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Design of a Distillation Column
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Design Tasks
Process Design•Material Balance Around the whole process • Energy Balance around the whole process• Construct Input-Output Diagram, Functional
Block Flow Diagram, and Process Flow Sheet for the whole plant.
Material Balance
The ‘Onion Skin’ Diagram for Organization of a Chemical Process and Hierarchy of Analysis
Revisions are made at the Reactor Section
Material Balance
Reactor Section• 2 continuous stirred tank reactors• Kinetics:
C6H6 + Cl2 = C6H5Cl + HCl
C6H5Cl + Cl2 = C6H4Cl2 + HCl
Material Balance
Reactor Section• Change of basis, concentration term is
used rather than mole fraction• Similar Approach: from component
material balance, the residence time for the optimum monochlorobenzene concentration is determined.
Material Balance
Reactor Section• Residence time,
• Concentrations of the components can now be obtained using the residence time and the component balances• Amount of Chlorine gas supplied is
obtained from stoichometry
Material Balance
Reactor Section•Major Revision: Some of the benzene
would be retained in the HCl vapor stream that leaves the first reactor•Monochlorobenzene and para-
Dichlorobenzene are similar compounds and are likely retained in the liquid phase compared to benzene
Material Balance
Reactor Section• Peng-Robinson EOS Mixture Program was
utilized to determine the VLE data of Benzene and HCl• Binary Interaction Parameter,
• Concentration of Benzene and HCl in the liquid and vapor phase can be determined
Material Balance
Reactor Section• Concentration and consequently the
mole/mass fractions of the components of the liquid stream leaving the first reactor can be determined.• In the second reactor, it is assumed that
there would be negligible benzene in the HCl vapor stream since there are only small amounts of benzene in the liquid stream
Material Balance
Reactor Section• HCl dissolved in the product liquid stream
is specified, 1.5 % by weight HCl• Concentration of the liquid product stream
from the second reactor can be determined through component balances• Actual amounts of the various streams in
the reactor section is yet to be determined
Design Tasks
Chemical Engineering Design• Prepare a sieve-plate column design for the
chlorobenzene column and make dimensioned sketches showing details of the plate layout including the weir and downcomer
Design Tasks
Mechanical Design• Estimate the shell thickness, the positions
and sizes of all nozzles, and method of support for the plates and column shell. Make a dimensioned sketch suitable for submission to a drawing office