FINAL REPORT - Philippine Statistics Authority APIS FINAL... · 2018. 10. 9. · The APIS is designed to provide estimates for income and non-income indicators related to poverty

APIS 2017Annual Poverty Indicators Survey

FINAL REPORT

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

PHILIPPINE STATISTICS AUTHORITY

VISIONSolid, responsive, world-class authority on

quality statistics and civil registration

MISSIONDeliver relevant, reliable statistics and civil

registration services for equitabledevelopment towards improved quality of

life for all

APIS 2017Annual Poverty Indicators Survey

FINAL REPORT




ISSN 0119-7851


PRESIDENT RODRIGO ROA DUTERTEHIS EXCELLENCY

LISA GRACE S. BERSALES, Ph.D. Undersecretary

National Statistician and Civil Registrar General

Published by the Philippine Statistics Authority

PSA Complex East Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City 1101

Philippines

July 2018

FOREWORD

The Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) is pleased to present this final report on the 2017 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS). It is primarily meant to provide non-income poverty indicators that can be used for assessment of the Filipino family’s living conditions. It provides information on the demographic characteristics, education, economic characteristics, housing characteristics, access to safe water supply and sanitation, expenditure and income of the families, and other information that can be used to assess and monitor the poverty situation in the country. The module on Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WaSH) was included as a commitment to the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 in promoting people’s access to drinking water and sanitation. The report aims to provide statistics to the planners and policy makers as inputs to planning, assessment and evaluation of the various programs designed to reduce poverty incidence in the country. The APIS offers data for the general public, researchers, or institutions which may be used for studies related to poverty and its correlates like education; water, sanitation and housing; and employment. The PSA wishes to extend its sincerest gratitude to the individuals and organizations who contributed to the successful completion of the APIS 2017. Above all, we thank the thousand of households who liberally shared their time, effort and information during the data collection.

LISA GRACE S. BERSALES, Ph.D. Undersecretary National Statistician and Civil Registrar General Quezon City, Philippines July 2018

Philippine Statistics Authority | 2017 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD...............................................................................................................III

LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................... VI

LIST OF FIGURES.................................................................................................. VIII

BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................... 1

OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY ...................................................................................... 1

SAMPLING DESIGN ..................................................................................................... 1

RESPONSE RATE ....................................................................................................... 2

LIMITATIONS OF THE DATA ......................................................................................... 2

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE ........................................................................................... 3

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS ...................................................................................... 4

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE APIS 2017 RESULTS ........................................................... 7

A. FAMILY SIZE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILY HEAD ........................... 7

A.1 Average Family Size ............................................................................ 7

A.2 Age and Sex of Family Head ............................................................... 7

A.3 Educational Attainment of Family Head .............................................. 9

A.4 Employment of Family Head ............................................................... 9

B. HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS ...................................................................... 10

B.1 Tenure Status of Housing Unit and Lot ................................................. 10

B.2 Floor Area of Housing Unit ................................................................ 10

B.3 Type Of Building/House .................................................................... 11

B.4 Construction Materials of the Roof and Outer Walls .......................... 12

B.5 Electricity .......................................................................................... 13

B.6 Main Source of Water Supply and Drinking Water ............................. 13

B.7 Sanitation Facility ............................................................................. 16

B.8 Household Conveniences ................................................................. 17

C. EDUCATION .................................................................................................... 18

C.1 Highest Grade Completed of Population 5 Years and Over ................ 18

C.2 Attendance in School of Persons 3 to 24 Years Old .......................... 19

C.3 Reasons for not Attending School .................................................... 21

C.4 Children in Grade 1 to Grade 6 .......................................................... 22

C.5 Children in Junior High School (Grade 7 to Grade 10) ....................... 22

D. ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................... 22

D.1 Families with Working Members 18 Years Old and Over.................... 22

D.2 Families with Working Children 5-17 Years Old ................................. 23

D.3 Families Engaged in Any Economic Activity ..................................... 24

E. FAMILY INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ........................................................... 25

E.1 Total Family Income .......................................................................... 25

E.2 Family Expenditure and Saving ......................................................... 26

E.3 Average Per Capita Income and Average Per Capita Expenditure ..... 27

Philippine Statistics Authority | 2017 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey v

F. OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION ................................................................ 29

F.1 Hunger .............................................................................................. 29

F.2 Availment of Loan ............................................................................. 30

APPENDIX A ........................................................................................................... 31

APIS 2017 QUESTIONNAIRE ...................................................................................... 31

APPENDIX B ........................................................................................................... 93

TECHNICAL AND SURVEY STAFF ............................................................................... 93

Philippine Statistics Authority | 2017 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey vi

LIST OF TABLES

No. Title Page

1 Families by Selected Background Characteristics of the Family Head by Income Stratum and Sex, Philippines 2017.....................................................

8

2 Families by Tenure Status of the Housing Unit and Lot They Occupy by

Income Stratum, Philippines 2017................................................................... 10

3 Families by Floor Area of Housing Unit They Occupy by Income Stratum,

Philippines 2017............................................................................................... 11

4 Families by Type of Building/House They Reside in by Income Stratum,

Philippines 2017............................................................................................... 12

5 Families by Type of Construction Materials of the Roof of Building They

Occupy by Income Stratum, Philippines 2017................................................. 13

6 Families by Type of Construction Materials of the Outer Walls of Building

They Occupy by Income Stratum, Philippines 2017........................................ 13

7.1 Families with Electricity in House/Building They Reside in and Families by

Main Source of Water Supply by Income Stratum, Philippines 2017............... 14

7.2 Families by Source of Drinking Water, Treatment of Drinking Water and

Sufficiency of Water by Income Stratum, Philippines 2017............................. 15

8 Families by Type of Sanitation Facility They Use by Income Stratum,

Philippines 2017.............................................................................................. 17

9 Families Owning Household Conveniences by Income Stratum,

Philippines 2017.............................................................................................. 18

10 Population Aged 5 Years or Over by Highest Grade Completed by Income

Stratum and Sex, Philippines 2017.................................................................. 19

11 Population Aged 3 to 24 Years by Schooling Status by Income Stratum,

Sex and Age Group, Philippines 2017............................................................ 20

12 Population Aged 3 to 24 Years Who Were Attending School by Grade/Year

Level Attending, Income Stratum, and Sex, Philippines 2017......................... 20

13 Population aged 6 to 24 Years Who Were Not Attending School Reason for

Not Attending School by Income Stratum and Sex, Philippines 2017............. 21

14 Families with Children Aged 6 to 11 Years in Grade 1 to 6 by Income

Stratum, Philippines 2017................................................................................ 22

Philippine Statistics Authority | 2017 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey vii

LIST OF TABLES

No. Title Page

15 Families with Children Aged 12 to 15 Years in Junior High School Education

by Income Stratum, Philippines 2017.............................................................. 22

16 Families with Members Aged 18 Years or Over Who are Gainfully Employed

by Income Stratum, Philippines 2017.............................................................. 23

17 Families with Members Aged 5 to 17 Years Who are Gainfully Employed by


18 Families Engaged in Any Economic Activity by Income Stratum,

Philippines 2017............................................................................................... 24

19 Employed Persons Aged 5 Years and Over by Class of Worker and Income

Stratum, Philippines 2017................................................................................ 25

20 Total Family Income Derived by Source of Income, by Income Stratum,

Philippines January to June 2017.................................................................... 26

21 Total Family Expenditure by Major Expenditure Group by Income Stratum,

Philippines January to June 2017.................................................................... 27

22 Total Family Income, Expenditure and Savings, Average Family Income and

Expenditure, and Average Per Capita Income and Expenditure by Income

Stratum, Philippines January to June 2017............................................ 28

23 Total Family Income Derived by Source of Income and Decile, Philippines

January to June 2017............................................................................. 28

24 Total Family Income, Expenditure and Savings, Average Family Income and

Expenditure, and Average Per Capita Income and Expenditure by Decile,

Philippines January to June 2017........................................................... 29

25 Families with at Least One Member Who Experienced Hunger in the Past 3

Months Preceding the Survey by Frequency of Experiencing Hunger by


26 Percentage of Families Who Availed of Loan From January to June 2017 by


27 Families Who Availed of Loan From January to June 2017 by Income

Stratum and Source of Loan, Philippines 2017................................................ 30

Philippine Statistics Authority | 2017 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey viii

LIST OF FIGURES

No. Title Page

1 Average Family Size by Income Stratum, Philippines 2017............................ 7

2 Family Heads by Age and Sex, Philippines 2017............................................ 7

3 Family Heads by Highest Grade Completed, Philippines 2017....................... 9

4 Gainfully Employed Heads by Sex and Income Stratum, Philippines 2017..... 9

5 Families by Floor Area of Their Housing Unit, Philippines 2017...................…. 10

6 Families by Type of Building/House Where They Reside, Philippines 2017.… 11

7 Families by Type of Construction Materials of the Roof and Outer Walls of the

Building They Occupy, Philippines 2017............................................................. 12

8.1 Families by Main Source of Water Supply, Philippines 2017.............................. 13

8.2 Families by Main Source of Drinking Water, Philippines 2017............................ 14

9 Families by Type of Sanitation Facility Used, Philippines 2017.......................... 16

10 Families Owning Household Conveniences by Income Stratum,

Philippines 2017.................................................................................................. 17

11 Population Aged 5 Years or Over by Highest Grade Completed by Income

Stratum and Sex, Philippines 2017.................................................................... 18

12 Percentage of Families Engaged in Any Economic Activity by Income Stratum,

Philippines 2017.................................................................................................. 24

13 Family Income Derived by Source of Income, Philippines

January to June 2017.......................................................................................... 25

14 Total Family Expenditure by Major Expenditure Group by Income Stratum,

Philippines January to June 2017....................................................................... 27

Background

Philippine Statistics Authority | 2017 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey 1

BACKGROUND

The 2017 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS) is the twelfth in a series of poverty indicators survey conducted nationwide since 1998. The survey gathers data that can be used to generate income and non-income based poverty indicators to assess and monitor the poverty situation in the country. This also includes questions about access to drinking water, sanitation and hygiene.

OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY

The APIS is designed to provide estimates for income and non-income indicators related to poverty. It gathers data on the socio-economic profile of families and other information that are related to their living conditions.

Specifically, it generates information on indicators that are correlated with poverty in order to:

1. Determine family income;

2. Determine family expenditure pattern;

3. Determine the percent distribution of families in relation to the following

indicators:

a. ownership or owner-like possession of house and lot and the types of

the materials of the roofs and walls of their housing units, and presence

of electricity;

b. type of toilet and handwashing facility they use in their homes, main

source of water supply and source of drinking water;

c. ownership of household conveniences;

d. children 6-11 years old enrolled in Grade 1 to Grade 6;

e. children 12-15 years old enrolled in Junior High School (Grade to

Grade 10);

f. with members 18 years old and over who are employed and with

working children 5-17 years old;

g. who availed of loan and its sources

h. with at least one member who experienced hunger in the past 3

months

SAMPLING DESIGN

The 2013 Master Sample (2013 MS) is utilized by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) for household-based surveys. The 2013 MS is designed to produce reliable quarterly estimates of selected indicators at the national and regional levels. The design can also provide reliable province level estimates after completing four quarterly rounds of about 45,000 samples for each round or a total of 180,000 sample housing unit.

Background


In the 2013 MS, each sampling domain (i.e, province/HUC) is subdivided into numbers of exhaustive and non-overlapping area segments known as Primary Sampling Units (PSUs). Each PSU is formed to consist of about 100 to 400 households. A single PSU can be a barangay/Enumeration Area (EA) or a portion of a large barangay or two or more adjacent small barangays/EAs. For the whole country, about 81 thousand PSUs are formed from more than 42 thousand barangays.

From the ordered list of PSUs, all possible systematic samples of 6 PSUs were drawn to form a replicate for the most of the province domain or 75 out of 81 provinces. On the other hand, for the majority of highly urbanized cities, all possible systematic samples of 8 PSUs will be drawn to form a replicate.

The APIS 2017 used one replicate of the quarterly sample of the MS or about 11,000 sample households deemed sufficient for national estimates.

RESPONSE RATE

Of the 10,478 eligible sample households for the APIS 2017, 10,159 were successfully interviewed. This translated to a response rate of 97 percent at the national level. The response rate is the ratio of the total households who were completely interviewed to the total eligible households. Eligible households consisted of households who were completely interviewed, refused to be interviewed, temporarily away, not at home or on vacation, and those located in critical or flooded areas during the survey period.

LIMITATIONS OF THE DATA

Data gathered from APIS are results of a sample survey and are therefore subject to sampling variations, that is, sampling errors are expected since the data are not obtained through complete enumeration or census.

The survey covered a national sample of households deemed sufficient to provide estimates about the population at the national level only. Hence, tabulations and cross-tabulations of variables at lower geographic levels are not generated since these may not be statistically reliable.

Survey estimates may also be affected by non-sampling errors such as deliberate under or over reporting of income and expenditures or unwillingness on the part of the respondents to reveal their true levels of income/expenditures.

Moreover, considering that both cash and non-cash expenditures and income are gathered in APIS, valuation of non-cash income and expenditures may cause some problems. The instructions are to use market prices prevailing in the locality for goods and services received as gifts, and farm gate prices for goods consumed from own production. However, market prices may not be available for all items in the locality or market prices/farm gate prices may be highly unpredictable for different localities.

Background


Furthermore, data users attempting to match the APIS and the Family Income and Expenditures Survey (FIES) should take note of the differences in the reference period. The FIES is conducted in two visits covering the periods January to June and July to December while the APIS covers January to June only.

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

APIS Form 1 is the survey questionnaire that contains questions on the following topics:

• Geographic Identification and Other Family Information - region,

province, municipality, barangay, address, result of visit and code, names

of household head and respondent and the certification portion.

• Demographic Characteristics - obtain information of all family members

such as name of family head, relationship to the head, sex, age and

marital status.

• Schooling Status and Highest Grade Completed - determines whether

a family member aged 3 to 24 years is currently attending formal school,

and if so, the grade or year the member is currently attending. If not

attending, then the reason for not attending school is asked. It determines

if the family members 3 to 5 years old are attending/have attended early

education or learning system in order to assess their ‘school readiness’. It

also determines the educational attainment of the family members 5 years

old and over.

• Economic Characteristics - obtain information on the job or business of

each family member 5 years old and over have during the past six months.

It also includes questions on occupation and business the family member

engaged in.

• Housing, Water, Sanitation and Hygiene - obtains information about the

family’s housing characteristics and conveniences/amenities owned by the

family. The main source of water supply and kind of toilet facility they

used.

• Other Relevant Information - to determine whether or not the family

makes use of any form of credit in financing the family’s needs. It also

determines the source of loan. Also obtains information if a family

member experienced hunger because he or she did not have food to eat.

Background


• Social Protection – obtains information about programs that seek to

reduce poverty and vulnerability to risks and enhance the social status and

rights of the marginalized by promoting and protecting their livelihood and

employment, protecting them against hazards and sudden interruptions or

loss of income, and improving their capacity to manage risks.

• Access to Government Services- aimed to further enhance the

established empirical baseline on the extent or pervasiveness of corruption

in the country.

• Family Expenditures - determines the expenses made by the family

purely from family members’ personal consumption.

• Salaries and Wages - obtain information about the occupation of the

family member 10 years old and over in the past six months.

• Net Share of Crops, Fruits and Vegetables Produced, Aquaculture

Products Harvested or Livestock and Poultry Raised by Other

Households - this is the net share from crops, fruits and vegetables

produced, aquaculture products harvested or livestock and poultry raised

by other family even without a landlord-tenant relationship.

• Family Sustenance Activities (FSA) – includes activities in the

production of goods mainly for home consumption only and if there was a

disposal, consumed and/or a small proportion was sold, given away, etc.

during the reference period.

• Other Sources of Income - obtains information on other sources of

income not derived from work.

• Entrepreneurial Activities –are activities that determine if any member of

the family is engaged as operator or self-employed in any agricultural or

non-agricultural family-operated activities. If engaged, this section asks for

the total net income, value consumed and value given away as gifts of the

products derived/produced from such activity.

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS

Bottom 30% – The Bottom 30% refers to families in the bottom 30 percent of the total income distribution arranged in descending order of the family per capita income. This grouping of families was used as a proxy for those falling below the poverty line.

Background


Top 70% – The Upper 70 % refers to the upper 70 percent of the total families in the income distribution arranged in descending order of the family per capita income. It is the complement of the bottom 30 percent.

Respondent – Is the head of the family or his/her spouse or any responsible adult family member who can provide accurate answers to all or most of the questions in the survey.

Family– Aggregate of persons bound by ties of kinship, who live together under the same roof and eat together or share in common the family food. For the purpose of this survey, a family can be classified as a nuclear family, extended family or a single person family. For a household comprising of members who are not related with each other by blood, marriage or adoption, only the head of the household is considered. This case is a single person family.

Family head - An adult member of the family who is responsible for the care and organization of the family or who is regarded as such by the members of the family.

Highest educational attainment - The highest grade or year completed in school, college or university.

Work - Any activity a person does for pay, profit or without pay on family farm or enterprise, or an activity done by a farm operator or member of his family on another’s farm on “exchange labor” arrangement. In addition, any activity that a person does during the reference period in relation to minor activities such as home gardening, raising of crops or fruit bearing trees, raising hogs/poultry, and fishing for home consumption, and manufacturing for home use are also considered as work.

Floor area - The area enclosed by the exterior walls of the housing unit. In case of several floors, the area of the housing unit is the sum of areas of all floors.

Family expenditures – refer to the expenses or disbursement made by the family purely for personal consumption during January to June 2017. Value consumed from net share of crops, fruits and vegetables produced, aquaculture products harvested or livestock raised by other households, family sustenance and entrepreneurial activities are considered as family expenditures. Gifts, support, assistance or relief in goods and services received by the family from friends, relatives, and others, are also included as part of family expenditure.

These exclude all expenses in relation to farm or business operations, investment ventures, purchase of real property, and other disbursements which do not involve personal consumption.

Family income - total family income includes primary income and receipts from other sources received by all family members during January to June 2017, as participants in any economic activity or as recipients of transfers, pensions or grants. Primary income includes: salaries and wages, commissions, tips, bonuses, family and clothing allowances, transportation and representation allowances, honoraria, and other forms of compensation; and net receipts derived from the operation of family-operated enterprises or activities, and practice of a profession or trade.

Background


Income from other sources include: imputed rental values of owner-occupied dwelling units, interest, rentals including landowner’s share of agricultural products, pensions, support, and value of food and non-food items received as gifts by the family (as well as the imputed value of services rendered free of charge to the family). Also included as part of family income are receipts from family sustenance activities which are not considered as family-operated enterprise.

Proportion of families with owned or owner-like possession of housing units – The ratio of the number of families with housing unit owned or amortized to the total number of families.

Proportion of families with houses made of strong materials – The ratio of the number of families with houses having roofs and outer walls made of strong materials such as galvanized iron/aluminum, tile, concrete, bricks stone and asbestos to the total number of families.

Proportion of families with electricity in the house/building they reside in and access to safe water supply – The ratio of the number of families who access water from community water system (piped into their dwelling, yard/plot or public tap) and protected wells to the total number of families with electricity in the house they reside in.

Proportion of families owning household conveniences – The ratio of the number of families owning household conveniences such as car, motorcycle, boat, aircon, washing machine, gas range/oven, refrigerator, personal computer, cellular phone, telephone/landline, stereo set/audio component, karaoke/videoke/magic sing, cd/vcd/dvd player, television, and radio/cassette player.

Proportion of families with sanitation facility – The ratio of the number of families by type of sanitation facility.

Proportion of families with gainfully employed family head – The ratio of the number of families with a family head who is gainfully employed to the total number of families.

Proportion of families with gainfully employed members 18 years old and over – The ratio of the number of families with employed members 18 years old and over to the total number of families with members 18 years old and over.

Proportion of families with children 6 - 11 years old in Grade 1 to Grade 6 – The ratio of the number of families with children 6-11 years old attending Grade 1 to Grade 6 to the total number of families with children 6-11 years old.

Proportion of families with children 12 - 15 years old in Junior High School (Grade 7 to Grade 10) – The ratio of the number of families with children 12-15 years old attending Junior High School to the total number of families with children 12-15 years old.

Proportion of families with members 5 - 17 years old who are working – The ratio of the number of families with children 5-17 years old who are working to the total number of families with children 5-17 years old.

Highlights of the APIS 2017 Results


HIGHLIGHTS OF THE APIS 2017 RESULTS

Results of the survey are presented in this report using the Bottom 30% and Top 70% income strata. These strata were formed according to families per capita income arranged from highest to lowest, wherein the first stratum is composed of families whose income fall or at the bottom 30% while the second group comprised of families belonging to the top 70% of the income bracket.

A. FAMILY SIZE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILY HEAD

Information on the family size and characteristics of the family head can provide information about the economic status of a family.

A.1 AVERAGE FAMILY SIZE

As of July 2017, the estimated

number of families was 24.4 million with an average family size of 4.3 persons. Of the total families, 7.3 million belong to the Bottom 30% stratum and 17 million in the Top 70% stratum. The average family size of those in the Bottom 30% stratum tend to be higher (5.4) than the Top 70% group (3.9) [Figure 1].

A.2 AGE AND SEX OF FAMILY HEAD

In the Philippines, there were more families headed by males than females. The survey showed that 77% of the total families were headed by males and the remaining 23% were headed by females. The survey showed that female family heads were generally older than their male counterparts. Almosthalf (49%) of the female family heads were aged 55 years or over compared with 29% among the male heads. Results also showed that heads of families in the Bottom 30% tend to be younger than heads of families of the Top 70% stratum. About 27% of family heads in the Bottom 30% group were aged 55 or over while 36% in the same age group among the Top 70% stratum.



Table 1. Families by Selected Background Characteristics of the Family Head by Income Stratum and Sex, Philippines 2017

All income group Bottom 30% Top 70%

Both Sexes (Total, in thousands) 24,354 7,307 17,047

Age Group

Total 100 100 100

15 - 24 3.0 2.7 3.2

25 - 34 16.0 19.4 14.6

35 - 44 23.7 27.9 21.9

45 - 54 23.8 22.7 24.3

55 - 64 18.7 15.5 20.0

65 and over 14.8 11.9 16.1

Highest Grade Completed

Total 100 100 100No Grade Completed 2.0 4.7 0.8Pre-school (Kinder/Prep/Nursery) - - -Grade 1 to 6 (K12 program) 0.1 0.2 0.1Elementary Undergraduate 17.7 31.7 11.7Elementary Graduate 14.7 18.5 13.1Grade 7 to 12 (K12 program) 0.2 0.1 0.2High School Undergraduate 12.8 16.2 11.3High School Graduate 26.3 20.0 28.9Post Secondary 4.0 1.5 5.1College Undergraduate 9.6 4.5 11.7College Graduate or Higher 12.7 2.5 17.0SPED - - -

Employment Status

Total 100 100 100Employed 80.9 87.1 78.3Unemployed 19.1 12.9 21.7

Male (Total, in thousands) 18,772 6,251 12,521

Age Group

Total 100 100 100

15 - 24 3.0 2.5 3.3

25 - 34 17.8 20.8 16.3

35 - 44 25.8 30.1 23.6

45 - 54 24.6 23.4 25.3

55 - 64 17.7 13.9 19.6

65 and over 11.1 9.3 12.0


Total 100 100 100No Grade Completed 2.0 4.5 0.7Pre-school (Kinder/Prep/Nursery) - - -Grade 1 to 6 (K12 program) 0.1 0.1 0.1Elementary Undergraduate 18.3 31.8 11.6Elementary Graduate 14.4 18.3 12.5Grade 7 to 12 (K12 program) 0.2 0.0 0.2High School Undergraduate 13.7 16.9 12.2High School Graduate 27.2 19.7 31.0Post Secondary 4.0 1.6 5.3College Undergraduate 9.4 4.6 11.8College Graduate or Higher 10.6 2.4 14.7SPED - - -

Employment Status


Female (Total, in thousands) 5,582 1,056 4,526

Age Group

Total 100 100 100

15 - 24 3.0 3.6 2.8

25 - 34 10.0 10.8 9.8

35 - 44 16.7 14.7 17.1

45 - 54 21.0 18.7 21.6

55 - 64 21.9 24.9 21.2

65 and over 27.4 27.3 27.4


Total 100 100 100No Grade Completed 2.0 5.4 1.2Pre-school (Kinder/Prep/Nursery) 0.1 - 0.1Grade 1 to 6 (K12 program) 0.3 0.8 0.2Elementary Undergraduate 15.7 31.5 12.0Elementary Graduate 15.8 19.3 14.9Grade 7 to 12 (K12 program) 0.2 0.4 0.1High School Undergraduate 9.5 12.3 8.8High School Graduate 23.0 22.1 23.2Post Secondary 3.9 1.4 4.5College Undergraduate 10.1 3.7 11.6College Graduate or Higher 19.6 3.1 23.4SPED - - -

Employment Status


Note: "-" denotes less than 0.05 percentSource: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2017 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey

Income Stratum (Percent Distribution)Selected Background Characteristics



A.3 EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF FAMILY HEAD

Twenty-six percent (26%) or about one in four family heads had at least completed high school education. Specifically, about 14% attended/finished post secondary education or reached college but did not finish it, and 13% completed college or higher level of education.

The survey showed that a higher proportion of female heads (30%) had at least reached college level compared to their male counterpart (20%). Two in every ten female heads (20%) were college graduate or higher compared with 1 in 10 (11%) among male heads. Heads of families belonging to the Bottom 30% income stratum tend to attain lower level of education than the family heads among the Top 70% group. In the Bottom 30%, about seven percent (7%) of family heads had at least college education compared with 29% in the Top 70% group (Table 1).

A.4 EMPLOYMENT OF FAMILY HEAD

In 2017, eight out of 10

(81%) family heads were employed or had a job or business at anytime from January 1 to June 30, 2017 (Table 1). Male heads who were employed comprised 88% of all income groups. The corresponding proportion among female heads is lower at 56%.

The proportion of families with heads who had job or business was higher for the Bottom 30% stratum (87%) compared with that for the Top 70% income stratum (78%) [Table 1].



B. HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

The data on family’s housing characteristics can indicate the health and economic well being of families. In the APIS 2017, the tenure status of housing unit and lot, the floor area of housing unit, type of building or house and the construction materials of the roof and outer walls of the building were asked. Questions on the presence of electricity, main source of water supply, type of toilet facility used by the family were also included.

B.1 TENURE STATUS OF HOUSING UNIT AND LOT

In 2017, nearly 6 in 10 families (60%) own the house and lot they occupied. The remaining 40% occupied houses and lots under the following tenure: own house, rent-free lot with consent of owner (16%), rent house/room including lot (11%), rent-free house and lot with consent of owner (7%), own house, rent-free lot without consent of owner (4%), own house, rent lot (1%), or rent-free house and lot without consent of owner (1%). Among families in the Bottom 30% stratum, 52% owned their house and lot, while 63% among families in the Top 70% group.

B.2 FLOOR AREA OF HOUSING UNIT

The survey showed

that 37% of families were residing in housing units with floor area of at least 50 square meters (sq.m.). Families residing in housing units with a floor area ranging from 30 to 49 sq.m. comprised 31%; those living in housing units with a floor area of 10 to 29 sq.m. at 32%; and those residing in housing units with floor area of less than 10 sq.m. comprised less than 1%.

Table 2. Families by Tenure Status of the Housing Unit and Lot They Occupy by Income Stratum, Philippines 2017


Number of Families (Total, in thousands) 24,354 7,307 17,047

Total 100 100 100

Own house and lot or owner-like possession of house and lot 59.6 52.1 62.8

Rent house/ room including lot 10.8 3.8 13.8

Own house, rent lot 1.4 2.4 1.0

Own house, rent-free lot with consent of owner 15.8 25.8 11.5

Own house, rent-free lot without consent of owner 4.0 5.6 3.3

Rent-free house and lot with consent of owner 7.4 9.2 6.7

Rent-free house and lot without consent of owner 0.6 0.6 0.7

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2017 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey

Income Stratum (Percent Distribution)Tenure Status of the Housing Unit and Lot



Most of the families (46%) in the Bottom 30% occupied housing units with

floor area ranging from 10 to 29 sq.m., followed by families who occupied housing units with floor area ranging from 30 to 49 sq.m. (31%). About 22% of families belonging to the Bottom 30% stratum resided in housing unit with floor area of at least 50 sq.m. while 43% among the Top 70% group(Table 3).

B.3 TYPE OF BUILDING/HOUSE

Eighty-nine percent of Filipino families were residing in single houses (Table 4). The rest dwelt in apartments, accessoria, condominiums or townhouses (8%), duplex houses (3%), or commercial, industrial, agricultural buildings or houses (less than one percent).

Table 3. Families by Floor Area of Housing Unit They Occupy by Income Stratum, Philippines 2017



Total 100 100 100

Less than 10 0.5 0.9 0.3

10 - 29 32.0 46.3 25.9

30 - 49 30.6 30.8 30.5

50 - 79 18.9 13.6 21.2

80 - 119 11.2 5.3 13.7

120 - 149 2.3 1.3 2.8

150 - 199 2.0 0.9 2.4

200 and above 2.6 0.9 3.3


Income Stratum (Percent Distribution)Floor Area (in sq. m.)



B.4 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS OF THE ROOF AND OUTER WALLS

Most of the roofs and a great majority of the outer walls of houses in the Philippines were made of strong materials. Strong materials refer to galvanized iron or aluminum, tile, concrete, brick stone, while light materials refer to cogon, nipa or anahaw. About 84% of families had houses with strong roofs and 64% had strong outer walls (Tables 5 and 6).

As expected, a larger proportion of the Top 70% group of families had housing units made of strong roofs (89%) and outer walls (75%) compared with the Bottom 30% families (70% and 39%, respectively). About 19% of families in Bottom 30% group were living in a house with roof made of light materials, and 31% were living in houses with outer walls made of light materials.

Table 4. Families by Type of Building/House They Reside in by Income Stratum, Philippines 2017



Total 100 100 100

Single House 88.5 94.9 85.8

Duplex 3.0 1.8 3.5

Apartment/ accessoria/ condominium/ townhouse 8.3 3.1 10.6

Commercial/ industrial/ agricultural building/house 0.2 0.2 0.2


Income Stratum (Percent Distribution)Type of Building



B.5 ELECTRICITY

Almost all families have electricity in their homes. About 94% of families in the country have electricity in their homes. Eighty-five percent of families in the Bottom 30% stratum had electricity in their homes while 98% among the Top 70% stratum (Table 7).

B.6 MAIN SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY AND DRINKING WATER

Majority of Filipino

families main source of water supply were piped into dwelling (51%), followed by protected well (24%) or piped into yard or plot (7.4%). Around one percent of families still rely on natural sources such as rivers, streams. pond, lake or dam and from the rain.



Total 100 100 100

Strong materials 64.2 38.9 75.1

Light materials 15.4 31.0 8.7

Salvaged/ makeshift materials 2.2 3.3 1.7

Mixed but predominantly strong materials 12.1 15.8 10.6

Mixed but predominantly light materials 5.6 10.0 3.7

Mixed but predominantly salvaged materials 0.4 1.0 0.2


Income Stratum (Percent Distribution)Construction Materials of the Outer Walls

Table 6. Families by Type of Construction Materials of the Outer Walls of Building They Occupy by Income

Stratum, Philippines 2017



Total 100 100 100

Strong materials 83.6 70.1 89.4

Light materials 8.4 18.5 4.0

Salvaged/ makeshift materials 0.8 1.0 0.7

Mixed but predominantly strong materials 4.7 5.7 4.2

Mixed but predominantly light materials 2.2 3.8 1.6

Mixed but predominantly salvaged materials 0.3 0.8 0.1


Income Stratum (Percent Distribution)Construction Materials of the Roof

Table 5. Families by Type of Construction Materials of the Roof of Building They Occupy by Income

Stratum, Philippines 2017



Water refilling stations are becoming popular. Nationwide, almost 4 in every 10 families (39%) have their drinking water obtained from the refilling stations, while 2 in every 10 families have their drinking water piped into their dwelling. By income stratum, families in the Top 70% were more likely to obtain drinking water in the refilling stratum compared with families in the Bottom 30% stratum (Table 7.2).

The survey also revealed that 2 in every 3 families (77%) do not practice any method or treatment in making their drinking water safer to drink. Of the families who practiced method or treatment, boiling water (13%) is the most common treatment done. On the sufficiency of drinking water, majority (88%) of the families reported that drinking water is sufficient, however, there were some families who were unable to access sufficient quantities of drinking water because it is not available (6%), water is too expensive (1%), and water source is not accessible (1%).

Table 7.1 Families with Electricity in House/Building They Reside in and Families by Main Source of

Water Supply by Income Stratum, Philippines 2017



With Electricity 93.9 84.7 97.8

Main Source of Water Supply

Total 100 100 100

Community Water System

Dwelling 50.6 22.0 62.8

Yard/Plot 7.4 12.8 5.1

Public Tap 4.0 7.5 2.6

Protected Well 24.4 30.1 21.9

Unprotected Well 4.4 9.5 2.2

Developed Spring 3.5 7.1 2.0

Undeveloped Spring 1.9 4.9 0.6

Rivers/Stream/Pond/Lake/ Dam 0.7 1.6 0.3

Rain Water 0.3 0.6 0.2

Tanker Truck /Peddler/Neighbor 2.8 4.0 2.3


Income Stratum (Percent Distribution)Electricity/Main Source of Water Supply





Source of Drinking Water

Total 100 100 100

Piped into dwelling 20.3 12.3 23.7

Piped to yard/plot 5.3 10.2 3.1

Piped to neighbor 3.8 6.1 2.8

Public tap/stand pipe 4.3 8.9 2.3

Tube well/borehole 12.0 17.2 9.8

Protected well 3.3 5.6 2.3

Protected spring 3.4 6.3 2.2

Rain water 0.2 0.5 0.1

Water refilling station 38.6 17.6 47.5

Bottled water/sachet water 2.7 1.8 3.1

Unprotected well 1.9 5.0 0.6

Unprotected spring 2.0 5.4 0.6

Tanker truck/cart with small tank 1.1 1.3 1.1

Surface water 0.4 1.0 0.1

Other source 0.7 0.7 0.6

Water Treatment prior to drinking*

Boiled 12.6 16.8 10.7

Bleach/chlorine added 0.7 1.0 0.6

Strained through cloth 7.7 12.9 5.4

Ceramic, sand, compsite or other filter 2.4 1.0 3.0

Let it stand and settle 2.3 2.7 2.1

Solar disinfection 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other 0.4 0.1 0.6

Don’t know 0.1 0.1 0.2

No Treatment 76.6 69.3 79.8

Main Reson for Unable to Access Sufficient Water

Total 100 100 100

Water always sufficient 88.4 84.1 90.2

Water not available from source 5.7 8.1 4.6

Water too expensive 1.4 1.6 1.3

Water source not accessible 1.1 1.1 1.1

Other 2.5 3.9 1.9

Don't know 0.9 1.2 0.8

*Families may report multiple treatment methods so the sum of treatment may exceed 100 percent.


Table 7.2. Families by Source of Drinking Water, Treatment of Drinking Water, and Sufficiency of

Income Stratum (Percent Distribution)Drinking water characteristics

Water by Income Stratum: Philippines 2017



B.7 SANITATION FACILITY

Data about the sanitation facility used by the family provide indicators of health and sanitation status of families. One of its indicators is the proportion of families who used improved sanitation facilities. For this survey, improved sanitation facilities refer to flush to ‘piped sewer system’, ‘flush to septic tank’, ‘flush to pit latrine’, ‘ventilated improved pit latrine’, ‘pit latrine with slab’, ‘and composting toilet’.

Nationwide, about 74% of the Filipino families used improved sanitation facility that was not shared to other households while 15% of the total families used shared improved sanitation facility. Four percent of the families used unimproved toilet facility. Unimproved sanitation facilities refer to ‘flush to open drain’, ‘flush to don’t know where’, ‘pit latrine without slab/open pit’, ‘bucket’, ‘hanging toilet/hanging latrine’. There were 6% of families who did not use any sanitation facility. (Table 8) Families in the Bottom 30% had the higher percentage of not having a sanitation facility used compared with families in the Top 70% with 15% and 2%, respectively. In contrast, families in the Top 70% stratum were more likely to use improved sanitation facility than to the families in the Bottom 30% (Table 8)



B.8 HOUSEHOLD CONVENIENCES

Data on ownership of family conveniences provide proxy indicators of the economic status of the family. Cellular phone was the most common (87%) household appliance in Filipino homes, followed by television (78%) [Table 9].

As shown in Table 9, majority of families (91%) in the Top 70% group had at least one cellular phone while 78% of families belonging to the Bottom 30% group.

Table 8. Families by Type of Sanitaion Facility They Use by Income Stratum, Philippines 2017



Total 100 100 100

Flush to pipe/sewer system 4.6 2.2 5.6

Flush to septic tank 69.5 51.8 77.1

Flush to pit latrine 11.3 14.0 10.1

Flush to open drain 1.5 1.9 1.3

Flush to DK where 0.1 0.1 0.1

Ventilated latrine 1.6 2.1 1.4

Pit latrine with slab 1.9 4.3 0.8

Pit latrine without slab/open pit 1.5 3.9 0.4

Composing toilet 0.3 0.7 0.1

Bucket 0.2 0.3 0.1

Hanging toilet 1.2 2.6 0.6

No Toilet/Field/Bush 5.7 14.6 1.9

Other 0.8 1.4 0.5

Total 100 100 100

Shared Toilet Facility 23.6 38.2 17.4

Not Shared Toilet Facility 76.4 61.8 82.6


Income Stratum (Percent Distribution)Type of Sanitation Facility



C. EDUCATION

C.1 HIGHEST GRADE COMPLETED OF POPULATION 5 YEARS AND OVER

Members of families in the Top 70% families tend to have attained higher

level of education than members of families belonging to Bottom 30% group. Persons who had attained a college level and a higher level of education comprised 28% among Top 70% families compared to 7% among Bottom 30% families. Those who were high school graduates in Top 70% group of families comprised 22%, while 15%of families in the Bottom 30% group (Table 10).

Table 9. Families Owning Household Conveniences by Income Stratum, Philippines 2017



Cellular phone 87.0 77.7 91.0

Television 77.5 57.1 86.2

CD/VCD/DVD Player 30.7 17.1 36.5

Refrigerator/Freezer 38.1 10.1 50.1

Washing Machine 36.5 9.9 47.9

Radio/Radio Cassette Player 25.4 23.6 26.2

Motorcycle/tricycle 31.7 20.3 36.5

Personal Computer 22.4 3.6 30.4

Audio Component/Stereo Set 13.1 4.6 16.7

Stove with oven/Gas Range 12.7 1.9 17.3

Aircon 13.7 0.7 19.2

Car, Jeep, Van 8.4 0.7 11.7

Karaoke/Videoke/Magic Sing 8.4 3.4 10.6

Landline/ Wireless Telephone 6.5 0.4 9.2

Motorized boat/banca 2.5 4.1 1.8


Income Stratum (Percent Distribution)Type of Household Conveniences



Both

SexesMale Female

Both

SexesMale Female

Both

SexesMale Female

Population aged 5 Years or Over

(Total, in thousands)

93,520 47,067 46,453 33,436 17,235 16,201 60,084 29,832 30,252

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

No Grade Completed 3.8 4.0 3.6 6.4 6.8 6.0 2.4 2.4 2.3

Pre-school (Kinder/Prep/Nursery) 2.4 2.3 2.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 1.8 1.6 1.9

Grade 1 to 6 (K12 program) 15.2 15.9 14.5 21.3 21.8 20.7 11.8 12.5 11.2

Elementary Undergraduate 9.0 10.4 7.5 14.6 16.8 12.2 5.9 6.7 5.0

Elementary Graduate 8.1 8.1 8.1 9.7 9.9 9.5 7.2 7.1 7.3

Grade 7 to 12 (K12 program) 10.3 10.0 10.6 11.3 11.0 11.7 9.7 9.4 10.0

High School Undergraduate 8.1 8.9 7.3 9.6 9.9 9.3 7.3 8.3 6.3

High School Graduate 19.5 19.5 19.6 15.4 13.7 17.1 21.8 22.8 20.9

Post Secondary 3.3 3.2 3.4 1.5 1.2 1.8 4.3 4.3 4.2

College Undergraduate 9.4 9.0 9.7 4.9 4.0 5.8 11.9 11.9 11.8

College Graduate or Higher 10.9 8.5 13.2 1.9 1.4 2.4 15.8 12.7 18.9

SPED - 0.1 - - - - 0.1 0.1 0.1

Note: "-" denotes zero count or less than 0.05 percent


Table 10. Population Aged 5 Years or Over by Highest Grade Completed by Income Stratum and Sex, Philippines 2017

Income Stratum (Percent Distribution)

All income group Bottom 30% Top 70%Highest Grade Completed

C.2 ATTENDANCE IN SCHOOL OF PERSONS 3 TO 24 YEARS OLD

School refers to formal schools, including vocational/technical schools offering

post-secondary courses. Information on attendance in school of family members 3 to 5 years old was included to capture early childhood educational learning in schools like nursery, kindergarten and preparatory schools.

Of the estimated 46.4 million population 3 to 24 years old in 2017, around two-thirds (67%) were enrolled or attending school (Table 11). School attendance among members 3 to 24 years old of families in the Bottom 30% was 68% and 66% in the Top 70% families. By sex, of the total females of this specified age group, 68% attended school while 66% among males.

Of the total number of persons aged 3 to 24 years who were attending school, 28%, were children aged 6 to 9 years. Those in age group 10 to 12 years comprised 20%, and those aged 13 to 16 years, 25%.

Persons of school age in families belonging to the Top 70% were more likely to pursue higher education than those in the Bottom 30% population. While 13% of the school age populations in the Top 70% families were attending college or post graduate schools, the corresponding proportion in the Bottom 30% population was 4% (Table 12). The proportion of those attending Grade I to Grade VI was higher among the persons of school age in the Bottom 30% population compared to Top 70% population with 50% and 40%, respectively.



Table 11. Population Aged 3 to 24 Years by Schooling Status by Income Stratum, Sex and Age Group, Philippines 2017

Both

SexesMale Female

Both

SexesMale Female

Both

SexesMale Female

Population aged 3 to 24 Years

(Total, in thousands)46,381 23,860 22,521 20,209 10,649 9,559 26,172 13,211 12,962

Currently Attending (Total, in thousands) 31,085 15,670 15,415 13,709 7,019 6,690 17,377 8,651 8,725

Percent to Total 67.0 65.7 68.4 67.8 65.9 70.0 66.4 65.5 67.3

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

3 to 5 9.8 10.3 9.3 11.2 11.8 10.6 8.7 9.0 8.3

6 to 9 27.8 27.8 27.9 30.9 31.0 30.7 25.5 25.2 25.7

10 to 12 19.8 20.1 19.5 21.5 20.8 22.2 18.4 19.5 17.4

13 to 14 12.7 12.8 12.7 13.2 13.4 13.0 12.3 12.2 12.4

15 to 16 12.2 11.5 12.8 10.7 10.0 11.4 13.3 12.7 13.9

17 to 19 12.9 12.4 13.4 9.7 9.5 9.8 15.4 14.7 16.1

20 to 24 4.9 5.2 4.6 2.9 3.4 2.4 6.5 6.7 6.2

Not Currently Attending (Total, in thousands) 15,296 8,190 7,106 6,500 3,631 2,870 8,796 4,559 4,236

Percent to Total 33.0 34.3 31.6 32.2 34.1 30.0 33.6 34.5 32.7

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

3 to 5 27.0 26.5 27.6 34.1 33.7 34.6 21.7 20.7 22.8

6 to 9 1.0 1.3 0.6 1.6 1.9 1.2 0.5 0.8 0.1

10 to 12 0.7 0.8 0.6 1.2 1.4 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.3

13 to 14 1.4 1.8 1.0 2.6 3.4 1.6 0.6 0.6 0.5

15 to 16 3.4 4.9 1.6 4.4 6.1 2.4 2.6 4.0 1.1

17 to 19 12.3 13.4 11.1 13.7 15.0 12.0 11.4 12.2 10.5

20 to 24 54.2 51.2 57.6 42.3 38.4 47.3 63.0 61.5 64.7

Note: School refers to formal schools, including vocational/technical schools offering post-secondary courses



All income group Bottom 30% Top 70%Schooling Status and Age Group

Table 12. Population Aged 3 to 24 Years Who Were Attending School by Grade/Year Level Attending, Income Stratum,

and Sex, Philippines 2017

Both

SexesMale Female

Both

SexesMale Female

Both

SexesMale Female

Population aged 3 to 24 Years who were

Attending School (Total, in thousands)

31,085 15,670 15,415 13,709 7,019 6,690 17,377 8,651 8,725

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Pre-school (Prep/Kinder/Nursery) 10.2 10.9 9.6 12.3 13.1 11.4 8.6 9.0 8.2

Grades I to III 20.1 20.9 19.3 23.2 23.8 22.6 17.7 18.6 16.8

Grade IV 8.1 7.9 8.3 8.6 8.8 8.5 7.7 7.2 8.2

Grade V 7.8 7.6 8.1 8.6 8.0 9.2 7.2 7.2 7.2

Grade VI 7.7 8.6 6.9 9.2 9.8 8.7 6.5 7.6 5.5

Junior High School (Grade 7 to 10) 26.9 26.7 27.1 26.7 26.3 27.1 27.1 27.0 27.1

Senior High School (Grade 11 to 12 10.2 9.3 11.0 7.5 6.8 8.1 12.3 11.4 13.2

Post Secondary 0.1 - 0.1 0.1 - 0.1 0.1 0.1 -

College (Year 1 to Higher) 8.7 7.9 9.5 3.8 3.3 4.4 12.5 11.6 13.4

Master Undergraduate - - 0.1 - - - 0.1 - 0.1

SPED Undergraduate 0.1 0.1 0.1 - - - 0.2 0.3 0.2




All income group Bottom 30% Top 70%Grade/Level Attending



C.3 REASONS FOR NOT ATTENDING SCHOOL

There were more than 11 million aged 6 to 24 years who were not attending school in APIS 2017 (Table 13).

The common reasons for not attending school were employment or looking for work (25%), marriage or family matters (24%), lack of personal interest (17%), and high cost of education or financial concern (15%). Almost similar reasons reported by members of families who were not attending school in the Bottom 30% population: marriage or family matters (27%), lack of personal interest (26%), high cost of education or financial concern (18%), and employment or looking for work (18%). Among the Top 70% population, reasons were employment or looking for work (29%), marriage or family matters (22%), finished schooling or finished post secondary or college (20%), and high cost of education or financial concern (13%).

Among the male population aged 6 to 24 years, employment or looking for work (30%), lack of personal interest (25%), high cost of education or financial concerns (18%), and marriage or family matters (13%) were the top reasons why they were not attending school. A slightly different pattern was observed among females in the same age group, namely: marriage or family matters (37%), finished schooling or finished post secondary or college (19%), employment or looking for work (19%), and high cost of education or financial concerns (12%) were the reasons why they were not attending schools.

Philippines 2017

Both

SexesMale Female

Both

SexesMale Female

Both

SexesMale Female

Population aged 6 to 24 Years Who Were Not Attending

School (Total, in thousands)

11,169 6,022 5,147 4,282 2,405 1,877 6,887 3,617 3,270

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Accessibility of school 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.2

Illness/disability 2.7 2.9 2.4 3.4 3.6 3.1 2.3 2.5 2.0

Marriage/family matters 24.0 12.7 37.2 27.3 13.5 44.9 21.9 12.1 32.8

High cost of education/financial concern 15.0 17.7 11.7 18.1 21.3 14.0 13.0 15.4 10.4

Employment/looking for work 24.8 29.9 18.9 17.5 20.3 13.9 29.4 36.2 21.8

Finished schooling or finished post secondary or college 14.0 9.6 19.3 4.8 3.1 7.0 19.8 13.9 26.3

Lack of personal interest 17.2 24.8 8.4 26.4 35.8 14.5 11.5 17.5 4.9

Problem with school record/birth certificate 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.2

Too young to go to school 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.6 - - -

Others 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.3



Table 13. Population Aged 6 to 24 Years Who Were Not Attending School by Reason for Not Attending School by Income Stratum


All income group Bottom 30% Top 70%Reason for Not Attending School



C.4 CHILDREN IN GRADE 1 TO GRADE 6

A total of 9.6 million families with children aged 6 to 11 years were recorded in the survey. Of this number, 9.3 million or 97% had children who were enrolled in Grade 1 to Grade 6 (Table 14). The proportion of families with children aged 6 to 11 years who were enrolled in Grade 1 to Grade 6 was nearly similar for the Bottom 30% families and the Top 70% families with 96% and 97% respectively.

C.5 CHILDREN IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL (GRADE 7 TO GRADE 10)

Of the 7 million families with children aged 12 to 15 years, 82% or about 6 million families were reported having children in this age bracket who were in Grade 7 to Grade 10 (Table 15). Among families with children aged 12 to 15 years in the Top 70% income stratum, 88% were enrolled in junior high school; the corresponding percentage in the Bottom 30% income stratum is 76%.

D. ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

D.1 FAMILIES WITH WORKING MEMBERS 18 YEARS OLD AND OVER

A family member was considered employed if he or she had worked or had a job or business at anytime during the reference semester, that is, from January 1 to June 30, 2017. A work is defined as any economic activity that a person does for pay, profit or without pay on family farm or enterprise, or an activity done by a farm operator or member of his/her family on another’s farm on “exchange labor” arrangement.

Number (in thousands) Percent

All income group 9,643 9,322 96.7

Bottom 30% 4,283 4,108 95.9

Top 70% 5,360 5,214 97.3


Table 14. Families with Children Aged 6 to 11 Years in Grade 1 to 6 by Income Stratum, Philippines 2017

Families with Children aged 6-11 Years

in Grade 1 to 6Income Stratum

Families with Children

aged 6-11 Years

(in thousands)

by Income Stratum, Philippines 2017

Number (in thousands) Percent


Bottom 30% 3,131 2,378 75.9

Top 70% 3,953 3,458 87.5


Table 15. Families with Children Aged 12 to 15 Years in Junior High School Education (Grade 7 to 10)

Families with Children aged 12-15 Years

in Junior High School (Grade 7 to 10)Income Stratum

Families with Children

aged 12-15 Years

(in thousands)



Of the 24.3 million families with at least one member aged 18 years and over, 92% or 22.5 million were employed during the reference semester (Table 16). Percentage of families with members aged 18 years and over who were employed was higher in the Bottom 30% group of families (96%) compared to Top 70% families (91%).

D.2 FAMILIES WITH WORKING CHILDREN 5-17 YEARS OLD

The Labor Code of the Philippines specifies that no child below 18 years old shall be employed except when he/she works directly under the sole responsibility of his parents/guardian and his/her employment does not in any way interfere with his/her schooling. Although the survey results would not show whether the conditions stated above are met, results would show the proportion or number of families with children aged below 18 years who are working.

Of the 14.8 million families with members aged 5 to 17 years, 7% or about 1.1 million families were reported to have working children (Table 17). Among the Bottom 30% families with members aged 5 to 17 years, 11% had working children while 5% had working children among the Top 70% families.

Number

(in thousands)Percent


Bottom 30% 7,305 6,990 95.7

Top 70% 17,013 15,456 90.8


Table 16. Families with Members Aged 18 Years or Over Who are Gainfully Employed by

Families with Members aged 18 Years or Over

Gainfully EmployedIncome Stratum

Number of Families with

Members

aged 18 Years or Over

(in thousands)

Income Stratum, Philippines 2017

Number

(in thousands)Percent


Bottom 30% 5,843 635 10.9

Top 70% 8,953 465 5.2


Table 17. Families with Members aged 5 to 17 Years Who are Gainfully Employed

Families with Members aged 5 - 17 Years

who are Gainfully EmployedIncome Stratum

Number of Families

with Members

aged 5 - 17 Years

(in thousands)

by Income Stratum, Philippines 2017



D.3 FAMILIES ENGAGED IN ANY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

The three major economic activities that contribute to a family’s income are: 1) wage and salary, 2) family sustenance activities, and 3) entrepreneurial activities. Other sources of income include net share of crops, cash receipts both from abroad and domestic source, rentals from non-agricultural lands, interest, pension and retirement, workmen’s compensation, social security benefits and dividends from investment.

In 2017, the number of families with at least one member reported to have engaged in any type of economic activity in the six months preceding the survey was estimated at 23.2 million or 95% of total families (Table 18). Wage and salary workers accounted for 77% of such families; those engaged in entrepreneurial activity, 49%; and those engaged in family sustenance activity, 53%. For this report, more than one economic activity can be reported for one family.

Table 18. Families Engaged in Any Economic Activity by Income Stratum, Philippines 2017


Number of Families with Members Engaged in

Economic Activity (Total, in thousands)

23,199 7,192 16,007

Family Sustenance Activity 52.8 75.3 42.7

Entrepreneurial Activity 49.1 56.6 45.7

Wage and Salary Employment 76.5 71.2 78.9

Note: Family members may engage in different economic activities. Percentages do not add up to 100.



Type of Economic Activities



Table 19. Employed Persons Aged 5 Years or Over by Class of Worker and Income Stratum, Philippines 2017


Total Employed Persons (Total, in thousands) 45,270 13,968 31,301

Total 100 100 100 Wage and Salary Worker* 65.9 57.4 69.8

Self-employed without any employee 23.1 28.4 20.7

Employer in own family-operated farm or business 3.9 3.3 4.2

Unpaid Family Worker 7.1 10.9 5.4



Note: *include those who worked for private households, private establishments, government offices

and those who worked with pay in own family-operated farm or business

Class of Worker

Among the Bottom 30% families engaged in an economic activity in the six months prior to the survey, 75% were involved in family sustenance activities and 57% in entrepreneurial activities. Families with wage and salary earning members comprised 71%. On the other hand, among the Top 70% group, the largest proportion of families with members engaged in an economic activity were those with members who were salary and wage earners (79%) [Table 18].

E. FAMILY INCOME AND EXPENDITURE

E.1 TOTAL FAMILY INCOME

Family income includes, salaries and wages from jobs or businesses, incomes derived from entrepreneurial activities, net share of crops, fruits and vegetables produced, aquaculture products harvested or livestock and poultry raised by other households and from other sources such cash receipts, gifts, support, relief and other forms of assistance from abroad and from domestic source, rentals received from non-agricultural lands, buildings, space and other properties, interest, pension and retirement, workmen's compensation and social security benefits, and dividends from investment.



The total family income for the period January to June 2017 almost reached Php 3.4 trillion (Table 20). Almost 87% of this income or Php 3.0 trillion was earned by the Top 70% families. The largest percentage (49%) of total family income was from salaries and wages. Income from entrepreneurial activities accounted for 19% of the total family income. More so, about 30% of the total family income was derived from other sources.

About 47% of the Php 438 billion earned by families in the Bottom 30% was contributed by wage and salary workers, those with entrepreneurial activities (25%), and those with family sustenance activities (4%). Half (50%) of the total income of the Top 70% families came from salaries and wages while 18% was from entrepreneurial activities and 31% from other sources.

The average family income for the six months prior to the survey, computed by dividing the total income for the period by the total number of families, amounted to Php 139,000 (Table 22). The average family income for the Bottom 30% families was Php 60,000 while Php 173,000 for the Top 70% families.

E.2 FAMILY EXPENDITURE AND SAVING

Family expenditures refer to the expenses or disbursements made by the family purely for personal consumption. It includes expenditures for food, housing, electricity, water, and other fuels, transportation, household and personal care, clothing and footwear, education, recreation, medicines, and others. Total family expenditure from January 1 to June 30, 2017 amounted to Php 2.8 trillion (Table 21). Two-thirds (65%) of the total expenditure accounted on food (41%), housing, water, electricity, and other fuels (21%), and education (3%). Eighty-five percent of the total family expenditure was contributed by families belonging to Top 70% while 15% by the Bottom 30% families. Food was the highest proportion of expenditure among Bottom 30% families with 59% of their total expenditure; it is

Table 20. Total Family Income Derived by Source of Income by Income Stratum, Philippines

January to June 2017



Total Income (P'000,000) 3,391,639 437,980 2,953,659

Total 100 100 100

Salaries and Wages 49.3 46.5 49.7

Family Sustenance Activity 0.9 3.6 0.5

Entrepreneurial Activity 19.0 25.2 18.0

Net share of crops, fruits and vegetables produced,

aquaculture products harvested or livestock and poultry

raised by other households

0.5 0.4 0.5

Other Sources* 30.3 24.2 31.3



Note: * Include cash receipts, gifts, support, relief and other forms of assistance from abroad and from domestic

source, rentals received from non-agricultural lands, buildings, space and other properties, interest, pension and

retirement, workmen's compensation and social security benefits, and dividends from investment.

Source of Income



Table 21. Total Family Expenditure by Major Expenditure Group by Income Stratum,



Total Expenditure (P'000,000) 2,793,597 420,200 2,373,397

Total 100 100 100

Food 40.9 59.4 37.6

Alcoholic beverages 0.5 0.7 0.5

Tobacco 1.1 1.7 1.0

Clothing and footwear 1.7 1.5 1.8

Furnishing, household equipment and

routine household maintenance 4.8 2.8 5.2

Health 3.4 1.9 3.7

Housing, water, electricity and other fuels 20.7 15.7 21.6

Transport 5.7 4.6 5.9

Communication 1.9 1.0 2.1

Recreation and culture 1.3 1.0 1.3

Education 3.2 2.0 3.4

Hotel (accommodation services) 0.2 0.2 0.2

Miscellaneous goods and services 6.5 5.3 6.8

Other expenditure 7.9 2.3 8.9


Income Stratum (Percent Distribution)Major Expenditure Group

Philippines January to June 2017

much greater than the proportion of expenditures on food of the families belonging to Top 70% families (38%).

The total family savings or the total income minus the expenditure, for the same period was estimated at Php 598 billion. Top 70% families had a saving of Php 580 billion while the Bottom 30% families had a saving of Php 18 billion. The average family expenditure was Php 115,000, Php 58,000 for the Bottom 30% group of families and Php 139,000 for the Top 70% families (Table 22).

1.9

2.0

4.6

5.3

11.1

15.7

59.4

3.7

3.4

6.8

5.9

21.1

21.6

37.6

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Health

Education

Transport

Miscellaneous goodsand services

Others

Housing, water,electricity and

other fuels

Food

Percent

Top 70%Bottom 30%

Figure 14. Total Family Expenditure by Major Expenditure Group by Income Stratum, Philippines January to June 2017

Major Expenditure Group




E.3 AVERAGE PER CAPITA INCOME AND AVERAGE PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE Average per capita income is computed by dividing the total income for the reference period by the total population. Likewise, average per capita expenditure is the total expenditure divided by total population. The national average per capita income for the period January 1 to June 30, 2017 was about Php 32,300 (Table 22). The average per capita income for the Bottom 30% families was about Php 11,200 while Php 44,900 for the Top 70% group of families. On the other hand, the average per capita expenditure at the national level was Php 26,600 while Php 10,700 for the Bottom 30% group of families and Php 36,100 for Top 70% families.


Total Income (P'000,000) 3,391,639 437,980 2,953,659

Total Expenditure (P'000,000) 2,793,597 420,200 2,373,397

Savings (P'000,000) 598,042 17,780 580,263

Average Family Income 139,263 59,939 173,265

Average Family Expenditure 114,707 57,505 139,226

Average Per Capita Income* 32,300 11,200 44,900

Average Per Capita Expenditure* 26,600 10,700

Documents

FINAL REPORT - Philippine Statistics Authority APIS FINAL... · 2018. 10. 9. · The APIS is designed to provide estimates for income and non-income indicators related to poverty