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Final Final ReviewReview
8th grade Band 4th quarter
Time Signature
Indicates the of beats per measure.
In 4/4 time:A quarter note receives: 1 beat
An dotted quarter note receives: 1 1/2 beats
A half note receives: 2 beats
A dotted half note receives: 3 beats
An eighth note receives: 1/2 beat
A sixteenth note receives: 1/4 beat
An eighth note receives: 1/2 beat
In 6/8 time:A quarter note receives:
2 beats
An eighth note receives: 1 beat
A dotted quarter note receives: 3 beats
A half note receives: 4 beats
A dotted half note receives: 6 beats
A quarter rest receives: 2 beats
An eighth rest receives: 1 beat
A dotted quarter rest receives: 3 beats
Rests
WholeRest
HalfRest
QuarterRest
EighthRest
SixteenthRest
Key SignatureKey Signature
Indicates what notes are to be played sharp,
flat & natural
a , b , and n
Common TimeCommon Time
4/4 Time (The most common time signature)
Cut TimeCut Time
2/2 Time (Cuts notes values in half)
EnharmonicsEnharmonics
Notes written differently but played the same
Ritard or Rallentando Ritard or Rallentando or Allargandoor Allargando
Gradually slow down the tempo
AccelerandoAccelerando
Gradually speed up the tempo
| 12
|
Long Rest (12 measure rest)
qqq
Triplet
3The “3” is
what tells you that this is a
triplet
DynamicsDynamics
Volume. The loudness and softness of
music
Tempo
The speed of a
piece of music
Tempo Markings
Largo = slowly
Moderato = moderate or medium tempo
Allegro = quick and lively
Presto = very fast
Grave = very slowly
Listesso Listesso TempoTempo
Same Tempo
CrescendoCrescendoGradually get louder
DecrescendoDecrescendoGradually get softer
Q q
GlissandoRapidly move
chromatically from 1st note to 2nd note
hh
Trill
tr
AttackAttack
ReleasReleasee
The way a note is begun
The way a note is stopped
BalanceBalance
The adjustment of parts within a group of performers so that
all can be heard.
CantabileCantabile
To play with a singing style
DolceDolce
Sweetly
ToneTone
The quality of a sound
ChoralChoralee
A short hymn originally
intended for congregational
singing
IntonationIntonation
Whether or not your
instrument is in tune
Chromatic Chromatic ScaleScale
A scale that uses all 12
tones within an octave
Families of Instruments in the Band
Woodwinds – flute, clarinet, oboe, saxophone, English horn
Brass – cornet, trumpet, French horn, trombone, baritone, tuba, Sousaphone
Percussion – snare, bass, tom-toms, timpani, cymbals, keyboard
percussion, auxilliary
EmbouchureEmbouchure
The position of the mouth and lips when playing an instrument
WaltzWaltz
A dance in 3/4 time
Subito pianoSubito piano
To play suddenly soft
pppp Pianissimo (very soft)
pp Piano (soft)
mpmp Mezzo Piano (medium soft)
ff Forte (loud)
ffff Fortissimo (very loud)
mfmf Mezzo Forte (medium loud)
fpfp Forte Piano (loud, then suddenly soft)
sfzsfz sfortzando (strong attack)
EnsembleEnsemble
A group of musicians
(2 or more) who perform together
FanfareFanfare
A brilliant and
ceremonial opening
RangeRange
The notes playable from
lowest to highest in pitch
AccidentalsAccidentalsWritten sharps,
flats, and naturals that are not
indicated in the key signature
ComposerComposer
One who writes music
French French HornHorn
Brass
English English HornHorn
Woodwind
D.S. al fineD.S. al fineGo to the “sign” and play to fine
D.C. al fineD.C. al fineGo to the beginning
and play to fine
8va8va
Play an octave higherthan written
Major Major KeyKey
SignaturesSignatures
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V
t
C MajorC Major
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V
t
F MajorF Major
i i
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V
t
B flat B flat MajorMajor
i ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ii i
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V
t
E flat E flat MajorMajor
i ii ii i
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V t
A flat A flat MajorMajor
i ii ii iii
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V t
D flat D flat MajorMajor
i ii ii iiiii
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V t
G flat G flat MajorMajor
i ii ii iiiiii i
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V t
C flat C flat MajorMajor
i ii ii iii
iii ii i
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V
t
G MajorG Major
##
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V
t
D MajorD Major
####
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V
t
A MajorA Major
####
# #
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V t
E MajorE Major
####
# ###
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V
t
B MajorB Major
####
# #####
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V t
F sharp MajorF sharp Major
####
# #####
##
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V t
C sharp MajorC sharp Major
####
# #####
####
Bring a #2 pencil to the final.
Also bring something to keep you quietly
occupied in case you finish before the class
period is over.