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7/30/2019 Final Yr. Resucker rod pumpport-niraj
1/27
A
P
PLICA
OJECT
IONS
EPORTREQUIR
B
U
DEPA
ND P
SUBMITMEN F
CHELO
ETROL
NIRAJ
ADM
SESSI
DER T
MR.
ASSIS
TMENT O
INDIAN
D
OBLE
ED IN PR THE
OF TE
EUM E
BY
KUMAR
O.-2009J
ON-2012
HE GUI
inay Ku
ANT P
F PETRO
SCHOO
ANBAD-
S OF
ARTIALWARD
HNOLO
GINEE
RAJAK
E0979
-2013
DENCE
ar Raj
OFESS
EUM EN
OF MIN
26004
UCKE
FULFILF DEG
GY IN
ING
OF
k
R
INEERIN
S
ROD
ENT OEE
UMP
THE
7/30/2019 Final Yr. Resucker rod pumpport-niraj
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Th
R
ful
Engu
N
ot
DE
is is to ce
d Pump
fillment o
gineering,dance of t
part of t
erwise to t
vid
Phone: (032
ARTM
tify that th
submitted
the requi
Indian Sche undersig
e project
e best of
IN
(Deemed te Notification
n Autonomo
6) 2296559 t
ENT O
C
e project
by Niraj
ements fo
ool of Mined, during
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2
IAN S
DHAbe UniversitNo. F.11-4/
us Institution
2296562; F
PETR
RTIFI
ork entitle
umar Ra
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submitted
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of Governme
x: (0326) 22
LEU
ATE
d Applic
ak, Admi
of Bache
d, is carriic session
nywhere
Departm
OF MI
826004on 3 of the U8th Septembe
nt of India fu
6563, Websi
ENGI
tions And
sion No. 2
lor of Tec
d out und012-2013.
or the aw
Mr.
nt of Pet
Indi
ES
C Act 1956,1967 of the
ded by MH
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EERI
Problems
009JE097
hnology in
r the supe
ard of an
inay Ku
Assistant
oleum E
an Schoo
OI)
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hanbad.ac.in
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of Sucke
, in partia
Petroleu
rvision an
degree o
ar Raja
Professo
gineerin
of Mine
Dhanba
7/30/2019 Final Yr. Resucker rod pumpport-niraj
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3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I pay sincere thanks to Mr. Vinay Kumar Rajak (Assistant Professor, Department of Petroleum
engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad) for providing me with the invaluable opportunity
of undergoing project under him. The project has helped me immensely to enhance my
knowledge about the applications of sucker rod pump and problems arises in this.
I also thanks Dr. A. K. Pathak (Professor and Head of, Department of Petroleum Engineering,
Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad) whose empowering vision, initiatives and constant support
helped me immensely.
I also acknowledge the constant support and encouragement shown by our faculty members
NIRAJ KUMAR RAJAK
2009JE0979
B.TECH, PETROLEUM ENGINEERING
INDIAN SCHOOL OF MINES, DHANBAD
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4
CONTENTS
Description Page NoAcknowledgement---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------03
List of figures------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------05
Abstract----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------06
Chapter 1: Introduction---------------------------------------------------------------------------07
Chapter 2: Advantages and Disadvantages---------------------------------------------------10
Chapter 3: Rod Lift--------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
3.1 Insert pumps--------------------------------------------------------------------------11
3.2 Stationary barrel-------------------------------------------------------------------11
3.3 Tubing pumps---------------------------------------------------------------------12
3.4 Barrel assemblies-----------------------------------------------------------------12
3.5 Cages and fitting------------------------------------------------------------------13
3.6 Ball and seats-------------------------------------------------------------------------14
3.7 Plunger assemblies---------------------------------------------------------------14
Chapter 4: Rod pump-------------------------------------------------------------------------------15
Chapter 5: SRP Application-----------------------------------------------------------------------16
Chapter 6: Rod Pumping-------------------------------------------------------------------------18
Chapter7: Problems in SRP------------------------------------------------------------------------19
7.1 Gas interference-------------------------------------------------------------------19
7.2 Fluid dynamics--------------------------------------------------------------------19
7.3 Fluid pond---------------------------------------------------------------------------19
7.4 Inflow behavior problem----------------------------------------------------------21
7.5 Shallow wells--------------------------------------------------------------------------------22
7.6 Sand and corrosion------------------------------------------------------------------22
7.7 Deviated well-------------------------------------------------------------------------22
7.9 Offshore problem-------------------------------------------------------------------22Chapter 8: Tool to eliminate SRP problem-----------------------------------------------------24
Chapter 9: Artificial brain--------------------------------------------------------------------------25
Chapter10: Conclusion-------------------------------------------------------------------------------26
References-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27
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5
List of figures
S.No. Description page No
1. Operational structure of SRP-----------------------------------------------072. Subsurface pump at different stages---------------------------------------083. Valve action--------------------------------------------------------------------094. Rod lift--------------------------------------------------------------------------105. Insert pump--------------------------------------------------------------------116. Stationary barrel-------------------------------------------------------------117. Tubing pump-------------------------------------------------------------------128. Barrel assemblies--------------------------------------------------------------13
9. Cages and fittings----------------------------------------------------------------1310.Balls and seats-------------------------------------------------------------------1411.Plunger assemblies-------------------------------------------------------------1412.Rod pump-------------------------------------------------------------------------1513.Rod pumping--------------------------------------------------------------------1814.Gas interference in SRP-------------------------------------------------------2015.Fluid effect----------------------------------------------------------------------2116.Sand problem in SRP----------------------------------------------------------2217.SRP on offshore----------------------------------------------------------------23
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6
ABSTRACT
It is conceived that, the methods of enhanced oil recovery will play a key role to achieve the
world energy demand in future. After primary and secondary recovery processes, there are
several hundred million barrels of oil remain trapped in the discovered reservoirs. This is a big
challenge for the industry to overcome the increasing demand of oil from the depleted oil
reservoirs. One of the attractive choices to enhance this trapped oil is the sucker rod pump
process. Grouped together multiple technological systems and field experienced personnel to
provide the best configurations for any combination of scenarios that you may be facing in field.
rod pump solution is a complete solution for optimizing rod-pumped wells through well siteautomation and data analysis. By integrating rod pump controllers (RPCs), variable speed motor
drives, remote diagnostic software, and communication systems, Weatherford enables operators
to properly optimize rod-pumped wells.
This project presents a comprehensive review on application of Sucker rod pump towards
maximizing oil recovery, techniques and field experience that can help as reference for furtherexploration of this specialized technique in EOR.
7/30/2019 Final Yr. Resucker rod pumpport-niraj
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INT
The linwell
A suck
threade
compoabove-
the wel
Worki
rod strimotion
Speed
to oscilbeam b
The ho
so that
polishe
ODUCT
e of sucker
er rod is a
d at both
ents of a rround driv
by a serie
g:- The su
ng. In doiof sucker
eduction i
latory moty means o
se head an
no bearing
rod and s
Fig 1:-c
ION
rods is rep
steel rod,
ends, used
ciprocatine for the w
of interco
face unit t
g this, itod. And it
accomplis
on by mepitman ar
bridle are
movement
uffing box
omplete op
resented in
typically b
in the oil
piston puell pump, a
nected suc
ansfers en
must chanmust reduc
hed at gear
ns of wal. Walking
used to en
is applied
combinatio
erational st
7
this diagra
etween 25
industry t
p installed is conne
ker rods.
rgy for pu
e the rotae the spee
reducer.
ing beam.beam is s
ure that pu
o that part
n is used t
ucture of s
m by the s
and 30 fe
join tog
in an oilcted to the
mping the
ry motionof prime-
nd rotary
The crankpported by
ll on the su
of sucker r
maintain
cker rod p
lid black l
et (7 to 9
ther the s
ell. The pdown hole
well from
of prime-over to s
otion of c
arm is coSamson p
ker rod str
od string a
good liqui
ump
ine in the c
eters) in
rface and
ump jack ipump at th
rime-mov
over to ritable pum
ank shaft i
nected tost and sad
ing is verti
bove stuffi
d seal at th
enter of th
length, an
down hol
the visible bottom o
r to sucke
ciprocatinping speed
s converte
he walkinle bearing
al all time
g box. Th
surface.
.
.
7/30/2019 Final Yr. Resucker rod pumpport-niraj
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Here alocation
rods. No
On thtraveling
fluid a
traveling
ross-sectionaof the standi
te also the ch
left-handvalve is o
ove it. At t
valve.
l representatig valve at th
anging pos
Fig 2:-
side of then, and s
is point in t
on of a subsbottom of t
tion of the
ubsurface
figure, ththe standi
e cycle, the f
8
rface pumpe tubing, a
plunger.
ump at di
e plunger ig valve is cl
uid above th
at two differnd the trav
ferent stag
s approachiosed becau
e standing va
ent stages ofling valve
s
g the bottoe it is carr
lve is movin
the pump cat the botto
of its dowing the w
upward thr
cle. Note thof the sucke
stroke. Thight of th
ugh the ope
7/30/2019 Final Yr. Resucker rod pumpport-niraj
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On the
beginni
closes.valve an
become
DuringWhen t
valve cl
valves.
there arethe exa
depend
valves),
closed uallows fl
dependsthe gre
withou
anchor i
the annu
right-hand
g to move u
As the plutraveling v
less than th
ach upwarde plunger re
ses and the
ith each str
two points tct top and
n the spacin
nd on the a
til the pressid to pass th
on the freeter the pr
any true
normally in
us before it
side of th
ward. The pl
nger continlve increas
flowing bot
ovement oches the top
ycle repeats
ke, fluid is
note regardbottom of
(the vo
ount of fre
re below theough it into t
gas volumportion o
umping ac
talled on the
ould otherw
e figure, th
nger starts t
es to moves, while th
om hole pre
the plunger,of its stroke,
ts reciprocati
oved up the
ing the pumhe stroke.
ume that exi
gas present
plunger is grhe tubing. T
in the fluithe stroke
tion taking
tubing below
se enter the p
Fig 3:-
9
e plunger
lift the weig
pward, thepressure in t
sure, the sta
wellbore fluiits moveme
ng moveme
tubing towa
cycle. Thehe point in
sts at the bott
in this volu
ater than thee exact point
below thethat is ta
place. For
the pump. T
ump.
Valve acti
as reache
t of the flui
olume in te working b
ding valve o
s are lifted at is reversed
t of the rods
d the surface
valves willthe upstroke
om of the str
e. On the d
pressure aboin the down
valve. Theen up in
wells produ
is device all
n
the botto
d above it,
e working barrel decreas
ens and for
distance equthe travelin
and the ope
. If the produ
not necessat which the
oke, betwee
wn stroke, t
e it. The tratroke at whi
greater thgas expan
ing a reaso
ws the sepa
of the stro
and the tra
rrel betwees. As soon a
ation fluids
al to one fullvalve opens
ing and closi
ced fluid con
arily openstanding val
the traveling
e traveling
eling valve th the travelin
e volumeion and c
able volume
ated gas to b
e and is jus
eling valv
the standinthis pressur
flow upward
stroke length, the standin
ng of the tw
ains free gas
nd close ae opens wil
and standin
alve remain
en opens ang valve open
of free gasmpression
of gas, a ga
produced u
t
.
.
,
l
,,
7/30/2019 Final Yr. Resucker rod pumpport-niraj
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ADV
Rod pulow-to-
and can
wells, aequipm
wide ra
space re
ratios, wfor this l
metallur
ROD
Rod limainte
and loc
insert-t
NTAGE
ping systemedium prod
be adapted t
d are one ofent can eas
ge of applic
uirements o
ellbore deviaift method, a
y, the devel
IFT
t is the mance requi
s down in
pe pump i
AND DI
s can be usedction rates.
a wide ran
he most wellily be refur
tions, rod pu
surface pu
ion and deptlthough som
pment of lo
ost commrements. A
o the seati
that it can
ADVAN
to reduce bohey are rela
e of operati
known andbished, an
mping syste
ping units. S
limitationse of these pr
g-stroke pu
n form ofn insert-ty
g nipple a
be easily
10
AGES O
tom hole pretively simple
g conditions
enerally undtends to h
s are mainl
lids producti
ue to suckeblems have
ping units an
artificiale down ho
sembly at t
aintained
Fig 4:-Rod
ROD P
sures to verwith respec
. They accou
erstood systeve high sa
limited to
on, corrosion
rod capabilibeen allevia
d other techn
ift, knownle pump is
he bottom
y pulling o
lift
MPING
low levels, ato design, o
nt for the lar
s in the fiellvage valu
nshore locat
and paraffin
ies have alled due to i
cal advances
for its eaattached t
f the tubin
nly the suc
YSTEM
nd offer greaperation and
e majority
. Surface ans. While the
ons due to t
tendencies, h
een seen asprovements
.
sy operatithe sucke
g. An adva
ker rod stri
flexibility fomaintenance
f artificial li
down holy have a ver
e weight an
igh gas-liqui
roblem areain sucker ro
n and lor rod strin
tage of th
g.
,
t
7/30/2019 Final Yr. Resucker rod pumpport-niraj
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INSE
This op
The co
STATI
Contra
assemb
T PUMP
tion for ins
figuration
NARY B
y to the t
ly moves u
ert pumps i
is most use
RREL
aveling ba
and dow
ncludes a
ful in wells
Fig 5:-Ins
rrel, the st
with the
Fig 6:-Sta
11
oving barr
with a sig
ert pump
ationary v
otion of th
tionary bar
el assembl
ificant am
rsion doe
pumping
el
and a stati
unt of "tra
not move
nit.
c plunger a
h," includi
. Instead,
ssembly.
g sand.
he plunge
7/30/2019 Final Yr. Resucker rod pumpport-niraj
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TUBI
A tubin
attache
string.
BARR
All proaccord
G PUMP
g-type pu
to the end
L ASSE
esses are cnce with al
p is typical
of the tubi
BLIES
losely monl of Camer
ly used to
g string, a
Fig 7:-Tu
itored at thns HSE a
12
chieve hig
d the plun
ing pump
Iola, Kand quality
er product
er assemb
as, manufassurance p
on rates. T
y attaches
cturing faclicies.
he barrel a
o the suck
lity and ar
sembly
r rod
in
7/30/2019 Final Yr. Resucker rod pumpport-niraj
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CAGE
Cages
Hard-li
S AND FI
nd fittings
ed and fo
TINGS
are manufa
r-piece ins
Fig 8:-Ba
ctured in a
rt-guided
Fig 9:-
13
rel assemb
variety of
ages are a
ages and fi
lies
aterials to
ailable.
ttings
match spec
ific well co
nditions.
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BALL
The qu
use dur
certific
averag
PLUN
PlungePin-Enresist b
multipl
AND SE
lity of ball
ng the pu
tion, as w
experienc
ER ASS
assembliePlungersth abrasio
e field con
TS
s and seats
ping cycle
ll as the fa
level of o
MBLIES
are availaith a hardand corro
itions.
is the back
. That is w
t that they
er 10 year
Fig 10:-
le in bothess of Rc
sion. Soft P
Fig 11:-Pl
14
one of the
y we emph
are manufa
.
alls and S
pray metal49-60 andack types c
nger asse
sucker rod
asize the i
ctured by e
ats
and soft-pThermo s
ome in a v
blies
pump, as t
portance o
perienced
ck types.ray hard-sriety of co
ey are con
f API 11A
personnel
pray metalrfaced coafiguration
tantly in
ith an
types haveting tofor
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ROD
The twoworking
Another
outsidefluid sea
fluids in
or bottois used.
UMPS
main typesbarrel, and t
less commo
barrel thatl between th
sandy wells.
of the worasing pump
f rod pumpse traveling
type of rod
telescopebarrels. Be
The casing
ing barrel, pare generall
are the statibarrel pu
ump is the t
own in aause this pu
pump is a s
ovides the flused in larg
Fig 12
15
nary pump, which ha
ree-tube p
oncentric mp does not
ecial type o
id pack-offvolume, sh
:-Rod pum
, which has a moving
mp. This p
anner arounse mechani
rod pump i
etween thellow pumpi
a movingorking barr
ump uses a
a standingal seals, it p
which a pac
orking barreg application
plunger anl and a statio
n inner plu
arrel, thus frforms well
ker, placed at
and the casis.
a stationarnary plunger
ger and a
rming a lonwith abrasiv
either the to
g. No tubin
.
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16
SUCKER ROD PUMP APPLICATIONS
1. Sucker rod pumping (SRP) is widely used artificial lift method for oil production. Tomanage sucker rod pump system, engineers and technicians should be charged with goodknowledge of the corresponding principles and applied equipment. Also, having
knowledge to optimize and design sucker rod pumping system is the main request for a
successful application. To know how to analyze the sucker rod system and identify the
operating conditions are the key prerequisites for efficient operation of SRP system.Special attention is directed towards acquiring the practical knowledge to make a
troubleshooting diagnoses using qualitative and quantitative interpretation of recorded
dynamo grams. Detailed explanations of sucker rod mathematical model provide enough
knowledge to understand the application of real time pump-off and SCADA systems.
DESIGNED FOR
Production engineers who already have basic knowledge of sucker rod application, as well as
technical personnel involved in maintenance, control and monitor of the SRP system.
The principles of sucker road pumping system operation. To select the best equipment according to well and surface conditions.
How to apply system analysis methodology for designing and sensitivity study of SRPsystem.
To design SRP system and select the most appropriate operation parameters. To recognize the problems and to diagnose problem in SRP operation using surface and
down-hole dynamo-graph cards.
COURSE OUTLINE
Sucker rod installationo
Down hole equipmento Surface equipment
Load and stresses in sucker rod system. System analysis
o Sucker rod system analysis procedureo System analysis example
Sucker rod pump system modelingo Pumping unit kinematics model.o Wave equations of sucker road system.
Design methodso Combined analytic/empric method
7/30/2019 Final Yr. Resucker rod pumpport-niraj
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17
o API design methodo Design exampleso Design using our in-house software (Sucker Rod Comprehensive Design,
Optimization and Trouble Analysis).
Sucker rod pump system diagnosis using dynamometer cards. Qualitative analysis of surface dynamometer cards. Surface dynamometer cards library. Quantitative surface dynamometer card interpretation. Down hole dynamometer cards. Trouble shooting procedure and analysis.
2. Pump lift is a simple, very efficient and economic artificial lift method suitable especiallyin high gas liquid ratio (GLR) oil wells, gas wells with loading problem and inefficient
application of intermittent lift due to high liquid fallback and gas slippage. The problems,such as paraffin and gas hydrate, can be solved successfully. During the course the
attendants will be introduced with the most important details in plunger lift operation.
Knowing the specific conditions in wells and surface, and using knowledge gained on thecourse, the participants will be able to select the suitable completion scheme, to select
down hole and surface equipment for optimal operation, and finally, to optimize and
design plunger lift. Answers to the questions regarding to inefficient plunger operationand troubles are the main objectives in many cases. The subject of the case studies
analysis session will be how to manage plunger lift operations.
DESIGNED FOR
Production engineers, technical personnel involved on fields where plunger lift is applied orwhere it will be applied.
COURSE OUTLINE
Introduction to plunger lift operation. Down hole equipment and completion. Surface equipment and monitoring. Dynamic models
o Hydrodynamic modelo Mechanical modelo Model for specific applications
Design & Optimizationo Intermittent gas lifto Gas and high GLR wells
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19
PROBLEMS IN SRP
1. GAS INTERFERENCES IN SRP
Commonly used artificial lift or dewatering system is sucker rod pump and gas interference of
the pump is the biggest issue in the oil and gas industry. Gas lock or fluid pound problems occur
due to the gas interference when the pump has partially or completely unfilled plunger barrel.
There are several techniques available in the form of patents to solve these problems but those
techniques have positive as well as negative aspects. Some of the designs rely on the leakage and
some of the designs rely on the mechanical arrangements etc to break the gas lock. The presentarticle compares the existing gas interference handling techniques.
Type 1 Gas Lock:-
occurs only if the fluid level is greater than 1/3 the total depth to the seating nipple or if a bridge
is present that gives the effect of pumping from below a packer (rare). Expanding gas bubbles
"tickle" the balls and seats (valves), and the well comes to equilibrium pumping at very low
efficiency and with an elevated fluid level. The cure for Type 1 gas lock is to use either as
nubber cage or a backpressure valve.
Type 2 Gas Lock:-
occurs when a volume of gas is trapped between the valves in a pump. In a Type 2 gas lock, the
peak pressure of the trapped gas on the down stroke is insufficient to overcome the hydrostatic
head on the traveling valve. Then, the pressure is not reduced enough on the upstroke to allow
the standing valve to open and admit new fluid. Both valves are effectively stuck in the closed
position and the pump refuses to pump. This is essentially the opposite of the Type I gas lock,but the results appear the same. Using a backpressure valve is not the cure for Type 2 gas locks;
the practice will actually make the problem worse.
2. FLUID DYNAMICS IN SUCKER ROD PUMP
Many persistent problems in sucker rod pumping, including partial pump filling, gas
interference, fluid pound, and compression loading of the valve rod are strongIy influenced by
7/30/2019 Final Yr. Resucker rod pumpport-niraj
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the hyd
effects
betweemovem
fluid re
sliding
model.
pumps,
the res
general
wing tr
3. FLU
As exp
the ups
a void
sudden
that, in
the co
raulics of t
are often l
the rodsent due to
sistance in
friction. T
The purpo
which cou
lting flow
fluid mod
deoff stud
ID POUN
rienced in
roke. As t
until the
y transferr
turn, trans
ponents of
e pump. I
mped into
and tubinghydraulic
the thin a
is pump
e of this pr
ld predict f
rates and
l would p
es of pum
a pumping
e down str
plunger h
ng the loa
its a shoc
the pumpi
rod string
pump fric
. Pump friesistance
nulus betw
riction is
oject was t
or any give
pressure d
ovide a be
selection
Fig 14:-
oil well, is
ke begins,
its the flu
from the r
wave thr
g system.
20
design an
tion factor
tion consif fluid flo
een the pl
ften treate
develop a
n pump ge
rops anyw
ter quantit
nd stroke r
as interfer
caused by
the entire
id level in
od string t
ughout the
diagnosti
together
ts of resising throu
nger and t
as a con
general flu
ometry, str
ere in the
tive under
te for a gi
ence in SR
he pump n
luid and ro
the pump
the tubing
pumping
programs
ith other
ance to thgh the pu
e barrel,
stant due t
id model o
ke rate, a
pump thr
standing o
en well.
P
ot complet
string loa
arrel. The
, causing a
ystem. Thi
these pum
effects suc
e plungersps intern
nd any me
o lack of
down hol
d well flui
ughout th
pump fri
ly filling
moves do
traveling v
sharp decr
s shock wa
hydraulic
as frictio
downwarl passages
al to meta
n adequat
sucker ro
propertie
stroke.
tion, a H
ith fluid o
wn throug
alve opens
ase in loa
e damage
,
,
7/30/2019 Final Yr. Resucker rod pumpport-niraj
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4. INF
A com
well wi
of fluid
wellsmatche
produc
produc
than th
OW BEH
mon opera
th an instal
entering a
nflow, thes the abilit
d (which
d) or ov
amount o
AVIOUR
ing proble
led beam p
well is co
displacemof the w
means th
r-produced
fluid movi
Fi
ROBLE
in a suc
umping sy
stantly ch
ent of theell to prod
at the ma
(which
ng into the
21
g 15:-Fluid
S
er rod pu
tem that h
nging as t
installed bce fluid.
imum pro
eans that
wellbore).
effect
ping syste
s a fixed
e well pu
eam pumpherefore,
duction ca
he pumpi
is trying
isplaceme
ps down o
ing systemhe well is
pacity of
g system
to match i
t. Because
r is re- cha
almost neusually eit
he well is
isplaceme
flow into
the amoun
rged by th
ver exactler under
not bein
t is greate
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5. ON
As we
wells.
inside
6. NO
Since s
proble
one of
7. PR
Beside
proble
cause tsand b
sucker
sucker
equipm
Y FOR S
now that s
ause usin
eep.so one
FOR DE
cker rod
arises in
he major p
BLEM O
above pro
.by contin
decreasend get de
rod pump.
rod pump,
ent.
ALLOW
ucker rod
for deep
of the mos
IATED
ump uses
case of dev
oblem of s
SAND A
blems also
uous move
fficiencyosited wh
this is very
they get c
WELLS
ump is use
ells flow
problem o
ELLS
straight r
iated wells.
ucker rod p
D CORR
there is no
ment of ro
f sucker roch totally
serious pr
rroded in
Fig 16:
22
only for
ate decrea
f sucker ro
d to pump
it cannot b
ump.
SION
n-operatio
d of sucke
d pump leastop the o
blem. exc
resence o
-Sand prob
hallow we
es, and als
pump is i
inside the
used to pr
al problem
r rod pum
ds to decreeration m
pt this the
any salt
lem in SRP
lls, so it is
o pump ef
limitation
ell to flo
oduce oil i
like sand
sand get
ase produy lead to
e is also p
ater cause
ot applica
iciency du
for depth.
oil outsid
deviated
logging an
deposited
tion. somedamage eq
oblem of
to falling
le for dee
to movin
e. therefor
ells, this i
d corrosio
around ro
imes heavuipment o
orrosion o
nd damag
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8. OFF
Since
offshor
also itpump
limitati
SHORE P
rtificial lif
e, but due
equires laystem can
on of sucke
OBLEM
is require
o heavy w
ge area tobe install
r rod pump
d also for
eight is be
install so ad. Theref
in petroleu
Fig
23
offshore s
omes diffi
large stagre hardly
m industry
7:-SRP on
one can
ult to ins
e is installit is used
.
offshore
think abou
all sucker
upon wateon offshor
sucker ro
od pump
r on whiche. This is
d pump o
n off shor
sucker rothe bigges
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24
A TOOL TO ELIMINATE COMMON SUCKER ROD PROBLEM
Gas locking and sticking are common problems in sucker rod pumps. To alleviate these
problems, it is a common practice in the oilfield to "bang bottom" to unseat the traveling valve.
The action of "banging bottom" may solve the gas locking and sticking problems, but it also
causes undesirable impact and wear on the pump, sucker rods, tubing, and gear box andeventually the premature failure of the pumping equipment.
A tool was designed to eliminate the necessity of "banging bottom" to alleviate gas lock and
sticking.
DESCRIPTION
The tool, attached to the top of the plunger, uses the hydrostatic head in the tubing to compressthe spring during the upstroke until the stabilizer is in contact with its seat, leaving a one-half
inch space between the contact surfaces as shown in Figure No. 1. During the down stroke in a
gas lock situation, the stabilizer and traveling valve remain seated until the hydrostatic head is
overcome by the compressive gas force in the pump. At that instant, the stabilizer is lifted andthe plunger pin bumps the bottom of the housing. As a result of this impact, the traveling valve is
unseated and, consequently, fluid. Because this bumping action takes place near the travelingvalve, its effect is more pronounced and direct. Because the bumping action of the tool is
controlled, damage to the pump due to the bumping action is dramatically less than in the
common practice of "banging bottom".
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25
ARTIFICIAL BRAIN IS REQUIRED TO SOLVE THE PUMPING
PROBLEM
Basic science has not yet been applied to the problem of sucker-rod pumping. Consequently, the
problem is still unsolved. Defining the problem in terms of the fundamental equations thatgovern the behavior of a sucker-rod pumping system shows that an analogue or a "simulator" is
required to solve the problem. The simulator could be one of several types. Evidence is presented
to show that an electric simulator might be used. Limitations of present procedures for designingsucker-rod systems are described and illustrated; and the benefits that will result from solving the
problem are outlined. The present place of sucker-rod pumping has been achieved by thecontinued effort of the industry to improve the equipment and to obtain a better under standing of
the behavior of the system. There are reasons for believing, however, that the ultimate in thedesign and operation of sucker-rod pumping systems has not been reached and that further
improvement and economy can be effected.
There has been a tremendous amount of time and money spent on various aspects of the sucker-
rod pumping problem. This time and money has largely been spent in making tests and takingmeasurements in the field in an attempt to empirically determine the behavior of the sucker-rod
system. The past approach to the sucker-rod pumping problem has contributed about all that it
can to the design and operation of sucker-rod pumping systems, as evidenced by the fact that
there has been little or no progress along this line in the past 10 years. If progress is to continue,and if the problem of lifting oil from increasingly greater depths is to be intelligently handled, a
more fundamental approach must supplement the empirical procedure of the past. Such progresscannot be made without a better understanding of the basic fundamentals of the sucker-rod
pumping problem.
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27
REFRENCES
1. M. Algharaib, R. Gharbi, A. Malallah, and W. Al-ghanim, SPE 105071 Parametric
Investigations of a Modified SWAG Injection Technique,Distribution, pp. 1-13, 2007.
2. G. Nadeson, N. Aidil, B. A. Petronas, S. Services, S. Bhd, and A. S. Alberta, SPE 88499
Water Alternating-Gas ( WAG ) Pilot Implementation , A First EOR Development Project in
Dulang Field ,Offshore Peninsular Malaysia, Offshore (Conroe, TX), 2004.
3. T. E. Europe, WORLDWIDE LOOK AT RESERVES AND PRODUCTION, pp. 2-3,
2012.
4. M. K. Zahoor, M. N. Derahman, and M. H. Yunan, Wag Process Design an UpdatedReview,Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 109-121, Jun. 2011.
5. R. Al-mjeni et al., Has the Time Come for EOR ?, Communication, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 16-35,
2011.
6. H. Muggeridge, C. A. Grattoni, and E. Science, SPE 84894 Laboratory Investigations Of
First Contact Miscible Wag Displacement : The Effects Of Wag Ratio And Flow Rate, EarthScience, pp. 1-10, 2003.
7. M. Namani and J. Kleppe, SPE 143297 Investigation Of The Effect Of Some Parameters In
Miscible WAG Process Using Black-Oil And Compositional Simulators, Water, 2011.
8.http://www.spe.org/jpt/print/archives/2009/01/JPT2009_01_14EORFocus.pdf
9. http://maxwellsci.com/print/rjaset/v4-645-648.pdf.