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2011
Report by: Architect Marium Karrar
Architect Affan Iqbal
GILGIT CITY
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Report on Gilgit City
(OCT 2011)
Research Supervisor Prof. Dr. Noman Ahmed
And Architect Asiya Polack
Research Partner
An assignment undertaken by the U.N-Habitat &
Department of Architecture and Planning, NED University of Engineering and Technology (DAP-NED-
UET), Karachi
Research Team Members
Architect Mariam Karrar, Architect Affan Iqbal, Architect Aisha Rasheed
DAP-NED-UET
Report Writing & Compilation
Architect Mariam Karrar, Architect Affan Iqbal, Architect Sarosh Mubarak
DAP-NED-UET
Address: Urban Research & Design Cell (URDC), Department of Arch itecture and Planning,
City Campus NED University of Engineering and Technology, Maulana Din Mohammed Wafai Road, Behind DJ.
Science College, Karachi
Contact numbers: 92-21-2620793, 92-21-9213058 (fax)
E mail: [email protected]
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive summary……………………………………………………………………..….12-13
1. Describing the context………………………………………….………..…14-47
1.1 Governance …………………………………………………………….…...14-19
1.2 Environment …………………………………………………………………20-36
1.2.1 Climate
1.2.2 Air Quality 1.2.3 Mountains
1.2.4 Water shed areas 1.2.5 Scenic sites 1.2.6 Natural resources
1.2.6.1. Water resources 1.2.6.2. Minerals
1.2.6.3. Precious and semi precious stones 1.2.6.4. Vegetation/Forest cover 1.2.7 Natural disasters
1.2.8.1. Seismology 1.2.8.2. Floods
1.2.8.3. Land sliding 1.2.8.4. River and stream bank erosion
1.2.8.5. Avalanches
1.3 Economy ……………………………………………………………………37-41 1.3.1. Water- hydro power 1.3.2. Agriculture
1.3.3. Tourism 1.3.4. Labor force
1.3.5. Land utilization 1.3.6. Production output
1.4 Culture and heritage ……………………………………………………….41-47 1.4.1 Links to ancient civilizations
1.4.2 Tourism 1.4.3 Heritage 1.4.4 Skills
2. Describing the city …………………………………………………………48-70
2.1 Geographical context …………………………………………………....….48-52
2.2 Landuse zones………………………………………………………….……53-59
2.2.1 Residential 2.2.2 Commercial
2.2.3 Amenities
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2.2.4 Agriculture
2.3 Transport………………………………………………………………….…60-64
2.4 Evolution of city ………………………………………………………….…65-67
2.5 Categorization of housing …………………………………………….…….67-68
2.6 Social mapping ……………………………………………………….……..69-70
2.6.1 Religion 2.6.2 Languages spoken
3. Introduction to the case studies…………………………………………..71-75
Objectives
Research Methodology
Cases selection
About the Cases within region
Major findings
4. Intervention areas………………………………………………………….76-100
a) Mechanism/ Responsibility……………………………………………………..………..76
b) Implementing Agency………………………………………………………………..76-78
1. Land and housing……………………………………………………………….…….79-82
i. Present situation ii. Present Support
iii. Intervention
2. Water supply and sanitation……………………………………………………...…..83-90
2.1. Water supply i. Present situation 2.2. Sewerage system
i. Present situation ii. Present Support for Water and Sanitation
iii. Intervention
2.3.Municipal solid waste i. Present situation ii. Intervention
2.4. Drainage system i. Present situation
ii. Intervention
3. Energy………………………………………………………………………..……….91-94
i. Present situation ii. Present Support
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iii. Intervention
4. Traffic and transport……………………………………………………………….94-96 i. Present situation
ii. Intervention
5. Urban horticulture…………………………………………………………………97-100
i. Present situation ii. Present Support
iii. Intervention
5. Impact Analysis…………………………………………………………..101-110
1. Land and housing
2. Water supply and sanitation 3. Municipal solid waste (SWM) 4. Drainage system
5. Energy 6. Traffic and transport
7. Urban horticulture
Socio-economic analysis………………………………………..……………105-110
Appendices …………………………………………………………………………...…..111-243
Appendix 01: Cases of housing……………………………………………………………111-157
Case study no 01: Inner city- City center………………………………………….111-127
Case study no 02: City- Mujahid Colony………………………………………….128-143
Case study no 03: Periphery – Daniyor………………………………………...….144-157
Appendix 02: Matrices…………………………………………………………………….158-166
Matrix 1: Environmental Conditions
Matrix 2: Housing Conditions
Appendix 03: Indicators Matrices…………………………………………………………167-169
Appendix 04: Bibliography………………………………………………………………..170-171
Appendix 05: Presentation thumbnails 28th July 2011…………………………………….172-176 Appendix 06: Design intervention proposal…………………………………………….…177-184
Appendix 07: Socio-economic data………………………………………………………..185-209
Appendix 08: Socio-economic data graphs………………………………………………..210-243
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LIST OF FIGURES:
S.NO TITLE PG.NO
1 Map showing the mountains of Asia 12
2 Map showing situation of Gilgit City within the context of Pakistan 14
3 Gilgit-Baltistan Assembly 15
4 Map showing districts of Gilgit-Baltistan 16
5 Views showing environment of the Gilgit city 20
6 Mountains of the northern areas 21
7 Gilgit Bridge 22
8 Daniyor suspension bridge 23
9 Gilgit River 25
10 Views of vegetation in the city 27
11 Map showing potential hazard area of Gilgit District 30
12 Landslide in 2010 caused damage to a home in Naikoie 32
13 Condition after land sliding 32
14 Map showing potential landslide areas of Gilgit District 33
15 Map showing hazard types, risks and class in the union council of Nomal-
Nalter
34
16 Level of risk from natural disasters to critical facilities in the Gilgit district 35
17 Level of risk from natural disasters to livelihood sources in the Gilgit district 35
18 Pie-chart showing economic division of sectors in the city 39
19 Road map to Gilgit showing important destinations 42
20 Karakoram, Hindukush and Himalayan Mountains 43
21 View of Nanga Parbat Mountain 44
22 Views of Baltit Fort, Hunza 46
23 Passing through a road in Gilgit city 48
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24 Map showing Mountain ranges of Gilgit Baltistan 48
25 Map showing primary roads of Gilgit city 50
26 Views of Gilgit River 50
27 Views of Gilgit River 51
28 Map showing connection between different areas of city 53
29 Views of Residential areas of the city 53
30 Views of main commercial area of the city 54
31 Aga Khan School for boys, Gilgit 56
32 View of Polo Ground 57
33 Views of different recreational spaces 57
34 View of Agricultural lands 58
35 View of a major road 60
36 Different modes of transport 60
37 Views of various bridges in the city 62
38 BACIP low cost construction method for a house 80
39 View of a garbage dump inside a housing colony 86
40 Condition of drainage line along the road 87
41 View of a Hydropower plant 91
42 Map showing projects in operation in Northern Areas 93
43 View of a road 94
44 Map showing bigger loop- Public transport 96
45 Map Showing Smaller Loop – Public Transport 96
46 View of agricultural land 97
47 Map showing major roads of Gilgit city and the case study area # 01 112
48 Picture showing entrance of NLI (Northern Light Infantry Regiment) Market 114
49 Picture showing Ghari Chowk 114
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50 Picture showing NLI road 115
51 Picture showing G+4 Commercial building 115
52 View of NLI market 115
53 View of condition of Nagaral colony 116
54 Construction of a new RCC bridge to link to the north bank 116
55 Map showing Landuse of the Case study area 118
56 Map showing Amenities of the Case study area 120
57 Map showing road networks of the Case study area 123
58 View of Mujahid colony 129
59 Map showing major roads and location of case study area no 2 129
60 Morphology of the area 130
61 View of a street 130
62 Map showing landuse of the Case study area 131
63 Map showing amenities of the Case study area 135
64 View of garbage dump along the street 136
65 Map showing road networks of the Case study area 137
66 View of open spaces inside the area 140
67 View of a house of the area 142
68 Map showing major roads and location of the case study area no 3 145
69 View of Daniyor Pul and suspension bridge 146
70 View of Gilgit River 146
71 View of internal streets of the area 146
72 Map showing road networks of the Case study area 148
73 Map showing landuse and amenities of the Case study area 150
74 Map showing major roads of the Case study area 152
75 View of a house of the area 156
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LIST OF MAPS:
S.NO TITLE PG.NO
1 Tehsil and city boundary 19
2 Topography 49
3 Landuse Zones 52
4 Landuse 59
5 Transport 64
6 Planned- unplanned 68
7 Sectarian division 70
8 Open- built map 82
9 Water supply system 83
10 Drainage system 89
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LIST OF TABLES:
S.NO TITLE PG.NO
1 Showing districts of Gilgit Baltistan 16
2 Showing population statistics of Gilgit districts 17
3 Showing rural-urban distribution of Gilgit district 17
4 Showing population comparison of Gilgit district in 1981, 1998 and 2001 18
5 Showing projected population of Gilgit city 18
6 Showing sect wise population of Gilgit Baltistan and Gilgit city 18
7 Temperature variations throughout the year 20
8 Estimated air pollutants by sector 21
9 Forest cover area in Northern areas 27
10 Gilgit district forest cover area, type and significance 28
11 Forest Nurseries in Northern Areas, 1997 28
12 Forest Under Government Jurisdiction, 1997 Northern Areas 28
13 Types of disasters and their related statistics 29
14 Types of disasters and their frequency in Gilgit 29
15 Earthquake dates and statistics 31
16 Stream Flow Measurements in the Upper Indus River 37
17 Information about hydropower plants 37
18 Information about hydropower plants 38
19 Status of Agriculture in Northern Area (2001) 39
20 Statistics for hotel industry in Gilgit 39
21 Percentage of Migrants from other Province / Within Northern Areas by Rural /
Urban, 1998
40
22 Land use in Agricultural Sector 41
23 Land Utilization Statistics 41
24 Tourism related statistics of year 2008 and 2009 43
25 Peaks of northern areas and their altitudes 44
26 Glaciers of Northern areas 45
27 Information on archaeological heritage of northern areas 47
28 Showing health facilities in Gilgit city 55
29 Showing cholera cases and deaths reported in Gilgit city 55
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30 Showing educational facilities in Gilgit city 56
31 Showing educational facilities in Gilgit city 56
32 Showing number of farms and cultivated land area 58
33 Showing number of cultivated land area for different vegetables 58
34 Shows Numbers and Types of Vehicles in Northern Areas, 2000 61
35 Showing number of vehicles in Gilgit city from year 1995-2010 62
36 Land price of 1 kanal plot in inner city, main city and periphery 80
37 Gilgit city population and projected water demands 83
38 Gilgit villages‟ sanitation related statistics 85
39 Major government and non-government water supply schemes in Northern Areas and
Chitral by 2001 – a summary
85
40 Gilgit city population and power consumption /person/day 87
41 Gilgit city existing and proposed population and power consumption /person/day 87
42 Gilgit city current demand for electricity and its production statistics 91
43 Gilgit district farmlands area 97
44 Gilgit district farmlands and livestock land utilization 98
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report is part of the Eight Secondary Cities of Pakistan, supported by the UN Habitat project
and the NED University Department of Architecture and Planning. The aim of this study is to develop a comprehensive data on the significance of these cities as urban centres within their respective provinces.
The following report is the case of Gilgit City, the administrative and commercial capital of the
province Gilgit-Baltistan.
The unique feature about this city and its surroundings is the backdrop of one of the most ecological sensitive, scenic, ancient inland trade routes. Gilgit-Baltistan is situated within the
Karakorum Range, consisting of the three largest glaciers outside the Polar Regions, and highest mountain systems of the world that include the Karakorum, Himalayas, Pamir‟s, and the
Hindukush. This high altitude region is also a politically strategic region with borders sharing with Afghanistan, China's, India. (See map below)
Figure 1: Map showing the mountains of Asia
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Geologically the Karakorum is also considered as the highest desert in the world. However, the water ways and the glacial add greenery to the valley before joining up with the Indus River. It is
this mighty Indus that runs down stream all the way to the Arabian Sea that acts as the water source and life line for the entire country. Therefore anything that impacts the delicate ecological
balance of the environment has its bigger impact on the entire country and the region.
Within this contrasting geographical setting situated along the ancient Silk Route is the
Gilgit City. Gilgit City is the biggest commercial hub, trading centre from pre British times, and beyond which there is no big town or city within a distance of about 450 Kilometers in any
direction. This aspect adds to the strategic economic, political and social hub of the Gilgit-Baltistan.
The last 30 years has seen a revolutionary development in the area by the construction of the Karakorum Highway and the development initiatives by the Aga Khan Development
Network. This has been coupled with the patronage of recent provincial status and autonomy in 2009 and Gilgit City became the provincial capital of Gilgit Baltistan. With the growing political, economic status, Gilgit is facing the pull of population and growth pressure.
The following report is an attempt at compiling data on the urbanization process of
Gilgit and tapping in the natural potentials of one of the most resourceful and scenic regions of Pakistan.
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1. DESCRIBING THE CONTEXT
Gilgit-Baltistan 1.1. GOVERNANCE:
Gilgit-Baltistan formerly known as the Northern
Areas is the northern most political entity within Pakistan. It is situated between 34-04 north
latitudes and 72-30 to 77-50 east longitudes. Gilgit Baltistan is now considerd as a separate province. Till 2009, the region was ruled under the
NWFP/FATA government.1 The announcement of the Gilgit-Baltistan empowerment and self-
governance order by the government in 2009 enabled this region into Pakistan‟s political mainstream.
1.1.1. National Asembley / Provincial assembly
Under the current dispensation a newly elected assembly has elected a chief minister and a governor that is appointed by the federal government. The Governor, who is the constitutional
head of provincial government, assisted by an executive Chief Minister and its council of ministers. It is for the first time that the region enjoys its own setup with an empowered
legislature under the Gilgit-Baltistan Legislative Assembly (GBLA).
The local government system is based on a Legislative Council (Provincial Assembly), elected by people in all six districts through voting, headed by a speaker. The Chief Secretary is administrative head of all departments, controlling all the affairs on behalf of chief minister
Government of Pakistan.
The main judicial structure in Gilgit-Baltistan comprises a High Court, composed of three judges selected by the government, supported by the Supreme Appellate Court.
Inspector General of Police, currently, heads the police department, with deputy superintendents
in all seven districts.
1http://202.83.164.27/wps/portal/Cabinet/!ut/p/c0/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os_hQN68AZ3dnIwML82BT
AyNXTz9jE0NfQwNLE_2CbEdFACM6vXU!/?WCM_PORTLET=PC_7_UFJPCGC20OUQE02ET9FMPJ30O0_WCM&WCM
_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/wps/wcm/connect/CabDivCL/division/aboutdivision/pphi
Figure 2: Map showing situation of Gilgit City within
the context of Pakistan
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1.1.2. Jurisdictions
The province of Gilgit-Baltistan is divided into 7 districts. The names of the districts are as follows:
1. Ghanche
2. Skardu
3. Gilgit
4. Diamir
5. Ghizar
6. Astore
7. Hunza- Nagar
Figure 3: Gilgit-Baltistan Assembly
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Table 1: Showing districts of Gilgit Baltistan
Figure 4: Map showing districts of Gilgit-Baltistan
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Meanwhile, the adminstration at the district level is being headed by the local government system is based on a Legislative Council (Provincial Assembly), elected by people in all six
districts through voting, headed by a speaker. From 2009 onwards the district adminstration was elected, and headed by the District Nazim and the Naib Nazim.
Gilgit District is one of the districts of the federal territory of Gilgit-Baltistan in northern
Pakistan. It was formed in 1970 when Gilgit-Baltistan was federally administered as the "Northern Areas".
The Gilgit District includes 3 sub divisions of Gilgit, Hunza and Nagar. It also includes many
small villages like Minapin, Hope and Hispar etc.
Gilgit-City is administrated by the elected Town Nazim and the Naib Nazim. However the administration of the city is under the Town Municipal Authority, headed by the Town Municipal Officer. The various responsibilities of the TMO include solid waste management,
water supply, sanitation, civic law enforcement, maintenance of roads and infrastructure.
1.1.3. Demographics
According to the 1998 census report the overall population of Northern Areas (Gilgit-Baltistan)
is 8, 84,000 with an average growth rate of 2.56% per annum. Out of this total, 85.7% (757200) reside in the rural areas while only 14.3% (126600) reside in
the urban centers. The average annual growth rate of urban and rural population during 1981-1998 is 5.88 and 2.16 percent respectively. The overall literacy rate of Gilgit-Baltistan is 37.85%. The population density for the province of Gilgit-Baltistan is 24.8 persons per sq km.
According to which the total population of Gilgit District is approximately, 0.2 million and 85% of the total population lives in rural areas, with literacy ratio up to 53%. It is one of the most
densely populated districts with 28% of the Gilgit Baltistan population residing in this District with an annual growth rate of Gilgit District being 2.74%.
Average household size is approximately eight people. The population density for Gilgit District is 6.4 persons per sq km.
District No of
Households
Male Female Total Avg. Annual
Growth rate
Area
(Sq.km)
Population
Density (Person per sq.km)
Elevation
(ft)
Gilgit 31,065 128,028 115,296 243,324 2.66 38,000 6.4 4921
(Population Census Organization, 1998) Table 2: Showing population statistics of Gilgit districts
(Population Census Organization, 1998) Table 3: Showing rural-urban distribution of Gilgit district
District Household Population Household Size
Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban
Gilgit 23,639 7426 186,623 56,701 7.9 7.6
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District Population in 1981 Population in 1998 Projected Population in 2011
Gilgit 228,185 243,324 342,289
(Azam, July, 2009) Table 4: Showing population comparison of Gilgit district in 1981, 1998 and 2001 Urban Area 1998 Population after 10 years Population after 20 Years
Gilgit city 56,701 72,350 92,365
(Population Census Organization, 1998) Table 5: Showing projected population of Gilgit city
The following table gives a brief overview of the sectarian division of population residing
in Gilgit District. The city of Gilgit is the epicenter of sectarian clashes resulting in one of
the major shortcoming in the progress of the area.
Sect wise Population percentage
District G.B Gilgit
Shia 39 54 Sunni 27 19
Ismaili 18 27 Noor Bukhsi 16
Table 6: Showing sect wise population of Gilgit Baltistan and Gilgit city
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1.2. ENVIRONMENT:
The environment in its broader sense, covers all natural, physical, chemical and human
resources. The human environment is usually defined by ecologists as the conditions and processes affecting the life and the development of human beings.
1.2.1. Climate Weather conditions for Gilgit are dominated by its geographical location, a valley in a
mountainous area, southwest of Karakoram Range. The prevalent season of Gilgit is winter, occupying the valley eight to nine months a year.
Gilgit lacks significant rainfall, averaging in 120 to 240 millimeters (4.7 to 9.4 in) annually, as
monsoon breaks against the southern range of Himalayas. Irrigation for land cultivation is obtained from the rivers, abundant with melting snow water from higher altitudes.
The summer season is brief and hot. The piercing sunrays may raise the temperature up to 40 °C (104 °F), yet it is always cool in the shade. As a result of this extremity in the weather, landslides
and avalanches are frequent in the area. Site Yrs Max/
Min
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Extreme
Daily
Variatio
n
Gilgit
1490m
30 Min.
Max
-2.4
9.1
0.6
12.1
5.8
17.8
10.0
23.6
12.0
28.0
15.2
34.0
19.0
35.0
18.4
35.6
13.3
31.7
7.2
26.2
1.2
17.9
-1.4
11.0
-9.5
45.4
Table 7: Temperature variations throughout the year
Figure 5: Views showing environment of the Gilgit city
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1.2.2. Air quality:
An air quality survey carried out by IUCNP and SUPARCO revealed that current air quality of
urban settlements in Gilgit is good as compared to the big town and urban settlements of Pakistan. However, Gilgit is faced with massive air pollution partly due to road building and other construction. (Quantity/Reference) There are deposits of CO, CO2 and SO2 in the
atmosphere due to wood burning and traffic pollution.
Table 8: Estimated air pollutants by sector
Homes in the Hindu Kush and Karakoram mountains are cold and smoky in the harsh winters, when large amounts of wood are used for heating and cooking. Deforestation is serious: locally it leads to increased damage from flooding, and nationally it reduces water supply because the
region is the watershed for much of the country.2
1.2.3. Mountains
The bulk of the area in the region is occupied by a series of three mountain ranges, Himalayas, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush. Most elevations in the region are minimum 1,500m above sea level
with more than half the area above the 4,500m level (World Bank, 1987). The region contains many of the highest peaks in the world including K-2, Nanga Parbat, and Rakaposhi. Towering
above Gilgit is Mount Rakaposhi at 7,788 meters (25,551 ft.). The highest peak in the district of Gilgit is Distaghil Sar (7,885m) which is the seventh highest peak in Pakistan and 19th
2 Ashden Awards case study | AKPBS, Pakistan | Summary
3 http://www.horizon-guesthouse.com/HGHGilgit.html | Gilgit info Figure 6: Mountains of the northern areas
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highest on earth.
1.2.4. Water Shed areas
The forests in Northern Areas are important watersheds of valleys below where agriculture is
practiced and settlements exist, and Indus River and some of its tributaries. This water is the main stay for agriculture and hydropower for the flood plains in Pakistan. Many species of wild animals and plants depend on these forests. Thus these forests are important for the rich
biodiversity in Northern Areas. Some of the species and habitats have national and global significance. Their role as carbon sink like any other long- living trees needs no emphasis.
Almost entire Northern Areas fall in the watershed of Tarbela Dam with the exception o f Minimerg Tehsil, which drains, into Neelam River. The mountains in the areas are very fragile.
The soil is susceptible to rapid erosion if the vegetative cover is denuded. The forests have vital importance for their watershed value at local and national levels. Their environmental role
including watershed is far greater than their wood production role. Besides enhancing the life span of Tarbela Dam, they prevent local floods, maintain local water supplies and conserve soils.
1.2.5. Scenic sites
Gilgit city is one of the two major hubs for all mountaineering expeditions in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. There are several tourist attractions and scenic sites relatively close to Gilgit. They are as follows:
i. Gilgit Bridge:
The bridge over the fast flowing Gilgit River, at the end of its
traditional bazaar, is the largest suspension bridge in Asia (182
metres long and 2 metres wide) permitting enough room for one
jeep at a time to cross.
Figure 9: Gilgit Bridge
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ii. Kargah Buddha:
Karagah Nala is one of the ancient Nala that runs clear all the year. It is the larger valley just 10 km west of Gilgit. At the mouth of valley, carved into a cliff face is the Karagah Buddha. This
is a famous attraction of the Gilgit area. No one is sure how it was carved into the cliff side, but the deep holes in the rock around the carving may have been used to support scaffolding. The
Buddha was probably carved about 7th century A.D. when Buddhism was the chief religion of the area.3
iii. British Cemetery
The British Cemetery is a very interesting glimpse into the history of Gilgit and the Northern
Areas. The British pioneers and soldiers, who are buried there, played a huge part in the development of Gilgit‟s history and culture. With its big shade trees and greenery, the cemetery
is very nice place to visit in the summer. iv. Jutial Nala
Jutial Nala is the narrow valley behind the Serena Hotel. Jutial Nala provides much of Gilgit drinking and irrigation water. At the mouth of the valley one can find a trail that follows the
stream for about an hour, then crosses and continues up a hill to a small forest. This is a great place for a picnic lunch. Beyond the forest up the hill another half hour is a small meadow with green grass and a small stream running through it. This is also an excellent lunch spot. Along
the way one will have amazing views of Rakaposhi (7700m) across the Gilgit valley. v. Kashmiri Bazaar and Bridge (Old Town)
Kashmiri Bazaar as the name implies is filled with shops owned mostly by Kashmir natives and is a great place to take pictures and meet locals. One will find mostly small items such as
jewelry, trinkets, and junk in this bazaar and some great snacks from roadside vendors. Just before the bridge are the hat shops, filled with every color and style of traditional hat. This is the best and cheapest place to buy them and they make great souvenirs. The bridge connects Gilgit
with the town of Kon-e-das on the opposite side of the Gilgit River and is always a very busy route. Below the bridge on the Gilgit side you can see a goat market, where trading is always happening.
vi. Danyore Suspension Bridge and Tunnel
Danyore is the large village across the river from
Gilgit. It is a plain fertile plateau to the east of River Hunza and the north of River Gilgit. The name of
this area is kept after the Daniyor Nalla a source of water supply for agriculture and potable water for areas on either side of the Nalla. It is predominantly
rich agricultural land with plots sizes demarcated according to the sizes of personal holdings.
3 http://www.horizon-guesthouse.com/HGHGilgit.html | Gilgit info
Figure 10: Danyore suspension bridge
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Along the back route into Danyore is a swinging suspension bridge that allows vehicles to cross the Hunza River. This is a very unique experience and can be a little bit frightening. It is made
of wood and seems ready to break at any moment. Across the bridge, the road immediately enters a very narrow, dark tunnel. There is only enough room for one vehicle and sometimes
even one vehicle seems like too much. vii. Jutial Water Channel
This large water channel follows the mountainside parallel to the main road in Gilgit. It was
built some time ago, but most of it remains unused. This makes it a great route for a scenic stroll above Gilgit. You can reach the water channel from Upper Jutial, near the Serena Hotel. It is a
casual 2 to 3 hour walk along the channel to its end near the Kargah Buddha.
viii. Monument of Taj Mughal:
A victory monument of Taj Mughal, built 700 years ago, is 30 km. jeep drive from Gilgit town.
ix. Sher Qilla
It is 38 km. from Gilgit - Trekking route links with Naltar valley. Trout fishing can be enjoyed
in Sher Qilla Nullah and a small lake.
Some other sites are:
Naltar Valley with Naltar Peak
Hunza Valley
Ferry Meadows in Raikot
Shigar town
Skardu city
Haramosh Peak in Karakoram Range
Bagrot-Haramosh Valley
Deosai National Park
Astore Valley
Rama Lake
Juglot town
Phunder village
Yasin Valley
Kargah Valley
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1.2.6. Natural Resources
Gilgit-Baltistan is blessed with diverse kinds of resources including precious gems, gold, uranium, copper, molybdenum, mica, forests, glaciers, lakes and rivers.
1.2.6.1.Water Resources
Glaciers and seasonal snow deposits are the principal sources of all flowing water in the Gilgit. The melted water enters streams called nullahs, which subsequently ingress in rivers.
The main rivers in the District are:
Khunjerab River - flows south along the Karakoram Highway from the Khunjerab Valley,
known as Hunza River in the south of Sust
Hunza River - flows further south and falls into Gilgit River just in the northeast
of Gilgit town
Gilgit River - enters Gilgit District from west in the south of Bichhar Pass (Naltar Valley)
and flows west through the Gilgit town.
Indus River - enters Gilgit District from Skardu District about six kilometers north
of Jaglot where Gilgit River falls into Indus River and the Indus flows south along the
Karakoram Highway.
Astor River
There are many tributaries of the above main rivers, some of which are Ghujerab
River, Shimshal River, Hispar River, Naltar River and Yaheen River. A large number of small
ravines emerge from various glaciers, springs and lakes that eventually mix in these rivers.
Seasonal variations create significant effect on the discharge of primary rivers resulting in
significant decrease in the discharge flow in peak winter seasons. The flow is greatest from July
to September, when snow melts in the mountains, while southwest as well as northern monsoon
brings torrential rain resulting in land sliding, high flood levels and increase in the turbidity of
water
Nallas
Figure 7: Gilgit River
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Almost every village and town in the Northern Areas and Chitral has a network of water channels, feed by streams locally called as nullahs. These channels are 2-4 feet wide and of
similar depth. These channels are a symbol of the region‟s ancient history; indigenous art and collective effort, since many of these were built centuries ago, cutting through rocks and difficult
terrain. In Gilgit Town there are five drinking water supply complex are situated in the south of Gilgit,
charged by two water channels built around 30 years ago. The main Nallas around the Gilgit city are Jutial Nala, Kanudas Nala, Kargah Nala and Daniyor Nala.
1.2.6.2.Minerals
Following minerals, precious and semi precious stones are found in the province of Gilgit Baltistan.
- Gold
- Platinum
- Palladium
- Copper
- Lead
- Zinc
- Cobalt
- Nickel
- Bismuth
- Molybdinum
- Arsenic
- Iron Ore
1.2.6.3.Precious and Semi Precious Stones
- Ruby
- Emerald
- Sapphire
- Spinal
- Aquamarine
- Topaz
- Tourmaline
- Epidote
- Moonstone
Page | 27
- Pargasite
- Garnet
- Amethyst
- Marganite
1.2.6.4.Vegetation/ Forest Cover
The forests in Northern Areas are mostly limited to southwestern parts of NA in the distric ts of Diamir, Baltistan, Gilgit and Ghizar. The wide variety of climatic conditions in the Northern
Areas, coupled with the extreme variations in altitude and aspect, has lead to an equally wide array of vegetation and ecological zones.
Five distinct zones can be identified. These Ecological zones include Alpine Meadows and
Alpine scrubs, Sub – Alpine Scrub, Dry Temperate Coniferous Forest and Dry Temperate Evergreen oak scrub.
Forest Area
Sq. miles sq. km ha
Chilas, Darel and
Tangir
848 2,171 217,088
Astore Sub – Division 120 307 30,720
Gilgit, Punial and
Nagar
96 246 24,576
Baltistan 36 92 9,216
Total forest area 1,100 2,816 281,600
Table 9: Forest cover area in Northern areas
Figure 8: Views of vegetation in the city
Page | 28
Area under protected forests (conifers) in Northern Areas is 64,512 ha. Total (scrub) forests are 381,200 ha but further classification into private or protected forests is not reported.
District Area Forest
Type
Significance Rights
mile2 km2 ha
Gilgit
(Gilgit
and
Nagar)
66 169 17028 Montane
Dry
Temperate
and sub
alpine
Subsistence timber,
firewood, grazing
and other NTFP;
biodiversity,
Watershed, eco-
tourism, forest PA
and logging for civil
works
1. Free grant of timber and
fuel wood in Nagar area to
the local right holders as
per notification of 1974.
2. In Gilgit, the timber is
supplied on concessional
rates to the locals but
firewood from dead and
dying trees is free.
Table 10: Gilgit district forest cover area, type and significance
Area Nursery Development Afforestation Program
No. of nurseries (ha) Area covered No (Millions) Area (ha)
Gilgit 71 19,24 4.00 1339.52
Table 11: Forest Nurseries in Northern Areas, 1997
District Government
(Nurseries)
Area (ha) Government
Plantation (No.)
Area (ha)
Gilgit 7 5.5 4 254
Table 12: Forest under Government Jurisdiction, 1997 Northern Areas
1.2.7. Natural Disasters
Northern Areas on account of physical location and geo-physical nature of the terrain could easily be counted as the most hazardous region in Pakistan. NA's are exposed to both natural and manmade hazards. Coupled with peculiar hazardous environment, the risks are further
accentuated on account of vulnerabilities in terms of political structure, institutional mandate and capacities and the particular socio-economic context.
A disaster Inventory has been compiled based on information available with the NA Home Department and is given below in the table:
S. No. Disasters Date /
Years
Location Damages & Losses (Human
Losses, cattles, crop, land etc)
Estimates of
Financial Impact of Disaster (In Rs)
Page | 29
1 Floods and
Landslide
25/11/2005 Gilgit, Skardu, Diamer,
Ghizer, Ghanche, Astore
Deaths= 08, House= 3250, Cattle
Head=113
38.81 million
2 Civil
Conflicts
June 2004
to mid Oct 2005
Gilgit, Skardu Deaths= 17, Injured= 22, Property
Damage
7.3 million, 78.463
million paid & 32.16 million to be
Paid. 3 Civil
Conflicts
Oct to Dec
2005
Gilgit, Skardu Deaths= 56, Injured= 81 16.8 million
4 Floods June to
Aug 2006
Gilgit, Skardu, Diamer,
Ghizer, Ghanche,
Astore
Deaths= 26, House Damage= 563,
Crops Affected (Acres)=8375.9
50.19 million
Table 13: Types of disasters and their related statistics
Type of Disasters Gilgit
Yes / No Frequency
High Medium Low Earthquake No Landslide / Rock fall /
Mudflow
Yes
Glacial Movement /
Avalanches
Yes
Flash Floods/Riverine
Floods
Yes
Glacial Lake Outburst
Floods
No
Snow Storm Yes
Wind Storms Yes
Lightening Yes
Drought Yes
Epidemics Yes
Cross border
firing
Yes
Road Accidents Yes
Wild Fires No
Ethnic & Sectarian
Vio lence
Yes
Table 14: Types of disasters and their frequency in Gilgit
Page | 30
Fig
ure
11:
Map
show
ing p
ote
ntial haz
ard
are
a o
f G
ilgit
Dis
tric
t
Sourc
e: "
Rep
ort
on H
azar
d V
uln
era
bil
ity a
nd R
isk A
sses
smen
t of
Gilg
it D
istr
ict by
WW
F-U
ND
P
Page | 31
1.2.7.1.Seismology
The seismic map of the region prepared by Pakistan Meteorological Department, Geophysical Centre, Quetta, indicates that Gilgit lies in a very active seismic zone and the seismic factor in this zone has been evaluated as “Zone of noticeable seismic danger” with acceleration values of
0.05 to 0.15 g. and to the immediate north and north-west lies the “Zone of significant seismic danger” with acceleration value of 0.15 to 0.2g.
Two devastating earthquakes occurred in the Northern Areas in near past on 28th December 1974 and 12th September, 1981 near the villages of Pattan and Sazine with magnitudes 6.1 and
5.7. Considerable Loss to the building was experienced in Gilgit as well during the Sazine earthquake (1981).
There is no observatory in the seismically active belt of Gilgit. This region is sparsely populated and very little attention has been given to their development in the past and as such the need for a
seismic hazard data was hardly realized. Now when major development schemes involving sizeable engineering works are being planned and are underway, an accurate knowledge of
seismicity is essential especially in the wake of recent earthquake.
Table 15: Earthquake dates and statistics
1.2.7.2. Floods
The hazard identification and assessment process shows that flood is the major hazard in the district of Gilgit and is of various kinds; the cloud burst flood, flash floods, glacial lake outburst
floods and the River Floods.
Page | 32
According to the hazard map, the tidal settlement area is 136.436 Sq km out of which 15.67354 sq. km is under flood. Amongst the twelve union councils, the major floor area are 0.3846 Sq.
Km lies between Jutial and Jaglot but most vulnerable are Sakarkoie, Konadas, Nalter, Jutial and Jaglote Goroo. The flood nullahs are very near to settlements and average speed on set is just 27
minutes, gives the community very little time to evacuate themselves. As compare to above mentioned union councils, Haramosh, Sai Aglote, Charkorcot and Damot
have been gone through floods but the average speed on set is one and half hour, thus causing less harm to the communities. The frequency of floods is usually 2 to 3 times a year and usually
from end of June to mid-August. There are 110 flood points in the whole district including Nullahs, rivers and channels, amongst
them 21 are in Sharote Shakyot over an extended area, 16 in Municipal and 15 are in Nomal, which covered less area and this cause more damage to the settlements. According to the
community and history profile; severe floods over the last few decades occurred in the district in 1980, 1994, 1996 and 2010.
1.2.7.3. Land sliding
Land sliding is the second major hydro
metrological hazard in the district and triggered as a secondary hazard of heavy rainfall in summer and intense snow fall
in winter.
According to the community observations, the average frequency of landsliding is 5-6 times a year and usually
stays for 1 hour. In this duration in usually cause harm to homes especially in
Sakarkoie and even to human lives in Kargah and Nalter valleys (shams-ur-Rehman). Social forestry, agricultural
land and cattle sheds are under threat of landslides in all most all the union councils.
The hazard map shows 23 potential landslides points in the whole district with 4 in Sharote-Shakyot and Haramosh and 3 in each of municipal area, Bagrot and Charkorcot. The
average speed on set for landslide is every short i.e. 8.07 minutes. The landslide point is Naiko Gilgit is highly
threatnin as the speed on set is just 02 minutes and average duration is 1 hour and as a result of 2010 rain it caused damage to 07 houses (Mohammad Ismail from Naikoi). The
landslides in Nalter and Jutial Nullah are also very potential and even can enter the homes in Nalter but in case of Jutial
the speed on set are 30 minutes and the plantation on its
Figure 12: Landslide in 2010 caused damage to a home in
Naikoie
Figure 13: Condition after land
sliding
Page | 33
way gets damaged but serves as barriers to reduce the harm to homes, cattle sheds and human lives (Sher Nadeer from Jutial)
Fig
ure
14:
Map
sh
ow
ing p
ote
nti
al la
nd
slid
e are
as
of
Gil
git
Dis
tric
t
Sourc
e: "
Rep
ort
on H
azar
d V
uln
era
bil
ity a
nd R
isk A
sses
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Gilg
it D
istr
ict by
WW
F-U
ND
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Page | 34
1.2.7.4. River and stream bank erosion
River bank erosion is again triggered as a secondary hazard of floods and increase in temperature
in summer. The erosion rate depends on volume of water and is usually very high from June-September. An Average of 2216 kanal is ruined every year as a result of erosion especially along
the banks of Shrot, shakyot, Bargo, Thingee, Hanzal, Baseen, Sakarkoie and Konadas by the Ghizer river. Erosion to the agricultural land is very high in Sakwar and Nalter as result of flow of nallah water in high volume and speed.
1.2.7.5. Avalanches
Avalanche is again a major identified hydro – metrological hazard in the district. It usually
occurs in winter when there is heavy snow fall and frequency could be 5-7 times such as in Nomal-Nalter. The speed on set is just few seconds to few minutes (Akber Husain Nalter).
According to the hazard map there are 10 avalanche points in the district with 01 in Sharote, 01 in the Haramosh, 02 in Bagrot and 06 in Nalter, covering an area of 1.8601 sq. km. The potential avalanches usually cause a huge damage to the natural forest and cultivable land in Nalter.
Figure 15: Map showing hazard types, risks and class in the union council of Nomal-Nalter
Source: "Report on Hazard Vulnerability and Risk Assessment of Gilgit District by WWF-UNDP
Page | 35
Figure 16: Level of risk from natural disasters to critical facilities in the Gilgit district
Even though the prosperity and rapid development resulted by the KKH, however environmental problems certainly increase since no attentions was given to address the basic needs of water,
Figure 17: Level of risk from natural disasters to livelihood sources in the Gilgit district
Page | 36
sanitation, solid waste and proper sewerage systems. Similarly, rapid depletion of natural resources could be observed in the area due to easy accessibility. Natural forests are one of the
significant areas affected by construction of roads to remote valleys. (IUCN Raza, 2003)
Page | 37
1.3. ECONOMY
The economy of a region can be considered to be the backbone in terms of development of a region. The economic activities in a region refer to the evolution of production and consumption
processes in this region. These are also reflected on the movements of people and goods inside, to/from the region. Two sets of activities are identifiable: a) those carried out for subsistence or local consumption and; b) those intended to be exported from the region for national or
international consumption. An economy consists of the economic system of a country or other area; the labor, capital and
land resources; and the manufacturing, trade, distribution, and consumption of goods and services of that area. An economy may also be described as a spatially limited and social network where goods and services are exchanged according to demand and supply between
participants by barter or a medium of exchange with a credit or debit value accepted within the network.
Major sources of economy in Gilgit are as follows: 1.3.1. Water– Hydro Power
Water is the main potential and source of economy in overall Gilgit-Baltistan and Gilgit. Water
is not only used for cultivation but the advantage of waterfalls is tapped through hydro-electric power generation. In the vicinity of Gilgit, 27of hydro power projects that generate18.03 MW amount of electricity. Total Hydro power projects in Northern Areas in operation are 98 that
generate 133 MW amount of Electricity. 4 The various power plants are along, the Konodas Nalla, Naltar,, SherQila, Haramosh, Daniyor, Nomal, Pari, Jaglot Sai, Jalalabad, Ja glot, and
number of projects along the Kargah nala. Various projects are installed in areas Chilas, and Skardu, Ghizer and Hunza.
River Station Area (km2) Mean Annual Flows of the Upper Indus
River
(m3/sec) (mm) (billion m3)
Gilgit Gilgit 12,095 287 750 9.05
Table 16: Stream Flow Measurements in the Upper Indus River
Province/
Territory
Projects in
Operation
(MW)
Projects Under Implementation Solicited Sites
(Projects with
Feasibility
Study
Completed)
(MW)
Projects
with
Raw
Sites
(MW)
Total
Hydropo
wer
Resource
s
(MW)
Public
Sector
(MW)
Private Sector (MW)
Province
Level
Federal
Level
Gilgit –
Baltistan
133 11876 40 - 534 8542 21125
Table 17: Information about hydropower plants
4Hydro Power Resources of Pakistan – Feb 2011 | by Private Power and Infrastructue Board
5Northern Areas: State of Environment and Development, 2003 Government of Pakistan, Northern AreasAdministration and
IUCN–The World ConservationUnion.
Page | 38
The power supply drastically fluctuates between the summer and winter seasons. The difference between the two seasons is a short fall of -8.340 MW.6
Area No. of
Operation
Stations.
Installed
Capacity
(MW)
Power
Demand
Energy Available Shortfall
Hydal Thermal
Gilgit 27 18.03 21.930 11.09 2.5 -8.340
Table 18: Information about hydropower plants
According to the estimates of Aga Khan Rural Support Program, with the help of small hydro power plants and turbines Gilgit Baltistan can supply 22,000 MW as a whole.
1.3.2. Agriculture
The other source of economy of Gilgit is Agriculture. Only two per cent of the region is believed
to be cultivable. Of this area, just over one per cent is already in use for the production of grain crops, fruit and vegetables. Approximately nine per cent of the Northern Areas is occupied by
natural forests and scrub, and 22 per cent by rangelands (primarily alpine pasture). Agriculture sector is based on traditional methods which lead to low level outputs and yields.
The crop and livestock resources are limited. However, recent efforts are being made for producing high-yield variety of potato with an output of 85000 tonnes. 7
The principal food crops are wheat, maize, barley, potatoes, vegetables and fruits. Livestock are an integral component of the agricultural system; in 1996, the tota l livestock population of the
Northern Areas was estimated to exceed two million animals. 8
The various fruits and dry fruits that are abundantly found in this part of the region are:
- Apricot
- Apple
- Grapes
- Pears
- Peaches
- Pomegranate
- Cherry
- Mulberry
- Walnut
- Almond
6 ibid 7AGRICULTURE SECTORINVESTMENT POTENTIALS IN GILGIT-BALTISTAN,
http://www.gilgitbaltistan.gov.pk/images/stories/bus-pot_pdf/Agriculture.pdf 8ibid
Page | 39
45%
23%
17%
15%
Economy
Com. Social Services
Agri, Forest etc
Finance, Real Estate
Wholesale Trade
However, due to lack of investment, marketing and proper packaging a lot of fruits get perished
without reaching the market. For example out of 107803 MT of 41644 MT of apricots get wasted. 9
District Area under
Cereals (ha)
Area under
Fruits (ha)
Area under
Vegetables (ha)
Area under Fodders
(ha)
Gilgit 10,194 4,602 3,232 18,741
Table 19: Status of Agriculture in Northern Area (2001)10
1.3.3. Tourism
Tourism is one of the major sectors of the Gilgit‟s economy, providing employment and income
to a large segment of the population. . Family income gets additional support from tourism and allied professions as Gilgit is known for its tourist potential for local and foreign tourists
especially interested in serious mountaineering. 1.3.4. Labor force
Majority of the people are being involved directly or indirectly with border trade as well as hoteling and transport. Only in Gilgit town there are more than 22 hotels and around same
number of restaurants, working round the year.
C i t y / Town Number of Hotels Number of Rooms
2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1
Gilgit 24 38 500 683
Table 20: Statistics for hotel industry in Gilgit
The other sources of income include labor, services in government or non-government organizations. (IUCN Raza, 2003) According to census report of 1988,
following are the basis of employment in Gilgit.
- Services 42.38 %
- Agriculture, Forestry, Hunting
and Fishing 21.19 %
- Finance, Insurance, Real Estate
and Business Services +
Construction 15.63 %
- Whole-sale Trade, Restaurants
and Hotels and Transport,
9AGRICULTURE SECTORINVESTMENT POTENTIALS INGILGIT-BALTISTAN,http://www.gilgitbaltistan.gov.pk/images/stories/bus-
pot_pdf/Agriculture.pdf 10
Northern Areas : State of Environment and Development, 2003 Government of Pakistan, Northern Areas Administration and IUCN–The World
Conservation Union.
Figure 18: Pie-chart showing economic division of sectors in the city
Page | 40
Storage and Communication 14.27 %
Generally in Gilgit migration from rural areas to urban area is not as high as it is found in lower Pakistan, but still the figure is quite high considering the existing facilities in urban area. Better education, health facilities, and broader job opportunities both for skilled and unskilled labors,
are the main encouraging factors for rural population to migrate in Gilgit urban town, headquarter of urban district. As far as the educated people are concerned those prefer to stay in
their respective villages or regions as most of them are employed either with health or education department. Another reason of migration is business opportunities. Majority of non- local business community have migrated from villages of NWFP and Punjab.11
Place of Previous Residence All Areas Rural Urban
All Areas 100 100 100
Within Northern Areas 39.99 26.39 52.00
Azad Jammu Kashmir 4.39 7.58 1.58
NWFP 16.52 13.46 19.23
FATA 0.95 0.00 1.79
Punjab 18.04 22.73 13.89
Sindh 0.58 0.36 0.75
Baluchistan 0.23 0.38 0.11
Islamabad 0.18 0.19 0.17
Other Countries 2.13 2.58 1.74
Not Reported 16.98 26.32 8.73
Table 21: Percentage of Migrants from other Province / Within Northern Areas by Rural /
Urban, 1998
1.3.5. Land Utilization
Agricultural Sector:
The Northern Areas of Pakistan are located between 35-37 N and 72-75 E. The majority of the area is mountainous and covers over 72,496 square kilometers with a population of one million
in 831 villages scattered all over the area. Human settlements are on alluvial fans and terraces from 4000 ft. to 11500 ft. elevation on either
side of the Indus and its tributaries where water is available for agriculture. Density is of 14 persons / km2. Roughly 0.86 per cent area is under agriculture, double of this is arable, 4.0 per
cent under forest and the rest is covered by range lands, glaciers and mountains. Small land holdings (1-2 kanals or 0.073 to 0.074 ha/capita) and existence of 75 per cent agricultural land in single cropped area and 25 per cent in double cropped area in the arid mountains confine the
production below subsistence level. Agriculture is irrigated owing to scanty precipitation and
11
Northern Areas: State of Environment and Development, 2003 Government of Pakistan, Northern Areas Administration and
IUCN–The World Conservation Union.
Page | 41
subsequent aridity all over the mountain region. Land holdings in the northern areas are small, reported to be below one hectare (on the average 0.124 ha to 0.075 ha). 12
District No. of
Farm
Farm
Area (ha)
Farm Area uncultivated (ha)
Cultivated
Land (ha)
Cultivable
Waste
Forests Total
Gilgit 17573 21624 11900 18073 17028 35101
Table 22: Land use in Agricultural Sector
District Cultivated
Area
Cultivable
Area
Cropped Area under other (hectares) Crops.
Cereal Potato Other
Veg.
Fodders Fruits Total
Gilgit 11,900 18,073 10,821 574 634 3,679 1,399 17,107
Table 23: Land Utilization Statistics
1.3.6. Production output
The per capita per annum income of Gilgit-Baltistan is one fourth of Pakistan‟s national average
and more than half of the region‟s population lives below poverty line. Several studies show that families spend more than one third of their annual income on purchasing firewood during the freezing winters. There is no industry in the region and private sector is very small to provide
jobs to tens of thousands of jobless youth. Few flour mills owned by Pakistanis do exist but often remain shut due to lack of grain-supply. Many youngsters also join Pakistani military, non-profit
organizations or become porters for the tourists to earn subsistence income.
1.4. CULTURE AND HERITAGE
CULTURE:
Culture is a term that has many different related meanings. It can be described as:
An integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and social learning or The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and
practices that characterizes an institution, organization, or group.
HERITAGE:
Heritage refers to something inherited from the past and then it comes to a genie. The word has
several different senses, including:
Natural heritage, an inheritance of fauna and flora, geology, landscape and landforms,
and other natural resources
12
Northern Areas Strategy for Sustainable Development – Second Draft | June 2002 | Background Paper on
Agriculture and Food Security | By IUCN
Page | 42
Cultural heritage, the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or
society:
Industrial heritage, monuments from industrial culture
Tradition, customs and practices inherited from ancestors
The Northern Areas are one of Pakistan‟s most important international tourism destinations. The
region is renowned for its natural beauty, including its rugged valleys, high mountain peaks and massive glaciers; these features attract a significant number of trekking and mountaineering
expeditions every year. Other tourism assets include the region‟s diverse flora and fauna, its rich architectural heritage and its ancient archaeological sites.
1.4.1. LINKS TO ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS
The Karakorum and Hindukush have always been rather porous barriers, offering shorter, seasonal routes between South and Central Asia. Traders, conquerors, religion and ideas have been passing through this route over 4000 years. Evidence of human activity can be traced in this
region in the form of world‟s largest collection of rock carvings dated from 7th century. 13 However, the main attraction of ruling this area was the control of the trade routes. Flow of Silk
from China and spices from India flowed west, and the great overland trade routes known as the Silk Routes blossomed. Throughout the ages we see struggle over the control of trade routes between the neighboring Central Asian states, the kingdoms of Northern Area and the Chinese
Empire. It is through this link that this region became the
eastern most extent of the Greek Empire in 327 BC. This was followed by the Great Asoka Empire along with the Buddhist leanings in 272-235 BC.
Consequently, we see the development of the great Gandharan civilizations as a result of fusion
between Greek and Buddhist ideas. 1.4.2. TOURISM
Tourism is one of the major sectors of the Gilgit‟s
economy, providing employment and income to a large segment of the population. However, without careful planning and regulation, tourism can have
negative impacts on both the natural and cultural environment. The challenge faced by policy makers
and planners is to develop tourism in such a way that it ensures conservation of the very assets upon which the industry is based.
13 Pakistan & the Karakoram Highway
By Sarina Singh, Lindsay Brown, Paul Clammer, Rodney Cocks, John Mock
Figure 19: Road map to Gilgit showing important
destinations
Page | 43
Gilgit city is one of the two major hubs for all mountaineering expeditions in the Northern Areas
of Pakistan. Almost all tourists headed for treks in Karakoram or Himalaya Ranges arrive at Gilgit first. Many tourists choose to travel to Gilgit by air, since the road travel between
Islamabad and Gilgit, by the Karakoram Highway, takes nearly 24 hours, whereas the air travel takes a mere 45–50 minutes.
The tourism department of Gilgit is making efforts to promote domestic tourism. Before the incident of September 11, 2001 (World Trade Center), it was an open campaign site for Tourists.
Gilgit has larger number of Mineral forests. It is the largest province of rock art in the world. The Province also has International Peace Park in Tashpur. The tourism department is revising the set of policies. It has now become the part of Provincial Government. By 2014, it is expected
that there will be direct International flight operate from Gilgit. Rituals of Gilgit like Rafting and Paragliding are renowned in all over the world. Inspire all of this; the officials face Financial and
Security problems in promoting Tourism. In terms of security, one solution is to promote the Community Based Tourism. 14 During 2008 During 2009 Trend
Area Number of Tourist
Visited
Area Number of
Tourist Visited
Increase/
Decrease
Gilgit 34,921 Gilgit 36,505 1584 (Increased)
Table 24: Tourism related statistics of year 2008 and 2009
Tourism Assets in the Northern Areas:
The Northern Areas possess some of the most dramatic mountain scenery on earth. Three of the world‟s greatest mountain ranges – the Karakoram, the Himalaya and the Hindu Kush – meet in the Northern Areas. Of the world‟s 14 summits above 8,000 meters, five are located in the
Northern Areas, including K-2, the second highest mountain in the world.15
14
Interview from the Touris m Directorate, Yasir | April 2011 15
www.tourism.gov.pk/mountaineering.html
Figure 20: Karakoram, Hindukush and Himalayan Mountains
Page | 44
S.
No.
Peak Altitude
(metres)
Range World Ranking
1. K-2 (Chogori) 8,611 Karakoram 2
2. Nanga Parbat 8,125 Himalaya 9
3. Gasherbrum I 8,068 Karakoram 11
4. Broad Peak 8,047 Karakoram 12
5. Gasherbrum II 8,035 Karakoram 14
6. Gasherbrum III 7,952 Karakoram 15
7. Gasherbrum IV 7,925 Karakoram 17
8. Distaghil Sar 7,885 Karakoram 20
9. Kunyang Chhish 7,852 Karakoram 22
10. Masherbrum NE 7,821 Karakoram 24
11. Rakaposhi 7,788 Karakoram 27
12. Batura 7,785 Karakoram 28
Table 25: Peaks of northern areas and their altitudes
In addition to the region‟s mountain landscapes, the Northern Areas are endowed with some of
the largest glaciers outside the Polar Regions, sweeping valleys, and other natural features
such as forests, rivers, lakes and meadows. The Northern Areas also support a rich array of biodiversity, including several species of flora
and fauna which are considered to be globally endangered. Four national parks and three
wildlife sanctuaries have now been established
to protect this biological heritage.
S.
No.
Name Area (km2) Length (km)
1. S i a c h e n 6 8 5 7 2
2. B a l t o r o 5 2 9 6 2
3. B i a f o 3 8 3 6 5
4. H i s p a r 3 4 3 4 9
5. P a n m a h 2 5 4 4 2
6. Chongo Lungma 2 3 8 4 4
7. B a t u r a 2 2 0 5 6
8. Khurdopin and Yukshin Gardan 1 3 5 3 7
9. B r a l d u 1 2 3 3 6
10. B a r p u 1 2 3 3 3
11. Ya q g h i l 11 4 3 1
12. Vi r j e r a b 11 2 3 8
Figure 21: View of Nanga Parbat Mountain
Page | 45
13. M o h m i l 6 8 2 6
14. G a s h e r b r u m 6 7 2 5
15. M a l a n g u t t i 5 3 22
Table 26: Glaciers of Northern areas
Source: MoI, 1991.
1.4.3. HERITAGE
The Northern areas contain various heritage sites as it had been ruled by different civilizations
dated from 7th century including Greek Empire, Asoka Empire, Buddhists and Gandharan civilizations, Mughal Empire and Sikh empire. Evidence of human activity can be traced in this
region in the form of world‟s largest collection of rock carvings.
Cultural Heritage
The Northern Areas have been influenced by a variety of cultures and civilizations during their
turbulent history. The main trading route between India, China and Central Asia, known as the Silk Route, passed through the Northern Areas, making the region a meeting place for traders, pilgrims and explorers. Emperors and conquerors from Central Asia and Persia were attracted to
the region, and Buddhist monks from India used the Silk Route to travel to China to spread their teaching. Today, the Karakoram Highway links Pakistan and China, and follows that segment of
the Silk Route which once passed through the Northern Areas. As a result of this varied history, the Northern Areas possess a particularly diverse and interesting cultural heritage.
Architectural Heritage
The NA‟s architectural heritage includes palaces, forts, mosques and shrines. Particularly
important sites include: Altit Fort; Baltit Fort; Khaplu Fort and Palace; Shigar Fort and Palace; Mamorokutz Mosque; and Amburiq Mosque.
Due to a strong hold of Muslims over the region, it consists of several examples of Islamic architecture especially mosques. Very few mosques older than 100 years have been preserved in
the entire Gilgit Agency. The finest examples of old wooden mosques can be found in the Darel and Tangir valleys resembling those in Swat and lndus Kohistan The oldest mosque in Nager
(Kamal Masjid in Uyum Nager) bears the inscription “8211” which could mean 1128 Hijri, i.e. 1716 A.D. There are also some abandoned old Shi‟i mosques in the villages of central Hunza. The best known tombs of Muslim saints are those of Sayyid Shah Sultan Arif in Danyor
(opposite Gilgit), of Sayyid Shah Wali in Ghulmet (Central Nager) and of Baba Ghundi in the Chupursan valley.
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Archaeological Heritage
Important archaeological sites include cave paintings, megalithic stone circles, and Buddhist
stupas and monasteries numerous ancient rock carvings and inscriptions have also been discovered throughout the NA, particularly along the Silk Route. The history of the Northern Areas has been reconstructed based upon this “rock art”, and there is a high likelihood that more
sites await discovery.
The Gilgit manuscripts are among the oldest manuscripts in the world, and the oldest manuscript collection surviving in Pakistan, having major significance in the areas of Buddhist studies and the evolution of Asian and Sanskrit literature. The manuscripts are believed to have been written
in the 5th to 6th Century CE, though some more manuscripts were discovered in the succeeding centuries, which were also classified as Gilgit manuscripts.
This corpus of manuscripts was discovered in 1931 in Gilgit, containing four sutras from the Buddhist canon, including the famous Lotus Sutra. The manuscripts were written on birch bark
in old Sanskrit language in the Sharada script. The Gilgit manuscripts cover a wide range of themes such as econometric, folk tales, philosophy, medicine and several related areas of life and
general knowledge. Location District Description
Alam Bridge Gilgit Rock inscriptions and drawings on boulders near the bridge. The inscriptions are in Indian script, reflecting Indian influence on the region; the drawings suggest a Central Asian influence.
Astore Valley
Diamir Archaeologically unexplored area, but some sites confirm the presence of ancient graves and other features of interest.
Chilas Diami Inscriptions and engravings on rocks and boulders dating from the 5th millennium B.C. through to medieval times. These inscriptions
Figure 22: Views of Baltit Fort, Hunza
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reflect Chilas‟ importance as a meeting point throughout the ages for traders and pilgrims.
Gilgit Gilgit Several archaeological sites, including the Kargah Buddha, the Noorpur stupas, the Mughal Minar and the Danyor Inscription (a huge boulder bearing inscriptions from the 7th/8th century A.D.) This is the only archaeological site in the Northern Areas which is currently protected under the Pakistan Antiquities Act.
Hunza Gilgit The “Sacred Rock of Hunza”.
Shigar
Valley
Baltistan Many remains, including a Buddhist monastery, paintings and carvings from the 4th/5th century A.D.
Shin Nala Diamir Buddhist complex with images, stupas and carvings from the early Buddhist period of 4th/5th century A.D.
Skardu Baltistan The “Manthal Rock”, engraved with Buddhist inscriptions and showing the influence of Tibetan rule in the area.
Yasin Ghizar Several megalithic stone circles dating back to the 1st millennium B.C.
Table 27: Information on archaeological heritage of northern areas
Living Cultural Expressions
The Northern Areas have a rich variety of living cultural expressions, as reflected in the region‟s
languages as well as its traditional music, foods, festivals, sports, arts and handicrafts. In Baltistan, for example, an archaic form of Tibetan is spoken, while to the north, near Rakaposhi, there are five separate language groups along just 150 kilometers of the Hunza River.
Polo is the most popular traditional sport in the region. Patronized by local Rajas and Mirs for
generations and played throughout the Northern Areas, but is particularly popular in Baltistan. The Shandur Polo Festival, in which polo teams from Gilgit compete with Chitral, attracts thousands of spectators each year.
The Northern Areas are also known for their cultural festivals (such as the famous Mindok
Ltanmo or Flower Festival, a music and dance ceremony performed in Khaplu to welcome spring) and a wide array of other traditions, such as the making of pattu (hand-woven, woolen cloth, used in jackets, coats and shirts).
1.4.4. SKILLS:
The main occupations of the people of Gilgit city are trade, mining and agriculture. The majority of the population is engage in these occupations. Other occupations are related to horticulture,
livestock and its related products. However in late 1980s after the inauguration of Karakoram Highway with China and Pakistan brought economical revolution as majority of the people are
being involved directly or indirectly with border trade as well as hoteling and transport. The other sources of income include labor, services in government or non-government organizations.
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2. DESCRIBING THE CITY
Gilgit is the capital city of the province of Gilgit-Baltistan. It is the administrative and
commercial centre of the Gilgit-Baltistan. It is situated in the foot hills of the Karakorum mountain range.
2.1.GEOGRAPHICAL CONTEXT
Gilgit city is situated between 34-04 north
latitudes and 72-30 to 77-50 east longitudes. The city is surrounded by
steep vertical mountains 500m to 1500m surrounded by 2000m to 3000m high mountains. Gilgit city is located in a valley
of the Karakorum Mountains, surrounded by high peaks ranging from 1600 m to
2000m on either side of the valley. The origin of the valley goes to the Shandur Pass in the west. The place where the
valley comes to a stop is the intersection of
the Gilgit River and the Hunza River locally known as the Duo Pani. It is the
place where Gilgit River meets Hunza River.
One special feature that distinguishes District Gilgit from rest of the districts of Pakistan is that it has the confluence point
of the three mightiest mountain ranges viz-a-viz Himalaya, Karakoram and
Hindukush.16
In the North- District Hunza-Nagar
In the South- District Diamer
In the East- District Skurdu
In the West- District Ghizar
16
Presentation - Briefing of District Gilgit by Deputy Commissioner Gilgit - 2010
Gilgit town
Figure 24: Map showing Mountain ranges of Gilgit Baltistan
Figure 23: Passing through a road in Gilgit city
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Gilgit lies about 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) off the Karakoram Highway (KKH). The KKH
connects it to Chilas, Dasu, Besham, Mansehra, Abbottabad and Islamabad in the south. In the North it is connected to Karimabad (Hunza) and Sust in the Northern Areas and to the Chinese cities of Tashkurgan, Upal and Kashgar in Xinjiang. Beyond Gilgit there is no big
town or city in any direction within a distance of about 450 Kilometers in any direction. Thereby, making Gilgit the trade center of the Northern Areas.
According to the Gilgit Master Plan 1977, (Pakistan Enviornmental Planning and
Architectural Consultants Limited, 1977) Gilgit and its immediate hinterland may be divided
into six areas by function and physical location as follows:
Figure 25: Map showing primary roads of Gilgit city
Figure 26: Views of Gilgit River
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1. The Town Nucleus
2. Kunadas Plateau
3. Danyor Plain (+ Gujar Das)
4. Jutial
5. Basin
The overall city is longitudinally spread along the North and South bank of the Gilgit River.
Subsequent to the topographic contours, Gilgit expand from bottoms up to steep slopes. The
south bank consists of the historic city centre with commercial areas, the administrative
buildings, the bus stand, the airport and the old settlements along with open recreation areas
of the old and new polo ground.
The north bank consists of the administrative core called the Kunudas. This plateau has been
feed by the Kunudas Nalla. It is connected by the road that runs parallel to the River Hunza.
Near this is the informal settlement called Mujahid Colony 10 km along the North bank lies
the recently construction of Karakorum International University.
Figure 27: Views of Gilgit River
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2.2.LAND USE ZONES:
Gilgit town, though is an unplanned city, but has an order and pattern. There are defined residential, commercial, administrative and farm land area. There are three major roads
namely River View Road, University road, Shaheed-e- Millat road which links East part of the city to the West. Similarly, there are six bridges that link north part to south across the Gilgit River. Land use zones include market area, housing, industrial, amenities facilities,
cantonment zones, universities etc.
Figure 28: Map showing connection between different areas of city
2.2.1. RESIDENTIAL:
Presently in all urban settlements within Gilgit, an unplanned and uncontrolled construction
is in practice. The size of residential plots ranges from ten marlas to 2 kanals albeit small fractions of population have constructed households in 3-5 kanals.
Figure 29: Views of Residential areas of the city
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Unplanned construction following the contour of the land, sizes and shapes of agricultural fields has lead to haphazard growth and expansion in irregular shapes of plots. These areas
also have narrow streets and lack of infrastructure facilities to the need of the growing population.
These streets thus developed internally are narrow and zigzag which are only used by pedestrians and in some areas it is quite difficult to address the basic infrastructure facilities
of urban population such as sewerage, drainage, provision of electricity and easy access to rescue services in case of emergencies.
The residential plots have a lesser degree of plot coverage. Only in Gilgit town 51% of the plots have covered an area of up to 25% and as many as 84% have site coverage of up to 50%. On average only 3% of the urban population have double story buildings. Only 2% of
the households have one room, 22% have up to 2 rooms whilst 74% households have more than 3 rooms. On average 60% of the households are semi pacca, 35 percent are pacca and
the remaining 5 are kacha houses. (IUCN)17 2.2.2. COMMERCIAL:
The city center of the Gilgit considered as the main commercial hub of the city as it contains
a large number of shops. This part of the city is considered to be a settlement from the British period, based on the colonial style of nuclei planning. It acts as the nucleus of the city which is generated by the intersection of the Shaheed Millat Road (running parallel to the Southern
Mountain Ridge) and the Raja Bazaar Road. The shops are selling a variety of goods that include textile, shoes, bags, kitchen utensils and spices. Most of the textile, shoes and
crockery are mainly imported from China. Sometimes, hand carts encroached the road, however, on a temporary basis.
The commercial core of the city center seems to have shifted towards the east at the intersection of the Saddar Bazaar Road and Babar Road. This intersection is marked by the
NLI (Northern Light Infantry Regiment) Market. These shops are related to jewelry, stone and gems, crockery, textile and traveler bags. The NLI market mostly consists of goods that
are brought in from China. There are however, shops that house textiles brought in from down south of the country along with a few local handicraft shops. There are number of cooperate banks in NLI market. On the south of the node, there is a Jamat Khana Bazaar. It
17
IUCN Report on Urban Environment | By Haider Raza | 2003
Figure 30: Views of main commercial area of the city
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mostly comprises 15 to 20 feet wide shops that are selling daily use items i.e., bakery, general store, vegetable, fruits and meat.
2.2.3. AMENITIES:
i. HEALTH
Gilgit city is one of the main destinations for medical emergencies for the entire province.
The total number of hospitals is 6 in number with 1 district health Quarters and five civil hospitals. Following table gives a detail of health facilities found in Gilgit City.
Table 28: Showing health facilities in Gilgit city
Awareness about health and hygiene is still under achieved among remote communities and therefore is a strong focus of interventions by authorities and projects. However, the Aga
Khan Health Services extensive program on health and hygiene within Gilgit City and the province has brought a considerable change and awareness regarding health related issues. In January 2000, Army Hospital Gilgit circulated a report on the incidence of cholera cases in
five districts. According this report 17,625 cholera patients were treated in different hospitals of the Gilgit, out of which 55 were died.
District Cases Deaths Reported
Gilgit DHQ Hospital 11,186 43
DHO 06,439 12
Total 17,625 55
Table 29: Showing cholera cases and deaths reported in Gilgit city
Health Facilities Gilgit
Hospitals 6 (1 DHQ Hosptial + 5 Civil)
Basic Health units 4
Dispensaries 22
First Aid Posts 36
Bed Strength 269 (1998) 304 (in 2008)
Doctors 59
Medical Officers 27
Lady Medical
Officer
4 20 (in 2008)
Specialists 16
Dental Officers 7
Paramedics 308
Lady Health visitors 370
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ii. EDUCATION
The literacy level in Gilgit city is
comparatively high with respect to other districts of Gilgit Baltistan. It has
large number of educational institutions from primary education level to higher secondary education.
Some of the famous colleges in the tow
n are F.G Degree College Jutial, F.G
Degree College for women, Army Public School and College, Public School and Colleges Jutial, the Aga
Khan Education Services, and Aga
Khan School for Boys. A Karakorum International University has been established recently in 2002, for graduate and post graduate
programs.
Table 30: Showing educational facilities in Gilgit city
Table 31: Showing educational facilities in Gilgit city
Education
Facilities Number of Schools Enrollment Teachers
Male Female Co.Edu Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
Primary 427 201 868 1496 88456 64234 149690 1507 726 2233
Middle 136 70 112 318 21288 11613 32901 791 245 1036
High 111 34 42 187 7890 3192 11082 1323 350 1673
High
Secondary
Schools
3 1 2 6 114 47 161 37 15 52
Colleges 10 4 - 14 2115 573 2688 237 61 298
IT Centers 2 2 - 4 120 87 207 9 5 14
Universities - - 1 1 285 129 414 44 7 51
Figure 31: Aga Khan School for boys, Gilgit
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iii. RECREATIONAL
In Gilgit there are two public parks i.e. Chinar Bagh which covers an area of 8.5 acres and the City Park at the extension of
Airport for recreational activities. However, polo which is a traditional game
of the North is a popular sport and for that reason there are 3 polo grounds used for holding polo games as well as other
cultural and social activities.
A large number of spectators come to watch such events in summer times of the year. However, armed forces and local
administration have their own complexes
areas that are designated only for officials. Furthermore, there are three
cinema halls with a total seating capacity of 800 seats. (IUCN)18
18
IUCN Report on Urban Environment | By Haider Raza | 2003
Figure 32: View of Polo Ground
Figure 33: Views of different recreational spaces
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2.2.4. AGRICULTURE:
According to the Gilgit Master Plan of 1977, it is stated that the main landuse within the Gilgit city consists of agricultural land. Due to the mountainous terrian throughout the
provinvce nay available land of ragriculture is a scarcity, hence with a lot of of value. However, due to the rapid growth of the city
the agricultural land is being gradually taken over (Refer to the Danyor case study).
Nonetheless most of the residences consists of livestock, kitchen gardens and small patch of cultivated land.(Refer to Mujahid Colony
case study)
District Farm (Nos) Farm Area
(Ha) Cultivated Land (ha)
Cultivated Waste
Forests Total
Gilgit 17573 21624 11900 18073 17028 35101
Table 32: Showing number of farms and cultivated land area District Cultivated
Area Cultivable Area
Cereal Potato Other Veg.
Fodders Fruits Total
Gilgit 11900 18073 10821 574 634 3679 1399 17107
Table 33: Showing number of cultivated land area for different vegetables
Figure 34: View of Agricultural lands
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2.3.TRANSPORT
There are three major roads namely River View Road, University Road, Shaheed-e- Millat Road which links east part of the city to the west. Similarly, there are six bridges that link
north part to south across the Gilgit River. The urban settlement has metal and un-metal
roads ranging from 60-70 Kilometers of paved roads consisting of radial roads,
distributaries links and access roads. Encroachment on the right of way especially in the central business areas is common. In
some urban areas the roads are very narrow ranging from 20 to 45 feet e.g. Karimabad
centre some parts of Gilgit. The haphazard on-street parking by various modes of transport is
also very common. The loading and unloading activities both by heavy and light
transport can be seen easily. The number of vehicles plying on the roads is increasing with the passage of time while the
roads‟ widths remain same, and the effective carriageway widths on certain roads sections are unable to meet the present day requirement.
Figure 36: Different modes of transport
Figure 35: View of a major road
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S. No. Type of Vehicles Registered On – Road
1 Motorcycle / Scooters 4,014 3,986
2 Motorcars 3,000 2,974
3 Jeeps 3,563 3,552
4 Station Wagons 700 690
5 Tractors 1,557 1,487
6 Buses / Mini Buses 330 329
7 Motorcar Cab 39 39
8 Delivery Van 54 50
9 Public Carrier Truck 7,939 7,917
10 Private Carrier Truck 47 47
11 Pick-up Datsun 767 762
12 Ambulance 12 12
13 Oil Tankers 179 172
14 Water Tanker 2 2
15 Suzuki Pick-up 1,799 1,755
16 Grand Total 24,002 17,774
Table 34: Shows Numbers and Types of Vehicles in Northern Areas, 2000
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The number of vehicles becomes higher in summer season due to tourism and opening of
boarder trade with China. Similarly vehicles used by armed forces are not included in this data as exact figures are not available.
District 1995 1996 (% ) 1997 (% ) 1998 (% ) 1999 (% ) 2000 (% ) 2010
Gilgit city 14,825 15,142 (2.13) 15,386
(1.61)
15,615
(1.49)
15,723
(0.69)
15,928 (1.30) 17,042 (14)
Table 35: Showing number of vehicles in Gilgit city from year 1995-2010
Gilgit lies 10 kilometer off Karakorum Highway. Karakoram highway connects Gilgit to rest
of the Pakistan as well as with China and now the south East Asia. The road travel between Islamabad and Gilgit, by the Karakoram Highway, takes nearly 24 hours. Gilgit also has a small domestic Airport situated in the east of Gilgit. A number of buses run between Gilgit
and Islamabad with a large number of passengers every day.
There are 2 Fokker flights everyday between Gilgit and Islamabad, carrying up to 40 passengers per flight. However, due to unfavorable weather conditions the flights get
Figure 37: Views of various bridges in the city
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cancelled and usually there is backlog of several days. Most of the people prefer to travel by air, as it takes a mere 45–50 minutes.
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2.4. EVOLUTION OF THE CITY:
Gilgit was an important city on the Silk Road, along which Buddhism was spread from South Asia to the rest of Asia. It was ruled for centuries by the local Trakhàn Dynasty, which ended
about 1810 with the death of Raja Abas, the last Trakhàn Raja. It was then captured by number of rulers until the Gilgit Agency was formed by the British rulers.
The Gilgit Agency was a political unit of British India, which administered the northern half of the Princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. The Gilgit Agency was created in 1877 and was
overseen by a political agent of the Governor-General of British India. The seat of the agent was Srinagar. In 1935, the Gilgit Agency leased the territory comprising the agency from the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, Hari Singh, for a period of sixty years. This lease and the
Gilgit Agency ceased to exist when Pakistan and India became independent countries in 1947.
Subsequent to the Partition of India in 1947 and the First Kashmir War, the name "Gilgit Agency" was adopted by Pakistan to refer to the territory which formed a de facto
dependency of Pakistan from 1947 to 1970, but the name ceased to be used when the territory was merged into the Northern Areas. This Pakistani "Gilgit Agency" was administered
directly from Islamabad, separately from the neighboring state of Azad Kashmir and the princely states of Hunza and Nagar. It did not include the district of Kargil and the subdivision of Ladakh which had been a part of the British Gilgit Agency. The Pakistani
Agency bordered the Sinkiang region of China to the northeast, the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir to the south, Baltistan to east, and the North-West Frontier Province to the
west.19 History:
Gilgit had been a flourishing tract but prosperity was destroyed by warfare over the next fifty
years after the death of Raja Abbas, and by the great flood of 1841 in which the river Indus was blocked by a landslip below the HatuPir and the valley was turned into a lake. After the death of Abas, Suleiman Shah, raja of Yasin, conquered Gilgit. Then, Azad Khan, raja of
Punial, killed Sulaiman Shah, taking Gilgit; then Tair Shah, raja of Buroshall (Nagar), took Gilgit and killed Azad Khan. Tair Shah's son Shah Sakandar inherited, only to be killed by
Gaur Rahman, raja of Yasin of the Khushwakhte Dynasty, when he took Gilgit. Then in 1842, Shah Sakandar's brother, Karim Khan, expelled Gaur Rahman with the support of a Sikh army from Kashmir. The Sikh general, Nathu Shah, left garrison troops and Karim Khan
ruled until Gilgit was ceded to Gulab Singh of Jammu and Kashmir in 1846 by the Treaty of Amritsar, and Dogra troops replaced the Sikh in Gilgit.20
Nathu Shah and Karim Khan both transferred their allegiance to Gulab Singh, continuing local administration. When Hunza attacked in 1848, both of them were killed. Gilgit fell to
the Hunza and their Yasin and Punial allies, but was soon reconquered by Gulab Singh's Dogra troops. With the support of Gaur Rahman, Gilgit's inhabitants drove their new rulers
out in an uprising in 1852. Gaur Rahman then ruled Gilgit until his death in 1860, just before new Dogra forces from Ranbir Singh, son of Gulab Singh, captured the fort and town. In 1870s Chitral was threatened by Afghans Maharaja Ranbir Singh was firm in protecting
19
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilgit_Agency 20
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilgit
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Chitral from Afghans the Mehtar of Chitral ask for help, In 1876 Chitral accepted the authority of Jammu Clan and in reverse get the protection from the Dogras who have in the
past took part in many victories over Afghans during the time of Gulab Singh Dogra. 21
Prior to establishment of Princely state of Jammu and Kashmir by the Dogra rulers in the mid - nineteenth century, the Gilgit region had been ruled by princes who were styled Raas. The rulers of the neighboring Baltistan region used the Tibetan title of rGyal-po, having been
founded as a western Tibetan kingdom in the thirteenth century. Gilgit and Baltistan, together with their neighbours Hunza, Nagar and Ladakh, became vassals of the Princely state of
Jammu and Kashmir, but maintained considerable autonomy. After formation of the Gilgit Agency by the British in 1877, these territories, including the Wazarats of Gilgit and Ladakh, were administered directly by the British, though the Princely state of Jammu and Kashmir
retained sovereignty.
Due to the British control over Gilgit, the Gilgitis became subjects of the British government, therefore, efforts were undertaken by the British to free Gilgiti and KunjutiHunzaenslaved in China After being freed due to the efforts of British authorities in China, many slaves such as
Gilgitis in Xinjiang cities like Tashkurgan, Yarkand, and Karghallik, stayed rather than return Hunza in Gilgit. Most of these slaves were women who married local slave and non-slave
men and had children with them. Sometimes the women were married to their masters, other slaves, or free men who were not their masters. There were ten slave men to slave women married couples, and 15 master slave women couples, with several other non-master free men
married to slave women. Both slave and free Turki and Chinese men fathered children with Hunza slave women. A free man, Khas Muhammad, was married with 2 children to a woman
slave named Daulat, aged 24. A Gilgiti slave woman aged 26, Makhmal, was married to a Chinese slave man, Allah Vardi and had 3 children with him.
The local rulers of these territories continued to appear at the Jammu and Kashmir Durbars until 1947. The events of Partition and the subsequent invasion of Jammu and Kashmir by
Pakistani tribals during the First Kashmir War led to most of the former Gilgit Wazarat becoming part of Pakistan-administered Kashmir, but most of the Ladakh Wazarat, including the Kargil area became part of Indian-administered Kashmir. The Line of Control established
at the end of the war is the current de facto border of India and Pakistan. Initially, the Gilgit Agency was not absorbed into any of the provinces o f West Pakistan, but
was ruled directly by political agents of the federal government of Pakistan. In 1963, Pakistan entered into a treaty with China to transfer part of the Gilgit Agency to China, (the Trans-Karakoram Tract), with the proviso that the settlement was subject to the final solution of the
Kashmir dispute.
The dissolution of the province of West Pakistan in 1970 was accompanied by change of the name of the Gilgit Agency to the Northern Areas. In 1974, the states of Hunza and Nagar and the independent valleys of Darel-Tangir, which had been de facto dependencies of Pakistan,
were also incorporated into the Northern Areas.22
Pakistan and India continue to dispute the sovereignty of the territories that had comprised the Gilgit Agency.On 29 August 2009, the Gilgit-Baltistan Empowerment and Self-Governance Order, 2009, waspassed by the Pakistani cabinet and later signed by
2121
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilgit 22
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilgit_Agency
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the President of Pakistan. The order granted self-rule to the people of the former Northern Areas, now renamed Gilgit-Baltistan, by creating, among other things, an elected legislative
assembly. There has been criticism and opposition to this move in Pakistan, India, and Gilgit-Baltistan.23
2.5. CATEGORIZATION OF HOUSING
23
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan
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2.6 SOCIAL MAPPING:
Gilgit is considered to be home to a number of diversified cultures, ethnic groups, languages and various backgrounds.
2.5.1. RELIGION
More than 97% of the population is Muslims belonging to Shia, Suni, Ismaili and other sects. On Religious basis, the major communities belong to Ahle – Tashee, Ahle- Sunnat and Ismaili
group. These communities exist in close proximity to each other. The religious tension in Gilgit has
crippled the whole area since 1988. Although these areas are culturally rich but law and order situation has badly damaged its tourism and economy as mostly populations‟ livelihood was
dependent on tourism. The city center is considered to be the highly charged area. More dire issue occurs in this area
during times of sectarian clashes. The area comes under immense strain due to the presence of Jama Masjid e Ahle Tashee and Jama Masjid e Ahle Sunnat. The two mosques facing each
other across the length of the polo ground becomes the center of violence during sectarian tensions in the city. (Refer to the City Center case study)
2.5.2. LANGUAGES SPOKEN The local languages of Gilgit Baltistan are Shina, Balti, Khowar, and Broshiski. Shina
language is dominant in Gilgit, district.
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3. INTRODUCTION TO THE CASE STUDIES
Objectives:
The objective of the surveys was:
1. To document the physical aspect of the cases areas identified.
2. To develop a better understanding of critical urban issues affecting slum dwellers and urban poor, including issues related to climate changes.
3. To identify the potential and constraints of the selected case study areas.
4. To identify disaster affected areas and to study existing condition of the selected areas for
revitalization of those areas.
Research Methodology:
The research has been supervised by Architect Fazal Noor and Architect Mariam Karrar. U.N-Habitat engaged the Department of Architecture and Planning, NED University of Engineering and Technology (DAP-NED UET), as a partner in this research through case study
documentation, analysis and design alternatives formulation.
The research was divided into 2 parts, namely, the physical and the social surveys and their analysis. The research team members Architect Affan Iqbal & Architect Aisha Rasheed of the NED UET conducted the physical surveys under the guidance of Architect Mariam Karrar at the
department and helped in tabulating the data. Information was gathered through; mapping, interviews, questionnaire surveys and photographic documentation. Data gathered was converted
in to tables and drawings which have been analyzed and tabulated as matrices by the NED UET team.
All analysis draws from primary research material.
About the Cases within region:
Based on the above criteria, 3 cases have been identified from Gilgit and its surrounding areas. The first case is taken from the city centre. This centre is the historic and commercial core of the
city.
The second case is a low income, mixed ethnic and sectarian settlement in the vicinity of the
main city centre of Gilgit City.
The third case is taken from the periphery. In this case the development and changes occurring in the Daniyor Plateau are under discussion.
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The physical, social and environmental changes have been identified in all the respective cases in detail in the following chapters.
PERIPHERY – DANIYOR is an agricultural land just outside the Gilgit city accessible
from the main Gilgit Road. The reason of choosing the case of Daniyor is because of its real estate value and increasing growth in population.
The issues identified were;
1. The change in land morphology and land use with the construction of KKH passing
through the area, thereby resulting in:
- Increase in commercial activity
- Congestion in the city center
- Rise in the land value.
2. The pull of the population from the Gilgit City towards Daniyor due to availability of
water and the construction of Karakorum Highway.
3. The changing ratio of built versus open land over the passage with time.
- Reduction of plot sizes with the passage of time.
CITY – MUJAHID COLONY is located at the northern bank of the Gilgit River. This
colony over the last ten years has been designated for low income housing by the local
government. The reason of choosing the case of Mujahid Colony is because of its mixed ethnic character along with grid layout.
Issues under discussion are;
1. Mixed community with limited sectarian clashes.
2. Lack of potable water for the residents.
3. Well maintained locality with secondary lanes cleaner than the primary lanes.
4. Problems resulting from landslide.
5. Proximity to city centre.
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INNER CITY – CITY CENTER is considered as the main historic and commercial hub of the city. This part of the city is considered to be a settlement from the British period,
based on the colonial style of nuclei planning.
Issues under discussion are; 1. Highly charged with sectarian clashes
2. Limited pedestrian access (unfriendly for pedestrians in terms of lack of footpaths,
unregulated vehicular traffic, and lack of shade)
3. Limited space for future expansion due to single lane road width.
4. Open and green spaces hidden behind high walls and commercial outlets
5. With the construction of the new RCC Bridge, the city centre activities will spill over
the North bank.
Case studies are analyzed and described based on complete physical documentation of the selected areas including observations of the use of space, and facilities available within the area (potential/constraints).
Page | 74
Major findings: Based on the physical documentation and observation is can be concluded that the environmental
conditions of city center are much better than any other area of the city. It is the commercial hub of the city.
This part of the city is considered to be a settlement from the British period, based on the colonial style of nuclei planning. The planning principles have been implemented adequately but the controls are weak which lead to dependency on cars and non utilized open spaces.
City center houses a variety of land uses ranging from retail to wholesale to residential to
institutional.
Introduction of recreational and entertainment facilities in the form of parks can lead to richer
social setups. The infrastructure of the locality is well. The road, SW disposal and sewerage drains are well maintained as compared to other localities of Gilgit. But the sewerage directly
falls into the Gilgit River without being treated or recycled which affects the environment of the city.
The area is considered as highly charged in terms of sectarian clashes. The city center has
important religious centers of the three communities. i.e. Jama Masjid e Ahle Tashee, Jama
Masjid e Ahle Sunnat and the Jamat Khana. The area comes under immense strain due to the
presence of Jama Masjid e Ahle Tashee and Jama Masjid e Ahle Sunnat. The two mosques
facing each other across the length of the polo ground becomes the center of violence during
sectarian tensions in the city.
Moreover, the area is unfriendly for pedestrians in terms of lack of footpaths, unregulated vehicular traffic, and lack of shade. The widths of the streets should be made more to avoid
future congestion and to promote future expansion. There is also conservation and urban morphological issues which need to be addressed and
stricter bylaws for conservation of heritage buildings and tress need to be implemented.
The second case study of Mujahid Colony is situated on the north bank of the city. The
settlement is developed by the government for low income group over the last 10 years along the Nomal Road. Unplanned residential area built on and around a hill following grid planning with back to back houses. The area suffers from lack of water supply which is the source of tension in the area.
The condition of the area is better in terms of SWM and drainage system. Since the area is built
on a hilly site therefore the natural slope helps the drainage of rain water. Like other areas of the city, there is a problem related to sewerage waste which is directly thrown to the Gilgit River
without being treated. Hence the area needs improvement in terms of providing recreational facilities which could be
developed in the leftover open plots being used as garbage dumps.
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Lastly the third case study Daniyor is an example of the peripheral settlements and is predominantly rich agricultural land with plots sizes demarcated according to the sizes of
personal holdings. The internal pressure of land sub-division over generations has overall reduced the extent of the agricultural land.
Based on the physical documentation and observation is can be concluded that the settlement has the potential to develop as a self sustaining housing scheme as it has a large number of
agricultural lands.
The fact that the settlement is embedded in agricultural land and there is a trend of the residents being engaged in urban farming is a big potential which can be explored and developed upon further to generate large scale environmental and economic benefits for the residents.
The need is to develop amenities and other recreational spaces in the area.
The case study areas have been faced by the improper distribution of civic facilities and amenities which needs to be focused upon. The major issue which should be solved on
immediate basis is the treatment of sewerage before flowing into the Gilgit River.
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4. Intervention Areas
a) MECHANISM/ RESPONSIBILITY:
On an official level the responsibility for constructing water supply schemes, hydro projects,
water channels, roads and other infrastructure services in the Gilgit-Baltistan lies with the NAPWD (Northern Areas Public Works Department). The department is also responsible for the
interventions being regulated, monitored and executed properly. A number of government and non-government organizations like the Northern Areas Public
Works Department (NAPWD) along with WWF-Pakistan, IUCN Pakistan, AKDN and MIES have been working in the field of infrastructure. Natural Resource Management (NRM) and a
number of studies and surveys in Gilgit-Baltistan have been conducted in the past. Despite some efforts to compile the existing information like the Northern Areas Strategy for Sustainable Development (NASSD), there is still a need for scanning through the data available, compiling it
and putting it in one place so that future NRM interventions are made easier and successful. 24
Various government and non-governmental organisations implementing and donor agencies working in the Region include:
- National Rural Support Program, NESPAK,
- Aga Khan Development Network: Aga Khan Rural Support Program AKRSP, Aga Khan
Planning and Building Services Pakistan (AKPBSP), Aga Khan Cultural Services
Pakistan (AKCSP) , Aga Khan Education Services Pakistan (AKESP), Aga Khan Health
Services (AKHS)
- United Nations: UNICEF, UNDP, UN Habitat, WHO
- International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
- World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
- World Bank
- Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
- Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)
b) IMPLEMENTING AGENCY:
i. NAPWD
Northern Areas Public Works Department (NAPWD) is the main government organization that is responsible for providing and monitoring infrastructure services in GB. Within Gilgit, it is
mainly involved in construction of roads, public buildings, and construction of power supply stations (hydro power, thermal).
24
http://www.wwfpak.org/nap/dnap_introduction_rationalestudy.php
Page | 77
However, the aforementioned working areas, the environmental impacts have not been considered seriously due to lake of awareness, resources and time constraints. In addition to this
NAPWD is also responsible to construct and maintain drinking water supply systems, unfortunately due to lake of resources (both financial and skills) quantity and quality of drinking
water in urban settlements doesn‟t match with WHO standards set for developing countries. 25
ii. Municipalities
Municipalities are primarily political institutions at grass root levels and are involved directly to
maintain urban environment. Five municipalities are functional at the moment in districts headquarters of GB. According to Local Bodies and Rural Development Department (LB&RDD), municipal committees are responsible to carry out all kinds of development works
in their respective jurisdiction vis-à-vis other service utilities i.e. water supply, electricity, MSW management, town planning, enforcement of laws regarding building and constructions.
However, in GB due to financial and human resources especially technical staff all municipal committees in GB are currently responsible only for keeping cleanliness, solid waste management, and traffic laws in main urban settlements of GB.26
iii. Non Governmental Agencies (NGO’s)
Aga Khan Development Network – AKDN
AKDN has been in the region for almost twenty years (since 1982) and is recognized internationally as a community based organization with the mission to alleviate poverty through promoting sustainable livelihoods, health, education and conservation practices in the mountain
communities.
As the region moves from being extremely underdeveloped and traditional to being more modern and relatively more developed, the strategic objective of the program is to develop human resources and institutional capacities that will allow the people of the program area to better
manage this process of change.
AKDN → ● AKRSP ● AKPBSP → BACIP, WASEP
● AKES
● AKHS
AKRSP, AKPBSP, AKHS and AKHS fall under AKDN which is a broader network for the development of cities.
AKRSP has fostered a network of almost 4000 local organizations where men and women have an opportunity to participate in a range of collective development initiatives. These activities are
25
IUCN Report on Urban Environment | By Haider Raza | 2003 | Pg. 15 26
IUCN Report on Urban Environment | By Haider Raza | 2003 | Pg. 15
Page | 78
related to constructing and maintaining infrastructure, managing natural resources and asset creation.
Health, education and conservation efforts are supported by government and Aga Khan Health
Services, Aga Khan Education Services, and Aga Khan Trust for Culture.
BACIP/ WASEP: The Building and Construction Improvement Program (BACIP), and Water
and Sanitation Extension Program (WASEP) operating in Gilgit-Baltistan of Pakistan, is a project under the Aga Khan planning and Building Services, Pakistan (AKPBSP).
The objective of the Building and Construction Improvement Program (BACIP) has been to make sustainable improvements in their living conditions through improved technologies.
Some of the technologies developed for home improvement range from:
BACIP stove – to reduce smoke from the stove in the interiors of the house.
Skylights – to bring in sunlight, especially during harsh winters
Double glazed windows – to bring in sunlight, especially during harsh winters
Seismic construction – development of manuals to improve strength and quality of
construction in local building technology. These constructions technologies are designed
to make buildings seismically resistant.
WASEP was initiated with the aim of providing integrated water supply infrastructure services to local communities and to help prevent water related diseases though improved hygiene and
sanitation practices.
Development of community capacity in design and maintenance of these services is a key element of WASEP‟s integrated approach. . This should not only allow them to optimize their investment in built-environment-related aspects but also result in improving their quality of life.
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1. LAND AND HOUSING
i. Present situation:
In Gilgit City, there are no defined rules as per settlement, therefore pattern is mostly unplanned,
scattered, semi-scattered and congested depending upon the availability and contouring of land. Households are constructed in clusters in the basin of the mountains and or near river banks,
because of mainly two reasons a) easy accesses to available water sources and b) form where they can use natural resources at a maximize level both in winter and summer.
Various households formed clusters known as Mohallas based on ethnical religious or sometimes tribe formation. Household size varies region to region, depending upon the prevailing
economical, cultural and religious norms of that particular area. Construction design and material also varies depending upon the prevailing climatic, economical
and environmental situations as well as availability of local material and absence of basic infrastructure. Earthen blocks and wood are the main construction material due to sever winters
and high cost of stone cutting or its unavailability, In some conditions, where economical conditions permit, stone is fairly available as compared to soil and then stones are used as a construction material.
In Gilgit City, major portion of the land is community own land or private land. The plot sizes
vary from one another. The size of residential plots ranges from ten Marlas to 2 kanals although a small fraction of population has constructed households in 3-5 kanals. There are two kind of constructions i.e., formal and Informal. The informal are those which have no rights, and lay in
the form of a katchi abadi. One of the major issues with informal settlements is water availability. Water rights are available to natives only. The societies are mostly introverted.
(IUCN)27 The real estate value of land is different with respect to different areas. The prices have reached
their peak value and now almost constant in areas of inner city i.e., old city and other city areas like Jutial. The price of 1 Kanal plot is expected to be 50 lac Rupees in Jutial. In case of
periphery, the real estate value is not constant. It is increasing day by day. 28 Therefore the urban growth is putting pressure on the agricultural land. With increase price of
land value and increase in population growth (2.74%) over time the agricultural land is being consumed by rapid construction. Moreover, limited building strength and technology is forcing
people to spread horizontally instead of vertically. District Inner city Main City Periphery
Gilgit City Old City Jutial (2005) Danyor (2011) Danyor
27
IUCN Report on Urban Environment | By Haider Raza | 2003 28
Physical Survey Conducted in Gilgit City by NED Tea m | April 2011
Page | 80
I Kanal Plot 40 Lac 50 Lac 15 Lac 20 Lac
Table 25: Land price of 1 kanal plot in inner city, main city and periphery
Better education, health facilities, and broader job opportunities both for skilled and unskilled
labors, are the main encouraging factors for rural population to migrate in the city. These migrated people mostly belong to Skardu, Hunza, Swat and NWFP The city is completely
occupied at western side till Basin. The only Available land for expansion is at Eastern side.
ii. Present Support
The Aga Khan Planning and Building Services under BACIP has developed housing construction methods that are low-cost, seismic-resistant, and energy- and resource-efficient.
BACIP engineers work to create stable building materials for traditional stone, so il block and cement block constructions. The work uses low-cost wire mesh technology specially designed
for Pakistani homes. There is also an emphasis on replacing traditional roofs which are made of a large amount of timber and clay and which can be very dangerous when they collapse, with lightweight roof beams. 29
29 Article on Building and Construction Improvement Program in Pakistan by BACIP
Figure 38: BACIP low cost construction method for a house
Page | 81
iii. Intervention
In order to reduce the foot print of the constructed areas, the construction quality and technology should be strong enough to go for vertical construction.
Page | 82
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2. WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION
2.1. Water supply:
i. Present situation
Glaciers and seasonal snow deposits are the principal sources of all flowing water in Gilgit
City. The melted water enters streams called nullahs, which subsequently ingress in rivers. There are two rivers in Gilgit vicinity, named as Gilgit and Hunza River. The channels which subsequently ingress in Gilgit and Hunza River are of 2-4 feet wide and of similar depth.30
A large number of small ravines emerge from various glaciers, springs and lakes that
eventually mix in these rivers. Seasonal variations create significant effect on the discharge of primary rivers resulting in significant decrease in the discharge flow in peak winter seasons. The flow is greatest from July to September, when snow melts in the mountains, while
southwest as well as northern monsoon brings torrential rain resulting in land sliding, high flood levels and increase in the turbidity of water.31
In areas where no pipeline exited, nearby households‟ fetch water for domestic consumption. The surplus water in the channels generally discharges into the river flowing in the valley
bottom. In villages the activities like washing clothes, utensils and foodstuff is undertaken along the channel edge.
In Gilgit, there are five drinking water supply complex, which are situated in the south of Gilgit, charged by two water channels built around 30 years ago. For population living in the
north side of the Gilgit, main source of water for piped water delivery system is river. However in the some parts of Gilgit town, dug wells are also in used for drinking purposes.
Socio-economic survey conducted in 1994 by government of Pakistan revealed that 92% of the households in Gilgit have piped connections. Urban Area 1998 Population after 10
years Population after 20 Years
Water Demand after 10
years(Gal)
Water Demand after 20
years(Gal)
Gilgit City 56,701 72,350 92,365 1.125444 1.436789
Table 26: Gilgit city population and projected water demands
The drinking water supply complexes in Gilgit City are as follow. Burmus water supply complex, Majini Mohalla, Gilgit
Jutial, water lift system Sonikot
Jutial, lift water supply complex (Zulfiqar Colony)
Water supply complex Danyore Chikas, Choke Area
Gilgit City filtration plants i.e., APC (Aquatic Plant Control) Filtration Plant and
DHQH (District Headquarter) Filtration Plant.
30
http://www.horizon-guesthouse.com/HGHGilgit.html | Gilgit info 31
IUCN Report on Urban Environment | By Haider Raza | 2003
Page | 84
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2.2.SEWERAGE SYSTEM
i. Present situation
Owing to rapid socio-economic development almost every households in urban settlements have pour-flash latrines. Due to lack of any proper sewerage system on-site disposal (sock-
pits) of sewage is a common practice. The settlements which are along the river have open drains running along the side of the streets, and ends up in the river without any treatment. 32 Area No of Villages covered
for sanitation facilities
Population
Covered
No. of Pour Flush
latrines completed
No. of Sanitation
and Hygiene Workers trained
Gilgit 16 15631 1131 99
Table 27: Gilgit villages sanitation related statistics
ii. Present Support for Water and Sanitation
In most urban areas water delivery systems have been around since the early 1980s but there
has been a problem of continuity and quantity of water supplied to the homes. Water demand depends on the socio-economic status of the population, its density, the quality of raw water
available and so on Because of interventions by NGOs and the government the situation with water supply has improved over the years. Over the last two decades many government and non-government organizations have been involved in water supply and development
schemes. Below is presented a summary of their work supplied by WASEP. 33
Table 28: Major government and non-government water supply schemes in Northern
Areas and Chitral by 2001 – a summary
WASEP was initiated in 1997 with the aim of providing integrated water supply infrastructure services to local communities and to help prevent water related disease s though
improved hygiene and sanitation practices. Development of community capacity in design and maintenance of these services is a key element of WASEP‟s integrated approach.
Communities also take the responsibility of the operation & maintenance of the scheme, as
32
IUCN Report on Urban Environment | By Haider Raza | 2003 33
http://www.wwfpak.org/nap/dnap_freshwater_schemes_currentsituation.php
Page | 86
well as contribute to a fund for salaries of community scheme based operators, health monitors, and spare parts. 34
NESPAK has proposed two water supply proposals NESPak proposal (1970‟s, 1980‟s) that could be revitalized to improve the existing conditions of water supply in the town. (The
drawings and other information is attached in the appendices)
iii. Intervention
To avail the natural resource of water, and drainage in order to develop an integrated water
and sanitation scheme at the city and community level.
2.3. MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL (SWM)
i. Present situation
Gilgit being the largest city of GB faces more solid waste related problems than other
cities within the region. A strategy is proposed to tackle this growing problem with emphasis on institutional strengthening of the
line departments, making SWM financially sustainable and raising awareness among the
general public, so that they can assist the Municipal Corporation.
The solid waste is collected with the help of Municipal tractor trolleys and transferred to
the dumping site behind Karakorum
International University (KIU). In main town
areas where provision of dustbins are available (mostly in bazaar areas) people dispose of wastes in these dustbins. In Gilgit City households situated along the water channels dispose off their garbage directly into nearby
water channels.
According to a survey conducted by IUCNP the average MSW generation (estimated) in Gilgit town is around 0.4 kg of waste per person per day. According to IUCNP survey conducted in 1998 the estimated MSW generation only in Gilgit town is around 70- 80 tons
per day.35
Municipal Corporation is short of capital, manpower, and indispensable equipment such as collection vehicles. Lack of monetary assets, the existing infrastructure cannot be maintained, skilled professionals cannot be hired, and equipment and other necessary procurements
cannot be made.
34
http://www.akdn.org/akpbs_pakistan.asp iibid
Figure 39: View of a garbage dump inside a housing colony
Page | 87
Table 29: Gilgit city population and power consumption /person/day
Projected population and estimated MSW generation after 10 and 20 years is as follow.
Urban
Area
Population
1998
MSW
Generation Tons
Population
after 10 Years
MSW
Generation Tons
Population
after 20 years
MSW
Generation Tons
Gilgit City
56,701 23 72350 29 92365 36
Table 30: Gilgit city existing and proposed population and power consumption
/person/day
ii. Interventions:
- Invigorate solid waste recycling at neighborhood level.
- Identifying collection points for solid waste.
- Set – up recycling plant near the dumping site.
- Raising awareness by encouraging use of recyclable goods / materials for amiable
environment and discouraging use of the goods materials that are hazardous to
environment.
2.4.DRAINAGE SYSTEM
i. Present situation
The settlements either urban or rural are situated on slope of the valleys towards river. Every urban settlement has a
network of roadside sanitary drains downtown area constructed by NAPWD, and is being maintained by MCs. These kinds of drains could also be observed alongside
KKH constructed by Frontier Works Organization (FWO).
These drains are not constructed for grey water effluent from the households but instead are basically for roads to collect storm water. The household drains in mohallahs or
cluster of mohallahs are collected in katcha – paka drains constructed by self-help basis by the inhabitants or by
members of MCs. Frequent blockage and over flowing of all kinds of drains
whether roadside drains or drains for collection of household waste water could be observed due to common
practice of garbage being thrown in these drains by the
inhabitants or due to improper maintenance. This drainage water is used for irrigation of fields as well at various
District Urban Area Population MSW Generation (in tons) @
0.4 Kg/person/day
Gilgit Gilgit City 56,701 23
Figure 40: Condition of drainage line along
the road
Page | 88
locations whilst, surplus water is naturally disposed off in nearby rivers or streams without treatment – thus polluting the fresh water bodies. It is worth mentioning that in Gilgit City
two big water channels constructed in ancient time now becomes open sewers but the most alarming thing is that these two water channels i.e., Jutial Nala and Konudas Nala are the
major source of drinking water complexes for Gilgit town.
Page | 89
Page | 90
ii. interventions:
- On a neighborhood and household level, linking up the sewerage waste for agriculture / urban farming.
- On a city level, create a reservoir for vegetation. - Before entering the river, the drainage channels should be collected at one point for
sewage treatment before discharging into the river water. (Case study AKRSP, Hunza)
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3. ENERGY
i. Present situation
In Gilgit, surface water is abundant and there
is good potential of hydropower generation. At the moment there are 80 power stations (hydro and thermal) functional in five
districts of NA. The capacity of these power stations is 43 MW, partially fulfilling the
requirement of 45% of the total population of NA. The current electricity demand only in Gilgit town is estimated as 24 MW@ 1.25
KW per household whereas present hydropower generation is 8 MW only in
summer and only 2.7 MW in winters.36 (IUCN)
District Current Demand Current Production Difference
Summer Winter Summer Winter
Gilgit 24.0 8.00 2.70 8.00 13.30
Table 31: Gilgit city current demand for electricity and its production statistics
Source: (NAPWD) It is worth mentioning that above electricity demand has been calculated only on household
bases. If small scale industries and commercial consumption like hotels, restaurants taken into account that this figure might be doubled. In winter season the consumption of electricity is doubled in urban areas due as majority of the people living in urban areas use electricity for
heating, cooking and other domestic facilities like warming water etc. In summer season electricity consumption also increases as due to increase in the commercial purposes like hotels,
small industries and even in shops where refrigerators are used for cooling down the cold drinks. Similarly in household the use of refrigerator is a common practice nowadays and almost every fifth household has this facility.
ii. Present Support:
Mountain Infrastructure & Engineering Services abbreviated as MIES is a Consulting Engineering firm based in Gilgit with its head office at Al-Sabah Chowk SoniKot. During the
period of association with AKRSP, the MIES Company, then called MIES section, has been developing feasibility reports, designed and supervised construction of different kinds of
Infrastructure projects funded by international donors e.g. DFID, GTZ, CIDA, NORAD,
36
IUCN Report on Urban Environment | By Haider Raza | 2003
Figure 41: View of a Hydropower plant
Page | 92
OXFAM, Japan Embassy, Australian Embassy, AKF and PPAF etc. in the Northern Areas of Pakistan.37
37
Report by Mountain Infrastructure related to its project
Page | 93
38
38
Hydal Potential in Pakistan by Power & Infrastructure board
Fig
ure
42:
Map
sh
ow
ing p
roje
cts
in o
per
ati
on
in
Nort
her
n A
reas
Page | 94
iii. Intervention
To avail the natural resources of water, gradient and pressure in order to develop hydro power
units.
4. TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT
i. Present Situation:
Based on the physical survey of different areas of Gilgit City, it seems that
currently, there are as such no congestion issues, as the existing number
of vehicles can be easily accommodate in the existing road network. However, it may not fulfill the requirements in the
near future as the population of the area is rapidly growing with annual growth
rate of 2.56%. There are three major roads namely
River View Road, University Road, Shaheed-e- Millat Road which links east
part of the city to the west. Similarly, there are six bridges that link north part to south across the Gilgit River.
Considering the city center of Gilgit town, the streets in the market are accessible by vehicles and are in the form of U shapes or courtyards. The minimum street width observed was 20 feet and the maximum street width was 35 feet, which allows vehicular and pedestrian access though
there are no formally designed footpaths in internal streets. The parking of cars on either side of the streets reduces the width of streets but doesn‟t give a sense of compactness due to low profile
of surrounding structures. People can get access to public transport that includes Cart, wagons, Suzuki wagon and taxis from the informal stand locally termed as “adda” near the market. Streets of city center are completely active during day time.
Considering the residential areas of Gilgit, they are usually along the primary roads. The widths
of the internal road are 10-20 ft on average. The secondary and tertiary roads are in the form of katcha road and pacca road. The maximum street width observed to be 20 ft. that is of secondary roads allows vehicular and pedestrian access though there are no formally designed footpaths.
The internal streets are completely pedestrian in nature. Their width varies from 8 to 10 ft.
Based on the observations, the absence of street furniture i.e. designed footpaths weakens the pedestrian linkages. The public transport also seems to be limited in terms of its quantity and accessibility.
Figure 43: View of a road
Page | 95
ii. Interventions:
The transport system can be made more effective through following interventions.
To design bus route in three phrases
- Public transport includes private taxis, vans and datsun pickups
- Design public stops on important nodes.
- Linking public transport with pedestrian routes.
- Creating one way traffic flows in the commercial area, thereby, decongesting the city
center.
Page | 96
Figure 44: Map showing bigger loop- Public transport
Figure 45: Map Showing Smaller Loop – Public Transport
Page | 97
5. URBAN HORTICULTURE
i. Present situation
Cultivation in the GB is dominated by the
production of cereal crops, fruits, vegetables and fodders. Table presents a summary of agricultural land-use in the
Northern Areas in 2001. In that year, the area under cereals amounted to some
52,837 ha, with Diamir, Baltistan and Gilgit Districts accounting for over 76 per cent of the total. The area under fruits was
estimated to be 12,056 ha; Gilgit District was the most important fruit producing area, accounting for over 38 per cent of the
total. The area under fodder production
amounted to 47,558 ha, with Gilgit District again accounting for over 39 per cent of the total. Vegetable production amounted to 10,638 ha.39
District Area under Cereals
(ha)
Area under Fruits
(ha)
Area under Vegetables
(ha)
Area under Fodders
(ha)
Gilgit 10,194 4,602 3,232 18,741
Table 32: Gilgit district farmlands area
In urban areas of Gilgit district, major trend that is found in residential areas is that there is a Kitchen Garden in each unit where different crops are cultivated. People use to keep live stock
animals like cow, goat and hens in their houses. The predominant agricultural areas are now slowly being transformed. The internal pressure of
land sub-division over generations has overall reduced the extent of the agricultural land. Plot sizes of the agriculture land have reduced along with increase in the built structures, housing
cattle and residences units for family. Since all construction that takes place on ground only, any additional construction that takes place encroaches over the agricultural land.
39
State Of Environment & Development | IUCN Pakistan, 2003 | Scott Perkin | Pg. 25
Figure 46: View of agricultural land
Page | 98
Table 33: Gilgit district farmlands and livestock land utilization
Issues and trends
Agriculture and food security within the Northern Areas are confronted by a number of important issues and constraints, including:
Lack of cultivable land;
Lack of awareness about improved agricultural management practices;
Lack of quality seeds;
Crop diseases and insect pests;
Poor storage and processing;
Weak marketing and poor access to markets;
Weak extension services;
Insufficient access to micro-credit;
Insufficient public sector investment and insufficient
Involvement of the private sector;
Insufficient and inappropriate research.
ii. Present Support:
Government Line Departments
The key government line department involved in cultivation in the Gilgit-Baltistan is the
Department of Agriculture. It is responsible for providing extension services fo r the development of crops, forage, fruits and vegetables.
The department operates 47 fruit nurseries and nine seed farms. The production of fruit tree seedlings is relatively low, however, and is currently estimated to be only 150,000 plants per
year. Seedling quality is also reported to be variable, and as a result, the plants are difficult to sell to farmers, in spite of widespread demand. Seed production is also low and has proven to be
Page | 99
insufficient to ensure the effective dissemination of new varieties to farmers. With the assistance of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), four green houses, a number of screen houses
and a tissue culture laboratory have been established at Gilgit for the production of virus-free, pre-basic, potato mini-tubers. Production is at a level of about 30 tones of pre-basic seed per
year. This seed is then multiplied by private seed companies under contractual arrangements with farmers located in the disease-free, higher altitude zones.
Extension activities are largely focused upon the provision of training in pre- and post-harvesting techniques to farmers. There are no training facilities or pre-service training programs for
departmental staff in the Northern Areas. Non-Governmental Organizations:
The Aga Khan Rural Support Program is actively involved in agricultural development in the
four districts of Gilgit, Baltistan, Ghanche and Ghizar, and in the subdivision of Astore (Diamir District). At the end of 1995, AKRSP had established some 1,950 Village Organizations in its area of operation. Approximately 73 per cent of the total rural population is actively engaged in
AKRSP programs.
AKRSP‟s agricultural activities have focused upon the dissemination of improved crop technology, the promotion of forage and fodder production, horticultural development, and animal production and health. The main thrust of this model is to organize village groups, assess
their needs on a participation-response basis and provide the required services through AKRSP staff, thus by-passing the various line departments. This approach has proven to be very effective
but has raised concerns about long-term sustainability.
Agricultural Research Institutions
The Karakoram Agricultural Research Institute for the Northern Areas (KARINA) is part of the Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC). Established in 1984, it is the only research
institute currently located in the Northern Areas.
KARINA is located in Juglot Sai (near Gilgit), and has three substations in Chilas, Astore and Skardu. The Institute has a staff of 13 researchers working in the fields of agronomy, fodder crops, cereals, pulses, fruit crops and vegetables.40
iii. Interventions:
There is a deficiency of a body or a platform in the area which can gather all the research and knowledge related to all the fields. Providing such platform in the form of a Networking Cell
would be helpful for improvement of various aspects.
- Gathering Information and Resources between various Government and Non-
Government Organizations.
40
State Of Environment & Development | IUCN Pakistan, 2003 | Scott Perkin
Page | 100
- Providing a platform for sharing of knowledge and basis for its development.
- Integration of water, sanitation, waste disposal with the urban horticulture.
The sewerage waste on neighborhood and household level would be linked up for
agriculture and urban farming. The drainage channels would be collected at one point before entering the river and treated before discharging into the river water. The treated
waste water would also be used for irrigation of farmlands which will result in improving the economy of the city.
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5. IMPACT ANALYSIS
An integrated approach is required between all the proposed intervention areas. The overall aim of the below described proposals is to improve the urban environment and quality of life of the
resident and visiting population.
1. LAND AND HOUSING
1.1 In order to reduce the foot print of the constructed areas, the construction quality
and technology should be able to be strong enough to uphold vertical construction.
Based on the trend of increase land prices, and horizontal expansion of the built structures, it is
suggested that technology should be developed to promote vertical growth of the structures. The impact of intervention is going to increase availability of land for cultivation and agriculture
output. This is going to have a direct impact on environment and reduce the overall pollution and carbon footprint of the area.
Meanwhile, it will have an indirect impact on urban poverty. Fruits and vegetables are available for free of cost to the residents, along with reducing the cost of marketing and transportation of
food items from agricultural fields to the market places, overall reducing the cost vegetables and fruits. Meanwhile, the surplus produce can be used to get cash.
2. WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION
2.1 To avail the natural resource of water, and drainage in order to develop an integrated
water and sanitation scheme at the city and community level.
The general trend within Gilgit City is that sewerage from the households is directly being discarded in the fresh water. This is polluting the river water consequently, contaminating the drinking water as well. It is projected that with increase in population growth and
industrialization, contamination of the water will increase to an unsustainable level. As a result this will directly affect the human, and livestock population and overall ecology of the region.
Treatment of household grey water at the household and mohalla level will overall reduce the infrastructure and management cost of water and sanita tion at the city level. Meanwhile, the
same waste water can be used for home grown cultivation. The household waste being rich in nutrients of the plants can act as fertilizer for the home grown vegetation. Thereby, resulting in
better produce and yield that will have a direct impact on urban poverty. Meanwhile, the reduced contamination of the river water will have a direct impact on health and
hygiene of the overall city. Containment of waste will also have a direct impact on the environment of the area.
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3. MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL (SWM)
3.1 Invigorate solid waste recycling at neighborhood level.
3.2 Set – up recycling plant near the dumping site.
3.3 Raising awareness by encouraging use of recyclable goods / materials for amiable
environme nt and discouraging use of materials that are hazardous to environment.
Solid waste is not a noticeable component in Gilgit City. Due to limited consumer oriented
lifestyle, the solid waste produced per person is contained to 0.4 kg. This is added by an efficient municipal system that constantly checks the upkeep of the city. The solid waste on regular
intervals is picked up from the city centre and neighbourhoods and dumped at the dumping site next to the University.
As per the above mentioned proposal, it is suggested that the solid waste should be sorted and recycled. It is hoped that this proposal will have a direct impact on the environment and
indirectly the income generated and job opportunities from the recycling industry will have a positive impact on the economy and hence alleviate urban poverty of the area.
4. DRAINAGE SYSTEM
4.1 On a neighborhood and household level, linking up the sewerage waste for
agriculture / urban farming.
4.2 On a city level, create a reservoir for vegetation.
4.3 Before entering the river, the drainage channels should be collected at one point for
sewage treatment before discharging into the river water. (Case study AKRSP,
Hunza)
The drainage system needs to be integrated with water and sanitation system. For impact analysis refer to water supply and sanitation proposal.
5. ENERGY
5.1 To avail the natural resource of water, gradient and pressure in order to develop
hydro power units. (Case study AKRSP, Hunza)
The province of Gilgit-Baltistan is the ideal location for hydro power production with
abundance of water, and steep gradients. Gilgit is already being supplied electricity through 80 Hydro and thermal power plants. The AKRSP is already developing hydro
power units at the village level. They are cases in Hunza valley where village is exporting electricity and using the surplus for village development activity.
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In the same league it is suggested that development of hydro power plants at community level can have a direct impact on energy efficiency and sustainability. It may also lead to
a boost in economic generation through exporting of electricity.
6. TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT
6.1 The transport system can be made more effective through following interventions.
- Design public stops on important nodes.
- Linking public transport with pedestrian routes.
- Creating one way traffic flows in the commercial area, thereby, decongesting the
city centre.
To design a transport system for Gilgit a three phrase approach has been suggested
An
overall transport network plan has been suggested based on the compactness of the city, making it potentially a walk able city in the backdrop of scenic beauty of the surrounding context. Gilgit is longitudinally spread over 5 kilometres and 2 kilometres across. A public transport system is
suggested along with integration of pedestrian routes. This compact city transport proposal is aiming to have a direct positive impact on the urban
environment and ecology. The integration of public transport system will aim to create a more efficient and user friendly approach, that will decrease the congestion in the city centre. It is hoped that this will add to the cities potential as a tourist destination, thereby also indirectly
impact on the economy of the area.
7. URBAN HORTICULTURE
7.1 Integration of water, sanitation, waste disposal with the urban horticulture.
7.2 The sewerage waste on neighborhood and household level would be linked up for
agriculture and urban farming. The drainage channels would be collected at one
point before entering the river and treated before discharging into the river water.
The treated waste water would also be used for irrigation of farmlands which will
result in improving the economy of the city.
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It is suggested that the water, sanitation, drainage should be integrated with urban horticulture and farming. The direct impact of this would have a positive effect on the ecology, environment,
and overall health of the city.
Last but not the least, the enhanced quality of the environment will have a positive impact on user friendliness and increase the cities potential as a tourist destination. This will eventually have a positive effect on the economy.
8. KNOWLEDGE SHARING
8.1 Gathering Information and Resources between various Government and Non-
Government Organizations.
8.2 Providing a platform for sharing of knowledge and basis for its development.
There is a deficiency of a body or a platform in the area which can gather all the research and knowledge related to all the fields. Providing such platform in the form of a „Networking Cell‟
would be helpful for improvement and dissemination of effective and good practices.
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS- GILGIT CITY
A Socio Economic Survey was conducted in Gilgit city in the year 2011 as part of the “Sustainable
Urbanization” component within the Joint Program on Environment (JP-E4), which envisions building
capacity to provide an effective and sustained improvement in urban poor living conditions, including
urban issues relating to climate change. As part of this program 3770 Socio-Economic questionnaires
were filled in Gilgit City. The questionnaires were divided over the City, Inner city and Peripheral
localities within Gilgit City. The data collected from these questionnaires was then tabulated and
analyzed. Following are the major findings of the socio-economic survey for Gilgit city. These have been
categorized according to the sub heads used in the questionnaire.
House Hold Characteristics
A total of 3783 respondents were interviewed out of a population of ---- in Gilgit City. The cross section of the socio-economic analysis is based on a sample survey that has been carried out in the inner city, city and periphery of the city. The distribution of the sample survey is based on the respective density of the population found in the city. Of the total sample population it was found 48% of the household members were under the age of 25, while only 9% of the population was found to be under the age of 50%. Surprisingly 32% were under 16. This creates a large portion of the population that is dependents. Even though the majority of the population (32%) cited above is under the marriageable age (under 16), yet, it is noted that a surprising number of people are still unmarried. This trend can indicate towards a higher education, a sign of economic growth and upward social mobility. After evaluation of the trends in different parts of the city; it seems that a similar trend is visible throughout. However, slight deviations of 5% increase in the unmarried status is indicative between the inner city that is more urban than the periphery which can be bending towards the rural culture. The total percentage of literate people out of the sample population comes up to 78%. However, it is interesting to note that only 1% of the population claimed to be unable to read or write. The rest of the respondents gave no response. If we sum up the percentage of literate people than it overall comes to 79% literate in the inner city, 83% in the city, 74% in the periphery. However, a rising trend of education can be deduced with 33% of the population attending primary school as compared to 31% in the inner city and 30% is seen in the periphery. Almost all the respondents have received education through the conventional schooling system, except for a negligible number from the madarsah in the periphery area. 63% of the population has recorded to be unemployed according to the survey. The largest numbers of people employed were in the Government and the Private sector followed by teaching. Interestingly, only 1 percent of the population is in the agriculture sector. It seems that more people seem to be employed in the service sector economy. 45% of the population are employed within Gilgit city and the greater city region. Out of which 35% are working within the city centre. 4% of the resident population are working in the bigger cities of Pakistan.
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Most of the residents are working within the inner city and the city centre (a total of 80%) while 23% (?) of the population is working in the periphery region. If we plot the places of work on the map, it seems that most of the work places seem to be east of the city centre. Average monthly income of a household (number of members?). The household comprises of ---- individuals, the average income of the household is Rupees 36840. It is obvious from the figures that most of the high income group resides in the city area. (Refer to table 5 and 6) from the table it is also indicative that 46% of the city residents are under the 30,000+ category. However, the surprising aspect is that within this income category 63% of the residents are said to come under the unemployed category. (Refer to table 5) 7% of the monthly income comes under the minimum wage Rs 7500. The rest 42% lie in the between the 10,000 and 30,000 rupees category. Out of the entire population only 25% of the population uses any form of motorised vehicle. Meanwhile, it is interesting to note that 35% of the population is unable to comprehend or even give an answer to the stated question. 40 % of the respondents walk, indicative of the compact nature of the city. Since the periphery is at a considerable distance from the city centre, there is a slight increase of use of vehicular transportation. Overall it can be deduced that most people tend to live near their places of work. Another important indicator from the table is next to the pedestrian linkages, is the use of contract buses to transport passengers. All these indicators verify the need of developing pedestrian linkages within the city and to connect the outer limits of the city with the city centre through a public transport system. The daily travelling cost does not correspond with the mode of transportation used by the residents (as indicated in the table 8: Travel Mode). It could be that the idea of spending money on travel is not a major expense amongst the residents of Gilgit. This is indicated by 76% of no responses by the sample survey.
Mother Tongue
96% of the respondents belong to the local ethnicity (33% Brushaski, and 58% Shina speaking, Khuwar 3% and Wakhi 2%). The only language spoken outside the Northern Areas is Pashto (2%). Similarly this trend seems to be constant throughout the city. However a slight increase in present in the periphery area as compared to the inner city area. It is probable that the inner city is attracting migrant from the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa for trade and commerce.
Period of Residence
Most of the population as started is residing in their homes for more than 36 years (35%). However, it is worth noting that 20% of the population has recently occupied their places of residence, indicative towards a shift in demographics within the city.
Household Expenditure and Savings
Overall, only 22% of the population is spending less than Rs 5000 on food, is indicative either of the poverty level or the fact that this number of people are leading a subsistence life i.e. growing their own food.
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However, a sizable income is being spent of food, thereby indicating a trend towards a cash economy. There is no information that will help deduce a co-relation between the monthly expenditure and the household income. If one compares spending of a household between the scale of Rs 0 - Rs 5000, the spending on food (67%) education (76%), utility (90%), and, health (92%) is in the progressive order. The overall spending on health can be indicative of issues related to the quality of built environment, water, sanitation and hygiene related issues. If one looks within the 0-5000 bracket then the spending on utility and power seems comparatively more in the inner city as compared to the city and the periphery region. However, within the Rs 5000 – Rs 7000 bracket, relatively more is spent in the periphery compared to the inner city (3%) and the city (6%). It is interesting to note that the cost of utilities (average 2%) hardly exceeds the Rs 75000 mark. It is an interesting point to note that an average population of 49% of the sample population is spending monthly Rs 1000 – Rs 5000 on the education of children. Meanwhile overall 67% of the population is spending between Rs 1000 to above 10,000 on the children‟s education. Even though the percentage of school going age is high, even then this shows the awareness of the importance of education and the tendency towards upward social mobility. As mentioned earlier, percentage wise a large health seems to be the major expense in Gilgit city. It is even more surprising since a large part of the population is still young and should presumably with little health problems. The number of people is spending money on the health facilities. If one looks at the overall picture an average of 49% of the population is spending between Rs 1000 to Rs 5000 every month of health related expenses.
The overall house rent or maintenance lies within Rs 10,000 bracket. However, it is difficult to deduce whether the money spent is on rent or on maintenance.
Housing Characteristics
Nonetheless, based on the sample questionnaire, it can be assumed that at least 33% of the population live in their owned houses. We can cross check this fact with the Period of Residence (Table 11) which says that up to 35% of the population has been living in their places of residence for more than 36 years. This trend of living in owned homes is more obvious towards the periphery area (51%) and considerably lower towards the main city centre (11%). This is indicative towards a sizable number of migrant population or population that is based elsewhere and coming towards the city for trade or work.
A sizable percentage (49%) of the population is spending less then Rs 1000 on entertainment. However, 24% of the population is spending between Rs 1000 to Rs 5000 on social and entertainment expenses.
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This trend is more evident in the main city area (30%). Meanwhile, it gets less towards the main city centre (16%), with (20%) in the city centre.
This table corresponds with the Daily Travel Mode (Table 8), Travel Time (8A), and Travel Time per Trip (Table 9). Generally it can be said that 25 % are paying between Rs 1000 – Rs 10,000 at a household level for travelling. The rest 75% are paying less than then Rs 1000 per month.
Based on the survey 30% of the respondents are practise saving. This trend is similar with slight deviation throughout the city. Most of the household saving is less than Rs 2000 (31%), which is most evident in the periphery areas (47%), compared to the city (33%) and inner city (12%). Meanwhile a further 29% of the savers are saving between Rs 2000 - 5000. This time more savings are occurring within the city (33%) compared to the periphery (31%) and the inner city (20%). According to Table 21, as per the intended reason for saving, education comes first, with (47%) of those who are saving. The second on the list is marriage (32%) followed by house construction (25%) and debt serving (23%). The trend in this approach seems to be similar in all the areas within the city.
This analysis of this table is in continuation with the Period of Residence Table 11 and Home Rent and Maintenance Table 16. However, according to the above table 72% of property is owned, while only 27% is rented. This trend is more obvious in the periphery area where 96% of the property is owned compared to the inner city (63%) and the city (61%).
According to table 23, most of the houses on an average consists of the 3 (30%) to 4 (24%) rooms. However, the general trend is that houses with same or number of rooms are found more on the periphery areas as compared to the city and inner city areas. Meanwhile, based on the findings of Table 24, the houses tend to sprawl horizontally then vertically. With only 11% of the houses consist of ground plus 1while predominantly 87% of the houses are spread over the ground floor. It is also important to note that within the 11% of ground plus 1 construction; most of it is situated within the inner city and the city area. Table 25 shows the variation of plot sizes within the Gilgit city. Based on the figures it can be deduced that there are no fixed type or sizes found in the city. Overall there is a higher concentration or trend of plot sizes. Although larger plot sizes of 10 marlas and above seem to be more concentrated towards the periphery areas. The type of planning is around the courtyard houses. The open private areas within the houses. Majority of the houses 84% have courtyards while only 12% do not.
Overall, there is a rising trend in the construction of concrete and RCC technology within the city. However, this trend is more obvious in the inner city areas (43%) and the city (41%) as compared to the periphery (18%).
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Even though the material of construction is overall drastically changing from stone and rubble (27%) to concrete blocks (70%), yet it is interesting to note that with change in material the change in structure is not so obvious. For example, overall, 43% of the houses are still opting for the load bearing structures as compared to the 35% of the RCC structures. Moreover, overall, 51% of the structures still have wooden roofs. However, this type of roofing is more evident in the periphery (69%) as compared to the inner city (49%) and city (42%). Generally, it can be said that even though resources and material are being used are most recent, yet the structure doesn‟t have the capacity to hold super structure, thereby resulting in more horizontal sprawl (87%) that vertical growth (11%).
The latrine (87%) and kitchen (84%) construction technology is indicative towards a developed infrastructure. The other reason for this is the extreme weather conditions of Gilgit- Baltistan.
The two dominant assets owned by majority of the residents of Gilgit seem to the TV (82%) and cell phone (91%). Apart from that it is even more interesting to note that very few people actually own any form of vehicle for transportation. The ownership are as cars (17%), Jeep van (7%), motorcycle (15%), bicycle (6%). This trend is evident throughout the different areas of the city. However, one of the biggest anomalies out of the list of assets is that 72% percent of the respondents have ownership of washing machines. This trend is more or less present throughout the various areas of the city.
Utilities available in the area
Generally it can be said that water related infrastructure is sufficient. 87% of the respondents claimed to have sufficient water for domestic consumption. This water is being supplied by piped system (81%). A small percentage (6%) of the respondents get water supplied through water tanks. However, what is worth noting is that (72%) of the respondents felt that the water supplied was not fit for human consumption. Even though majority of the respondents felt that the water was not good enough for drinking purposes, nonetheless, 73% of the population do not perform any kind of processing to improve the water quality. Only 16% of the respondents boil water, while 5% filter water, and another 5% use other cleaning techniques. The quality of water can be correlated with the health expenditure amongst the respondents.
Overall the respondents show a general un-satisfaction with the operation and maintenance within the city. Amongst the responses, 14% out of the total still feel satisfaction with the O and M performed by the government municipality. Little input is identified by the community related organisations (overall 13% input documented). 78% of the respondents state that the sewerage waste is directly discharged through open drains. However, this trend is more evident in the inner city and city area (86% and 88% respectively). The
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sewerage system of the city goes directly in the river water, adding to the overall contamination of fresh river water. Eventually leading to health and hygiene related issues for the resident population. In the periphery area, since the river is at a considerable height from the resident population, an equal % of the waste is disposed off in the septic tanks (46%).
Sufficient disposal of garbage is an issue within the city. Most of the garbage is rid of in open plots either near the source or at designated disposal sites. Out of which the garbage is either burned or shifted to the designated municipal dumping sites. The municipal collection is 28% compared to the self initiated dumping at 62%.
As indicated almost all (99%) electricity is supplied by the government developed facility (WAPDA).
Road infrastructure seems to be lacking in terms of metalled roads. Most of the roads (as stated in the table) are kacha or un-metalled. However, this can also be looked in relation to the limited vehicular movement within the city.
Overall, all the respondents have accessibility to the basic needs of health, education, recreation and market facilities. It is worth mentioning that education, either in the form of school or madarsa (97% each respectively) are the most available of all the services in the city. This is indicative of the demand for education that is reciprocated by its supply.
Issues Related to Housing and Development Preferences
It is worth noting that poor sanitary conditions (77%) seem to be the most important aspect within issues related to housing. This is followed by threat of seismic activity (68%). The seismically weak structures can be further categorized by poor construction quality (51%) within the structures. The primary issues identified are bad quality of water (68%) followed by poor sanitary conditions (52%). Similarly, the development preference stated by the residents indicates towards infrastructure development. Predominantly clean drinking water seems to be a major is a major need amongst 54 % of the respondents; this is followed by issues related to drainage and sewage system (27%), and quality of construction of the roads (24%). Reason for health and education (21%) could be since there already exists an infrastructure for these two facilities in Gilgit city.
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APPENDIX 01
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CASE STUDY # 1:
INNER CITY - CITY CENTER
Physical Description (Location\Context):
The city center of Gilgit is considered as the main commercial hub of the city as it
contains the large number of shops. This part of the city is considered to be a settlement
from the British period, based on the colonial style of nuclei planning. It acts as the
nucleus of the city which is generated by the intersection of the Shaheed Millat Road
(running parallel to the Southern Mountain Ridge) and the Raja Bazaar Road.
Figure 47: Map showing major roads of Gilgit city and the case study area # 01
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The overall description of the case study on the city center will be explained into four
parts:
1. The historical nuclei of the city.
2. The shift of the nuclei.
3. Linkage with the historical neighborhood.
4. The proposed link to the north bank through the construction of the new RCC Bridge.
The Historical Nuclei of the City: Colonial Period Planning
This part of the city is considered to be a settlement from the British period, based on the
colonial style of nuclei planning. The nucleus is generated by the intersection of the
Shaheed Millat Road (running parallel to the Southern Mountain Ridge) and the Raja
Bazaar Road (Refer to Map no.--). This intersection is marked by the presence of the
British Cemetery on the plan of the area. On the opposite side of the cemetery is the Aga
Khan Polo Ground, along with the existence of the Masjid e Ahle Tashee and Masjid e
Ahle Sunnat on the respective length of the polo ground.
The extent of the Raja Bazaar Road starts from the British Cemetery and goes up to the
intersection of the Gilgit Pull Road in the east. The extent of this road is approximately
1360‟ or 0.42 km. The north of Raja Bazaar Road is also linked with the north bank of
the city through the link road known as Gilgit Pul Road.
The street facade on both sides of the 40‟ wide Raja Bazaar Road is dominated by 15 to
25 feet wide shop fronts (with the depth of 30 ft). While the open spaces like polo ground
and cemetery are hidden from the main road. The shops are selling a variety of goods that
include textile, shoes, bags, kitchen utensils and spices. Most of the textile, shoes and
crockery are mainly imported from China. On both sides of the road, random cars are
parked that belong to the shop owners and area residents. Sometimes, hand carts
encroach the road, however, on a temporary basis.
The narrow width of the road, can lead to congestion at times, with little or no
infrastructure for pedestrians. This creates problems for the pedestrian movement on the
road.
More dire issue occurs in this area during times of sectarian clashes. The city center
comes under immense strain due to the presence of Masjid e Ahle Tashee and Masjid e
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Ahle Sunnat. The two mosques facing each other across the length of the polo ground
becomes the center of violence during sectarian tensions in the city.
The Shift of the Nuclei: NLI Market
The commercial core of the city center seems to have shifted towards the east at the
intersection of the Saddar Bazaar Road and Babar Road. This intersection is marked by
the NLI (Northern Light Infantry Regiment) Market. The name of this area has been kept
keeping in mind the name of the infantry that fought in the independence of the Kargil
war.
The Raja Bazaar Road extends towards the east and is referred as the Saddar Road (after
the Gilgit Pul Road intersection). This road then diverges into a fork intersection marked
by a stone clock tower and an old maple tree. Because of the presence of the clock tower,
this intersection is also referred to as Ghari Chowk.
From this intersection the road that continues in the east west direction is referred as NLI
road, linking the NLI market to the airport. Meanwhile, the north-south road is referred to
as Baber road which is expected to extend on to the north bank of the Gilgit River after
completion of RCC Bridge.
There is another important node as we move towards the south from the intersection. This
node is known as NLI Chowk marked by a traffic island followed by an entrance portal
marking the limits of the market on either ends. The street profile of NLI market is
majorly consists of G+ 1 structure, with the exception of the office building that is G+ 4.
Figure 48: Picture showing entrance of NLI (Northern Light Infantry
Regiment) Market Figure 49: picture showing Ghari
Chowk
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The ground plus 4 office building consisting of offices for transport companies, mobile
phones companies, traders. The NLI road is 40 ft wide with the presence of infrastructure
consisting of street lights and footpath.
The NLI market is designed in a mix of U shaped blocks and double loaded corridor
aligned perpendicular to the main NLI Road. The shops are a mix of ground and ground
plus one marked by series of 15 to 25 feet shop fronts. The U shaped plan exists on the
north side of the road with 65 by 150 feet of open space in the middle also used as
parking plaza.
These shops are related to jewelry, stone
and gems, crockery, textile and traveler
bags. The NLI market mostly consists of
goods that are brought in from China.
There are however, shops that house
textiles brought in from down south of the
country along with a few local handicraft
shops.
There are number of cooperate banks in
NLI market. On the south of the node, there is a Jamat Khana Bazaar. It mostly
comprises 15 to 20 feet wide shops that are selling daily use items i.e., bakery, general
store, vegetable, fruits and meat.
The linkage with the historical neighborhood:
The commercial center is linked to the old town situated parallel to the Shaheed-e-Millat
Road. (Map) The old town is situated in between the southern mountainous range and
shaheed millat road. It is linked to the city center through Khasanna road and Jamat
Figure 50: picture showing NLI road Figure 51: Picture showing G+4 Commercial
building
Figure 52: View of NLI market
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Khana road along a north-south axis.
Overall the old town consists of three
neighbourhoods: Nagaral Colony in the
south and Majini Mohallah and Haider
Pura on east side.
The Nagaral Colony has the oldest polo
ground in the city.41 The polo ground has
an interesting morphology as it is located
away from the main Shaheed-e-Millat
Road and completely surrounded with old
residential settlements.
The houses are made up of stones, sand and straw. The secondary and tertiary lanes
within the settlement are not aligned. The area has basic infrastructure but in poor
condition. The streets are maintained and clean, paved with stones and compacted earth.
Drainage lines are open and end up in the river without treatment. The theft of electricity
is a common issue in an area.
Future Expansion: Link to the north bank through the construction of the new RCC
bridge
The city center is linked to the new
settlement that is constructed ten years
ago. It has old town on the south and
Mujahid Colony on the North, i.e., on the
opposite side of Gilgit River. The case
study area is linked to the northern bank of
the Gilgit River through Gilgit Pul that
intersects Rajah Bazaar Road at one side
and Nomal Road on another side. The
approx length of this link road will be 800
ft.
However, the under constructed extension of Babar Road in the form of New RCC
Bridge will become an important link between the two areas as it will connect nucleus of
the town to the North bank of the city.
41
The favorite sport in Gilgit is polo which local folks claim originated here. It's more rugged, free-style version
than the sedate variety known in the plains.
Figure 53: View of condition of Nagaral colony
Figure 54: Construction of a new RCC bridge to link to
the north bank
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PLANNING MATRICES OF CITY CENTER:
Indicators Approximate
Date
Planning layout Zoning Dominating
Planning Feature
Important
Landmarks
Linkages to the
significant
neighboring
settlements
The city centre of Gilgit
Colonial period planning with
post colonial additive land use. (Need to verify
through source)
Nuclear Planning. Converging of
Raja Bazaar Road and Shaheed e Millat Road. River
view road running parallel to the
main city centre.
Mixed use. Including
commercial outlets, administration, public and religious
buildings
Shaheed e Millat Road is following
the mountain ridge line on the south. While Raja Bazaar
is intersecting the Shaheed e Millat
Road at the “Nucleus‟ (Gilgit Master Plan, 1977)
Aga Khan Polo Ground, Masjid
Ahle Tashi and Masjid Ahle Sunni Jammat
Linked to old city via Shaheed
e Millat Road. The old city constitutes of old
residential settlements
around the Old Polo Ground
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Fig
ure
55: M
ap s
how
ing L
anduse
of
the
Cas
e st
udy a
rea
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The amenities found in the area of the city center include:
o Hospital: The area has the main district hospital known as DHQ Hospital. It is
located along the main Hospital road just before the commercial hub started. It is off-
centrally located in the area. It is the only government hospital in Gilgit, other five
hospitals are civil.
o Educational Institutions: A government girls‟ college is located along the Khassana
Road, which later intersect the Shaheed-e-millat road. The students from this school
belong to the residents of old town including Nagral colony and Majini Mohalla. The
department of Directorate of Education is also located in the same area, on the
intersection of Jamat Khana Road and Saddar Bazaar Road, opposite to NLI Market.
o Private\ Government Organistions: The Government sectors also have keen interest
in the development of the area. However, there is no Gilgit Development Authority to
look after these matters. (Shigri, 2011)
o Open spaces: The map of city center shows a number of vacant/open spaces. These
open spaces are in the form of Polo Ground, graveyard, or green patches. There are
two polo grounds in the area. One is the Agha Khan Polo Ground, opposite to the
British Cemetry. Another is located in old town of Nagral Colony and surrounded
with residential settlements. There is also large number of green patches. However,
with the growth of the city these patches are converting into constructed land.
o Important Features: The city center has important religious centers of the three
communities. i.e., Jama Masjid e Ahle Tashee, Jama Masjid e Ahle Sunnat and the
Jamat Khana. The area comes under immense strain due to the presence of Jama
Masjid e Ahle Tashee and Jama Masjid e Ahle Sunnat. The two mosques facing each
other across the length of the polo ground becomes the center of violence dur ing
sectarian tensions in the city.
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Fig
ure
56: M
ap s
how
ing A
men
itie
s of
the
Cas
e st
udy a
rea
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Activities in and around the Streets
In the area of city center, there are different markets in which most Prominent is the
NLI Market. There are two nucleuses in the City center; one is generated by the
intersection of the Shaheed Millat Road (running parallel to the Southern Mountain
Ridge) and the Raja Bazaar Road. This intersection is marked by the presence of the
British Cemetery on the plan of the area. Another important node is east at the
intersection of the Saddar Bazaar Road and Babar Road. This intersection is marked
by the NLI (Northern Light Infantry Regiment) Market. It served as the main
commercial hub to the city. The residents of Gilgit are dependent on this bazaar for all
their needs. The Raja Bazaar road is 40‟ wide. The street facade on both sides is
dominated by 15 to 25 feet wide shop fronts (with the depth of 30 ft). It is encroached
with random parked cars due to which its width is reduced to 30 ft. Sometimes, hand
carts also encroaches the road, however, on a temporary basis. Another major road is
the Babar road which intersects main Saddar Bazaar Road and lies on north south
axis. Its width is 30 feet. The Raja Bazaar road is mainly used by the truck and other
loaders to carry good from and to the market and go-downs. The roads in the Bazaar
area are metalled and paved.
Internally, the streets in the market are accessible by vehicles and are in the form of U
shapes or courtyards. The minimum street width observed was 20 ft. and the
maximum street width was 35 feet, which allows vehicular and pedestrian access
though there are no formally designed footpaths in internal streets. The parking of
cars on either side of the streets reduces the width of streets but doesn‟t give a sense
of compactness due to low profile of surrounding structures.
People can get access to public transport that includes hand pushed carts, wagons,
Suzuki wagons and taxis from the informal stand locally termed as “Adda” near the
market. It is located near NLI chowk. Streets of city center are completely active
during day time.
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CONDITION OF STREETS:
Indicators Major / Minor Streets
Modes of Transportations
Street Facade Street Widths Street Maintenance Presence of Vegetation/Animals
Major Street: Raja
Bazaar and Shaheed e Millat. Minor Street: Name
of minor streets to be verifies and inserted
Suzuki pickup,
cars, taxis, motor bikes, 4 wheel drives, hand carts,
along with few horse drawn carts.
Ground and
ground plus one with a mix of 15‟ to 25‟ front
shops.
Raja Bazaar:
40‟wide, single lane two way road.
Shaheed e Millat: 30‟ wide,
single lane two way road.
Open drains, with
random cars parked on the road side. The street does not seem
to have any encroachment with
little or no solid waste on the street.
Pedestrian movement restrained due to lack
of foot paths; however, due to light vehicular traffic it is
possible to walk along the street.
Presence of old maple
tree as a marker of the street. However compared to the rest
of the city it is sparsely vegetated.
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Open Spaces and their Use:
The areas of Nagaral Colony and Majini Mohalla are the oldest towns in Gilgit and
have secondary lanes converging of Raja Bazaar Road and Shaheed e Millat Road.
The commercial area and the residential area, both have breathing spaces between the
structures. These breathing spaces are in the form of U shaped parking lots, or green
patches, polo ground, graveyards, farms or a vacant land in residential area.
In residential areas, vacant lands or streets are used by the children for playing
activities. The sizes of vacant plots vary from one another and can also be developed
as small community parks. It is obvious from the research that there is only one park
available in Gilgit city known as Chinar Bagh.
Infrastructure:
Water Supply:
Water supply in this area is not an issue. The water is supplied to the residents
through Gilgit River which is treated through different filtration plants.
Sewerage:
The sewerage waste of the area is directly being dumped in the River at various points
along the river.
Electricity:
Electricity is generated through hydro power. The two hydro electricity plants are
situated along the Kargah Nalla and the Konodas Nalla. Due to shortage of spring
water in the winter‟s electricity short fall is primarily witnessed during the winter.
Fuel:
Due to the inaccessible terrain, it is not possible to provide Gilgit City with the gas
line. However, LPG cylinders are imported from Rawalpindi on a regular basis. Other
forms of fuel generations are fire wood and in case of availability of electricity,
electric stoves are also used.
Telephone:
Communication system is also well equipped in the area. Telephone service providers
are Special Communication Organization (SCO) & Pakistan Telecom Company
Limited (PTCL) and the leading mobile network. (Ufone, Mobilink, Telenor, Warid
and Zong).
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Significance of the City Center:
It is the commercial hub for the Gilgit-Baltistan Province and Gilgit City.
This is the commercial centre that consists of shops selling textile, shoes, bags,
kitchen utensils and spices.
The Gilgit District Headquarter Hospital is located in this area that is used to cater all
Gilgit citizens.
This part of the city has historical value that belongs to the era British Era. The
extension of the centre is home to the Gilgit Cantonment.
Gilgit Bazaar has no income based demarcation with respect to prices, although it has
different cluster with respect to specialized items.
People can get access to public transport that includes cart, wagons, Suzuki wagons,
and taxis easily from the market area.
Repercussions of Urban Pressure:
The historic maple trees from the British era are being are being cut down to
accommodate new roads and construction.
The existing width of the streets will be insufficient in the near future, as the number
of cars is increasing day by day.
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Indicators Electricity Gas
Water Sewage/
Drainage
Telephone Solid Waste
Area of Case Study Theft of
electricity is common. Load shading
occurs for 8 to 12 hours
The use of LPG
gas is through cylinders. The gas
cylinders are available in
abundance from Rawalpindi through local
suppliers.
Water is
supplied to the area residents through Gilgit
river treated with different
filtration plants.
Open drains
are passing through lanes and end up in
Gilgit river.
Communication
system is well equipped in the area. Telephone service
providers are Special Communication
Organization (SCO) & Pakistan Telecom Company Limited
(PTCL) and the leading mobile
network. (Ufone, Mobilink, Telenor, Warid and Zong).
Waste is
collected with the help of tractor trolleys
and transferred to the dumping
site behind Karakorum International
University (KIU).
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Real Estate and Land Value:
The city center has shops of different sizes. These shops usually have 15 to 25 ft wide
shop fronts with 30 ft depth. The plot size of residential plots ranges from ten marlas
to 2 kanals although a small fraction of population have constructed households in 3-5
kanals. The prices have reached their peak value in this area and almost constant now.
The real estate value in this area for 1 kanal plot is equal to 40 lacs.
Condition of Building/Houses:
The city center has different type of constructions. The market area has usually G+ 1
buildings that are made up of RCC, with plastered walls. There are few buildings that
are made up of stone or earth blocks. On the other hand, in residential area, the houses
are made up of stones, sand and straw. The secondary and tertiary lanes within the
settlement are not aligned. The area has basic infrastructure but in poor condition. The
streets are maintained and clean, and paved with stones and compacted earth.
Social Set Up:
Main bazaar area is an interactive space for the entire city. Currently, most of the
people use the space in front of their shops, courtyards and the overall streets for
socializing.
Street is preferred by almost all the shopkeepers as an immediate open space and its
use is much higher .The reason for this space use and preference is that people feel
sense of security and belonging to their respective streets where everyone is known to
them.
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CASE # 2:
CITY – MUJAHID COLONY
Physical Description (Location\Context):
Mujahid Colony is situated on the
north bank of the city. The settlement
is developed by the government for
low income group over the last 10
years along the Nomal Road. This road
is also known as University Road and
is one of the major roads on the north
bank of Gilgit River, as it connects the
east part to the University and Daniyor
in the west. It is laid on a steep slope;
where flat land is hardly available. It
consists of people of mixed ethnicities
coming from the GB region as well as
Khyber Pukhtunkhwa as well as far as Afghanistan.
Figure 59: Map showing major roads and location of case study area no 2
Figure 58: View of Mujahid colony
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Planning and Morphology:
Mujahid Colony is located at the northern bank of the Gilgit River, along the
University Road. The dominating feature in the area is the old police settlement laid
on grid planning along the University Road. The same grid pattern is then repeated in
the rest of the Colony. The houses are arranged in grid system with secondary road
running from south to north wide enough for vehicular access, while pedestrian lanes
run from east to west.
The area follows the line of the northern mountainous ridge on one side and the Gilgit
River on the other side.
Land use
As far as land use is concern, the area is purely
residential in nature. The commercial strip is limited
to the major corridor, Nomal Road. Majority of the
houses are Ground or G+1. The amenities are
provided within the area vicinity on secondary roads.
Figure 60: Morphology of the area
Figure 61: View of a street
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Link to the City Center:
The case study area is located adjacent to the city center. Mujahid Colony is linked to
city center through Gilgit Pul Road that intersects Nomal Road at one side and Raja
Bazaar road on another side. Therefore, people of Mujahid Colony have easy access
to the hub for livelihood and other purposes. The under constructed extension of
Babar Road in the form of the new RCC Bridge will also become an important link
between the two areas as it will connect nucleus of the town to the North bank of the
city. The Extension of Babar road will intersect Nomal Road on the other side. The
approx length of this link road will be 800 feet.
Konudas Nalla
Konudas Nalla is use to supply drinking water to surrounding areas. Water is stored in
the reservoir from Gilgit River and after treatment, and then drains into Konudas
Nalla. The Mujahid Colony has certain legal rights issues due to which the residents
get useable water for only half an hour daily.
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Indicators Approximate Date Planning layout Zoning Dominating
Planning Feature
Important
Landmarks
Important
Linkages
Area of Case
Study Newly Constructed
within ten years by the local Government.
Grid pattern, laid
parallel to the Nomal Road, following Ridge
of mountainous range on North
side.
Majorly it‟s a
residential area, including amenities
Masajids, Jamat Khana, and
Schools. There are chief court and Supreme Affiliated
court on the opposite side of
Nomal Road.
The settlement
follows the grid pattern of the planned amenities
belong to armed forces along the
Nomal Road.
Police ground
which is used as the play ground for the
settlement. Chief court /
Supreme Affiliated court.
The Gilgit pull
links this area to the City center. Another
under construction
bridge „Garhi Bagh Pull‟ will also link it to
the same area.
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The amenities found in the area of Mujahid Colony include:
o Residential Units: Kitchen gardening is found in most houses for daily use of
vegetables and fruits. Live stock like cow, goat and chickes are also usually found in
individual houses.
o Religious Institutions: Mujahid Colony has different small masjids which belongs
to Ahl e Sunnat community. The prominent mosque in this area is the Ahl e Sunnat
Masjid in the area is Dar-ul Irfan Masjid. It is located near centre in the area. There is
also a central Konudas Jamat Khana for Ahl e Tashee community.
o Educational Institutions: There are different madrassas in the area which are also
serving as p schools. One of the prominent madrassas in the area is Nasrat-ul-Uloom
and Orphan Madrassa. Beside these, there is F.G Girls school for primary education.
Similarly, other small Institutions are also located within the locality. A Bagrot Hostel
for boys is also located on main Nomal Road.
o Health Centers: There is no government or private health centers, clinics or hospitals
in Mujahid Colony.
o Commercial Area: Small commercial belt in the form of small shop is present on
Nomal Road, which is a daily needs grocery shops serving the residents of the area.
o Recreational Centers: There is a police ground along the Nomal Road which is used
by the community for playing activities. It has an area of approx. 4.5 acres.
o Regulatory Institutions: The Chief Court and the Supreme Affiliated Court of Gilgit
Baltistan are located in this area along the River side of Nomal Road.
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Activities in and around the Streets
The area of Mujahid Colony, is along the major primary road i.e. Nomal Road which
is connecting Konudas to the outskirt areas mainly Daniyor. It is majorly used for
two major Functions. First, it is highly used by the residents of Mujahid Colony as it
is the only primary road that passes through the area and links it to rest of the Gilgit.
Secondly, this road is used by the residents of the Gilgit to approach Karakorum
international University. The width of this road is 30 ft. wide. The secondary and
tertiary roads are in the form of katcha road and pacca road. The maximum street
width observed was 20 feet which allows vehicular and pedestrian access though there
are no formally designed footpaths. The internal streets are completely pedestrian in
nature. Their width varies from 8 to 10 ft.
People can get access to transport facilities like taxis and private cars i.e. which are
majorly available on primary road i.e. Nomal Road and few secondary roads. Streets
of Mujahid Colony are active in day timings and evenings. As mentioned previously,
it‟s a multi ethnic colony; therefore it has no sectarian clashes.
Maintenance of the lanes:
The internal street widths of area are 10 to 15 feet. The streets
are unpaved. At the intersection of secondary and pedestrian
lanes, IF there is any open space available, it usually turned
into Garbage dump space. This is because of lack of
ownership of these open spaces. If there would be a sense of
ownership for the whole area. There would be no such garbage
heaps in the lanes that affects the overall hygiene of the area.
Other important problem for an area is running water in open
drainage lines passing through the lanes and ends up in Gilgit
River without treatment. These drainage lines should be
covered.
Figure 2: View of garbage
dump along the street
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CONDITION OF STREETS:
Indicators Major / Minor Streets Modes of Transportations
Street Facade Street Widths Street Maintenance
Presence of Vegetation/Animals
Area of Case Study
Major street: Nomal Road. Minor Road: secondary
roads passing through the area from south to north.
Car and Taxi can access the area through secondary
roads. Internal movement
is pedestrian or possible with motorbikes.
Majorly structures are Ground. Few of
them are G+1. This includes
Jamat khana, Masajids and court area.
Nomal Road is 40‟ wide Secondary roads
are 10 – 15 ft wide and have
vehicular access.
Open drains, Little or no solid waste on the
street. The street does not seem to
have any encroachment. The street does
not have any foot path; however,
due to light vehicular movement it is
possible to walk along the street.
The area has number of livestock and green patches. People
have farmlands with the vicinity of their
houses.
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A Few Observations Regarding Mujahid Colony
The traffic flow is almost negligible in this colony. Further, available traffic is mostly
limited to main Nomal Road; therefore it keeps the internal area free of traffic
congestion, air pollution and noise pollution.
Open pathways with grid planning allow natural light and air circulation.
Due to multi-ethnic behavior of colony, the area remain save from sectarian violence.
Water is a major issue in this area. According to law, water rights are limited to
natives only. Therefore, residents have to buy water for their daily use.
No public transport like wagons or buses serves the area keeping in mind that the area
has low income settlement. People without cars have to walk large distances to get on
a public transport.
The area of Mujahid Colony is along the flood way therefore this area is subjected to
a threat of land sliding and water shed zone.
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Open spaces and their Use:
The major active zone in Mujahid Colony is the police ground adjacent to 40‟ wide
Nomal Road. It is the most active open space in the Colony used for sports like
cricket and football. It has an area of approx. 4.5 acres. These facilities are exclusively
for men as the local culture does not allow women to take up such activities.
Within the colony, there are few
vacant plots in the cluster of houses,
which, due to the sense of non-
ownership, are in poor condition and
got turned into heaps of garbage.
These left over vacant, open and
barren land in the area have potential
to be developed and planned as
recreational spaces or supporting
amenities like health facilities.
Beside this, open\ green spaces are
present in the form of an open area
within the housing boundaries used
for kitchen farming.
Real Estate and Land Value:
Mujahid Colony is the only residential colony located along the northern bank of the
Gilgit River and has been developed by the government as a low income settlement.
House sizes varies from 5 Marla to10 Marla. A house having two rooms, two
washrooms and a Kitchen would be rented for 2500 – 2600 Rs per month.
There are small scale commercial outlets like small shops proximity to the residences
which is catering daily needs of inhabitants.
Figure 66: View of open spaces inside the area
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Indicators Electricity Gas
Water Sewage/Drainage Telephone Solid Waste
Area of Case
Study Theft of Electricity is
common. Load shading occurs in
alternate days.
The use of gas Is through cylinders.
The gas cylinders are available in abundance from
Rawalpindi through local
suppliers.
Water is first collected in the
Konudas reservoir at top of the mountain
and then supplied to the
area residents.
Open drains are passing through
lanes and end up in Gilgit river.
Communication system is well equipped in the
area. Service Providers are Special Communication
Organization (SCO) & Pakistan Telecom
Company Limited (PTCL) and the leading mobile network. (Ufone,
Mobilink, Telenor, Warid and Zong).
Waste is collected with
the help of tractor trolleys and transferred
to the dumping site behind
Korakoram International University
(KIU).
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Condition of Houses:
The arrangement of houses happened to be in cluster format back to back and attached
with other in a grid pattern. They are made up of various materials like RCC, with
plastered walls, stones, concrete blocks or earth blocks. Peoples are using vernacular
material and techniques to build their houses themselves depending upon the status of
their income group.
Courtyard house plans, with kitchen gardens
Majority of houses in the area are
Ground or G+1 and have typical
house plans. All houses are
constructed around a courtyard, used
to grow fruits and vegetables along
with rearing of domestic animals.
The house size varies 10 to 15 Marla.
Each unit is consisting of a visitor‟s
room, private bedroom s, toilets and a
kitchen constructed around an open
courtyard. The drawing room and
bedroom are constructed as separate
blocks.
Social Set Up:
In Mujahid Colony, Mostly single family is living in one house which compromises
of four to six persons. The male to female ratio in the area is almost equal. This shows
a trend towards nuclear family setups and individual family housing (as average
number of families per plot is not more than 1).
As mentioned previously, it‟s a multi ethnic colony; therefore it has no sectarian
clashes. People prefer socializing behavior with each other. There is a Police ground
along the Nomal Road which is used by the community.
Most of the women stay home for the larger part of the day and are involved in daily
chores. Women face problems with regards to recreation and communal spaces
because there are no such separate areas for them.
Figure 67: View of a house of the area
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Infrastructure:
Water Supply:
One of the major issues related to the case study area is related to supply of portable
water. Although, Konudas Nalla is passing through the area but the residents have no
rights to use its water. The government line supplies water for only half an hour daily.
Because of this, people have to buy tankers which cost 800 Rs for one week. For
domestic use like washing clothes, people access the Gilgit River.
Electricity/ Fuel/ Telephone/ Sewerage:
Similar to that of the main city center.
Land Sliding:
Another issue is related to land sliding. Since the settlement is situated in the base of
the mountain, the settlement faces land sliding and rock falls during heavy rains and
seismic disturbances.
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CASE # 3:
PERIPHERY - DANIYOR
Physical Description (Location\Context):
Daniyor Plateau is a fertile area to the east of River Hunza and the north of Gilgit River. The
name of this area is kept after the Daniyor Nalla a source of water supply for agriculture and
potable water for areas on either side of the Nalla. It is predominantly rich agricultural land
with plots sizes demarcated according to the sizes of personal holdings. Daniyor is
predominantly agricultural land, with a city center at the crossing of the Gilgit Road and the
Karakorum Highway.
This predominantly agricultural area is now slowly being transformed. The internal pressure
of land sub-division over generations has overall reduced the extent of the agricultural land.
Plot sizes of the agriculture land have reduced along with foot print of built structures, and
resident units for family. Since all construction that takes place on ground only, any
additional construction that takes place encroaches over the agricultural land.
Figure 68: Map showing major roads and location of the case study area no 3
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Apart from the internal pressure, the improved linkages in the form of the two bridges na mely
the Daniyore Pull and Suspension Bridge, between Gilgit City (along Nomal Raod) and
Daniyor has opened the way for further expansion towards the Daniyor side. Reason being
that up till now Daniyor has been self sufficient in water supply whereby areas around Gilgit
have been suffering from lack of portable water supply.
It is also expected that the construction of KKH (by 2012) passing through the city center will
act as magnet of commercial activity in the area. Consequently, the land value and prices will
go up, making Daniyor an important point along the Karakorum Highway.
Overall it can be said that with the proximity of the facilities in Gilgit Town, the Univeristy,
and the availability of water, Daniyor tends to show indication of future urban hub for the
city of Gilgit.
Figure 69: View of Daniyor Pul and suspension brigde
Figure 70: View of Gilgit River Figure 71: View of internal streets of the area
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PLANNING MATRICES OF DANIYOR
Indicators Approximate Date Planning layout Dominating Planning
Feature
Important
Landmarks
Important
Linkages
Peripheral area Daniyor
The traces of settlement belong to 20th century. Initially,
the settlement was limited to Chikaskot
and later spread out towards Do darya.
Agricultural land with field demarcation following the natural
contour of land. The houses are
constructed within the demarcated fields. Daniyor market is the
central node of activity, with the
proposed Karakorum highway passing through it.
Daniyor Nalla acts as a water supply for settlements
(Sultanabad, Daniyor) on either side of the
Nalla. Therefore, agricultural fields dominate either side of
the Nalla.
Do darya where River Hunza and Gilgit River meet up.
Daniyor Nalla acts as an irrigation canal for
the area. Daniyor Market that becomes the central
node along the proposed KKH.
Daniyor Pull linking the Daniyor to Nomal Raod.
Daniyor links to rest of the city via Danyour Pull
Bridge that joins KKH to Nomal
Road over River Hunza.
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The amenities found in the area of Daniyor include:
o Religious Institutions: Daniyor has Jamia Masjid which is along the central node
known as Daniyor Market. There are different Graveyards like Shangot Graveyard
and Sultanabad Graveyard. The remarkable Chinese Cemetery is also situated in
Daniyor along the main Karakorum Highway. It houses graveyards of Chinese
Engineers and labor who passed away during the construction of the Karakorum
Highway.
o Educational Institutions: There are large numbers of Primary schools like Shaheen
Model School for Boys and Colleges like Global Higher Secondary school and
College etc along the main Gilgit Road.
o Health Centers: There is no hospital (private or government) in Daniyor. However,
small scale clinics and Health centers belong to NGOs are available.
o Commercial area: A small commercial hub along the intersection of Karakoram
Highway and Gilgit Road is available to cater basic needs of the residents of Daniyor.
This commercial hub is known as Daniyor Market or Baig Market.
o Private\Government Organisations: Many of the NGO‟s are working for the
development of Daniyor i.e. AKRSP (Aga Khan Rural Support Programmme),
AKESP (Aga Education Support Programme).
o Recreational Centers: Daniyor Plain is a fertile plateau located to the east of River
Hunza. For recreational, there is Daniyor Polo Ground which is used by the residents
to play their tradition game along with a Karakorum Highway Memeorial.
o Important Features: Do Darya is located in the west of Daniyor. It is a point where
the two Rivers, Gilgit River and Hunza River merge up with each other.
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The Activities in and Around the Streets:
There are two important and major road passed through the center of this area i.e.
Karakoram Highway which connects Gilgit to rest of Pakistan on one side and to
China on other end, and Gilgit Road, which connects Daniyor to the Gilgit City. The
Karakoram Highway was massively used to transport goods between China and Gilgit
but got destroyed due to floods of 2009. The width of Karakoram highway is _ feet
wide. The secondary and tertiary roads are mostly in between the agricultural lands
and are in the form of katcha road. The maximum street width observed was 15 ft.
and the minimum street width was 8 feet, which allows vehicular and pedestrian
access though there are no formally designed roads. It is predominantly open land,
with cultivation on either side of the road.
Public transport or private cars are less in number in this area. People can get access
to public transport i.e. taxis, only from main roads i.e. Karakoram Road and Gilgit
Road and the intersection known as Daniyor market.
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CONDITION OF STREETS:
Indicators Major/Minor Streets Mode of
Transportation
Street Widths Street
Maintenance
Vegetation/Animals
Peripheral area
Daniyor
Karakorum Highway passes through the center
of the area. All other streets are not well
defined.
People keep their own cars as
smuggled cars are available on low
price. Some of the private car owners also use their cars as
taxi.
The Karakorum Highway is 20‟
wide in this area. Other pedestrian
lanes are 10‟ wide that passes between the agricultural
fields.
The pedestrians lanes are un –paved
but have no litter. The commercial hub
„Daniyor Market‟ is encroached with hand carts in peak
hours.
Daniyor is an agricultural land. It
has plenty of green patches in the form of
farms, pastures, grazing fields and parks. Livestock
includes cows, goats, horses, buffaloes, hen,
duck etc.
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Open spaces and their use:
It has vast open land with cluster of houses at large distances. The typology of these
open spaces ranges from graveyard, space for tube well, waters tanks, and a Polo
ground. It has plenty of green patches in the form of farms, grazing fields and parks.
A Pasteur land is situated above Daniyor at 12 hour walking distance. The
arrangement of houses happened to be in cluster format back to back and attached
with other irregular pattern, giving rise to irregular pattern of streets. Streets are
mostly unpaved. The wide street also adds to the openness and congestion free
environment of the area.
There is large open sandy belt along the side of River Hunza. There are „Mohan‟
settled on this belt and extract Gold from the sand.
Infrastructure Conditions:
As mentioned earlier potable water is availability here is better than other areas within
Gilgit. The drinking water is provided by the Daniyor Nalla to the area residents
through the treatment plant installed at Chikaskot. Water from the Daniyor Nalla is
also used to irrigate land of Sultanabad and Daniyor for agricultural production.
There is no systematic system of sewerage lines in this area. Soak pits are constructed
for the purpose of waste. The soak pits are 10 feet deep the ground and 10 to 15 feet
depth. One soak pit is enough for 15 to 20 years. If there is sand below, than a soak pit
is enough for 30 to 40 years.
However, this is a source of ground water contamination as waste water seeps inside
the ground. For Solid waste, sanitary workers collect solid waste from individual
houses and dump it on site behind Karakoram International University.
Page | 155
INFRASTRUCTURE:
Indicators Electricity Gas Water Sewage/Drainage Telephone Solid Waste
Area of Case
Study
People have proper electric connections.
However, load shading occurs for 8 to 12 hours.
The use of gas is through cylinders.
The gas cylinders are available in abundance from
Rawalpindi through local
suppliers.
The drinking water is
provided by the Daniyor Nalla to the area
residents through the
treatment plant installed at Chikaskot.
Water from the Daniyor Nalla is also used to
irrigate land for agricultural
production.
People have made soak pits 10‟ deep in
the ground. Since the locality is situated on a plateau the ground
water is low and a soak pit lasts up to
20-30 years.
Communication system is well
equipped in the area. Service Providers are
Special Communication
Organization (SCO) & Pakistan Telecom
Company Limited (PTCL) and the leading mobile
network. (Ufone, Mobilink,
Telenor, Warid and Zong).
Waste is collected with
the help of tractor trolleys and transferred
to the dumping site behind
Korakoram International University
(KIU).
156
Real Estate and Land Value:
This is an area which is present at the periphery of Gilgit city. It is an agricultural land,
but due to urban pressures of expansion .The green land is converting into constructed
land.. Costs of plots are increasing day by day i.e.
Price in 2005 = Rs 1500, 000/ Kanal
Price in 2011 = Rs 2000,000 / Kanal
This is affordable for middle to higher income people. The area of Daniyor is not
planned according to any land use percentages or byelaws.
Condition of Houses:
The arrangement of houses happened to be in
cluster format back to back and attached with other
irregular pattern, giving rise to irregular pattern of
streets Theses cluster of house are away from
another. They are made up of various materials like
RCC, with plastered walls, stones, concrete blocks
or Earth blocks. None of the houses are designed by
architects or any professional urban planner. Peoples
are using vernacular material and techniques to build
their houses themselves depending upon the status of
their income group. People keep Livestock in therir
houses. Livestock includes cows, goats, horses,
buffaloes, hen, duck etc.
Social Set Up:
In Daniyor, the social set up consists of Extended families. There is equivalent ratio of
male to female gender in the area with 10-14 peoples per house which is the average
household size for the area of Daniyor (as average number of families per plot is more
than 1). This trend of having 2 to 3 generations living in a house is possible due to the
fact that, the plot sizes in Daniyor give the possibility of horizontal extensions. They are
constructing G+1 structure through RCC Construction. Further, the area has no sectarian
demarcation, therefore, safe from any such terrible violence.
Figure 75: View of a house of the
area
157
The Daniyor Plateau has following advantages with respect to Gilgit City.
Traffic congestion is limited to main road; therefore it keeps the internal area of Daniyor
Plateau free of traffic congestion, air pollution and noise pollution.
Open pathways allow natural light and air circulation.
The width of the streets makes them more interactive.
The Gilgit town has no more land capacity for expansion, therefore major construction
and expansion is taking place in west of Gilgit town, including Daniyor. Therefore, the
real estate prices of the area are increasing day by day.
The Karakoram International University is situated in the vicinity of Daniyor.
There are few disadvantages also:
The increasing urban pressure on the area, reducing the agricultural land.
Non accessibility to emergency care.
158
Appendix 02: Matrices
Matrix 1: Environmental Conditions
159
Matrix 01: Environmental Conditions
Case Study CITY CENTER
MUJAHID COLONY DANYOR
Settlement layout The intersection of the two main roads in the city creates a nucleus.
The settlement follows the road grid of Raja Baazar Road and the
Shaheed Millat Road.
Unplanned residential area built on the Kunadas Plateau following grid
planning with back to back houses
Haphazard planning following the land contours and field patterns on
the Danyor Plateau
Built area -
- -
Open area (voids
which are either open
spaces or un
constructed plots)
-
- -
Noise Level Control
(traffic and general
noise)
Fair
Good Good
Since there is little congestion of vehicular traffic therefore the noise
level is acceptable
As the settlement is on the mountain side and there is less vehicular access
so there is very less noise pollution.
Scattered residential units within respective fields.
Air and Ventilation Fair Good Fair
Average air quality due to location
in the valley. The low story construction helps in ventilation of
the overall area.
Settlement has no vehicular traffic,
added by it is away from any city congestion.
The Danyor city center is relatively
congested. However, houses away from the main road are surrounded by
green fields, thereby increasing the air quality.
Solid waste disposal Fair Fair Good
No garbage dump seen on the streets and side lanes. The City
Municipality looks after the
Only unattended open plots have solid waste collected. Otherwise no garbage
seen in the lanes. The upkeep of side
Overall little garbage is seen in the commercial center otherwise no solid
waste is visible in the residential
160
maintenances and upkeep of the area.
lanes is taken care by the resident population.
settlements.
Drainage during rain Good Fair
Fair
The natural slope of the terrain helps the drainage of rain water
which eventually falls in the Gilgit River.
The natural slope of the terrain helps the drainage of rain water.
The natural slope of the terrain helps the drainage of rain water.
Water supply Fair
Poor Fair
Water supply is adequate and regular and is supplied to the area
through the Municipality
In-adequate and irregular supply of municipal water, which is divided
over a substantial population, becomes a source of tension in the area.
Water supply is adequate and regular and is supplied to the area by the
Danyor Nalla.
Sanitation Fair Fair Fair
There are open nallas along the
street, moreover, the sewerage system directly fall in the Gilgit
River, without being treated or recycled.
There are no open nallas and sewerage
lines visible on the street, however, the sewerage system is either collected
in soak pits or it is directly disposed off in the Gilgit River, without being
treated or recycled.
There are no open nallas and
sewerage lines visible on the street, however, the sewerage system is
either collected in soak pits thereby contaminating the soil and soil water.
Electricity Fair Fair Fair
Security of Area Fair Good Good
161
During the time of sectarian clashes the city center becomes the center of this violence with the mosques of
Ahl e Tashee and Ahl e Sunnat facing each other.
The mixed population especially migrant population residing in the area
reduces is not prone to any stressful
incidences during the time of sectarian clashes in the city.
The issue of sectarian clashes was not under discussion as a large number of
residents of this area belong to
Ismailia community.
Parking for cars Fair - Fair
The primary streets are wide enough to accommodate cars. Cars cannot
enter secondary streets.
The roads are not wide enough to accommodate cars.
The KKH is the primary road that will pass through the area. The
secondary roads are wide enough to accommodate individual cars.
Traffic condition Fair Good
Good
Little or no traffic congestion was noticed in the area
Negligible vehicular activity was noticed
Commercial center had narrow roads; however with the upcoming
construction of KKH, the traffic flow
is expected to increase.
Landscaping and
vegetation
Poor Poor Good
Little or no vegetation in the city
center, except for the old maple trees planted during the British
times. However, due to road widening and construction of bridges the green heritage is under
threat.
Roads have no space for plantations.
Overall the Danyor Plateau is an
agricultural area with vegetation in the form of trees and agriculture.
Area parks Good Fair
-
2 polo grounds: The Old Polo A football field attached to the -
162
Ground and the Aga Khan Polo ground
These grounds are especially active
especially during the summers.
settlement along the Nomal Road. It was observed to be active with sports
activity during the day.
Dominant land use and
consequent street
condition
Commercial use is on the main road and residential on secondary lanes.
Primarily residential. With a few scattered shops selling daily use items
on the secondary roads.
The main road includes amnesties and commercial outlets; however the
residential area does not have any commercial activity except for
agricultural activities.
Note
Good is an indication of above average working conditions in the given context.
Fair is an indication of average working conditions in the given context where there are some problems or irregularities.
Poor is an indication of below average working conditions where there are more irregularities and major problem
163
Appendix 02: Matrices
Matrix 2: Housing Conditions
164
Matrix 02: Housing Conditions
Case Study CITY CENTER MUJAHID COLONY
DANYOR
Average
plot/apartment size
Varying sizes 150-160 sq. meters Varying sizes
Layout of houses/
apartments
A variety of plot sizes varying from one to two room layout of single
household around a private internal
courtyard which is connected to the toilet, kitchen. In some cases a
small cultivation patch is also attached.
One to two room layout of single household around a private internal
courtyard. Separate blocks for
visitor‟s toilet, kitchen and livestock.
Large size plots sizes where the built structure is separated by
varying sizes of fields.
Average household
size
- - -
Mostly extended families A mixture of single families and joint
families
Mostly extended families
Average number of
families per plot
- - -
Average number of
rooms
- - -
Average Built up
floors
G G and G+1 G
Land value per square
meter
- - -
Livability conditions of
the locality
Fair to good Fair to Good Good
Little solid waste was found in the city center. Also due to the gradient in the land,
there was no issue of stagnant water.
The overall environment un
Little solid waste was found in the locality. The overall ambiance was well
organized. However, the major drawback being lack of water and
water distribution within the area.
Overall pleasant living conditions surrounded by green fields and abundant water supply from the
Danyor Nalla. However, the sewage waste is an
issue as it gets disposed off in soak
165
congested and though pedestrian movement was difficult in the city center. However, there were
pleasant areas in the residential neighborhoods.
This leads to tension amongst the residents of the area. The internal layouts of the houses
were fairly spacious, well maintained and ventilated.
pits.
Availability of open
spaces
Fair Fair Good
Use of Roof - - -
Use of Compound/
Courtyards
Good Good -
Use of Street Fair
Fair -
Use of Nearby Ground Good Good -
Overall Building
Material
Stone, bricks, Block masonry and RCC
Mix of load bearing, bricks and R.C.C structures
Bricks, Block masonry and RCC
Roofing Mix of timber, stone, mud and RCC R.C.C Mix of timber, stone, mud and
R.C.C
Flooring Concrete finish, rammed earth
Concrete finish Concrete finish, and -
Façade treatment Mostly unplastered, somewhere Plastered and paint finish.
Plastered and paint finish Mix of unplastered and paint finish
Boundary walls In the residential areas the boundary walls are raised 7‟ to 8‟.
The boundary walls were raised to 7‟ to 8‟.
The boundary walls were raised to 7‟ to 8‟.
Indicator of
Incremental Growth
-
Yes No
The extension of the settlement gets more haphazard towards the
mountain top.
Extension of family houses to accommodate new generations.
Also reduction in agricultural sizes
Ventilation of Houses/
Apartment
Fair
Fair Fair
166
Shops facing wide fronts. Also the courtyard houses facilitates in ventilation.
Courtyard houses facilitated in ventilations.
Courtyard houses facilitated in ventilations.
Privacy
Good
Good Good
As such no issues of privacy violation were visible. People were
respectful of each other. Only old men and women and children were
seen in the lanes within the residential settlements.
As such no issues of privacy violation were visible. People were respectful
of each other.
Since the
House Development
and Maintenance
Fair
Good Good
Since the market and the settlement are oldest within the quality of construction was primarily local
vernacular construction.
Since the locality was developed over the last 20 years the quality and maintenance of construction is fairly
good.
Depending on the economic capacity of the residents
Note
Good is an indication of above average working conditions in the given context.
Fair is an indication of average working conditions in the given context where there are some problems or irregularities.
Poor is an indication of below average working conditions where there are more irregularities and major problem.
167
Appendix 03: INDICATORS MATRIX
CASE OF CITY CENTER, GILGIT
Indicator Trend Potential Threat Design Strategy
Land & Housing Due to limited space within the city
centre, the trend is that the city activities are slowly shifting
towards west.
Heritage and cultural value both in terms of built
environments and natural environment.
Human scale.
Natural beauty.
Booming real estate.
Good infrastructure
conditions.
Sectarian tension
Weak regulations.
Lack of space for expansion.
Pressure on heritage structures and
vegetation due to growth pressures in
the city.
Open spaces under developed.
Develop an integrated strategy for pedestrian
network and transport within the city.
Traffic & Transport
Inter city transport network is in the form
of private taxis, and wagons.
High private car ownership.
Development of transport stops.
Linear growth of the city helps reduce haphazard road
networks.
Small city size.
Unregulated traffic flow Lack o f
availability o f transport stops lead
to confusion in the city center.
Develop an integrated strategy for pedestrian
network and transport within the city.
Water &
Sanitation Untreated sewage
water ends up in the River.
Piped distribution of water.
Gradient supports rain water
drainage.
Household sewage waste.
Lack of industrial waste
Household cultivation and
vegetable gardens
Contamination o f
river water.
An integrated approach
should be devised of a waste supply, sanitation
and urban horticulture programme.
168
CASE OF MUJAHID COLONY, GILGIT
Indicator Trend Potential Threat Design Strategy
Land & Housing Settlement pattern extending towards the
mountain top.
Mixed communities.
Maintenance of the settlement
Mixed and harmonies
communal living
Literate and educated
community.
Land sliding from the mountain top.
Unclear development
directions.
Any further development activity
should look into land sliding and seismic
related issues of the area.
Water &
Sanitation Lack of potable
water.
Soak pits used for
sewage waste.
Gradient of locality providing
natural drainage for rain water.
Household sewage waste used
for cultivation or recycling.
Lack of potable
water.
Contamination o f
the soil and sub soil water due to seepage of sewage waste.
An integrated
approach should be devised of a waste supply, sanitation
and urban horticulture
programme.
Traffic & Transport
Low car ownership.
People prefer walking
and talking public transport.
Extremely low car ownership.
Public transport available at
walking distance.
Non metallic roads.
Narrow road widths.
Emergency access difficult and not
possible.
Develop an integrated strategy
for pedestrian network and transport within the
city.
169
CASE OF DANYOR, GILGIT
Indicator Trend Potential Threat Design Strategy
Land & Housing Construction of KKH will have a direct
impact on the land value of the area.
Irregular plot sizes.
Land sub-division
over generations.
Housing taking over
agriculture land.
Undefined framework
for land development.
Commercial activity
Fertile and well irrigated land.
Clear ownership patterns.
Potential to grow vertically.
Increased land value.
Unregulated commercial growth
Encroachment of agricultural land by
built structures.
Land value for
commercial activity.
Better construction techniques to
promote vertical construction.
Water & Sanitation
Soak pits used for sewage and sanitation
purposes.
Good water supply
system supplied by the Danyor Nalla.
Gradient of locality providing natural drainage for irrigation
and water supply.
Household waste fit for
cultivation.
Contamination of soil and subsoil
water through the soak pits.
An integrated approach should be
devised for usage of waste supply, sanitation and
cultivation.
Traffic & Transport
Construction of KKH
in the near future will open up the city to down country traffic.
Increase in real estate value.
Increase in commercial activity
Increase in traffic
flow.
Unregulated traffic
flow and congestion in the area.
Devising regulations
to maintain the natural assets and reduce the expected
congestion within the area by
implementation of policy and regulations.
Page | 170
Appendix 04
BIBLIOGRAPHY
GENERAL INTERVIEWS
Shigri, Environmental Protection Agency, Gilgit
Yasir , Directorate, Tourism Department, Gilgit
Jahangir Ahmed, Principle, Daniyor College, Daniyor
Ali Ahmed Jan, Field Assistance, Agriculture Department, Gilgit
Rashid ud din, Chief Directorate, DC office, Gilgit
Ali, World Wild life Federation, Gilgit
Zulfiqar Ahmed, Town Muncipal Officer, TMA, Gilgit
Khalid, College Lecturer, Upper Jutial, Gilgit
Huzur Ali, Carpenter, Resident of Yaseen Colon y, Gilgit
REPORTS:
coordinator), I. A. A breif profile of Larkana. larkana: Small & Medium Enterprise
Development Authority.
Google Maps. (n.d.). Retrieved May 2, 2011, from http://maps.google.com/
IUCN Raza, H. (2003). Northern Area Strategy for Sustainable Development. Gilgit:
IUCN.
Pakistan Enviornmental Planning and Architectural Consultants Limited. (1977). Gilgit
Master Plan. Lahore.
Popiulation Census Organization, P. (1998). District Census Report. Gilgit: Population
Census Organization.
Page | 171
BOOKS:
Arif Hasan, M. R. (2011). Migration and Small Towns in Pakistan. Karachi: Oxford
University Press.
Holzwarth, W. (2006). Sources of Gilgit, Hunza and Nager History (1500-1800) and
Comments on the Oral Roots of Local Historiography. In H. Kreutzmann, Karakoram in
Transition: Culture, Development and Ecology in the Hunza Valley (p. 171). Karachi:
Oxford University Press
Neil, J. M. (1996). Trekking in the Karakoram and Hindukush. Hawthorn: Lonley Planet
Publications.
WEB SITES:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan#Geography_and_climate, Accessed on, 17
th-March-2011
http://www.ibadat09.blog.com/
Page | 172
Appendix 05
Presentation thumbnails 28th
July 2011
Page | 173
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Page | 176
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Appendix 06
GILGIT CITY
DESIGN INTERVENTION PROPOSAL
Executing Agency: UNDP Design of Project: Department of Architecture and Planning, NED University
Project Area: Gilgit City, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan
INTRODUCTION
UN-Habitat Islamabad is responsible to demonstrate an infrastructure project for upgrading
urban living conditions in the target areas of Gilgit city which aims at improving urban indicators through strengthening partnership between communities and Government. The project is based
on the idea of water treatment and waste recycling model. The local community and NGOs would be sharing their ideas at one platform and then approach the government agencies like the local TMA. This will result in solving out the water and sanitation problems and eventually the
city will get economic boost and urban poor will get economic empowerment.
VISION:
To enhance Gilgit‟s amiable environment through capitalizing on its natural assets and resources.
OBJECTIVE:
To improve the environmental condition of the city using advance technologies.
URBAN TRENDS IDENTIFIED
- Shortage of accessible water, electricity and gas to residential areas - Un equal water
distribution affecting especially low income settlements.
- Change in land morphology and land use under urban pressure with the passage of time
(i.e. reduction of built versus open agricultural land with time, and plot sizes over time.)
- Affordability of land value - Eastern side of the city have increasing land value pattern
whereas it is constant on the southern side.
- Open and green spaces hidden behind high walls and commercial outlets.
- Limited pedestrian access (Unfriendly for pedestrians in terms of lack of footpaths,
narrow road widths, unregulated vehicular traffic, and lack of shade).
- Growth of the city is towards the East (KUI, proposed GB Secretariat, Daniyor).
Page | 178
CHARACTERISTICS OF GILGIT:
POTENTIALS THREATS
Human Resource
- Level of education
There is comparatively high level of education
and awareness in the city with respect to other
districts of Gilgit Baltistan.
- Amiable and conducive work culture
(willingness to share and exchange
experiences and knowledge)
- Role of NGOs
Many NGOs work very actively in the city.
Local initiative and community building
through the presence of organizations like the
AKDN
- Sense of community
People of the city has a strong sense of
community
- Sectarian strife
Due to the different ethnic groups, diversified
cultures and close proximity to each other, the
city is mostly under sectarian tension, leading
to law and order break down, hindering future
planning possibilities.
Natural Resource
- Water quality
Fresh water quantity is abundant in the form of
rivers and streams, therefore possibility of
hydro power generation.
- Gradient of the landscape
- Agriculture land
The city has a vast area comprises of
agriculture land which is one of the natural
resource and a source of income for the people.
- Fresh water contamination
The waste disposal into the river causes the
contamination of fresh water which is used by
the residents of the city causing health
problems.
Page | 179
- Life style
People of the city have a simple lifestyle which
can be seen through their culture.
Urban Resource
- Sewerage water
- Open spaces (Polo grounds)
Since polo is the traditional game of the North
that‟s why there are a large number of polo
grounds used for holding polo games and other
social and cultural activities.
- Solid waste disposal
Pollution is generating due to the improper
waste disposal esp. along the river banks which
is causing health and environmental problems.
- Reduction of agricultural land
Due to the city expansion and change in land
morphology, the agricultural land area is
continuously being taken over by the urban
pressure.
- Lack of power supply in winters
The consumption of electricity during winters
is doubled than the summer which causes the
lack of power supply.
- Prone to disasters
The city has a specific type of topography
which makes the area faced by flood and land
sliding esp. during the snow melting season.
Furthermore, the deforestation leads to
increased damage from flooding.
STRATEGY:
Strategy would be to design / develop projects / schemes that first satisfy basic needs, than it
should also have a capacity to benefit the city also in the long run.
Page | 180
STRATEGY MODEL:
The strategy model is based on water supply and sanitation in which water treatment and supply and waste recycling would be majorly dealt with. This model would surely be helpful in
improving the environmental conditions and health status of the people of the city and secondly the agriculture production of the city would be raised. Hence due to all these betterment, the overall economy of the Gilgit city would drastically increase.
PHYSICAL RESEARCH FINDINGS:
After Physical and Socio Economic surveys, it has been concluded that: Issue related to water contamination, comes out to be the basic indicator. Treatment to the issue
can benefit the city at various levels.
DESIGN PROPOSALS
1. UN as a networking cell between all the development agencies
2. Sewerage waste recycling
3. Solid waste recycling
4. Compact city for ease of pedestrian and vehicular movement
Page | 181
PHASES OF THE PROJECT:
Phase I - Networking Cell
In this phase, information and resources would be gathered between various government and non-government organizations. In this way, a platform would be provided for sharing of knowledge and basis for its development.
Phase II - Sewerage Recycling Waste
In this phase, the sewerage waste on neighborhood and household level would be linked up for agriculture and urban farming. Secondly, the drainage channels would be collected at one point
before entering the river and treated before discharging into the river water. Furthermore, a reservoir would be created for the vegetation of the city.
Phase III - Solid Waste Recycling
In this phase, first of all, awareness on the importance and benefit of solid waste recycling at the neighborhood level would be established. After then collection and formalize points for solid
waste would be made. And lastly a recycling system near the dumping site would be created.
Phase IV - Compact City for Improved Linkages
A bus route would be designed in 3 phases:
1. First of all, a big loop would be established along the river, catering the Gilgit region by
linking the three major parts of the city.
2. In second phase, small loop would be established which will be along the city center,
serving the commercial needs.
Page | 182
3. In third phase, pedestrian linkages would be defined, linking the neighborhood to
commercial and recreational activities.
Furthermore, the other strategies of this phase would be: o Defining public transport modes which would comprise of private taxis, vans and datsun
pickups.
o Designing Public Stops on important nodes.
o Linking Public transport with pedestrian routes.
o Creating one way traffic flow in the commercial area, thereby, decongesting the city
center.
Figure 3: Map showing proposed linkages of bigger loops
Page | 183
Figure 4: Map showing proposed linkages of smaller loops
IMPACTS:
The intervention areas may impact in the following way. The basic need i.e. good quality of water would be fulfilled through the deve lopment of
this proposal.
Urban Poverty would be reduced by increasing in income through generating economic
activities.
Health of the residents would be better when the environment would be free from
pollution and the water free from contamination.
Economy would get positive effect when people get job opportunities and the agriculture/
urban farming would be improved through ample supply of water.
The implementation of this project would drastically reduce the contamination of water
thus resulting in improved environmental conditions.
Page | 184
Employment opportunities would be generated through and after the implementation of
this proposal as the people would be getting labor and engaging in other activities.
Page | 185
APPENDIX 07
TABLE-01
Relation to Head of Household
TOTAL Area Type
Inner City City Peripherry
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE:All responses 3783 100% 1039 100% 1777 100% 967 100%
Relation to Head of Household
Wife 555 15% 148 14% 246 14% 161 17%
Son 1351 36% 367 35% 656 37% 328 34%
Daughter 873 23% 269 26% 400 23% 204 21%
Others 1004 27% 255 25% 475 27% 274 28%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey - GILGIT
TABLE-02
Age of Household Members
TOTAL Area Type
Inner City City Peripherry
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All responses 3783 100% 1039 100% 1777 100% 967 100%
Age of Household Members
0 - 5 287 8% 82 8% 149 8% 56 6%
6 - 10 420 11% 109 10% 197 11% 114 12%
11 - 15 498 13% 169 16% 216 12% 113 12%
16 - 20 598 16% 176 17% 251 14% 171 18%
21 - 25 488 13% 115 11% 251 14% 122 13%
26 - 30 401 11% 82 8% 199 11% 120 12%
31 - 35 260 7% 55 5% 132 7% 73 8%
36 - 40 243 6% 70 7% 111 6% 62 6%
41 - 45 168 4% 49 5% 80 5% 39 4%
46 - 50 152 4% 43 4% 74 4% 35 4%
51 - 55 79 2% 29 3% 36 2% 14 1%
56 - 60 94 2% 22 2% 44 2% 28 3%
61 - 65 37 1% 11 1% 17 1% 9 1%
65 and above 57 2% 26 3% 20 1% 11 1%
No Response 1 0% 1 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey - GILGIT
Page | 186
TABLE-03
Marital Status
TOTAL Area Type
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All responses 3783 100% 1039 100% 1777 100% 967 100%
Marital Status Unmarried 2284 60% 659 63% 1065 60% 560 58%
Married 1499 40% 380 37% 712 40% 407 42%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey - GILGIT
TABLE-04 Education / Literacy
TOTAL Area Type
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All responses 3783 100% 1039 100% 1777 100% 967 100%
Education / Literacy Status
Illiterate 28 1% 0 0% 28 2% 0 0%
Primary School (Class V ) 1187 31% 334 32% 533 30% 320 33%
Secondary School (Metric) 694 18% 192 18% 347 20% 155 16%
HSC ( 12th Class) 502 13% 123 12% 245 14% 134 14%
University Graduate (BA / BSC / BE / B com) 418 11% 119 11% 228 13% 71 7%
Masters Degree and Above 199 5% 64 6% 104 6% 31 3%
Madrassah / Religious Education 13 0% 0 0% 0 0% 13 1%
No Response 742 20% 207 20% 292 16% 243 25%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey - GILGIT
TABLE-05 Occupation
TOTAL Area Type
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All responses 3783 100% 1039 100% 1777 100% 967 100%
Occupation
Un-employed 2374 63% 695 67% 1116 63% 563 58% Daily wage Labor 39 1% 4 0% 20 1% 15 2%
Driver 48 1% 5 0% 15 1% 28 3%
Office Worker 6 0% 2 0% 2 0% 2 0% Shop Keeper 24 1% 6 1% 6 0% 12 1% Agricultural Worker 1 0% 0 0% 1 0% 0 0%
Page | 187
Self Employed 40 1% 13 1% 23 1% 4 0% School / College Teacher 128 3% 35 3% 56 3% 37 4% Mechanic 21 1% 8 1% 5 0% 8 1% Government Employee 314 8% 66 6% 157 9% 91 9% Private Service 329 9% 92 9% 177 10% 60 6% Self Farmer 16 0% 1 0% 7 0% 8 1%
Transporter 1 0% 1 0% 0 0% 0 0% Professional (Doctor, Engineer, Accountant etc) 34 1% 5 0% 21 1% 8 1%
No Response 408 11% 106 10% 171 10% 131 14%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey - GILGIT
TABLE-06
Occupation Place
TOTAL Area Type
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All responses 3783 100% 1039 100% 1777 100% 967 100%
Occupation Place
Amphary 17 0% 1 0% 16 1% 0 0%
Basin 111 3% 0 0% 45 3% 66 7%
Chinar Bagh 12 0% 0 0% 12 1% 0 0%
Danyore 281 7% 0 0% 6 0% 275 28%
Domial 30 1% 30 3% 0 0% 0 0%
Gilgit 1318 35% 454 44% 645 36% 219 23%
Govt School 17 0% 2 0% 15 1% 0 0%
Hunza 17 0% 10 1% 7 0% 0 0%
Islamabad 66 2% 17 2% 34 2% 15 2%
Jutial Gilgit 363 10% 70 7% 250 14% 43 4%
Karachi 38 1% 3 0% 23 1% 12 1%
Kashrote 137 4% 137 13% 0 0% 0 0%
Khomar 50 1% 3 0% 47 3% 0 0%
KIU 13 0% 11 1% 2 0% 0 0%
Konodas 133 4% 19 2% 114 6% 0 0%
Lahore 20 1% 3 0% 17 1% 0 0%
Nagaral 12 0% 0 0% 12 1% 0 0%
Sakawar 54 1% 0 0% 0 0% 54 6%
Sunikot 11 0% 0 0% 11 1% 0 0%
Zulfiqarabad 47 1% 0 0% 47 3% 0 0%
Others 259 7% 97 9% 116 7% 46 5%
No Response 777 21% 182 18% 358 20% 237 25%
Figures are column percentages
Page | 188
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey - GILGIT
TABLE-7
MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD INCOME (IN GROUP)
TOTAL
AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
HOUSEHOLD INCOME (IN GROUP)
No Response 6 1% 2 1% 2 1% 1 1%
Below 2500 1 0% 0 0% 1 0% 0 0%
2501 - 5000 18 3% 7 4% 8 3% 3 2%
5001 - 7500 21 3% 4 3% 8 3% 9 6%
7501 - 10,000 51 8% 19 12% 21 8% 11 7%
10,001 - 12,500 17 3% 4 3% 13 5% 0 0%
12,501 - 15,000 46 8% 10 6% 24 9% 12 8%
15,001 - 17,500 12 2% 2 1% 2 1% 8 5%
17,501 - 20,000 60 10% 15 9% 24 9% 21 13%
20,001 - 22,500 18 3% 4 3% 7 3% 7 4%
22,501 - 25,000 40 7% 7 4% 15 5% 18 11%
25,000 - 27,500 6 1% 1 1% 5 2% 0 0%
27,501 - 30,000 50 8% 15 9% 22 8% 13 8%
30,000+ 255 42% 70 44% 128 46% 57 36%
Average Monthly HH Income 36840 34397 40133 33509
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey - GILGIT
TABLE-08 Travel Mode
TOTAL Area Type
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All responses 3783 100% 1039 100% 1777 100% 967 100%
Travel Mode
Walking 1513 40% 488 47% 681 38% 344 36%
Bicycle 2 0% 0 0% 2 0% 0 0%
Motorcycle / Scooter 92 2% 39 4% 47 3% 6 1%
Car 272 7% 59 6% 129 7% 84 9% Bus / Wagon / Pick-up 103 3% 32 3% 48 3% 23 2%
Contract Bus / Carrier 486 13% 93 9% 236 13% 157 16%
No Response 1315 35% 328 32% 634 36% 353 37%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey - GILGIT
Page | 189
TABLE-08-A
Daily Travelling Cost
TOTAL Area Type
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All responses 3783 100% 1039 100% 1777 100% 967 100%
Daily Travelling Cost
00 - 25 192 5% 14 1% 142 8% 36 4%
26 - 50 444 12% 122 12% 211 12% 111 11%
51 - 75 27 1% 7 1% 9 1% 11 1%
76 - 100 157 4% 43 4% 59 3% 55 6%
126 - 150 13 0% 1 0% 8 0% 4 0%
176 - 200 63 2% 18 2% 15 1% 30 3%
Above 250 29 1% 18 2% 7 0% 4 0%
No Response 2858 76% 816 79% 1326 75% 716 74%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey - GILGIT
TABLE-09 Travel Time per Trip
TOTAL Area Type
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All responses 3783 100% 1039 100% 1777 100% 967 100%
Travel Time Per Trip
00 - 15 1071 28% 352 34% 407 23% 312 32%
16 -30 1116 30% 313 30% 560 32% 243 25%
31 - 45 127 3% 20 2% 86 5% 21 2%
46 - 60 74 2% 5 0% 66 4% 3 0%
61 - 75 1 0% 1 0% 0 0% 0 0%
76 - 90 5 0% 1 0% 4 0% 0 0% Above 90 Minutes 9 0% 4 0% 4 0% 1 0%
No Response 1380 36% 343 33% 650 37% 387 40%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey - GILGIT
Page | 190
TABLE-10 MOTHER TONGUE
CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
MOTHER TONGUE
Urdu 2 0% 0 0% 1 0% 1 1%
Pashto 13 2% 6 4% 7 2% 0 0%
Punjabi 1 0% 1 1% 0 0% 0 0%
Hindko 3 0% 2 1% 1 0% 0 0%
Brushaski 198 33% 27 17% 121 43% 50 31%
Kashmiri 1 0% 1 1% 0 0% 0 0%
Shina 348 58% 119 74% 129 46% 100 63%
Khuwar 16 3% 2 1% 6 2% 8 5%
Wakhi 13 2% 1 1% 12 4% 0 0%
NA/No Response 6 1% 1 1% 4 1% 1 1%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-11 PERIOD OF RESIDENCE
CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
PERIOD OF RESIDENCE
0 - 5 119 20% 37 23% 54 19% 28 18%
6 -10 83 14% 25 16% 38 14% 20 13%
11-15 56 9% 13 8% 28 10% 15 9%
16 - 20 69 11% 16 10% 37 13% 16 10%
21 - 25 21 3% 4 3% 14 5% 3 2%
26 - 30 27 4% 6 4% 6 2% 15 9%
31 - 35 13 2% 3 2% 10 4% 0 0% 36 - above 213 35% 56 35% 94 33% 63 39%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-12
HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE - FOOD CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
Page | 191
EXPENDITURE ON FOOD
Below Rs.5,000 130 22% 51 32% 31 11% 48 30%
Rs.5,001 - 10,000 269 45% 60 38% 146 52% 63 39%
Rs.10,001-15,000 130 22% 32 20% 59 21% 39 24%
Above Rs.15,000 68 11% 17 11% 41 15% 10 6%
NA/No Response 4 1% 0 0% 4 1% 0 0%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-7
MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD INCOME (IN GROUP)
TOTAL
AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
HOUSEHOLD INCOME (IN GROUP)
No Response 6 1% 2 1% 2 1% 1 1%
Below 2500 1 0% 0 0% 1 0% 0 0%
2501 - 5000 18 3% 7 4% 8 3% 3 2%
5001 - 7500 21 3% 4 3% 8 3% 9 6%
7501 - 10,000 51 8% 19 12% 21 8% 11 7%
10,001 - 12,500 17 3% 4 3% 13 5% 0 0%
12,501 - 15,000 46 8% 10 6% 24 9% 12 8%
15,001 - 17,500 12 2% 2 1% 2 1% 8 5%
17,501 - 20,000 60 10% 15 9% 24 9% 21 13%
20,001 - 22,500 18 3% 4 3% 7 3% 7 4%
22,501 - 25,000 40 7% 7 4% 15 5% 18 11%
25,000 - 27,500 6 1% 1 1% 5 2% 0 0%
27,501 - 30,000 50 8% 15 9% 22 8% 13 8%
30,000+ 255 42% 70 44% 128 46% 57 36%
Average Monthly HH Income 36840 34397 40133 33509
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey - GILGIT
TABLE-13 HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE - Utility and Energy Cost
CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
UTILITY AND ENERGY COST
Below Rs. 2,000 299 50% 89 56% 135 48% 75 47% Rs.2,001 - 5,000 239 40% 63 39% 111 40% 65 41% Rs.5,001 - 7,500 41 7% 5 3% 18 6% 18 11% Above Rs. 7,500 13 2% 2 1% 9 3% 2 1%
NA/No Response 9 1% 1 1% 8 3% 0 0% Figures are column percentages SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
Page | 192
TABLE-14 HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE - Children's Education
CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
CHILDREN'S EDUCATION
Below Rs.1,000 162 27% 47 29% 71 25% 44 28% Rs.1,001 - 5,000 292 49% 72 45% 129 46% 91 57% Rs.5,001 - 7,500 73 12% 23 14% 37 13% 13 8% Rs.7,501 -10,000 17 3% 5 3% 8 3% 4 3%
Above Rs.10,000 18 3% 6 4% 11 4% 1 1% NA/No Response 39 6% 7 4% 25 9% 7 4%
Figures are column percentages SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-15
HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE - Health Care CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count % BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
EXPENDITURE ON HEALTH CARE
Below Rs.1,000 257 43% 70 44% 117 42% 70 44% Rs.1,001 - 5,000 293 49% 81 51% 127 45% 85 53%
Rs.5,001 - 7,500 35 6% 6 4% 25 9% 4 3% Rs.7,501 -10,000 4 1% 1 1% 3 1% 0 0% Above Rs.10,000 6 1% 0 0% 6 2% 0 0% NA/No Response 6 1% 2 1% 3 1% 1 1%
Figures are column percentages SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-16 HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE - Home Rent and Maintenance
CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count % BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
EXPENDITURE ON HOME RENT/MAINTENANCE
Below Rs.2,000 227 38% 63 39% 91 32% 73 46% Rs.2,001 - 5,000 140 23% 64 40% 71 25% 5 3%
Rs.5,001 - 7,500 21 3% 11 7% 9 3% 1 1% Rs.7,501 -10,000 12 2% 5 3% 7 2% 0 0% Above Rs.10,000 1 0% 0 0% 1 0% 0 0% NA/No Response 200 33% 17 11% 102 36% 81 51%
Figures are column percentages SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
Page | 193
TABLE-17
HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE - Debt Repayment CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
DEBT REPAYMENT
Below Rs.1,000 76 13% 15 9% 43 15% 18 11% Rs.1,001 - 5,000 50 8% 23 14% 20 7% 7 4% Rs.5,001 - 7,500 14 2% 10 6% 3 1% 1 1% Above Rs.10,000 43 7% 4 3% 39 14% 0 0%
NA/No Response 418 70% 108 68% 176 63% 134 84% Figures are column percentages SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-18 HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE - Social Entertainment Cost
CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count % BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
SOCIAL ENTERTAINMENT COST
Below Rs.1,000 293 49% 98 61% 132 47% 63 39% Rs.1,001 - 5,000 147 24% 30 19% 85 30% 32 20%
Rs.5,001 - 7,500 22 4% 3 2% 17 6% 2 1% Rs.7,501 -10,000 17 3% 1 1% 16 6% 0 0% NA/No Response 122 20% 28 18% 31 11% 63 39%
Figures are column percentages SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-19 HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE - Fare and Transport
CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
FARE AND TRANSPORT
Below Rs.1,000 287 48% 84 53% 159 57% 44 28% Rs.1,001 - 5,000 124 21% 36 23% 59 21% 29 18% Rs.5,001 - 7,500 16 3% 5 3% 8 3% 3 2% Rs.7,501 -10,000 6 1% 1 1% 4 1% 1 1% Above Rs.10,000 4 1% 2 1% 2 1% 0 0%
NA/No Response 164 27% 32 20% 49 17% 83 52% Figures are column percentages SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
Page | 194
TABLE-20 HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE - Saving Committee
CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
SAVING Yes 183 30% 50 31% 84 30% 49 31%
No 418 70% 110 69% 197 70% 111 69%
Based: Those respondent saving 183 100% 50 100% 84 100% 49 100%
SAVING COMMITTEE
Below Rs.2,000 57 31% 6 12% 28 33% 23 47% Rs.2,001 - 5,000 53 29% 10 20% 28 33% 15 31% Rs.5,001 - 7,500 3 2% 1 2% 0 0% 2 4%
Rs.7,501 -10,000 32 17% 16 32% 10 12% 6 12%
Above Rs.10,000 38 21% 17 34% 18 21% 3 6%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-21
HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE - Purpose of Savings CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
SAVING Yes 183 30% 50 31% 84 30% 49 31%
No 418 70% 110 69% 197 70% 111 69%
Based: Those respondent saving 183 100% 50 100% 84 100% 49 100%
Purpose of Savings
House Construction 46 25% 5 10% 31 37% 10 20%
Marriages 58 32% 16 32% 25 30% 17 35%
Education 86 47% 30 60% 33 39% 23 47%
Debt Serving 43 23% 11 22% 19 23% 13 27%
Others 15 8% 4 8% 5 6% 6 12%
No response 8 4% 0 0% 4 5% 4 8%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-22 Status of Housing
CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
Page | 195
STATUS OF HOUSING
Owned 427 71% 101 63% 172 61% 154 96%
Rented 160 27% 57 36% 98 35% 5 3%
Jointly owned 7 1% 0 0% 6 2% 1 1%
Others 2 0% 2 1% 0 0% 0 0% NA/No Response 5 1% 0 0% 5 2% 0 0%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-23 Number of Rooms
CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
NUMBER OF ROOMS
1 Room 8 1% 4 3% 4 1% 0 0%
2 Rooms 115 19% 34 21% 57 20% 24 15%
3 Rooms 181 30% 46 29% 87 31% 48 30%
4 Rooms 146 24% 36 23% 60 21% 50 31%
5 Rooms 66 11% 20 13% 29 10% 17 11%
6 Rooms & more 83 14% 20 13% 42 15% 21 13%
NA/No Response 2 0% 0 0% 2 1% 0 0%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-24
Number of Stories CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
NUMBER OF STORIES
1 Storey 523 87% 143 89% 227 81% 153 96%
2 Stories 66 11% 13 8% 49 17% 4 3%
3 Stories 1 0% 0 0% 0 0% 1 1% NA/No Response 11 2% 4 3% 5 2% 2 1%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-25
Plot Sizes (Marla) CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count % BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
PLOT SIZE (MARLAS) Less than 3 marlas 42 7% 7 4% 23 8% 12 8%
Page | 196
3 - 5 marlas 93 15% 34 21% 57 20% 2 1% 5 - 7 marlas 51 8% 10 6% 40 14% 1 1% 7 - 10 marlas 130 22% 46 29% 49 17% 35 22%
10 - 15 marlas 51 8% 17 11% 13 5% 21 13% 15 - 20 marlas 90 15% 22 14% 30 11% 38 24% 20 marlas & above 144 24% 24 15% 69 25% 51 32%
Figures are column percentages SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-26
Houses with Courtyards CITY/DISTRICT-Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
COURTYARD
Houses with courtyards 502 84% 129 81% 243 86% 130 81% Houses without courtyards 70 12% 31 19% 22 8% 17 11%
NA/No response 29 5% 0 0% 16 6% 13 8%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-27 Construction and Technology - Structure
CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNOLOGY - STRUCTURE
RCC Frame 211 35% 69 43% 114 41% 28 18% RBC Frame 71 12% 6 4% 65 23% 0 0% Load Bearing 256 43% 65 41% 62 22% 129 81% Others 1 0% 0 0% 1 0% 0 0% NA/No response 62 10% 20 13% 39 14% 3 2%
Figures are column percentages SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-28 Construction and Technology – Walls
CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
CONSTRUCTION AND
Stone/Bricks 160 27% 62 39% 47 17% 51 32%
Mat 2 0% 1 1% 1 0% 0 0%
Page | 197
TECHNOLOGY - WALLS
Mud 16 3% 10 6% 6 2% 0 0%
Blocks 423 70% 87 54% 227 81% 109 68%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-29 Construction and Technology - Roofs
CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNOLOGY - ROOF
RCC 155 26% 50 31% 77 27% 28 18%
RBC 58 10% 1 1% 57 20% 0 0%
Girder-Tier 5 1% 3 2% 2 1% 0 0% CGI Sheets 73 12% 28 18% 26 9% 19 12%
Wooden 308 51% 78 49% 119 42% 111 69% NA/No response 2 0% 0 0% 0 0% 2 1%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-30
Construction and Technology - Latrine CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNOLOGY - LATRINE
Covered 521 87% 151 94% 226 80% 144 90%
Semi Covered 80 13% 9 6% 55 20% 16 10%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-31
Construction and Technology - Kitchens CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNOLOGY - KITCHENS
Covered 504 84% 148 93% 222 79% 134 84% Semi Covered 55 9% 11 7% 19 7% 25 16%
None 42 7% 1 1% 40 14% 1 1%
Figures are column percentages
Page | 198
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-32 Housing - On Plot Space Utilisation
CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
HOUSING - ON PLOT SPACE UTILIZATION
All Residential 426 71% 131 82% 259 92% 36 23% Residential + Shop 10 2% 0 0% 8 3% 2 1% Residential + Warehouse 162 27% 28 18% 13 5% 121 76%
NA/No response 3 0% 1 1% 1 0% 1 1%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-33
Assets CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Coun
t %
Count
%
BASE: All respondents 601
100% 160
100% 281
100% 160
100%
AVAILABILITY OF - TV
Yes 495 82% 133 83% 231 82% 131 82%
Quantity 531 141 250 140
No 106 18% 27 17% 50 18% 29 18%
AVAILABILITY OF - RADIO
Yes 156 26% 54 34% 67 24% 35 22%
Quantity 169 57 72 40
No 445 74% 106 66% 214 76% 125 78%
AVAILABILITY OF - REFRIGERATOR/FREEZER
Yes 351 58% 90 56% 167 59% 94 59%
Quantity 363 95 170 98
No 250 42% 70 44% 114 41% 66 41%
AVAILABILITY OF - LANDLINEPHONE
Yes 183 30% 66 41% 63 22% 54 34%
Quantity 232 84 82 66
No 418 70% 94 59% 218 78% 106 66%
AVAILABILITY OF -CELLULAR PHONE
Yes 549 91% 146 91% 265 94% 138 86%
Quantity 1306 341 595 370
No 52 9% 14 9% 16 6% 22 14%
AVAILABILITY OF -WASHING MACHINE
Yes 434 72% 111 69% 213 76% 110 69%
Quantity 458 114 229 115
No 167 28% 49 31% 68 24% 50 31%
AVAILABILITY OF - Yes 162 27% 55 34% 76 27% 31 19%
Page | 199
CD/VCD/DVD PLAYER Quantity 191 70 82 39
No 439 73% 105 66% 205 73% 129 81%
AVAILABILITY OF -PERSONAL COMPUTER
Yes 296 49% 94 59% 113 40% 89 56%
Quantity 415 139 163 113
No 305 51% 66 41% 168 60% 71 44%
AVAILABILITY OF -ELECTRIC FAN
Yes 563 94% 146 91% 270 96% 147 92%
Quantity 2137 498 1041 598
No 38 6% 14 9% 11 4% 13 8%
AVAILABILITY OF -HEATER
Yes 297 49% 98 61% 151 54% 48 30%
Quantity 348 116 179 53
No 304 51% 62 39% 130 46% 112 70%
AVAILABILITY OF -CAR
Yes 105 17% 34 21% 44 16% 27 17%
Quantity 118 38 46 34
No 496 83% 126 79% 237 84% 133 83%
AVAILABILITY OF - JEEP/VAN
Yes 42 7% 10 6% 19 7% 13 8%
Quantity 45 10 20 15
No 559 93% 150 94% 262 93% 147 92%
AVAILABILITY OF -MOTORCYCLE
Yes 92 15% 34 21% 41 15% 17 11%
Quantity 101 37 46 18
No 509 85% 126 79% 240 85% 143 89%
AVAILABILITY OF -BICYCLE
Yes 39 6% 11 7% 16 6% 12 8%
Quantity 47 12 18 17
No 562 94% 149 93% 265 94% 148 93%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
Page | 200
TABLE-34 Utilities Available in the Area - Water Supply
CITY/DISTRICT- Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count % BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100% SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY - TAP-PIPED SUPPLY
Tap/Piped 485 81% 144 90% 210 75% 131 82% Own 43 7% 1 1% 42 15% 0 0%
No response 73 12% 15 9% 29 10% 29 18%
SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY - WELL/HAND PUMP
Well 19 3% 1 1% 13 5% 5 3% Own 3 0% 0 0% 3 1% 0 0%
No response 579 96% 159 99% 265 94% 155 97%
SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY - TANK WATER
Tank Water 35 6% 2 1% 13 5% 20 13%
No response 566 94% 158 99% 268 95% 140 88%
SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY - TUBE WELL
No response
601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100% SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY - OTHERS
Yes 56 9% 13 8% 23 8% 20 13%
No 545 91% 147 92% 258 92% 140 88%
Figures are column percentages SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-35 Utilities Available in the Area - Drinking Water Processing
CITY/DISTRICT- Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
Water processing process
Boiling 98 16% 36 23% 36 13% 26 16% Filtering 30 5% 12 8% 7 2% 11 7% None 441 73% 111 69% 208 74% 122 76% Others 31 5% 0 0% 31 11% 0 0%
No response 3 0% 1 1% 1 0% 1 1% Figures are column percentages SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
Page | 201
TABLE-36 Utilities Available in the Area - Water Quantity
CITY/DISTRICT- Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
IS SUFFICIENT WATER AVAILABLE - DRINKING WATER
Yes 435 72% 151 94% 160 57% 124 78%
No
166 28% 9 6% 121 43% 36 23% IS SUFFICIENT WATER AVAILABLE - OTHER PURPOSE OF DOMESTIC USE
Yes 525 87% 158 99% 212 75% 155 97%
No 76 13% 2 1% 69 25% 5 3%
Figures are column percentages SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-37
Utilities Available in the Area - Water Storage CITY/DISTRICT- Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 588 100% 156 100% 278 100% 154 100%
Water Storage Methods
Overhead Tank 170 29% 49 31% 103 37% 18 12% Underground Tank 146 25% 16 10% 57 21% 73 47% Large Plastic tank with tap 110 19% 10 6% 85 31% 15 10% Large Plastic tank without tap 46 8% 16 10% 15 5% 15 10% Don't store 154 26% 72 46% 46 17% 36 23% Others 13 2% 0 0% 11 4% 2 1%
Figures are column percentages SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
Page | 202
TABLE-38 Utilities Available in the Area - O & M
CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count
% Count
% Count
%
BASE: All respondents 601
100% 160
100% 281
100% 160
100%
WHO IS DOING O AND M
Government
SATISFACTORY OR UNSATISFATORY
Satisfactory 85
14% 15 9% 61 22% 9 6%
Un-Satisfactory 367
61% 111 69% 147 52% 109 68%
NR/No response
34 6% 1 1% 27 10% 6 4%
Community
SATISFACTORY OR UNSATISFATORY
Satisfactory 20 3% 0 0% 3 1% 17 11%
Un-Satisfactory 59
10% 21 13% 21 7% 17 11%
Others
SATISFACTORY OR UNSATISFATORY
Satisfactory 12 2% 1 1% 11 4% 0 0%
Un-Satisfactory 20 3% 9 6% 9 3% 2 1%
NR/No response
4 1% 2 1% 2 1% 0 0% Figures are column percentages SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-39
Utilities Available in the Area - Waste Water Disposal CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
Waste Water Disposal
Piped sewerage with septic tank 118 20% 13 8% 32 11% 73 46%
Open Drain 467 78% 138 86% 246 88% 83 52% Pit Latrine 11 2% 7 4% 3 1% 1 1% Field/Bush 4 1% 2 1% 2 1% 0 0% No Response 6 1% 1 1% 2 1% 3 2%
Figures are column percentages SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
Page | 203
TABLE-40 Utilities Available in the Area - Solid Waste Disposal
CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
Solid Waste Disposal
Open Dumping- Near Area 270 45% 61 38% 159 57% 50 31% Open Dumping- At Far Distance 100 17% 21 13% 35 12% 44 28%
Burning 235 39% 20 13% 96 34% 119 74% Community Bin 7 1% 0 0% 4 1% 3 2% Municipal Collection - At Home 76 13% 10 6% 11 4% 55 34%
Municipal Collection - Designated Area 93 15% 51 32% 31 11% 11 7%
No Response 1 0% 0 0% 0 0% 1 1%
Figures are column percentages SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-41 Utilities Available in the Area - Electricity
CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
Source of Electricity
WAPDA 595 99% 159 99% 281 100% 155 97%
Generator 5 1% 1 1% 4 1% 0 0%
UPS 2 0% 2 1% 0 0% 0 0% No Response 6 1% 1 1% 0 0% 5 3%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-42 Utilities Available in the Area - Cooking Fuel
CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
Page | 204
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
Source of Cooking Fuel
Piped Gas 127 21% 2 1% 122 43% 3 2%
Wood 366 61% 122 76% 112 40% 132 83%
Cylinder Gas 359 60% 121 76% 130 46% 108 68%
Kerosene 44 7% 23 14% 20 7% 1 1%
Electricity 57 9% 18 11% 35 12% 4 3%
Others 4 1% 2 1% 2 1% 0 0%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-43 Utilities Available in the Area - Access
CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
Access Availability
Road - Pacca 128 21% 26 16% 87 31% 15 9% Road - Kacha 223 37% 68 43% 56 20% 99 62%
Back Street 130 22% 42 26% 66 23% 22 14% Street - Pacca 126 21% 8 5% 114 41% 4 3% Street - Kacha 350 58% 117 73% 121 43% 112 70%
No Road 95 16% 31 19% 42 15% 22 14%
Others 4 1% 0 0% 4 1% 0 0%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-44 Utilities Available in the Area - Availability of Services
CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
Availability of Services
Postal 531 88% 126 79% 245 87% 160 100%
Bank 534 89% 128 80% 246 88% 160 100%
Fire Fighting 319 53% 54 34% 184 65% 81 51% Emergency Hospital 512 85% 121 76% 243 86% 148 93% Recreation/Pay Ground/Parks etc 418 70% 121 76% 210 75% 87 54%
Page | 205
School 582 97% 150 94% 272 97% 160 100%
Madrassa 582 97% 155 97% 267 95% 160 100%
Market 546 91% 140 88% 246 88% 160 100%
No Response 7 1% 2 1% 5 2% 0 0%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-45 Utilities Available in the Area - - Issues Related to Housing
CITY/DISTRICT Gilgit
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
Availability Services used
Threats of Flooding 143 24% 28 18% 108 38% 7 4%
Threats of Seismic Activity 408 68% 117 73% 212 75% 79 49% Threats of Landslide 116 19% 18 11% 76 27% 22 14% Ownership/Tenure dispute 25 4% 10 6% 12 4% 3 2% Suffocation (lack of windows/openings) 178 30% 45 28% 95 34% 38 24% Poor Construction quality 309 51% 102 64% 123 44% 84 53%
House is Small 353 59% 104 65% 160 57% 89 56% Poor sanitary conditions 461 77% 130 81% 200 71% 21% 82%
Road Accidents 127 21% 52 33% 42 15% 1% Neighbourhood
dispute 67 11% 21 13% 44 16% 2 Others 34 6% 3 2% 30 11% 1 1%
No Response 32 5% 3 2% 11 4% 18 11%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey
TABLE-46 Utilities Available in the Area - Important Problems
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count % Count % Count % Count %
BASE: All respondents 601 100% 160 100% 281 100% 160 100%
Important Problems
Water problem (Shortage, Unavailability, Unclean etc) 410 68% 105 66% 197 70% 108 68% Sanitary problem /Poor sanitary condition 311 52% 102 64% 142 51% 67 42%
Electricity load shedding 195 32% 76 48% 78 28% 41 26% Poor Construction of Road / Street 160 27% 42 26% 61 22% 57 36%
Health Facility 146 24% 40 25% 50 18% 56 35%
Page | 206
(BHU/Hospital/Dispensary etc) Education (poor quality, less schools / college, women education etc) 124 21% 35 22% 60 21% 29 18%
Play Ground/Parks 110 18% 25 16% 27 10% 58 36%
Others 69 11% 14 9% 28 10% 27 17%
Jobless/Un-employment 60 10% 6 4% 41 15% 13 8% Repair of house/construction of house/Small house 57 9% 6 4% 21 7% 30 19%
Latrine Problem 27 4% 0 0% 27 10% 0 0%
Transport Problem 27 4% 13 8% 14 5% 0 0%
Inflation 24 4% 2 1% 3 1% 19 12%
Market (No / for away) 16 3% 8 5% 8 3% 0 0%
Gas load shedding 10 2% 0 0% 10 4% 0 0%
Low monthly income 8 1% 3 2% 4 1% 1 1%
Flood 8 1% 0 0% 0 0% 8 5%
Kitchen Problem 7 1% 0 0% 7 2% 0 0%
Dust/Air Pollution 7 1% 0 0% 4 1% 3 2%
No Response 6 1% 0 0% 6 2% 0 0%
Land Sliding 4 1% 0 0% 0 0% 4 3%
Debt repayment 3 0% 0 0% 3 1% 0 0%
Sickness/Illness 3 0% 0 0% 3 1% 0 0%
Population enhancement 3 0% 3 2% 0 0% 0 0%
Peace & Security 1 0% 1 1% 0 0% 0 0%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey - GILGIT
TABLE-47 Utilities Available in the Area - Development Preference
TOTAL AREA TYPE
Inner City City Periphery
Count
% Coun
t %
Count
% Coun
t %
BASE: All respondents 601
100% 160
100% 281
100% 160
100%
Development preference
Water Supply/Provision of Water 327 54% 79 49% 167 59% 81 51% Drainage system/Sewerage system 162 27% 20 13% 115 41% 27 17%
Construct Road / Street 138 23% 41 26% 44 16% 53 33% BHU/Hospital/Dispensary 129 21% 31 19% 51 18% 47 29% Education / School / Madersa 124 21% 36 23% 37 13% 51 32%
Built Playground / Park 123 20% 23 14% 33 12% 67 42%
Sanitation 122 20% 69 43% 24 9% 29 18%
Water Filter Plant 81 13% 25 16% 36 13% 20 13% Electricity Load shedding 64 11% 38 24% 9 3% 17 11%
Page | 207
Vocational training institute 48 8% 24 15% 1 0% 23 14%
Solid Waste Disposal 46 8% 2 1% 43 15% 1 1%
Employment/Jobs 42 7% 7 4% 27 10% 8 5% Dust Bin/Community Dust Bin 29 5% 4 3% 14 5% 11 7%
construct Street 24 4% 1 1% 21 7% 2 1%
To Finish inflation 18 3% 0 0% 18 6% 0 0% Repair of House/Construction of House 12 2% 0 0% 7 2% 5 3%
Others 12 2% 5 3% 4 1% 3 2%
No response 11 2% 1 1% 9 3% 1 1%
Gas supply 7 1% 0 0% 7 2% 0 0%
Street lights 4 1% 0 0% 4 1% 0 0%
Figures are column percentages
SOURCE: Socio Economic Survey - GILGIT
Page | 208
Summary:
Some of the overall trends that were identified based on the socio economic analysis were:
Economic trends - Most spending was identified to be on health.
- Even though utilities are subsidised in Gilgit Baltistan, still a sizable income is being
spent on utilities.
- Food is also a major spending, even though house sizes are much larger, and agriculture
and dairy produce potentially can and is being grown in homes.
- Development as an economic and trade hub in the northern areas. This is indicative of a
sizable percentage of the population that is not permanently residing in this area.
Social Trends: - Education is the second most important expenditure amongst the expenses in Gilgit City.
This shows a rising level of awareness and a trend towards upward social mobility.
- It is also interesting to note that a sizable percentage of the population in Gilgit is not the
resident population but migrants that are said to be settled Migrant population involved in
trade and commerce. (refer to table 9)
Environmental Issues: (Refer to table 34, 35, 36, 37 and 46, 47) Water quality seems to be a major issue amongst the
respondent population. This in turn can have a direct effect on the health of the sample population and health related expenses. Overall, issues related to solid waste and sewerage disposal can lead to a general betterment in
the environment and health of the residents of city.
Physical layout: According to table 8, 8A and 9 indicates towards a pedestrian oriented city. While referring to table 33, most of the respondents walk to their work place, with less than 30% of the population
owning any form of vehicular asset. Gilgit city has the potential to develop on its compactness and create a grid of user friendly
pedestrian and vehicular interchanges. Overall potential to tap in an environmentally friendly city, with reduced carbon foot print.
Built Environment: At present, the exiting land is being subdivided over generations, resulting in encroachment of
agricultural land. Furthermore, there is a need to develop seismically sound structures; this can be coupled with the awareness and development of structures that enable for vertical growth instead of horizontal
sprawl. If the built structures can be accommodated to be seismically durable, as well as designed in
such a way to grow in vertical direction, this will give the option of save guarding the available land for agricultural produce.
Page | 209
Overall, it can be said that Gilgit has the social, economic and physical potential to develop into an environmental balance and develop into a model city within Gilgit Baltistan.
Page | 210
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
RELATION WITH HOUSEHOLD HEAD
Wife
Son
Daughter
Others
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
AGE OF THE HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS
0 - 5
6--10
11--15
16 - 20
21 - 25
26 - 30
31 - 35
36 - 40
41 - 45
46 - 50
51 - 55
56 - 60
61 - 65
APPENDIX 08: SOCIO-ECONOMIC DATA GRAPHS
Page | 211
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
MARITIAL STATUS OF HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS
Unmarried
Married
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
EDUCATION OF HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS
Illiterate
Primary School (Class V )
Secondary School (Metric)
HSC ( 12th Class)
University Graduate (BA / BSC / BE / Bcom)
Masters Degree and Above
Madrassah / Religious Education
NA / NR
Page | 212
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
OCCUPATION OF THE HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS Un-employed
Daily wage Labor
Driver
Office Worker
Shop Keeper
Agricultural Worker
Self Employed
School / College Teacher
Mechanic
Government Employee
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
PLACE OF OCCUPATION Amphary
Basin
Chinar Bagh
Danyore
domial
Gilgit
Govt School
Hunza
Islamabad
Jutial Gilgit
Karachi
kashrote
Khomar
KIU
Konodas
Lahore
Nagaral
sakawar
Sunikot
Zulfiqar abad
Others
NA / NR
Page | 213
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
MONTHLY INCOME OF HHNA / NR
Below 2500
2501 - 5000
5001 - 7500
7501 - 10,000
10,001 - 12,500
12,501 - 15,000
15,001 - 17,500
17,501 - 20,000
20,001 - 22,500
22,501 - 25,000
25,000 - 27,500
27,501 - 30,000
30,000+
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
TRAVEL MODE
Walking
Bicycle
Motocycle / Scooter
Car
Bus / Wagan / Pick-up
Contract Bus / Carrier
NA / NR
Page | 214
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
DAILY TRAVELLING COST
00 - 25
26 - 50
51 - 75
76 - 100
126 -150
176 -200
Above 250
NA / NR
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
TRAVEL TIME PER TRIP
00 - 15
16 -30
31 - 45
46 - 60
NA / NR
Page | 215
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
MOTHER TONGUE
Urdu
Pashto
Punjabi
Hindko
Brushaski
Kashmiri
Shina
Khuwar
Wakhi
NA / NR
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
PERIOD OF RESIDENCE
0 - 5
6--10
11--15
16 - 20
21 - 25
26 - 30
31 - 35
36 -above
Page | 216
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE - FOOD
Below Rs.5,000
Rs.5,001 -10,000
Rs.10,001-15,000
Above Rs.15,000
NA / NR
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE - UTILITY & ENERGY
Below Rs.2,000
Rs.2,001 - 5,000
Rs.5,001 -7,500
Above Rs.7,500
NA/ NR
Page | 217
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE - CHILDREN'S EDUCATION
Below Rs.1,000
Rs.1,001 - 5,000
Rs.5,001 - 7,500
Rs.7,501 -10,000
Above Rs.10,000
NA/ NR
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE - HEALTH CARE
Below Rs.1,000
Rs.1,001 -5,000
Rs.5,001 -7,500
Rs.7,501 -10,000
Above Rs.10,000
NA/ NR
Page | 218
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
HOME RENT / MAINTENANCE
Below Rs.2,000
Rs.2,001 -5,000
Rs.5,001 -7,500
Rs.7,501 -10,000
Above Rs.10,000
NA/ NR
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
DEBT REPAYMENT
Below Rs.1,000
Rs.1,001 -5,000
Rs.5,001 -7,500
Above Rs.10,000
NA/ NR
Page | 219
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE - SOCIAL ENTERTAINMENT
Below Rs.1,000
Rs.1,001 -5,000
Rs.5,001 -7,500
Rs.7,501 -10,000
NA/ NR
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE - FARE & TRANSPORT
Below Rs.1,000
Rs.1,001 -5,000
Rs.5,001 -7,500
Rs.7,501 -10,000
Above Rs.10,000
NA/ NR
Page | 220
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
SAVING / COMMITTEE
Yes
No
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
SAVING / COMMITTEE (IF YES) (Rs.)
Below Rs.2,000
Rs.2,001 -5,000
Rs.5,001 -7,500
Rs.7,501 -10,000
Above Rs.10,000
Page | 221
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
PURPOSE OF SAVINGS
House Constrution
Marriages
Education
Debt Serving
Others
NR / NR
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
HOUSING STATUS
Owned
Rented
Jointly owned
Others
NA/ NR
Page | 222
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
No. OF ROOMS
1 Room
2 Rooms
3 Rooms
4 Rooms
5 Rooms
6 Rooms & more
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
NO. OF STORIES
1 Storey
2 Stories
3 Stories
NA/ NR
Page | 223
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
PLOT SIZE (Marlas)
Less than 3 marlas
3 - 5 marlas
5 - 7 marlas
7 - 10 marlas
10 - 15 marlas
15 - 20 marlas
20 marlas & above
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
COURTYARD
Houses with courtyards
Houses without courtyards
NA/ NR
Page | 224
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
CONSTRUCTION & TECHNOLOGY - STRUCTURE
RCC Frame
RBC Frame
Load Bearing
NA/ NR
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
CONSTRUCTION & TECHNOLOGY - WALLS
Stone/Bricks
Mat
Mud
Blocks
Page | 225
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
CONSTRUCTION & TECHNOLOGY - ROOFS
RCC
RBC
Girder-Tier
CGI Sheets
Wooden
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
CONSTRUCTION & TECHNOLOGY - LATRINE
Covered
Semi Covered
Page | 226
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
CONSTRUCTION & TECHNOLOGY - KITCHEN
Covered
Semi Covered
None
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
SPACE UTILIZATION
All Residential
Residential + Shop
Residential + Warehouse
Page | 227
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
ASSETS AVAILABLE - TV
Yes No
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
ASSETS AVAILABLE - RADIO
Yes No
Page | 228
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
ASSETS AVAILABLE - REFRIGERATOR/FREEZER
Yes No
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
ASSETS AVAILABLE - LANDLINE PHONE
Yes
No
Page | 229
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
ASSETS AVAILABLE - CELLULAR PHONE
Yes No
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
ASSETS AVAILABLE - WASHING MACHINE
Yes No
Page | 230
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
ASSETS AVAILABLE - CD/VCD/DVD PLAYER
Yes No
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
ASSETS AVAILABLE - PERSONAL COMPUTER
Yes No
Page | 231
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
ASSETS AVAILABLE - ELECTRIC FAN
Yes No
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
ASSETS AVAILABLE - HEATER
Yes No
Page | 232
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
ASSETS AVAILABLE - CAR
Yes No
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
ASSETS AVAILABLE - JEEP / VAN
Yes No
Page | 233
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
ASSETS AVAILABLE - MOTORCYCLE
Yes No
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
ASSETS AVAILABLE - BICYCLE
Yes
No
Page | 234
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
WATER SUPPLY SOURCE - TAP / PIPED
Own
Neighbors
NA / NR
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
WATER SUPPLY SOURCE - WELL / HAND PUMP
Own
Neighbors
NA / NR
Page | 235
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
WATER SUPPLY SOURCE - TANK WATER
Tank Water
NA / NR
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
WATER SUPPLY SOURCE - TUBE WELL
Tube Well
NA / NR
Page | 236
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
WATER SUPPLY - TREATMENT
Boiling
Filtering
None
Others
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
WATER AVAILABILITY - DRINKING
Yes No
Page | 237
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
WATER AVAILABILITY - OTHER USE
Yes No
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
WATER STORAGE
Overhad Tank
Underground Tank
Large Plastic tank with tap
Large Plastic tank without tap
Don't store
Others
Page | 238
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
TOTAL Inner City City Periphery
O & M
Government
Community
Others
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
SatisfactoryUn-SatisfactoryNA / NR SatisfactoryUn-SatisfactorySatisfactoryUn-SatisfactoryNA / NR
Government Community Others
O & M
TOTAL
Inner City
City
Periphery
Page | 239
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
WASTE WATER DISPOSAL
Piped sewerage with septic tankOpen Drain
Pit Latrine
Field/Bush
NA / NR
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
Open Dumping-NearArea
Open Dumping- At Far Distance
Burning
Community Bin
Munisiple Collection -At Home
Munisiple Collection -Designated Area
Page | 240
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
ELECTRICITY
WAPDA
Generator
NA / NR
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
COOKING FUEL
Piped Gas
Wood
Cylinder Gas
Kerosene
Electricity
Others
Page | 241
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
ACCESS
Road -Pacca
Road -Kacha
Back Street
Street -Pacca
Street -Kacha
No Road
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
AVAILABILITY OF SERVICES
Postal
Bank
Fire Fighting
Emergency Hospital
Recreation/Play Ground/Parks etc
School
Madrassal
Market
Page | 242
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
USAGE OF SERVICES
Postal
Bank
Fire Fighting
Emergency Hospital
Recreation/Play Ground/Parks etc
School
Madrassal
Market
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
ISSUES RELATED TO HOUSING
Threats of Flooding
Threats of Seismic Activity
Threats of Landslide
Ownership/Tenure dispute
Suffocation (lack of windows/openings)
Poor Construction quality
House in Small
Poor sanitary conditions
Road Accidents
Neighborhood dispute
Others
NA / NR
Page | 243
-25%
0%
25%
50%
75%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
PROBLEMS (Top 5)
Water problem
Sanitary problem /Poor sanitary
condition
Electricity load shedding
Poor Construction of Road
Health Facility (BHU/Hospital/Disp
ensary etc)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
TOTAL Inner city City Periphery
MOST IMPORTANT PROJECTS (Top 3)
Water Supply/Provision of Water
Drainage system/Sewerage system
Construct Road
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