Final Year Embedded Projects

8/10/2019 Final Year Embedded Projects

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Mail: [email protected], www.egtechprojects.com

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

Wireless Sensor Network Based Home Monitoring System

for Wellness Determination of Elderly

Abstract:

Wireless-sensor-network-based home monitoring system for elderly activity behavior

involves functional assessment of daily activities. In this paper, we reported a mechanism for

estimation of elderly well-being condition based on usage of house-hold appliances connected

through various sensing units. We defined two new wellness functions to determine the status of

the elderly on performing essential daily activities.

The developed system for monitoring and evaluation of essential daily activities was

tested at the homes of four different elderly persons living alone and the results are encouraging

in determining wellness of the elderly. Wireless-sensor-network-based home monitoring system

for elderly activity behavior involves functional assessment of daily activities. In this paper, we

reported a mechanism for estimation of elderly well-being condition based on usage of house-

hold appliances connected through various sensing units.

We defined two new wellness functions to determine the status of the elderly on

performing essential daily activities. The developed system for monitoring and evaluation of

essential daily activities was tested at the homes of four different elderly persons living alone and

the results are encouraging in determining wellness of the elderly.


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Development and Assessment of a Wireless Sensor and

Actuator Network for Heating and Cooling Loads

Abstract:

This paper describes a wireless sensor-actuator network to monitor and manage

thermostatically controlled loads, mainly heating and cooling loads, which accounts for around

50% of the residential electricity consumption. A decentralized system is proposed to modify the

electrical power demand according to a target demand profile and a set of prefixed constraints,maintaining minimum comfort levels and minimizing the infrastructure requirements.

This solution offers the residential customers a flexible, powerful and low-cost tool to

modify their power demand profile, avoiding any additional wiring and extending the wireless

sensor-actuator networks technology towards small customers, with around 30% share of the

global electricity consumption. The proposed system has been implemented and assessed in a

university environment, where heating and cooling loads have been monitored and controlled.

Acquired data are also included in this paper as well as an example of the forced switching-offtime periods applied on the controlled loads, leading to approximately 15% reduction of the peak

power demand.


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Wireless and Pyroelectric Sensory Fusion System for Indoor

Human/Robot Localization and Monitoring

Abstract:

An indoor localization and monitoring system for robots and people is an important issue

in robotics research. Although several monitoring systems are currently under development by

previous investigators, these issues remain significant difficulties. For instance, the pyroelectric

IR (PIR) system provides less accurate information of human location and is restricted when

there are multiple targets. Furthermore, the RF localization system is constrained by its limited

accuracy.

In this study, we propose an indoor localization and monitoring system based on a

wireless and PIR (WPIR) sensory fusion system. We develop a sensor-network-based

localization method called the WPIR inference algorithm. This algorithm determines the fused

position from both the PIR localization system and RF signal localization system, which utilize

the received signal strength propagation model. We have developed and experimentally

demonstrated a WPIR sensory fusion system, which can be successfully applied in localizing

multiple targets based on two robots and two people in this study. With an accurate localization

mechanism for the indoor environment, the provision of appropriate services for people can berealized.

A Wearable Inertial Sensor Node for Body Motion Analysis

Abstract:

A wearable wireless inertial sensor node for body motion analysis is designed and

implemented. A triaxial accelerometer, a biaxial gyroscope, and a yaw rate gyroscope are

employed to sense the accelerations and angular rates of the object attached. These three ICs, a

wireless mote, the power circuit, and a modified printed inverted-F antenna are integrated on a

four-layer printed circuit board. To achieve the compact size for comfortable wearing, the


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printed antenna is deliberately designed as small as possible, while maintaining a reasonable

antenna performance.

The proposed inertial sensor node is also easily adaptable to applications with different

power requirements because of the consideration of the periodic and moving-event wakeup in

the software design. The static characteristics and Allan deviations of the implemented node are

measured and analyzed. The false alarm rate of a moving detection based on Bayes rule is

presented and a threshold is suggested. Finally, the raw data of several body motions are

measured and those behaviors are observed apparently. The proposed inertial sensor node is

compact and easily wearable; hence, it is feasible to be applied to the body motion analysis.

A Wireless Sensory Feedback Device for Real-Time Gait

Feedback and Training

Abstract:

This paper presents a new sensing and feedback system for a personal gait rehabilitation

device based on wireless transmission of ambulation data for real-time sensory feedback for

assistive healthcare. An integrated force-sensing insole was designed, using embedded forcesensitive resistors that were sampled using a microprocessor, which then transmitted the data to

an Android smartphone for presentation to the user.

Experiments were performed to verify that the device captured accurate gait data, and

was able to influence the gait of the subject. In addition, different sensory methods of feedback

were tested to determine their individual efficacy at modulating the gait of study subject. The

results show that the feedback system is capable of influencing the gait of the user, without the

need for direct supervision by a rehabilitation specialist. In addition, a statistical analysis was

performed to establish the reliability and repeatability of the system. From these results, this

feedback system is established as a novel, inexpensive, and effective candidate for use in clinical

rehabilitation of persons with gait abnormalities.


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Wireless Haptic Communication Under Varying Delay by

Switching-Channel Bilateral Control With Energy Monitor

Abstract:

A switching-channel bilateral control with energy monitor (EM) is newly proposed to

realize haptic communication through a wireless network. The varying delay in the

communication line and the situation of duplex operation are considered. In such a system,

human operators on two sides of the master-slave robots system feel the hardness of the remote

environment placed on the contralateral side.

The EM approach is presented to judge the role of the robot (manipulated by an operator

or contacting an environment), which provides a beacon for the switching algorithm. The

position tracking of the system is improved by switching off the channel of force control in the

human manipulated robot. The problem of position drift in traditional methods is overcome.

Disturbance observer is applied to simplify the design of the bilateral control law, and to

guarantee the efficient force switching. Because of improved position tracking and satisfactory

force fidelity, the proposed approach achieves more vivid haptic transmission. By experiments,

the validity is verified.

Thermoelectric Powered Wireless Sensors for Spent Fuel

Monitoring

Abstract:

This paper describes using thermoelectric generators to power wireless sensors to

monitor spent nuclear fuel during dry-cask storage. OrigenArp was used to determine the decay

heat of the spent fuel at different times during the service life of the dry-cask. The Engineering

Equation Solver computer program modeled the temperatures inside the spent fuel storage

facility during its service life.

The temperature distribution in a thermoelectric generator and heat sink was calculated

using the computer program Finite Element Heat Transfer. From these temperature distributions


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the power produced by the thermoelectric generator was determined as a function of the service

life of the dry-cask. In addition, an estimation of the path loss experienced by the wireless signal

can be made based on materials and thickness of the structure. Once the path loss is known, the

transmission power and thermoelectric generator power requirements can be determined. This

analysis estimates that a thermoelectric generator can produce enough power for a sensor to

function and transmit data from inside the dry-cask throughout its service life.

Study on a Multi-Ions Sensing System for Monitoring of

Blood Electrolytes With Wireless Home-Care System

Abstract:

This study developed a multi-ions sensing system that includes pH, potassium, sodium,

and chloride ion sensors with a wireless home-care system. The pH sensor was based on a tin

oxide (SnO )/indium tin oxide (ITO) glass, and the potassium, sodium, and chloride ion sensors

were based on the pH sensor with sensing membrane. The tin oxide (SnO) sensing membrane

was deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate using a sputtering system. The sensing

membranes of the ion sensors were prepared by mixing poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC), bis (2-

ethylhexyl) sebacate (DOS), ionophores, and additives. According to the experimental results,

sensitivities of the sensors all were over the value 51 mV/decade.

The linear range of pH sensor was between pH2 and pH12, the linear ranges of

potassium, sodium, and chloride sensors all were over from 1 mM to 1 M. Therefore, the multi-

ions sensing system is suitable for monitoring of blood electrolytes. The correlations of the

multi-ion sensors under different test solutions also were discussed. Moreover, this study also

investigated sensors module, portable module, Bluetooth module, personal computer (PC)

terminal, and portable unit of the wireless home-care system. A graphical measurement interface

for data recorded and measurement results displayed was designed by National Instrument Lab-

VIEW software. According to the experimental results, the measurement data by the wireless

home-care system are near the real values. The wireless home-care system could successfully

monitor and transmitted the sensing signals.


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Sensors-Based Wearable Systems for Monitoring of Human

Movement and Falls

Abstract:

The rapid aging of the world's population, along with an increase in the prevalence of

chronic illnesses and obesity, requires adaption and modification of current healthcare models.

One such approach involves telehealth applications, many of which are based on sensor

technologies for unobtrusive monitoring. Recent technological advances, in particular, involving

microelectromechnical systems, have resulted in miniaturized wearable devices that can be used

for a range of applications. One of the leading areas for utilization of body-fixed sensors is the

monitoring of human movement.

An overview of common ambulatory sensors is presented, followed by a summary of the

developments in this field, with an emphasis on the clinical applications of falls detection, falls

risk assessment, and energy expenditure. The importance of these applications is considerable in

light of the global demographic trends and the resultant rise in the occurrence of injurious falls

and the decrease of physical activity. The potential of using such monitors in an unsupervised

manner for community-dwelling individuals is immense, but entails an array of challenges with

regards to design c onsiderations, implementation protocols, and signal analysis processes. Somelimitations of the research to date and suggestions for future research are also discussed.

Sensors for Gesture Recognition Systems

Abstract:

A gesture recognition system (GRS) is comprised of a gesture, gesture-capture device

(sensor), tracking algorithm (for motion capture), feature extraction, and classification algorithm.

With the impending movement toward natural communication with mechanical and software

systems, it is important to examine the first apparatus that separates the human communicator

and the device being controlled. Although there are numerous reviews of GRSs, a

comprehensive analysis of the integration of sensors into GRSs and their impact on system


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performance is lacking in the professional literature. Thus, we have undertaken this effort.

Determination of the sensor stimulus, context of use, and sensor platform are major preliminary

design issues in GRSs.

Thus, these three components form the basic structure of our taxonomy. We emphasize

the relationship between these critical components and the design of the GRS in terms of its

architectural functions and computational requirements. In this treatise, we consider sensors that

are capable of capturing dynamic and static arm and hand gestures. Although we discuss various

sensor types, our main focus is on visual sensors as we expect these to become the sensor of

choice in the foreseeable future. We delineate the challenges ahead for their increased

effectiveness in this application domain. We note as a special challenge, the development of

sensors that take over many of the functions the GRS designer struggles with today. We believe

our contribution, in this first survey on sensors for GRSs, can give valuable insights into this

important research and development topic, and encourage advanced research directions and new

approaches.

Sensor Network Based Oil well Health Monitoring and

Intelligent Control

Abstract:

Most oil pumping units (OPUs) have been using manual control in the oilfield. This

existing oil-pumping system, a high power-consuming process, has the incapability of OPU's

structural health monitoring. In this paper, a sensor network based intelligent control is proposed

for power economy and efficient oilwell health monitoring.

The proposed sensor network consists of three-level sensors: (1) several types of basic

sensors, such as load sensor, angular sensor, voltage sensor, current sensor and oil pressure

sensor, which are the first level sensors (FLS), are used for oilwell data sensing; (2) our

developed intelligent sensors (IS), which belong to the second level sensor, are designed mainly

for an oilwell's data elementary processing, main fault alarm/indication, typical data


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storage/indication, data/status transmission up to the third level sensor (TLS), data/status

transmission between IS, and command transmission down to the OPU motor; and (3) our

developed software-defined (SD) control centers with an embedded database, i.e., the TLS, are

designed for hundreds of oilwells data storage/management, data processing, malfunction

detection, malfunction alarm/indication, stroke-adjustment command transmission down to a

specific IS for power economy and the malfunction report to the maintenance staff via global

system for mobile communications (GSM) short message service (SMS). Experiment results at

the Chinese Petroleum's Changqing Oilfield demonstrate our proposed sensor network based

system.

A Passive Radio-Frequency pH-Sensing Tag for Wireless

Food-Quality Monitoring

Abstract:

We present a new method, suitable for food quality management by wirelessly

monitoring pH level changes in food with a flexible pH sensor embedded in a batteryless radio-

frequency (RF) transponder. The wireless sensor tag includes a flexible pH sensor based on

miniature iridium oxide (IrOx) and silver chloride (AgCl) sensing electrodes integrated on a

deformable substrate, and batteryless wireless communication circuitry. The sensor tag and

reader system is designed to achieve convenient, long-term, and on-demand wireless in situ

monitoring of food quality, especially for large-quantity applications and continuous monitoring

from place of production to retail stores.

Low-cost IrOx sol-gel fabrication process was applied on polymeric substrates to form

the flexible sensing films, and a sensitivity of -49.7 mV/pH was achieved. Inducting coupling

provides electromagnetic energy from the reader to drive the transponder circuits that retransmit

the sensor-data modulated signals back to the reader. The electrochemical potential created by

the IrOx/AgCl sensing electrodes is converted to a modulated frequency and the system achieves

a sensitivity of 633 Hz/pH. The wireless pH sensing system was tested for in situ monitoring of

the spoilage processes in fish meats continuously for over 18 h. The feasibility of wirelessly


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monitoring pH values in fish meats that could be used to identify spoilage remotely has been

demonstrated.

One-to-Multipoint Laser Remote Power Supply System for

Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract:

A method to use laser to supply power remotely for multinode wireless sensor networks

is proposed in this paper. In the working space of wireless sensor networks, laser is transformed

to a spatial distributed light field with certain uniformity and its wavelength is converted to themost sensitive wavelength of solar cell by the phosphor element. Thus, more wireless sensor

networks nodes can be powered at the same time. A demonstration experiment is carried out, an

yttrium aluminum garnet phosphor element is stimulated by the 3 W 457 nm laser and a uniform

diffused light field with 3 π/4 space angle is obtained.

The average optical energy density is 85 μ W/cm2 at the distance 1.5 m away from the

phosphor surface. An ultra low-power consumption energy harvesting system is designed. Under

the radiation of remote laser power supply, characteristics of the energy harvesting system aretested. The result is that the system can supply 92.1 mJ during 0.7 s which can provide enough

energy for WSN node. Preliminary result of a real-life application in an oil cellar is also given.

As a novel power supply method for wireless sensor networks, it is a good active power supply

candidate for wireless sensor networks when the environment energy field is not strong enough.


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Cooperative Wireless Sensor Environments Supporting

Body Area Networks

Abstract:

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) in recent years have received significant

attention, due to their potential for increasing efficiency in healthcare monitoring. Typical

sensors used for WBAN are low powered single transceiver devices utilizing a single channel for

transmission at the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. However, performance of these

devices usually degrades when the density of sensors increases. One approach to counter this

performance degradation is to exploit multiple channels at the MAC layer, where optimal usage

of the channels is achieved through cooperation between the sensor nodes.

In this paper we propose a cooperative WBAN environment that supports multi-hop

transmission through cooperation involving both environmental sensors and WBAN nodes. Our

solution extends the cooperation at the MAC layer to a cross-layered gradient based routing

solution that allows interaction between WBAN and environmental sensors in order to ensure

data delivery from WBANs to a distant gateway. Extensive simulations for healthcare scenarios

have been performed to validate the cooperation at the MAC layer, as well as the cross-layered

gradient based routing. Comparisons to other cooperative multi-channel MAC and routingsolutions have shown the overall performance improvement of the proposed approach evaluated

in terms of packet loss, power consumption and delay.

Hand-Motion Crane Control Using Radio-Frequency Real-

Time Location Systems

Abstract:

Human operators have difficulty driving cranes quickly, accurately, and safely because

the heavy structure of the crane responds slowly and its payload oscillates. Manipulation

difficulty is increased by nonintuitive control interfaces (such as buttons, levers, and joysticks)


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that require substantial experience to master. This paper presents a new type of interface that

allows operators to drive a crane by simply moving a hand-held radio-frequency tag through the

desired path.

Real-time location sensors are used to track the movements of the tag and its position is

used in a feedback control loop to drive the crane. Unfortunately, crane movements usually

induce large-amplitude payload oscillations. Therefore, an input-shaping control element is used

to limit payload swing. Experimental results on an industrial bridge crane validate the controller

performance.

Embedded System Integrated Into a Wireless SensorNetwork for Online Dynamic Torque

and Efficiency Monitoring in Induction Motors

Abstract:

The system proposed in this paper aims at monitoring the torque and efficiency in

induction motors in real time by employing wireless sensor networks (WSNs). An embedded

system is employed for acquiring electrical signals from the motor in a noninvasive manner, andthen performing local processing for torque and efficiency estimation.

The values calculated by the embedded system are transmitted to a monitoring unit

through an IEEE 802.15.4-based WSN. At the base unit, various motors can be monitored in real

time. An experimental study was conducted for observing the relationship between the WSN

performance and the spectral occupancy at the operating environment. This study demonstrated

that the use of intelligent nodes, with local processing capability, is essential for this type of

application. The embedded system was deployed on a workbench, and studies were conducted to

analyze torque and system efficiency.


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Sensor Network Design for Smart Highways

Abstract:

A unique and efficient system model is proposed for sensor networks to create sensor-

smart highways. The approach first considers various cell geometries encountered with 2-D

roads and then extends the same to 3-D roads. Mathematical relations describing each type of

cell are derived, and the analyses indicate the numbers and positions of sensor nodes needed in

each cell of a certain type. We then propose algorithms for computing the deployment positions

of sensor nodes on roads by describing them as consisting of cells of different geometries. We

also validate the approach by computing a sensor deployment using real geospatial data.

Environmental sensor networks using existing wireless

communication systems for rainfall and wind velocity

measurements

Abstract:

The microwave links that form a wireless communication network (WCN) for a cellularnetwork infrastructure can be considered for an environmental sensor network (ESN). Every

radio link that connects a base station to the core network is a sensor. For such an ESN, the key

challenge is to develop algorithms to estimate the intensity of weather effects that impair

communication performance - first rainfall and wind, and then, humidity, fog, and snow.


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Designing an Adaptive Acoustic Modem for Underwater

Sensor Networks

Abstract:

There is a growing interest in using underwater networked systems for oceanographic

applications. These networks often rely on acoustic communication, which poses a number of

challenges for reliable data transmission. The underwater acoustic channel is highly variable;

each link can experience vastly different conditions, which change according to environmental

factors as well as the locations of the communicating nodes. This makes it difficult to ensure

reliable communication.

Furthermore, due to the high transmit power, the energy consumed in transmitting data is

substantial, which is exacerbated at lower data rates. The main challenge that we address in this

article is how to build a system that provides reliable and energy efficient communication in

underwater sensor networks. To this end, we propose an adaptive underwater acoustic modem

which changes its parameters according to the situation. We present the design of such a modem

and provide supporting results from simulations and experiments.

A Context-Adaptive Multimodal WSN for Energy-Efficient

Gas Monitoring

Abstract:

We present a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for monitoring Indoor Air Quality (IAQ),

which is crucial for peoples comfort, health and safety since we spend a large percentage of time

in indoor environments. A major concern in such networks is energy efficiency, because gas

sensors are power-hungry and the sensor node must operate unattended for several years with

battery power supply. A system with aggressive energy management at sensor level, node level

and network level is presented.


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The node is designed with very low sleep current consumption (only 8 A) and it contains

a Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOX) gas sensor and a Pyroelectric InfraRed (PIR) sensor.

Furthermore, the network is multimodal: it exploits information from auxiliary sensors like PIR

sensors about presence of people and from the neighbor nodes about gas concentration to modify

the behavior of the node and the measuring frequency of the gas concentration. In this way we

reduce the nodes activity and energy requirements, providing a reliable service at the same time.

To evaluate our approach and the benefits of the context-aware adaptive sampling, we simulate

an application scenario which demonstrates a significant lifetime extension (several years)

compared to the continuously driven gas sensor. In March 2012 we deployed the WSN with 36

nodes in a four-storey building and by now the performance has confirmed models and

expectations.

Evaluation of wireless sensor network monitoring for indoor

spaces

Abstract:

Small-scale, medium-term deployments are an important tool when planning to install a

wireless sensor network (WSN) monitoring system. It is vital to assess the software and

hardware reliability of the desired solution in a well specified scenario. Also, it allows the system

designer to evaluate beforehand the radio environment, a critical task in crowded environments

such as buildings. The multitude of walls and large metal objects can produce unwanted effects

such as fading and multi-path reflections while high powered radio devices produce interference

when operating in the same band as the sensor nodes.

This leads to a high packet loss rate and affect battery life through increased number of

packet retransmissions. In this paper we report our results from a week long continues

monitoring of an indoor space. Our focus is on sampling data for temperature, humidity,

barometric pressure and ambient light. We analyze the results and provide experience regarding

future real systems aimed at high spatial resolution measurements of environmental parameters

indoors. Our study concerns sensor data, energy consumption of sensor nodes and radio channel


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characterization. A network sniffer is also employed to provide insight into the behaviour of the

wireless mesh networking protocol. We consider that the relevance of our work can be

highlighted in saved costs associated with maintenance operations and man-hours after a final,

large-scale deployment of WSN instrumentation has already taken place.

Distributed human tracking using pyroelectric sensor

network

Abstract:

This paper presents a distributed human tracking system based on pyroelectric sensornetwork and corresponding tracking algorithm. By using the field of view (FOV) of each sensor,

two nodes of one detection area can detect the localization of target. In the design of tracking

algorithm, a distributed information filter is constructed by using joint probabilistic data

association (JPDA) and consensus method. The simulation and experimental results verified the

validity of tracking algorithm and improved tracking performance after using the proposed

distributed self-calibration.

Design and implementation of a street parking system using

wireless sensor networks

Abstract:

Recently, with the explosive increase of automobiles in China, people park their cars on

streets without following the rules and police has hard time to conduct law enforcement without

introducing effective street parking system. To solve the problem, we propose a SPS (street

parking system) based on wireless sensor networks. For accurately detecting a parking car, a

parking algorithm based on state machine is also proposed. As the vehicle detection in SPS is

absolutely critical, we use a Honeywell 3-axis magnetic sensor to detect vehicle.


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However, the magnetic sensor may be affected by the fluctuation of the outside

temperature. To solve the problem, we introduce a moving drift factor. On the parking lot in

Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), 62 sensor devices are deployed to evaluate

the performance of SPS. By running the system for several months, we observe the vehicle

detection accurate rate of the SPS is nearly 99%. The proposed SPS is energy efficient. The end

device can run about 7 years with one 2400mAh AA battery.

Towards reliable and lightweight communication in

industrial wireless sensor networks

Abstract:

In this paper we address the issues of timeliness and transmission reliability of existing

industrial communication standards. We combine a Forward Error Correction coding scheme on

the Medium Access Control layer with a lightweight routing protocol to form an IEEE 802.15.4-

conformable solution, which can be implemented into already existing hardware without

violating the standard. After laying the theoretical foundations, we conduct a performance

evaluation of the proposed solution. The results show a substantial gain in reliability and reduced

latency, compared to the uncoded transmissions, as well as common Wireless Sensor Network

routing protocols.

Performance evaluation of energy management system in

smart home using wireless sensor network

Abstract:

In this paper we evaluate the performance of Energy Management and Building

Automation Systems in smart environment using wireless sensor network. We describe some

aspects of smart grid and then explain the related communication models of smart meters and

building management or energy management systems in a smart home. We propose three


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models, then we compare these models and we select a model for our test bed. We implement the

selected model in real environment using wireless sensor network. We analyse network delay to

find out whether wireless sensor network is useful or not. With proposed model, we can save up

to 57% in energy cost. Also, we develop In- home display to inform customers about their

energy usage so that they can manage their energy consumption easier.

Multi-channel Wireless Mesh Networks Test-Bed with

Embedded Systems

Abstract:

There are many commercial wireless mesh networks(WMN) products available in the

market but incompatibility issues exist as the method to achieve WMN for each vendor is

different and proprietary. This has led to the research of the embedded solution that implements

the WMN in accordance with the 802.11s draft standard. In this implementation, it allows the

legacy system to connect to the WMN regardless of the platform with the help of the second

channel. Besides that, the multi-channel implementation is also used to distribute the load

between the 2 non-overlapping channels.

The 2 channels are used for the legacy stations to connect to the WMN and the WMN

backbone connection respectively. This paper was written as an explanation on how to build the

embedded version of Free BSD to work as a wireless mesh router with PC Engines Alix 3d2 and

the details of the configurations done. The WMN implementation of the Free BSD 8.2 operating

system (OS) was used and system evaluations were done on the embedded systems.


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Energy Monitoring System Using Sensor Networks in

Residential Houses

Abstract:

The energy consumption of consumer electronics has been increasing over the past half

century. Due to the growing importance of energy saving, many researches about the energy

savings of information and communication technology have been presented. Providing residents

with information on their energy use has become a feasible option to promote energy savings in

the residential sector. In this paper, a home energy management system, particularly an energy

monitoring system using sensor networks, is described. The authors designed and developed a

smart power strip sensor network and evaluated its accuracy and energy saving efficiency.

Modeling and analysis of a solar powered wireless sensor

node

Abstract:

A wireless sensor node powered by solar energy is modeled and analyzed. The sensornode consists of six components: solar panel, maximum power point tracker, input stage,

supercapacitor, output stage, and load. The components are either modeled using equivalent

circuits or characterized by behavior defining parameters. The sensor node model is first

simulated and analyzed using a typical solar radiation and a fixed load current. Results show that

these component models capture their characteristics. Two supercapacitor models, the variable

leakage resistance model and the energy iteration equation model, are compared within the

sensor node model. Their potential impacts on sensor node operation are investigated.


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Design and implementation of industrial network

monitoring protocol for networked industrial sensors

Abstract:

We propose a new industrial network monitoring protocol to monitor spatially distributed

autonomous sensors. The proposed protocol is designed for a monitoring network using low-rate

wireless personal area networks (LR-PANs), and has low resource overheads and low-cost for

devices that retrieve sensor data, which operate on the SoC (System on Chip) with

Microcontroller Unit (MCU), memory and 2.4GHz RF transceiver. The proposed protocol

network is implemented in a monitoring network system that comprises a monitoring server and

industrial monitoring devices such as a gateway and several acquisition devices. In this paper, wehave established a realistic environment for the performance evaluation of the proposed protocol.

Several sets of experiments are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed protocol.

A novel cost-effective architecture and deployment strategy

for integrated RFID and WSN systems

Abstract:

In this paper, we propose a novel architecture for integrated Radio Frequency IDentifiers

(RFIDs) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to accommodate an array of applications in a

cost-effective manner. Integration combines the traceability and sensing capabilities of the two

technologies to maximize the effectiveness of the resulting systems. RFID technology extends

the ability of WSNs by tracking otherwise un-sensible objects. WSNs, on the other hand, provide

information on the environment surrounding the node and the ability to transmit in multi-hops to

wider areas.

We propose a novel architecture to integrate these technologies via super nodes that serve

as both RFID readers and relay hubs. The count of the super nodes dominates the cost of these

integrated networks. Thus, it is crucial to distribute these nodes over the layout in a way that


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minimizes their count while ensuring coverage. We employ Integer Linear Programming (ILP)

to achieve a deployment scheme that addresses such constraints. Our approach generated

outstanding results in terms of cost-efficiency when compared to other WSN/RFID integrated

architectures.

Low cost weather station with remote control

Abstract:

This work describes use a PC to control home weather station and visualization

measuring data via applications written in programming language C# with communications viaUSB or RS232. Weather station is capable of measure temperature up to five temperature

sensors DS18B20, wind speed via measuring turbine with optical encoder, the intensity of

illumination via light sensitive element and finally is able to detect an approaching thunderstorm

by measuring atmospheric charge. The station also disposing eight galvanic separation switch

outputs, whose function in the supplied software set to customer requirements. Visualization is

done in the charts for each measured quantity and also in arranged the panel, depicting the actual

situation.

Advances and challenges of wireless body area networks for

healthcare applications

Abstract:

The term wireless body area network (WBAN) is used to describe a network of devices

connected wirelessly for communication on, in and near the body. In this paper, we survey the

current state of various aspects of WBAN technologies that are being used in healthcare

applications. In particular, we examine the following areas: monitoring and sensing, power

efficient protocols, system architectures, routing, and security. We conclude by discussing open

research issues, their potential solutions and future trends.


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Intelligent wireless street lighting system

Abstract:

We propose an innovative wireless street lighting system with optimized management

and efficiency. Wireless communication uses ZigBee-based wireless devices which allow more

efficient street lamp system management, thanks to an advanced interface and control

architecture. It uses many sensors to control and guarantee the optimal system parameters; the

information is transferred point-by-point using ZigBee transmitters and receivers and is sent to a

control terminal used to check the state of the street lamps and to take appropriate measures in

case of failure. The system allows substantial energy savings with increased performance and

maintainability.

The water quality monitoring system based on WSN

Abstract:

The water quality monitoring system is designed for the need of environmental protection

department in a particular area of the water quality requirements. The system is based on the

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). It consists of Wireless Water Quality Monitoring Network and

Remote Data Center. The hardware platform use wireless microprocessor CC2430 as the core of

the node.

The sensor network is builted in accordance with Zigbee wireless transmission

agreement. WSN Sample the water quality, and send the data to Internet with the help of the

GPRS DTU which has a built-in TCP/IP protocol. Through the Internet, Remote Data Center

gets the real-time water quality data, and then analysis, process and record the data.

Environmental protection department can provide real-time guidance to those industry which

depends on regional water quality conditions, like industrial, plant and aquaculture. The most

important is that the work can be more efficient and less cost.


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In-building lighting management system with wireless

communications

Abstract:

Smart Grid refers to the next generation power grid in which the electricity distribution

and management are upgraded by incorporating advanced communications and capabilities for

improved control, efficiency, reliability and safety. Among all fields covered by the term Smart

Grid such as renewable energies, smart metering, electric vehicles, etc. lighting control in home

and building facilities is one of the Smart Grid aspects which is still using very inefficient

technologies. The energy consumption in lighting can be heavily decreased by applying the new

information and communication technologies.

This paper focuses on the development of a lighting management system making use of

wireless sensor networks and implemented using commercial electronic ballast with DALI

communication protocol. The approach consists of integrating into the master controller device a

wireless sensor network in which any DALI ballast is controlled by a network node.

Experimental results about consumption and the system performance are presented and

discussed.

Design and Implementation of Wireless Obstacle Detection

System for Safe Locomotion

Abstract:

Obstacle detection is one of the important aspects to be considered in the development of

smart assistive devices. The latest mobility assistive devices are equipped with this function as a

safety precaution for the users to avoid obstacles in their path. In this project, a wireless,

miniature, low cost, obstacle detection system is proposed. The system is based on optical

sensors which can detect a wide range of obstacles, such as small objects on the walkway (e.g.,


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toys), large static obstructions (e.g. building wall), as well as stairs and uneven surfaces, and

inform the wearer several times before making contact with the object (e.g., 0.5m, 1.5m and 2m).

The sensors are miniature and are suitable for integrating in the shoe for the wearer to undertake

normal daily activities.

Location Based Services and Museum Information Systems

Abstract:

The development of computer technology, mobile devices and sensor technology during

the past 30 years has continually affected the creation of new applications based on emergenttechnologies. By combining the advantages of established technologies with these new

approaches and furthermore adapting those criteria to different user needs and application

scenarios, including the location of users, we are able to extend existing applications with new

mobile components and services. The main focus of this paper is to describe the design of mobile

multimedia indoor information systems and context-sensitive services based on a RFID sensor

network in museums and passive RFID tags. In order to cover a wide range of applications a

standard system architecture was developed.

A Model Driven Software Framework for Zigbee Based

Energy Saving Systems

Abstract:

While wireless sensor network drives the trend toward low-cost, in many industrial

applications, it is not this factor that impacts on the rapid deployment of products on the markets

but the rapidly changing application environment and design requirements. How to rapidly

construct application software for different design requirements and operate smoothly are major

challenges. An automatic embedded software generation framework that can create and evolve

Zigbee applications is proposed. The framework consists of several major modules: pattern


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extraction, code generation and architecture mapping. Pattern extraction and development are

designed to provide Zigbee application with the benefit of model reuse and modification. SysML

serves as a medium between pattern development and code generation.

State diagrams, class diagrams and sequence diagram help describes a specific

application scenario. This research provides an embedded software development framework that

integrates the heterogeneous readers and sensors interfaces with an optimal energy control model

to enhance the quality of digital home living environments. The framework allows rapid

deployment of the supporting software for a suite of energy control and sensing devices aiming

not only at energy saving but allowing individual residents to monitor their energy use at any

time.

The closely similar pattern of power consumption profiles among hand written code and

model derived code indicate that our tool has successfully completed the goal in synthesizing the

required component codes and function successfully in controlling the comfort level with

minimum amount of energy consumption. The stored energy efficient pattern can be reused at

will for real world application of energy saving deployments.

Metal mine underground safety monitoring system based onWSN

Abstract:

In order to improve the unreliable current situation of metal mine monitoring system, we

put forward a monitoring system which contains both environment monitoring and personnel

positioning based on WSN. Fist of all, we introduce the structure of the system and the meaning

of every component, then we design the hardware of base-station including End-point, Router

and Coordinator and ID card. And then, we discussed which personnel positioning algorithm

should be used in this metal mine. At last, we introduce the GIS management platform and how

does it work on GIS management platform.


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Wireless sensor networks for fire emergency and gas

detection

Abstract:

Environmental monitoring applications require adept networking strategies and reliable

communications to ensure the integrity of their most fundamental operations including the

sensing duties, network-node interactions, and system resiliency to unpredictable events. In this

paper, we propose a fire emergency and gas detection system based on WSNs for both indoor

and outdoor environments. The challenges which are addressed in this paper include:

management of nodes, provision of algorithms, risk modeling and analysis, and Over-The-Air-

Programming (OTAP).

Applied application of sensor networks in underground

mines

Abstract:

This paper presents an applied system architecture of sensor networks for managing air

pollution in the underground mine zones. The system is based on common Wireless Sensor

Network (WSN) protocols and multi-radio node architectures which are used to connect the

underground mining sites with the outside world.

Furthermore, this paper establishes the groundwork for enabling wireless connectivity

between the sensing platforms and the routing nodes using data-forwarding techniques and

initiating long-range links among WSNs. In this paper, we describe the techniques which

highlight common sharing of resources between independent WSNs in order to improve the

network operations including the ability to track real-time data and allowing access to Internet

services.


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Application framework for wireless sensor networks

Abstract:

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are evolving rapidly towards specialized application

technologies aimed at enhancing monitoring capabilities in the environmental and safety

domains. The recent trend of advancing wireless telecommunications technology and sensor

design suggest that WSNs will soon find its way into our homes, industries, and natural

surroundings. Current WSN research focuses on lowering power consumptions, and providing

rigid network performances in terms of bandwidth availability and data rates. The objective of

this paper is to develop an application framework for implementing a number of environmental

and safety applications. We discuss the major elements of this framework including: Over-The-

Air-Programming (OTAP), communication and network configuration, sensors manageability,

power efficiency, alarm generation, and finally remote connectivity.

Short-range wireless communication based on AVR

microcontroller: Remote controlsystem of aircraft model for example

Abstract:

With the rapid development of the network and the communication technologies, the

demand for wireless communication is increasing. In recent years, short-range wireless

communication had a rapid development and application in all aspects because of its advantages.

This paper, as the aircraft model' remote control system for a example, briefly introduced how to

achieve short-range wireless communication based on AVR microcontroller. In addition, in this

design, to get a longer transmission distance, we design a RF module.


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A modified wireless token ring protocol for wireless sensor

network

Abstract:

The Wireless Token Ring Protocol (WTRP) is a distributed medium access control

(MAC) protocol which features self-organization, self-healing and no center, etc. It also

guarantees fair node access and quality of service (QoS). Due to the enclosed nature of the ring

structure, WTRP is not suitable for scenarios with rapid topology variations, but proved to be a

valuable MAC protocol candidate for wireless sensor networks with relatively stable structure.

This paper presents a modified WTRP with improvements in network structure expansion,

energy saving and transport efficiency enhancement. The modified node joining mechanismexpands the closed loop into node clusters, which enables better coverage; the sleeping scheme

improves power efficiency; while dynamic token hold time adjusting enhances data throughput.

Design of an energy-saving routing protocol in wireless

sensor networks

Abstract:

This paper takes energy-saving into consideration, basing on typical clustering routing

protocol and combining with the optimal cluster-head selection formula, the improved threshold

formula and cluster radios formulas to choose cluster-heads. Applying the proportionality

principle to the forming stage of cluster to make the distribution of cluster even more reasonable;

during the stable stage of cluster, the member nodes in cluster use TDMA to communicate with

the cluster-head node, and cluster-head nodes communicate with base station BS via multi-hop

interrupt communication manner.


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Realization of intelligence monitoring system based on

remote sensor technology

Abstract:

With the continuous improvement of living standards, people's demands on security also

grow with each passing day. In order to achieve safety monitoring on important places or

valuables, a new intelligence monitoring system was designed and implemented. It took the

wireless sensor technology and the embedded control technology as the foundation. At the same

time, it realized the wireless remote communication with GSM mobile communication

technology.

The structure, function and working principle of the wireless remote monitoring system

were introduced. The hardware and software of the system were all designed and realized. It

achieved wireless remote monitoring on important places and valuables finally. Experimental

results show that the wireless remote monitoring system works well and has the stable data

collection and transmission quality. It has a high value for practical application.

ZIGBEE BASED PROJECTS

A Reliable Transmission Protocol for ZigBee-Based Wireless

Patient Monitoring

Abstract:

Patient monitoring systems are gaining their importance as the fast-growing global

elderly population increases demands for caretaking. These systems use wireless technologies to

transmit vital signs for medical evaluation. In a multihop ZigBee network, the existing systems

usually use broadcast or multicast schemes to increase the reliability of signals transmission;

however, both the schemes lead to significantly higher network traffic and end-to-end


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transmission delay. In this paper, we present a reliable transmission protocol based on anycast

routing for wireless patient monitoring.

Our scheme automatically selects the closest data receiver in an anycast group as a

destination to reduce the transmission latency as well as the control overhead. The new protocol

also shortens the latency of path recovery by initiating route recovery from the intermediate

routers of the original path. On the basis of a reliable transmission scheme, we implement a

ZigBee device for fall monitoring, which integrates fall detection, indoor positioning, and ECG

monitoring. When the triaxial accelerometer of the device detects a fall, the current position of

the patient is transmitted to an emergency center through a ZigBee network. In order to clarify

the situation of the fallen patient, 4-s ECG signals are also transmitted. Our transmission scheme

ensures the successful transmission of these critical messages.

The experimental results show that our scheme is fast and reliable. We also demonstrate

that our devices can seamlessly integrate with the next generation technology of wireless wide

area network, worldwide interoperability for microwave access, to achieve real-time patient

monitoring.

A Zigbee-Based Wearable Physiological ParametersMonitoring System

Abstract:

The design and development of a Zigbee smart noninvasive wearable physiological

parameters monitoring device has been developed and reported in this paper. The system can be

used to monitor physiological parameters, such as temperature and heart rate, of a human

subject. The system consists of an electronic device which is worn on the wrist and finger, by an

at-risk person. Using several sensors to measure different vital signs, the person is wirelessly

monitored within his own home.

An impact sensor has been used to detect falls. The device detects if a person is medically

distressed and sends an alarm to a receiver unit that is connected to a computer. This sets off an


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alarm, allowing help to be provided to the user. The device is battery powered for use outdoors.

The device can be easily adapted to monitor athletes and infants. The low cost of the device will

help to lower the cost of home monitoring of patients recovering from illness. A prototype of the

device has been fabricated and extensively tested with very good results.

Speech Codecs for High-Quality Voice over ZigBee

Applications: Evaluation and Implementation Challenges

Abstract:

The ZigBee standard is designed to enable the deployment of low-cost, low-powerwireless sensor and control networks based on the IEEE 802.15.4 physical radio standard.

Despite the low data rates of ZigBee, its use for transmission of voice has been proven to be

feasible.

This article presents the evaluation and implementation of a voice codec performed in

the framework of the Z-Phone project, which targeted the development of a low-cost, ultra-low-

power, long-range, ergonomic wireless headset using ZigBee technology to transmit voice in

full-duplex mode for use with leading PC VoIP programs. In particular, it presents all the criteriataken into account in selecting the most suitable codec, and also the details and performance of

its implementation.

An Enhanced ZigBee Indoor Positioning System With an

Ensemble Approach

Abstract:

This paper presents a framework for ZigBee indoor positioning with an ensemble

approach. This approach exploits the complementary advantages of various algorithms, weights

the estimation results, and combines them to improve accuracy. This is achieved by dynamically


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analyzing the diverse patterns of inputs and combining base positioning algorithms with spatial

dependent weights. The experiments were conducted in a realistic ZigBee sensor network.

Results demonstrated that the proposed approach apparently achieves more accurate location

estimation than the compared methods including the gradient-based search, linear squares

approximation, multidimensional scaling, fingerprinting method, and a multi-expert system.

Correct-by-Construction and Optimal Synthesis of Beacon-

Enabled Zigbee Network

Abstract:

In this paper we develop a formal approach for the synthesis of a cost-effective and

correct-by-construction communication network (focusing on ZigBee wireless networks) subject

to a set of end-to-end communication constraints of latency, bandwidth and error-rate, together

with the constraints of the network protocols and the desired geographical placement of the

network. We also develop a software platform to implement the proposed approach for network

synthesis, and apply it to a practical wireless network synthesis for centralized as well as

distributed estimation application.

Human detection for residential smart energy systems based

on Zigbee RSSI changes

Abstract:

In this article, the device-free human presence detection method based on radio signal

strength variations is proposed. The method exploits the known fact that human body interferes

with radio signals by causing fading and shadowing effects. Introduced irregularities in the radio

propagation pattern indicate possible presence of a human. The proposed method is incorporated

into the existing platform for intelligent residential energy management.

As opposed to conventional solutions which utilize a complex set of sensors for human

detection, the proposed approach achieves the same only by analyzing and quantifying radio


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signal strength variations incorporated in messages exchanged between 2.4 GHz radio

transceivers. One of the key benefits of the proposed solution is the integration of the detection

algorithm into the smart power outlets and smart light switches. Such an approach improves

interactions in smart home systems, enables intelligent power consumption management and low

installation cost.

Evaluation of ZigBee Time-of-Flight-Based Distance

Measurement for Application in

Emergency Underground Navigation

Abstract:

Low-cost ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4) modules were evaluated as an underground radio

frequency (RF) positioning technology. The work, which was carried out in two tunnels

considered representative of the variety of mining conditions, forms part of a study of location

technologies for use in a navigation device in mines and tunnels following an emergency

incident. Accurate positioning within tunnels was successfully demonstrated over a significant

operating range using time-of-flight measurements on multiple channels and combining the

results using a filtered averaging algorithm.

It was further shown that the technology would continue to provide accurate positioning

information in the presence of RF interference from the types of microwave networks commonly

used in mines and in the presence of metallic obstructions such as machinery or vehicles that are

frequently encountered.


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ZigBee standard in creation of wireless networks for

advanced metering infrastructures

Abstract:

The current grid must be updated and controlled with automated systems that offer the

intelligence of the smart grid. In this task the wireless networks for sensors and actuators are

very important component of the future grid infrastructure, being the “nerve cells” of the entire

system.

The most important player in the smart grid is probably the consumer, that can use the

electricity and at the same time can have its own generation to be feed into the grid. Hence,

metering devices are essential components in the smart grid, monitoring the consumer's behavior

and offering valuable information to the utilities and electric entities that will adapt the

generation to match the consumption in a seamless way.

The ZigBee standard is getting an increased adoption for the creation of cheap wireless

networks that will connect the smart grid devices with each other. Still, there are little or no

works that study the actual installation approaches, minimizing possible obstacles and decreasing

costs. This paper present new field tests that study the integration and installation of ZigBee

capable meters, offering at the same time several installation approaches.

Voice over ZigBee wireless sensor network applications

Abstract:

There are many application areas for wireless sensor networks, such as security, health,

and emergency. Recent research studies show that, voice over wireless sensor network

applications are possible especially for emergency and rescue missions. In this study, by using

6.3 kbps G.723.1 codec, voice over ZigBee wireless sensor networks experiments are made. The

results are examined based on packet loss and MOS voice quality metrics. It is shown that,

acceptable quality voice over ZigBee networks is possible in an indoor linear mesh topology


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wireless sensor network containing up to 4 hops, which are between 10-80 meters. In an outdoor

single hop network topology, ranging between 10-80 meters, acceptable voice quality is

observed up to 60 meters.

Migration from a legacy wireless technology to ZigBee for a

Home Automation market ready system

Abstract:

In the evolving Home Automation (HA) market, several wireless technologies compete

for a place in your home. Technology standards such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, 6LowPan,WirelessHART and others offer hardware solutions to HA products manufacturers. The HA

industry faces now important choices and unknowns when migrating their legacy HA systems to

these new technologies. We migrated - for a Belgium manufacturer - a wireless window shutter

control system to a ZigBee HA system.

This paper presents the challenges encountered and experiences obtained during product

development, manufacturing, and deployment. Migrating an existing HA product to any

technology adds several design constraints to the development cycle of a product. Migrating toZigBee adds more constraints arising from the incompatibility of the ZigBee specification with

the HA manufacturer production, deployment, and marketing practices. Together, these

constraints are non-trivial and act as a barrier for the widespread adoption of ZigBee as the

standard for Home Automation.


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Research of Fire Detecting System Based on ZigBee Wireless

Network

Abstract:

This paper puts forward a strategy of intellectualized fire monitor based on ZigBee

transmission. In this system, a low power, multi-parameter composite fire detection node is used,

which can detect temperature, smoke concentration and CO gas concentration. The hardware and

software implementation are based on 2.4GHz wireless communication chip CC2430. ZigBee

protocol is adopted in the system to form reliable wireless communication. The system uses

fusion theory to handle the data in order to determine whether the fire occurs.

Structural Health Monitoring System of Gantry Crane

Based on ZigBee Technology

Abstract:

Gantry crane is primary handling device in portal work, and also may cause serious

accidences, so it is particularly important to monitor and assess the crane's structural health. Bytaking the gantry crane as a research object, ZigBee wireless network and the components of the

structural health monitoring system based on ZigBee technology are introduced in this paper, and

the testing point position is determined by application of finite element analysis. The structural

health monitoring of the gantry crane is achieved.


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Abstract:


accidences, so it is particularly important to monitor and assess the crane's structural health. By

taking the gantry crane as a research object, ZigBee wireless network and the components of the






Abstract:


accidences, so it is particularly important to monitor and assess the crane's structural health. Bytaking the gantry crane as a research object, ZigBee wireless network and the components of the





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Design issues in ZigBee-based sensor network for healthcare

applications

Abstract:

IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee sensor networks support small power consumption and node

expansion compared to other network standards for WSN. Body sensor networks (BSN) require

a number of sensors for sensing medical information from human body, and low power

consumption to monitor a patient's status for a long time. However, ZigBee has limited

bandwidth and is thus hard to support real time data transmission because of the adoption of

CSMA-CA as its medium access control (MAC) protocol.

In this paper, we will analyze the reasonable number of nodes, size of payload and packet

interval for best QoS for such network. It is found that an appropriate MAC parameters setting

can improve the QoS compared to the default setting in IEEE 802.15.4 specification. The

effective data rate, average end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio are found via simulation

for various network settings. The results are useful for the construction of ZigBee networks for

patient monitoring and care.

A design for wireless access control system based on ZigBee

Abstract:

ZigBee technology brings about the application of wireless communication and data

transformation technology in transformation system due to its low cost and low power

consumption. This paper presents a solution of access control system base on the ZigBee

technology under IEEE802.15.4 standards with the transformation system. The solution of

ZigBee is presented mainly adopting RF chip MC13192 with ATMega128, and its hardware

circuits and structure and working principle are given too. the proposed method is fit for wireless

transformation system for its flexibility, big capacity, extensibility and easily connecting to

network.


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Design of intelligent home appliance control system based on

ARM and ZigBee

Abstract:

This paper introduces the intelligent home appliance control system, the system is

developed through ARM microprocessor, embedded Linux operating system, ZigBee wireless

communication technology and network technology. It gives the overall framework of hardware

and software design, and describes ways to implement the system. User can control appliances

through hand-held mobile terminal.

Design of remote intelligent home system based on ZigBee

and GPRS technology

Abstract:

In this paper, based on ZigBee technology and GPRS a wireless remote and detecting

system for smart home is developed which realized the detecting of the home equipment and the

state of home environment. The system consists of the host control centre and several sub

function modules and software. The host control system includes MC39i module, CC2430

module and STC12C5410 MCU control center. The several sub function modules consists of the

data acquisition module and CC2430 modules.


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The design of ZigBee protocol based mobile node in wireless

sensor network

Abstract:

In order to overcome the defects of static wireless sensor network nodes, such as poor

adaptability, communication disruption, lack of dynamic networking and so on, a kind of

approach to design mobile wireless sensor node is proposed in this paper. Detail hardware

implementation and software design are also introduced. And then together with Laboratory

Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW), ZigBee mobile wireless sensor network

is built to verify the feasibility of the design.

ZigBee routing algorithm based on energy awareness and

energy balance

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of traditional ZigBee tree routing algorithm that node energy

consumption is larger and faster because of heavy transmissions, an improved ZigBee treerouting algorithm based on energy awareness and energy balance was proposed. The neighbor

table and energy balance strategy were introduced to make sure that the routing was locally

optimal by considering energy consumption. The simulation results show that the energy

consumption was reduced efficiently, node energy balance was achieved and the lifetime of node

in the network was extended in this improved algorithm.


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The study of ZigBee networking with wireless sensor

Abstract:

Introduces the ZigBee technology and its protocol stack in this paper. By using TI's

CC2430 to design the hardware of sensor network node, analyses on the principle and process of

ZigBee wireless sensor network building, builds a star network for temperature sensor, and

tracks each nodes through the serial port. Experiments prove that the network nodes working

state is stable.

Wireless underwater mobile robot system based on ZigBee

Abstract:

In this paper, a wireless underwater mobile robot system is designed in order to study the

behavior of Artemia group. A new idea has been presented for underwater mobile robot system

which is consists of two parts, first is the underwater mechanical robot and the second is ZigBee

wireless based mobile robot which controls and moves the first part. By this system different

patterns motion control (Linear, Circular, Zigzag, etc.) has been performed and proved the abilityto control group of robot by controlling the group of Artemia.

Efficient Group Key Management of ZigBee Network for

Home Automation

Abstract:

Traditional network requires group key and session key for sending the encrypted

message for specific group. If group member is changed, server needs to re-distribute the group

and session key. In ZigBee network, the network key can be used for group management. But it


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needs to be encrypted when it is distributed to nodes. In this paper, we propose the efficient

group key management with user authentication protocol in ZigBee network, especially for home

automation, which generates the group key with combination of entity's secret information. This

approach reduces re-distribution of keys with encryption and the storage area for saving the

group and session key.

Centralized Heart Rate Monitoring Telemetry System using

ZigBee WSN

Abstract:

Recent advances in wireless communication standards and medical monitoring system

have made it possible to effectively combine mesh networking with Non-Invasive medical

application which is Pulse Oximeter in order to create reliable, large-scale wireless Network.

This Mesh networking will enable doctors and nurses to observe and monitor a number of

patients simultaneously from one location without being with the patient's physically. This

project is mainly concerned about monitoring patient's condition simultaneously via Wireless

Mesh Network.

Wireless Mesh Network is a network that allows data transmitted to the node's nearest

neighbors and it can be easily maintained as each node are self configuring and self healing. Data

obtained from multiple pulse oximeters will be stored and processed using Arduino-Nano, then

transmitted to a centralized unit, where the information for multiple oximeter will be displayed

simultaneously. The efficiency of data transmission was monitored and verified. Mesh

networking for pulse oximeter had been successfully design to show the active pulse oximeter.

Besides, the data transmit and received by the XBee were accurate and it had been proved

through several observations.


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Design and Implementation of a Family Living Supporting

System Based on ZigBee

Abstract:

For enhancing the self-caring ability of senior citizen, releasing the pressure of the

warding people, a family living supporting system, which is very useful for the paralyzed

patients or some people with mobility difficulties, is proposed. It is composed of the wireless

transmitting unit, the speech recognition module and the network communication part.

A speech recognition processing algorithm is designed to get some command messages

from the user. The system not only uses these commands to control some household equipment,

but also sends some helping signals via wireless network or Internet. If the family members

aren't prompt to respond to these helping messages, these messages will be transmitted by

network communication part to the community service center for assistance immediately. It has

some advantages of low-cost, low-power, high-performance, easy-operation and so on. As a

result, it could be employed as a terminal of health-care of hospital or home.

A Wireless Surveillance and Safety System for MineWorkers based on Zigbee

Abstract:

This paper addresses a cost-effective, flexible solution of underground mine workers'

safety. A module of MEMS based sensors are used for underground environment monitoring and

automating progression of measurement data through digital wireless communication technique

is proposed with high accuracy, smooth control and reliability. A microcontroller is used for

collecting data and making decision, based on which the mine worker is informed through alarm

as well as voice system. The voice system with both microphone and speaker, transforms into

digital signal and effectively communicate wirelessly with the ground control centre computer.


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ZigBee, based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard is used for this short distance transmission between

the hardware fitted with the mine worker and the ground control centre.

The Design of Network Coordinator Based on ZigBee and

GPRS Technology

Abstract:

Aiming at the designed defects of the traditional wireless network node, a kind of

designed scheme of wireless network coordinator based on ZigBee and GPRS technology are

proposed. The system uses LPC2119 as the core and uC / OS - II as operating platform. Itrealizes the establishment and management of ZigBee network, the data communications

between ZigBee network and GPRS network. The system can be used for the need of remote

monitoring occasions.

Remote management and control system for LED based

plant factory using ZigBee and Internet

Abstract:

Recently, intelligent systems for agricultural production are being developed for safe and

low cost food production. Plant factory provide high yield by growing multiple crops and

making efficient use of land and resources. Plant growth is facilitated by maintaining humidity,

temperature, CO2 concentration and light intensity and these factors need to be monitored and

maintained for an automated system. In this paper, we have proposed a control system for a LED

based plant factory consisting of ZigBee wireless mesh network, and remote monitoring via

Internet. Field sensors are installed for monitoring environmental conditions and power metering

and ZigBee mesh network has been deployed for data acquisition from these sensors.

ZigBee nodes transfer the field data to the coordinator node which also serves as a

gateway node providing interoperability between TCP/IP network and ZigBee Wireless Sensor

Network (WSN). A major novelty of the system is the use of LED lighting instead of fluorescent


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lighting due to its low power consumption, long life and useful narrow band. LED lighting

system provides an efficient and economical lighting system that facilitates plant growth by

varying light intensity and frequency according to light conditions and growing requirements and

also helps in reducing production costs and speeding growth. Prototype of the proposed system

has been installed in a small part of greenhouse. Data acquisition and remote management of the

system has shown very satisfactory performance.

Bus Monitoring System Based On Zigbee And GPRS

Abstract:

Presently, public traffic system mainly depends on driver's manual operation, which will

inevitably encounter many problems such as punctuality of the bus's arrival on bus station. Paper

proposes an supervisory system based on GPRS and ZigBee technology, to improve the

operation efficiency of bus monitoring system and realize intelligent transportation system. Paper

introduces the bus monitoring system from the aspect of both hardware design and software

design. System takes it into accounts for the respective advantages and disadvantages of GPRS

and ZigBee, and designs a feasible solution successfully, of practically significant.

Parking spaces detection in indoor environments based on

Zigbee

Abstract:

This paper describes the study about parking spaces detection in indoor environments,

implementing a WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) based on Zigbee technology. Our study

focuses on the analysis of the received power when a vehicle is parked or not, by monitoring the

RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) field defined in the MAC layer as the IEEE 802.15.4

describes. We focus in the analysis of three factors: data processing time, the influence of


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distance in received power and the attenuation effect in the signal when propagates, which

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Final Year Embedded Projects