveyed is 73077 this

shows that the median is more than 70000.

Mode- Rs74444

Mode range of the income of the population of Jamshedpur under survey is 74444 this shows

that the mode is more than 70000. Cryo must mainly target business class and executive class

people because mainly this range income is earned by business and executive class people as

the model class is between 50000 to 80000.

Standard Deviation – 24372

Standard Deviation of the income of the population of Jamshedpur under survey is 24372 it

shows the deviation from mean.



FINDING 3:

Q4. Are you happy with the following facilities available at the clinic/Hospital?

Staff Behaviour Yes/ No

Wash Room/Waiting area Yes/No

OPD timing Yes/No

Ultrasound, blood test, physiotherapist Yes/No

Objective- To know are the patient satisfied with the staff behaviour, timing, washroom

Result – Total sample 200

4a).Staff Behaviour

Response No. of Response percentage

Yes 196 98%

No 4 2%

Staff Behaviour

YES98%

NO2%

YES

NO



As per above pie chart 98% people are satisfied with the staff behaviour of their preferred

clinic and only 2% of the people are not satisfied , this show that in Jamshedpur the staff at

each clinic is helpful and caring.

4b) Wash Room / Waiting Area

Response No. of Response percentage

Yes 196 98%

No 4 2%

Wash Room/Waiting Area

YES98%

NO2%

YES

NO

As per above pie chart 98% people are satisfied with the washroom facility of their preferred

clinic and only 2% of the people are not satisfied, this shows that clinic at Jamshedpur are

concern about cleanliness and tidiness .



4c) O.P.D Timing

Response No. of Responses percentage

Yes 192 96%

No 8 4%

OPD Timings

YES96%

NO4%

YES

NO

As per the pie chart 96% people are satisfied with the OPD timing facility of their preferred

clinic and only 4% of the people are not satisfied, this shows that in Jamshedpur clinic open

timely and patients and their family are happy with the timing



4d) Ultrasound, Blood Test , Physiotherapist

Response No. Of Responses Percentage

Yes 196 98%

No 4 2%

Ultrasound,Blood Test,Physiotherapist

YES98%

NO2%

YES

NO

As per above pie chart 98% people are satisfied with the Ultrasound and other test facility of

their preferred clinic and only 2% of the people are not satisfied, this show that patients in

Jamshedpur are happy with the facility when at the clinic

Out of 200 most of the patient are satisfied with the staff behaviour, timing and test done at a

particular nursing home which show that all the nursing home are hygienic and service given

to patients are worth parsing.



FINDING 4:

Q 5.Do you attend any Anti-Natal / stress Management Class? Yes /No

Objective- To know percentage patient go for stress Management class.

Result.

Responses No. Of Responses Percentage

Yes 196 98%

No 4 2%

As per above pie chart out of most of the patient don’t go for stress management class. Which

patients are happy with the service provided to them. There only 2% of the patients going for

stress management class.



FINDING 5:

Q. 6. Are you aware about stem cell banking Yes /No

Objective- To know percentage of patient aware about stem cell banking.

Result-


Yes 186 93%

No 14 7%

Un aw are about stem cell banking, 100%

Aw are about stem cell banking, 7%

Un aw are about stem cell banking

Aw are about stem cell banking

As per above pie chart most of patients are not aware of stem cell banking in Jamshedpur so

the awareness is very essentials. Even the patient how know about stem cell is quite low. Out

of 200 patients interviewed only 7% of them are aware about stem cell banking.



FINDING 6:

Q.7. Would you like to know more about stem cell banking Yes /No

Objective – To know the percentage people aware about stem cell banking

Result -


Yes 190 95%

No 10 5%

% Pepole interested know about stem cell banking

95%

5%

Interested know about cellbanking

Not interested know aboutstem cell banking

As per pie chat about 95% people are interested to know about stem cell banking , which

show that if given opportunity the one can explained to the population of Jamshedpur about

the advantages of stem cell banking and instigate them to enrol with cryo bank. This show

heath sector can boom in Jamshedpur.

FINDING7.



The data describes number of patient interested to enrol with Cryobank before and after awareness

of stem cell conducted sector wise.

Sector Before After

Jamshedpur 26 31

Ranchi 28 29

Dhanbad 10 11

Bokaro 6 12

Patna 23 30

Rourkela 12 15

Objective – To know by t- test that whether by awareness the people interested to

interested to enrol in stem cell banking has increased or not.

Assumption-

µ1 = Number of patients interested to enrol with cryobank before awareness

µ2 = Number of patients interested to enrol with cryobank after awareness

Result



H0: µ1 ≥ µ2

H1: µ1 < µ2

One – Tailed Test

At 5% Significance level

Degree of freedom: 6-1 = 5

T value =-3.66

Table Value of T = -2.015

Note- The data about Jamshedpur is surveyed by me as a research and other data of the of the

given place has been taken from the records of the company(Cryo Bank).



Inference-

We can see that observed t value is -3.66 which lies in rejection region and thus we will reject

H0 and accept H1. This means that after awareness more patients were interested to enrol

with stem cell banking , the camping for awareness of stem cell banking has been a

successful event and it has increased the awareness level.


-3.66

-2.015


Finding 8.

Cryo bank international a leading stem cell bank research among 200 patients in Jamshedpur

and found that 31 patients would like to enrolled, the another survey done one year ago

showed that 5% of patient had shown interest for their enrolment. At 5% level of significance

should the company conclude that there is increase interest in the enrolment?

Objective – To know the increase in level of awareness of stem cell banking.

Assumption-

P^ = 31/200 = 0.155

H0 : p ≤ 0.05

H1 : p > 0.05

At 5% Significance level

Observed Z value = 7

Tabular value of Z at 5% Significance level = 1.645



As we can see that observed value of Z lies in the rejection region so we will reject H0 and

accept H1. This also means that awareness about stem cell banking has been increased

significantly. The company can conclude that there is an increase in interest of the enrolment.


1.645

7.00


Final Finding-

The Present scenario of stem cell Awareness in India

The Result is judge on the base of sample surveyed i.e. 200 and respond of the questionnaire

is Expected mothers.

We can come to the conclusion that at present 7% of population have knowledge about stem

cell banking in Jamshedpur. This shows that Cryo bank international Potential enrolment

customer can be 7% of the population of Jamshedpur.


Population aware of stem cell banking inJamshedpur-14

Total population of expected mothers in Jamshedpur -350 approx

Sample Population - 200


8.2.Graphical Findings

1. Percentage of awareness of stem cell banking Country wise

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

USA

RUSSIA

CHIN

A

INDIA

AUSTRAILA

SOUTH AM

ERICA

Pakis

tan

%Awareness of Stem CellBanking

As per above bar graph x-axis denote country name and y-axis denote awareness well in

percentage. The awareness level is highest in Australia and South America and USA that is

about 62% and 58%, India also has a good score which show it can show future growth

prospective which about 18% .

2. Percentage of stem cell banking enrolment

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

USA RUSSIA CHINA INDIA AUSTRAILA SOUTHAMERICA

Pakistan

% Enrollment

The enrolment is highest from Australia , second highest is USA but India has a potential to

have arise in the rate of enrolment. axis presents countries and y-axis %enrolment of stem

cell banking. In has india lies in 4th positions India is growing stem cell banking..



3. Growth in Rate of Enrolment in Stem Cell Banking In India

Growth In Rate of Enrollment in Stem Cell Banking in INDIA

050

100150200250300350

JHARKHAND

BIHAR

WEST B

ENGAL

ORISSA

PANJAB

GUJRAT

MAHARASTRA

DELHI

M.P

KARNATAKA

states

Rat

e o

f en

roll

men

t

2006

2007

2008

2009

The X –Axis contain states where as Y- Axis of % of enrolment it can be notice that

enrolment is rising all over India from 2006 to 2009. The state scoring highest in enrolment

is Karnataka, the second highest is Delhi and Maharashtra others having equal potential to

show a future growth prospective to show a rise in stem cell banking.

Growth in Rate of enrolment in stem cell banking in Jharkhand

Growth in Rate of enrollment in stem cell banking in Jharkhand yearwise

0

20

40

60

80

100

2006 2007 2008 2009

years

Rat

e o

f en

roll

men

t

There has been constant rise in enrolment from 2006 t0 2009 from Jharkhand. The percentage

rise in growth of enrolment in Jharkhand region has increased from 15 %to 90%.



8.3. Result-

The data analysis part can be summarized as total sample seize taken was 200 patients Steps

undertaken was collecting of a sample of 200 data from expected mothers, obtaining score

on them from the respondent and calculating total data and analyzing them through

quantitative techniques and then interpret the results, it was infer that-

Out of 200 patients about 65% of patients prefer a doctor because of her good nature

and experience, a certain percentage prefer a particular doctor as per their

affordability about 14% or else the doctor is their family doctor about 15%. Few

prefer a doctor for proximity to home.

Large strength of the patients is satisfied with the staff behavior, waiting room and

timing of the nursing home as well as test done there.

The awareness level of stem cell banking among patients is quiet low only 5% but a

huge extent of them are interested to know about stem cell banking, this shows their

interest level to know more about stem cell bankig about 98%.

According to the income of the patients it has been noticed that mean number of

customer wants to know about stem cell banking is 75.5 and standard deviation is 20.

The analysis also consist a paired t test which tells us actual effect of any event which

has occurred. Here we are having µ1 as number of patient interested to enroll with

Cryobanks before awareness and µ2 as increase in number of patient after awareness.

Null hypothesis H0 define that awareness has not significantly increased and H1

define that average significant level has increased after awareness. This test interprets

that after awareness the number of patient interested to enroll has increased.

The enrollment rate has increased all over the India since 2006 to 2009. India is one

the growing sector in stem cell banking show by bar graph.

We can come to the conclusion that at present 7% of population have knowledge

about stem cell banking in Jamshedpur. This shows that Cryo bank international

Potential enrolment customer can be 7% of the population of Jamshedpur



The finding is explained by pie-chart and bar graph as well as hypothesis when and where

required. The find means this was a successful camping and should be conducted regularly.

8.4. Limitation of the findings

Besides every possible effort made, this project may contain certain flaws. Though tried

hard to make this report keeping all the possible points in mind but still it may have

certain shortcomings. These shortcomings may be due to the following reasons:

A large sample could not be covered due to lack of time and resources. This means

that in spite of the best efforts; the sample may or may not be a true representative.

The assumptions are drawn on the basis of the information given by the respondents

The study needs to be completed within a specified time of two months and in certain

restricted areas. So the findings cannot be generalized for the company as a whole.

The respondents have answered some of the questions without knowing the

importance of an unbiased research project and hence the accuracy and validity of the

responses may be questionable.

Some peoples showed unwillingness to provide the accurate information.



RECOMM ENDATION

Cryo Bank international being a leader in stem cell banking is taking every possible step to

establish this new concept named stem cell banking. The stem cell banking is nowadays

known as bio insurance which is a priceless gift for our family and mostly to a new born

child.

Although the bank has spread its legs in every possible away still as I had under taking this

project I would like to give some recommendation-

Cryo Bank should do such awareness program regularly to know the growth in stem

cell banking as from last year it has increased to about 7% from 5%, which show that

interest level of consumer to know for stem cell banking is increasing.

Cryo Bank is doing its advertisement though print media as it is giving Pamplates to

the patients, by printing hording but it has not yet done any commercial television

advertisement so it must go for television advertisement.

Cryo bank charges a sum of 750000 to get once bio insurance done. I would

recommended that the sum of money is quite high so they can lessen the amount if not

possible they any allow the person interested to get their property or jewellery

mortgage in order to do the payment inteased of going for instalment. This may be a

note worthy method of doing payment as lot people have a good amount property and

jewellery which can be used for these purposes.

There must be some awareness workshop organized for doctors and patient to know

the importance of stem cell banking and advantages of Cryo bank.

This are some Recommendation which would lead Cryo bank to not only be the leader in

stem cell banking but also lead to increase in its market and growth in the level of person

enrolling with cryo banks international.



CONCLUSION

Not only stem cells match 100% for your baby, but even the siblings have a 25% chance of

being a suitable match if they require these stem cells. Some clinical studies have also proven

that success of stem cell transplants are doubled when the stem cells come from a family

member rather than from a non- relative. When your baby’s cord blood stem cell with a

private bank, you can enjoy the peace of mind of knowing that your baby’s stem cells are

available – for your future needs.

According to analysis one can conclude that as per a paired t test which tells us actual effect

of any event which has occurred. Here we are having µ1 as number of patient interested to

enroll with Cryobanks before awareness and µ2 as increase in number of patient after

awareness. Null hypothesis H0 define that awareness has not significantly increased and H1

define that average significant level has increased after awareness. This test interprets that

after awareness the number of patient interested to enroll has increased.

We have come to the conclusion that at present 7% of population have knowledge about stem

cell banking in Jamshedpur. This shows that Cryo bank international Potential enrolment

customer can be 7% of the population of Jamshedpur.

Therefore the recommendation given to Cryo Bank international being a leader in stem cell

banking is taking every possible step to establish this new concept named stem cell banking.

The stem cell banking is nowadays known as bio insurance which is a priceless gift for our

family and mostly to a new born child.



BIBLOGRAPHY

Websites

www. Cryobank international.com

www. Cryobank india.com

www. Market Research wekipedia.com

Books

Market Research by KC Kothari

Stem Cell Banking by Dr. Bhatt

Marketing by Philip Khoter



APPENDICES

QUESTIONNAIRE

The Question were interviewed to a expected mother as they were our potential customers

The Expected Mothers were first requested to fill in their personal details-

Q1.Name: ………………………………................ Occupation: ...............…………………..

Expected date of delivery....................................................................................................

Email Address: …………………………………………………………….........................

Mobile/landline No: .............. ...……………………………………………………….......

Spouse name: ………………………........... Occupation: .......................…………….

Q2.What makes you come to this clinic?

1. Proximity to home

2. Affordability

3. Experience and Good nature of the Doctor

4. Family Doctor

Q3.Family monthly income (please tick marks the appropriate options)

( ) Less than Rs. 20000

( ) Rs. 20000 – 50000

( ) Rs. 50000- 80000

( ) Rs 80000 & above



Q4. Are you happy with the following facilities available at the clinic/Hospital?

Staff Behaviour Yes/ No

Wash Room/Waiting area Yes/No

OPD timing Yes/No

Ultrasound, blood test, physiotherapist Yes/No

Q5.Do you attend any Anti-Natal / stress Management Class? Yes /No

Q6.Are you aware about stem cell banking Yes /No

Q7. Would you like to know more about stem cell banking Yes /No

Q8.Any Suggestions to make the service at your doctor’s clinic better

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

The Sample Seize taken is - 200

Methodology used -Market Survey and

Mode of Collection of Data – Direct Structured Interview

Interviewer - Expected Mother or their family member.

Interview Enviourment - Nursing Home

Findings are given by - Graphs, Pie chat and Hypothesis




Documents

final Project souvik