Final Thesis Writing Style

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Writing research report (Thesis) &

Vancouver style

A. B. PatidarLecturer, CON,DMCH


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Before we move ahead. . .

How many of you have completed a study?

Do you have shared your findings with others?

Have you confirm that your findings are being usedby others as EBP?

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Agenda of presentation

Need of the reportingTypes of the reporting outletsCharacteristics of good thesisOutline of thesis

1. Preliminary section2. Main body

Chapter I Introduction Chapter II- Review of literature Chapter III- Methodology Chapter IV Analysis and interpretation Chapter V Discussion

3. Supplementary sectionReferencing: Vancouver style for citing a journal article


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Need of reporting

Research is a costly endeavor.

No study is complete until the findings have been

written and shared with others in form of a researchreport.

Reporting contribute to the base of evidence for

nursing practice

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Research reportCommunication and dissemination outlet of summarizedresearch findings.

Communication outlets are

Theses and dissertations Term papers Journal articles On-line publications

Report to funder Professional conferences- Oral report / Poster session

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Thesis

A long piece of writing, a formal paper, discussed in alogical way, completed by a student as a part of auniversity degree, based on his/her own originalresearch.

Interchangeable with dissertation.

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Oxford dictionary, 8 th ed, 2009


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Why thesis?

Share with wide number of peopleCritiqueReplication

Evidence based practice

Requirement of a particular course- B Sc (N) / M Sc (N)/ M Phil/ Ph D

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Characteristics of good thesis

ClarityConciseComplete in information

AccurateInterestingAttractive, neat and clean

Objectivity and Honesty

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Very important

Most universities have a preferred format for theirthesis.Follow your university format.

Please log on to www.bfuhs.ac.in

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http://www.bfuhs.ac.in/http://www.bfuhs.ac.in/


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Outline of thesis

1. Preliminary section

2. Main body

3. Supplementary section

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1. Preliminary section

Title pageEndorsement by the HOD, principal/head of the institutionCertificate by the guide, co-guideDeclaration by the candidate

Copyright certificateAcknowledgmentAbstractTable of contents

List of annexureList of tablesList of figuresList of abbreviations & symbols used

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Preface / forward


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A STUDY TO EXAMINE SUBSTANCE MISUSE AMONG

PATIENTS HAVING SCHIZOPHRENIA AND ITS

EFFECT ON THEIR CLINICAL AND

FUNCTIONAL STATUS

Thesis submitted to the faculty of the

All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi

in partial fulfillment of the requirement

for the degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING

(Psychiatric Nursing ) March 2010

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OFDR. SANDHYA GUPTA

BYSUSHIL KUMAR MAHESHWARI

COLLEGE OF NURSING

AIIMS, NEW DELHI

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STUDY TITLE16-18, CENTERED, UPPER/

LOWER CASE

University logo

Thesis submitted to the faculty of the

Name of the university

in partial fulfillment of the requirementfor the degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING (Put your specialty branch )

Month & year of submission

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OFPUT YOUR GUIDE NAME

BYNAME OF CANDIDATE

COLLEGE NAMECITY

14-16Upper/Lower

Case


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ENDORSEMENT BY THE HOD, PRINCIPAL OF THE INSTITUTION

This is to certify that the thesis entitled " is a

bonafide research work done by Name of the Candidate under the guidance of

Name & designation of the Guide

Seal & Signature of the HOD

Name

Seal & Signature of the Principal

Name

Date :

Place:

Date :

Place:


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CERTIFICATE BY THE GUIDE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled " is a

bonafide research work done by ----Name of the Candidate----- in partial

fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in

Nursing -----put your specialty---- .

Date :

Place:

Signature of the Co-Guide

Name

Designation & Department

Signature of the Guide

Name

Designation & Department


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DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE

I hereby declare that this thesis entitled < -----------------------------Study

Title----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------->" is a bonafide and genuine research work carried out by me

under the guidance of ------Name & designation of the Guide------.

Date :

Place:Signature of the CandidateName


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COPYRIGHT CERTIFICATE

Declaration by the Candidate

I hereby declare that the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health

Sciences, Karnataka shall have the rights to preserve, use and

disseminate this thesis in print or electronic format for academic /

research purpose.

Date :

Place:

Signature of the Candidate

Name

Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka


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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Mention persons who have made substantial contribution to thestudy but whose contribution does not qualify them for authorship.

Might include your guide, co guide, principle/HOD, faculty,statistician, friends, organization, funding agency, family, and off course patients or study participants.

Not lengthy, one page & signed.

Signature of the Candidate

Name

Date :

Place:


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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS & SYMBOLS USED

Use only standard abbreviations

Do not use abbreviations in the title

Specify abbreviation in full when it comes 1 st time in text.

In alphabetical order

1. anon- Anonymous2. et. el.- and others3. illus- Illustrated a


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Abstract

First point of contact with readers about findings, sodeserve careful attention.Written brief description of research problem,methods and finding of the study, so readers candecide whether to read the entire thesis. Traditional (unstructured) paragraph Structured with sub headings.

Include key words that will help others to locate yourstudy, should indexed in Medline or CINAHL.

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STRUCTURED ABSTRACT(Max. 150-250 words)

Background & Objectives

Methods

Results

Interpretation & Conclusion

Keywords:(Max. 10, Each keyword should be separated bysemicolon ;)


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter No. Contents Page No.I INTRODUCTION

Background of the study 1-5Need for the study 5-6Statement of the problem 6Objectives 6

Assumptions 7Operational definitions 7-8Conceptual framework 8-12

II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 13-32

III METHODOLOGY Research approach 33Research design 33Setting 33Population 33Sample and sampling technique 34Data collection tools and techniques 35Ethical clearance 40Method for data collection 40Pilot study 41Data analysis 41

IV ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 42-81V DISCUSSION 82-92

REFERENCES 93-99ANNEXURE 100-168


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LIST OF ANNEXURES

S.No. Name of Annexure Page No.

I Letter Granting Ethical Clearance 100II Information Sheet, Consent Form and Screening Sheet 100-107III Structured Demographic Schedule 108-113

IV Clinical Profile Sheet 114-118V Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview 119-125VI Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test 126-157VII Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale 156-188VIII World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 188-111IX Certificate for Competence 158

X List of Experts 159


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LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title of Table Page No.

1. Socio-demographic Characteristics of the Patients 362. Socio-demographic Characteristics of the Patients 37 3. Clinical Characteristics of the Patients 40 4. Clinical Characteristics of the Patients 42

5. Distribution of the Patients According to Socio-demographicCharacteristics 44 6. Age of the Patients at the Time of First Ever Misuse in Past User

and Current User 45 7. Type of First Substance Misused by Ever User Patients 47 8. Comparison of Clinical Status between Never User, Past User

and Current User Patients 49


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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title of Figure Page No.

1. Conceptual framework of the study 122. Pie diagram showing the prevalence of substance misuse among

schizophrenic patients 503. Bar graph showing the types of substance use by ever users

and current users patients 524. Pie diagram showing the type of substance used by currentusers patients. 60


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2. Main body

Chapter I- IntroductionChapter II- Review of LiteratureChapter III- MethodologyChapter IV- Analysis and interpretation/ ResultsChapter V- Discussion and summary

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Chapter I - Introduction

IntroductionBackgroundNeed of the study and how this work will help

Statement of the problem, research questionsAim of the studyObjectives (1, 2, 3. . . .)

Variables under study (IV, DV & EV), Hypotheses,Delimitations, Assumptions, Operational definitions,Conceptual framework.

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General

specific


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Conceptual Framework Based on Tannahills Health Promotion Model

Area notunder study

Domains of Health Promotion

1. PreventionGenetic counseling

No maternal deprivationTreat early child hood

trauma No life stressEncourage socializationGood parenting practicesRegular screeningSelf help groups

2. Preventivehealth educationScreening for

schizophreniaMotivate public to

use such screeningfacilities

3. PreventivehealthprotectionPsycho

educationAdherence

counseling

4. Protective healtheducation for preventivepurposesCheck for non adherenceAssessment of risk factors

like substance misuseTreatment of risk factors

& appropriate referral

5. Healtheducation forwell beinggainsPromoting of

healthy lifestyle

6. Health protection forwell being gains Proper use of leisure

timeUse of day care centers

& half way homesFamily & social supportContinue medicationMotivation & follow up

counseling

7. Protective healtheducation for wellbeing gainsFamily & community

educationInvolvement of school

and colleges in healthcampaignMore leisure facilities

for increased well being

Types of substance misuse,Duration of misuse, current statusCurrent functional status in area of:

1 Understanding and communication2 Getting around3 Self care4 Getting along with people5 Life activities6 Participation in society

Over all health of patient

Duration of difficulties

Assessment of risk factorsAge of onset, type & course of schizophreniaTDI

Number of hospitalizationPresence of co-morbid medical/surgical/psychiatric illnessFamily history of psychiatric illnessFamily history of substance misuseCurrent psychotropic medication & their side effectsPresence of positive, negative, general psychopathological

symptoms

Plan for InterventionsReferralTreatment- Pharmaceutical drugs & detoxificationAversion therapy and BTCounselingIndividual and family counselingMotivation for regular follow up

OutcomeAbstinent from drug misuseContinue adherence to treatmentRegular follow up

Negative clinical status scoreHigh functioning

Area under study


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This chapter has dealt with ..The next chapter will deal with.

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At the end of every chapter..


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Chapter II- Review of literature

Divide all available review in different section as perstudyArrange recent to old

In historical research- Old to recentFollow Vancouver style

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Chapter III Methodology

Research ApproachResearch designSettingPopulationSampling technique & Sample( IC and EC, sample size)Data collection tools & techniques ( From tool no 1 to toolno n, with content validity and reliability, Development of the tools)Translation of toolsResearcher training for tool useTools try out

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Intervention if anyEthical clearanceInformed consent

Data collection procedure (method of data collection)Pilot studyDuration of data collection

Problems in data collection(if any)Data analysis plan

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Chapter III Methodology


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Chapter IV Analysis and interpretation

Results Specify about coding of data, master data sheetand statistical package (SPSS 10)

Presentation of data in sections, objective wise,significant boldEmphasize only important observations fromtables/illustrations in the text without undue

repetition of date & give interpretation of thefinding

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Do not repeat the same data in tables &illustrations.Start with description of subjects characteristics,

then present findings as per the objectives of thestudy (Obj-1 to obj- n), if any extra finding- put it atend.Write p value exactly

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Chapter IV Analysis and interpretation


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Chapter V Discussion

Summary of major findings, Do not repeat all the data,Discussion (mention & link review in support of yourfindings, defend your findings with available literature orlogic),

As per objectiveConclusionsImplications (nursing education, adm, practice & research)Recommendations (present and future)

Limitations.Avoid conclusions for which adequate data has not beenobtained

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References

Vancouver styleReference list after chapter V.References should be numbered consecutively in the

order in which they are first mentioned in the text.They should not be listed alphabetically by author ortitle or put in date order.

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Vancouver style for citing a journal article

Green Bob, Young R, Kavanagh D, Wilson JD,

Martin JB, Kasper DL, et al. Cannabis use andmisuse prevalence among people with psychosis.Br J Psychiatry 1996 Jun;12(5):127-33.

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http://www.library.uq.edu.au/useit/


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3. Supplementary section

References (if not mentioned earlier)AnnexureIndex

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Annexure / Appendices

Letter granting ethical clearanceAny specific material developed Informed consent and PIS

Tools- Original and translatedAny developed guidelineCompetency certificateList of expertsCD

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Front page and binding

Same as title pageBinding- Printed colored hard board binding with silver / gold

foil lettering. Printed soft spiral / staple bindingCover thesis with plastic to make it safe.All the colleges / a university students should usesame colorBlue / brown / light green are good colors.

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Hard board binding Spiral binding


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Side of the thesis

Put three information in following sequence

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Name of university Candidate name Month & year of submission


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Specific Instructions

Use bond paper, A4 size (min 80 gsm)Type on one side of paper only,Para indent 5-7 spaces,

Keep left alignment, do not justify linesDo not divide the words at the end of the line. (-)Leave 1-1 1/2" space on all sides of the paper (Lt- 1.5,Rt- 1, top & bottom - 1)

Prepare 6-7 copies for submission & one for yourself

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Tables/figures

Color page, cover with transparencyNumber the tables/figures consecutively and not foreach chapter separately.

Insert figure in the text page itself instead of a freshpage each time.Do not break a table on two pagesObtain permission to use photographs

Give a brief but clear title to each table / figure

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C 6


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CHAPTER TITLE- 16,CENTERED, BOLD,UPPER CASE

Sub heading: 12,Left, boldlowercase

Heading: 14, Left,bold, lowercase

Text: font size 12,un-bold, leftaligned

Text

Type double space,(Times New Roman)


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English Editing

Free from grammatical & spelling mistakesAvoid abstract terms and technical jargonsUse of Tense

Past or present perfect tense for review & discussion of past events

Past- to discuss results Present- conclusions

Passive voice and impersonal pronouns as thesesuggest greater impartiality.Dont use I / We / me / us (personal pronouns)

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From where, to start thesis writing?

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IIntroduction

IIReview of lit

IIIMethodology

IVResults

VDiscussion


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What to do if find thesis work boring?

Do it .. Do it .. Do it .. Do it Get an habit of writing, even only 10-15 min/dayJust begin somewhere & keep it regular

Writing of 1 st draft is hard

Take deep breathMeditation/ yogaFulfill hobbies

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V R f i S l


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Van co u ver Referenc ing Style

A uniform set of requirements for bibliographic references.

a "numbered" style

follows rules established by the International Committeeof Medical Journal Editors

also known as: Uniform Requirements for ManuscriptsSubmitted to Biomedical Journals.
http://www.icmje.org/http://www.icmje.org/http://www.icmje.org/http://www.icmje.org/


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In-text citing

A number is allocated to a source in the order inwhich it is cited in the textIf the source is referred to again, the same number

is used.Example:...as one author has put it "the darkestdays were still ahead" [1]: which is welldocumented in the literature. [2-5] This provesthat "the darkest days were still ahead". [1]


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Essential Elements for Referencing

F or Books

Author Title

EditionPlace of PublicationPublisher

Date (year)

F or Journals

Author Title of Article

Journal TitleDateVolume number

Issue number Page numbers


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Examples for books

Personal Author:

Adam RD, Victor M. Principles of Neurology. 5 th ed. NewYork: McGraw-Hill, 1993.

Organization as author:

Virginia Law Foundation. The Medical and legal implicationsof AIDS. Charlottesville: The Foundation, 1987.


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Example for journal article

(Titles of Journals should be abbreviated according to IndexMedicus)Standard Journal Article: (list all authors, but if there are more than six, only list thefirst six followed by et al)

Burks RT, Morgan J. Anatomy of the lateral ankle ligaments. Am J Sports Med 1994Jan-Feb; 22(1): 72-77.

Organization as author:

NIH Technology Assessment Workshop Panel. The Persian Gulf Experience andHealth. JAMA 1994; 272: 391-395.

No author given:

Coffee drinking and cancer of the pancreas [editorial] BMJ 1981; 283:628.


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Example journal article

Journal article in Electronic format:Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Emerg Infect Dis [serialonline] 1995 Jan-Mar [cited 1996 Jun 5]; 1(1): [24 screens]. Available from: URL:http://www.cdcgov/ncidod/EID/eid.htm

Conference Proceedings:Preston D, editor. Computers in Clinical Dentistry. Proceedings of the firstInternational Conference on Computers in Clinical Dentistry; 1991 Sept 26-29:Houston. Chicago: Quintessence, 1993.
http://www.cdcgov/ncidod/EID/eid.htmhttp://www.cdcgov/ncidod/EID/eid.htm


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To summarize

Follow your university guideline.Though many things are same as we discussed todaybut off course few variation might exist uni to uni.If you are not following than guideline strictly, it mayresult that your thesis comes back to you forclarification and rectification andYou may have undue stress and unnecessary workloadto correct the things which could be done earlier.

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Thanks

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Documents

Final Thesis Writing Style