Financial & Marketing Management

7/22/2019 Financial & Marketing Management

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Igodohgdk Bdodmcbcot Dol Bdr`ctgom Bdodmcbcot

Inr ircc stuly ontcs knm no5 www.muru`pn.hnb

Jgydog's \fgo` \do`

Hnohcpt jdscl ontcs

Igodohgdk dol Bdr`ctgom

Bdodmcbcot(JHD GG Wcdr)

Bs. Ydrsfd Xfdrbd

Lcptt. Ni BJD

Jgydog Gostgtutc ni Xhgcohc dol Bdodmcbcot

Edgpur


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Qujkgsfcl jy5

\fgo` \do`s

Jgydog Mrnup ni Hnkkcmcs

Hnohcpt & Hnpyrgmft5

Jgydog Xfg`sfdo Xdbgtg

Xchtnr-8, Yglfydlfdr Odmdr,

Edgpur-81: 1:8 (Zdedstfdo)

Qf 5 14


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Qrcidhc

G db mkdl tn prcscot tfgs jnn`, cspchgdkky lcsgmocl tn scrvc tfc occls ni tfcstulcots. \fc jnn` fds jcco wrgttco `ccpgom go bgol tfc mcocrdk wcd`ocss go

uolcrstdolgom tfc iuoldbcotdk hnohcpts ni tfc tnpghs. \fc jnn` gs scki-cxpkdodtnry dol

dlnpts tfc \cdhf Wnurscki stykc. Gt gs jdscl no qucstgno-doswcr pdttcro. \fc kdomudmc

ni jnn` gs qugtc cdsy dol uolcrstdoldjkc jdscl no shgcotgigh dpprndhf.

Doy iurtfcr gbprnvcbcot go tfc hnotcots ni tfc jnn` jy bd`gom hnrrchtgnos,

nbgssgno dol gohkusgno gs `cco tn jc dhfgcvcl jdscl no summcstgnos irnb tfc rcdlcrsinr wfghf tfc dutfnr sfdkk jc njkgmcl.

G dh`onwkclmc spchgdk tfdo`s tn Br. Zdeccv Jgydog, Hfdgrbdo& Lr. Xdoedy Jgydog,

Lgrchtnr (Dhdl.) Jgydog Mrnup ni Hnkkcmcs, wfn drc tfc jdh`jnocs dol bdgo hnohcpt

prnvglcr dol dksn fdvc jcco hnostdot snurhc ni bntgvdtgno tfrnumfnut tfgs Colcdvnur.

\fcy pkdycl do dhtgvc rnkc go hnnrlgodtgom tfc vdrgnus stdmcs ni tfgs Colcdvnur dol

spcdrfcdlcl tfc pujkgsfgom wnr`.

G knn` inrwdrl tn rchcgvgom vdkudjkc summcstgnos irnb prnicssnrs ni vdrgnus

cluhdtgnodk gostgtutgnos, ntfcr idhukty bcbjcrs dol stulcots inr gbprnvcbcot ni tfc

qudkgty ni tfc jnn`. \fc rcdlcr bdy icck ircc tn scol go tfcgr hnbbcots dol summcstgnos

tn tfc uolcr bcotgnocl dllrcss.

Dutfnr

Ydrsfd Xfdrbd


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Xykkdjus


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Hnotcot

Sogt wgsc Tucstgnos dol doswcrs

Hdsc prnjkcbs

Buktgpkc Hfnghc Tucstgnos

@cy tcrbgonknmgcs

Xummcstcl jnn`s

Xummcstcl ]cjsgtcs


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Xchtgno D

Bcdogom, shnpc, gbpnrtdohc dol kgbgtdtgno ni

igodohgdk Bdodmcbcot \ds`s dol

rcspnosgjgkgtgcs ni d Bnlcro Igodohc bdodmcr.

T4. ]fdt ln ynu uolcrstdol jy igodohgdk bdodmcbcot> Lgshuss gts rnkc nr

`cy drcds ni igodohc go jrgci.

Dos. Gotrnluhtgno5 Igodohgdk bdodmcbcot gs fds cbcrmcl ds do gotcrcstgom dol

cxhgtgom drcd inr dhdlcbgh stulgcs ds wckk ds inr tfc prdhtghdk igodohc

bdodmcrs. Igodohgdk bdodmcbcot hnvcrs dkk lchgsgnos, td`co jy dogolgvgludk nr d jusgocss igrb, wfghf fdvc igodohgdk gbpkghdtgnos. Go nur

sgbpkc uolcrstdolgom igodohc pcrhcgvcs ds Bnocy. Jut go dhtudk tcrbs

igodohc gs stuly ni bnocy dol gts iknw.

Bcdogom5

\fc wnrkl Igodohgdk Bdodmcbcot gs tfc hnbpnsgtgno ni twn wnrls g.c.Igodohcdol Bdodmcbcot.

Igodohc bcdos tfc shgcohc nr stuly ni bnocy dol gts suppky. Gt gs tfc

prnhurgom nr rdgsgom ni bnocy suppky (iuols) dol dkknhdtgom (usgom) tfnsc

rcsnurhcs (iuols) no tfc jdsgs ni bnoctdry rcqugrcbcots ni tfc jusgocss.

Igodohc gs hdkkcl shgcohc ni bnocy. Gt gs ont noky dht ni bd`gom bnocy


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dvdgkdjkc, jut gts dlbgogstrdtgno dol hnotrnk sn tfdt gt hnukl jc prnpcrky

utgkgzcl.\fc wnrl Bdodmcbcot bcdos pkdoogom, nrmdogzgom, hnnrlgodtgom dol

hnotrnkkgom fubdo dhtgvgtgcs wgtf rcicrcohc tn igodohc iuohtgno inr

dhfgcvgom mndks/njechtgvcs ni nrmdogzdtgno. \fus igodohgdk bdodmcbcot gs

lcigocl ds tfc nvcrdkk dlbgogstrdtgno dol bdodmcbcot ni bnocy dol gts

iknw.

Lcigogtgno ni Igodohgdk bdodmcbcot5 Igodohgdk Bdodmcbcot bcdos

pkdoogom, nrmdogzgom, lgrchtgom dol hnotrnkkgom tfc igodohgdk dhtgvgtgcs

suhf ds prnhurcbcot dol utgkgzdtgno ni iuols ni tfc cotcrprgsc. Gt bcdosdppkygom mcocrdk bdodmcbcot prgohgpkcs tn igodohgdk rcsnurhcs ni tfc

cotcrprgsc.

Lgdmrdbbdtgh Cxpkdodtgno ni Igodohgdk Bdodmcbcot

Cxpkdodtgno ni tfc `cy drcds ni igodohc5

G Zdgsgom ni iuolsJdscl no tfc tntdk rcqugrcbcots ni hdpgtdk/iuols inr uscgo igxcl dsscts, hurrcot dsscts ds wckk ds gotdomgjkc dsscts kg`c mnnlwgkk, pdtcot,

trdlc bdr`, jrdol cth. hruhgdk lchgsgno drc5

- ]fco tn rdgsc (tgbc)

- Xnurhcs irnb wfghf tn rdgsc

Igodohgdk

Bdodmcbcot

Qkdoogom

NrmdogzgomHnnrlgodtgom

Hnotrnkkgom

Zdgsgom ni iuols

Govcstbcot niIuols &

Lgstrgjutgno ni

Iuols

Inr

Dhfgcvgom

Mndks ni do

Nrmdogzdtg

Ni


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- Fnw buhf (qudotub ni bnocy)

- Go wfghf inrb (lcjt nr cqugty)

- Hnst ni rdgsgom iuols

GG Govcstbcot ni iuolsIuols rdgscl occl tn jc dkknhdtcl/ govcstcl go5

Igxcl dssctsdksn `onwo ds hdpgtdk dsscts nr hdpgtdk julmctgom lchgsgno.\fcsc lchgsgnos drc jdscl upno hnst dol rcturo dodkysgs tfrnumf vdrgnustchfogqucs

Hurrcot dssctsdksn `onwo ds wnr`gom hdpgtdk bdodmcbcot. \fcsc drcdsscts inr ldy tnldy ruoogom tfc jusgocss kg`c hdsf, rchcgvdjkcs,govcotnry, sfnrt inrb govcstbcots cth. Lchgsgno djnut govcstbcot niiuols gs td`co `ccpgom go vgcw twn gbpnrtdot dspchts g.c. Qrnigtdjgkgtydol Kgquglgty.

GGG - Lgstrgjutgno ni iuols- Qrnigt cdrocl occl tn jc lgstrgjutcl go tfc inrb ni

lgvglcol. Fgmfcr tfc rdtcs ni lgvglcol, fgmfcr wnrkl drc tfc prghc ni sfdrcs go

bdr`ct. Dontfcr hruhgdk lchgsgno uolcr gt wnukl jc tfc qudotub ni prnigt tn jc

rctdgocl. \fc rctdgocl prnigt gs hnst ircc bnocy tn tfc nrmdogzdtgno.

T.: ]fdt drc tfc `cy njechtgvcs nr mndks ni Igodohgdk Bdodmcbcot>

Nr

]fy wcdktf bdxgbgzdtgno /vdkuc bdxgbgzdtgno gs hnosglcrcl ds jcttcrnjechtgvc gostcdl ni prnigt bdxgbgzdtgno>

Dos \fcrc drc twn njechtgvcs ni igodohgdk bdodmcbcot vgz

Qrnigt bdxgbgzdtgno Xfdrc fnklcrs wcdktf bdxgbgzdtgno


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\fcrc drc twn shfnnks ni tfnumft go tfgs rcmdrl

4. \rdlgtgnodk dol:. Bnlcro.

]fgkc trdlgtgno dpprndhf idvnrs prnigt bdxgbgzdtgno ds `cy njechtgvc,tfc bnlcro tfgo`crs idvnrs sfdrc fnklcrs wcdktf bdxgbgzdtgno ds `cynjechtgvc ni igodohgdk bdodmcbcot. \rdlgtgnodk tfgo`crs jckgcvc tfdtprnigt gs dpprnprgdtc ydrlstgh` tn bcdsurc npcrdtgnodk ciighgcohy ni docotcrprgsc. \fcy drc ni tfc vgcw tfdt d igrb sfnukl uolcrtd`c nokytfnsc dhtgvgtgcs tfdt gohrcdsc tfc prnigt.

Dspchts ni prnigt bdxgbgzdtgno5

(g) Qrnigt gs do dbjgmunus hnohcpt. Qrnigt hdo jc knom tcrb nr sfnrttcrb, prnigt jcinrc \dx nr ditcr \dx, prnigt hdo jc npcrdtgom prnigt nrmrnss prnigt cth. \fc chnonbgsts hnohcpt ni prnigt gs lgiicrcot tfcodhhnuotdots hnohcpt ni prnigt.

(gg) Qrnigt bnttn bdy kcdl tn cxpkngtdtgno ni hustnbcrs, wnr`crs,cbpknyccs dol gmonrc ctfghdk trdlc prdhtghcs.

(ggg) Qrnigt bntgvc dksn gmonrcs snhgdk hnosglcrdtgnos nr hnrpnrdtc snhgdkrcspnosgjgkgty nr mcocrdk pujkgh wckidrc.

(gv) Qrnigt dkwdys mncs fdol- tn fdol wgtf rgs`. \fc nwocrs ni jusgocsswgkk ont kg`c tn cdro bnrc dol bnrc prnigt jy dhhcptgom bnrc rgs`.

(v) \fc prnigt bdxgbgzdtgno wds td`co ds njechtgvc wfco jusgocss wdsscki igodohcl dol scki hnotrnkkcl.

Hnotrdlghtnry Ygcw5 Go vgcw ni djnvc, bnlcro tfgo`crs hnosglcr wcdktfbdxgbgzdtgno ds `cy njechtgvc ni igodohgdk bdodmcbcot. \fgs gs dksn`onwo ds vdkuc bdxgbgzdtgno nr oct prcscot wnrtf bdxgbgzdtgnos.\fgs sfdrc fnklcrs wcdktf bdxgbgzdtgno gs cvglcot irnb gohrcdsc gotfc prghc ni sfdrcs go tfc bdr`ct. \fcy drc ni tfc vgcw tfdt wcdktfbdxgbgzdtgno gs suppnscl tn jc supcrgnr nvcr prnigt bdxgbgzdtgnoluc tn inkknwgom rcdsnos5

Dspchts ni wcdktf Bdxgbgzdtgno5

\fgs uscs tfc hnohcpt ni iuturc cxpchtcl hdsf iknws rdtfcr tfdo dbjgmunustcrb ni prnigt.


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Go td`cs go tn dhhcot tgbc vdkuc ni bnocy.

Gt dksn td`cs hdrc ni rgs` idhtnrs dssnhgdtcl wgtf prnecht ds tfc lgshnuot rdtcuscl inr hdkhukdtgom prcscot vdkuc gs mcocrdkky d rgs` dleustcl lgshnuotrdtc.Gt gs hnosgstcot wgtf tfc njechtgvc ni bdxgbgzgom nwocrs wckidrc.

Hnohkusgno5

Cqugty sfdrcs ni d hnbpdoy drc trdlcl go stnh` bdr`ct dol stnh` bdr`ct

quntdtgno ni d sfdrc scrvcs ds do golcx ni pcrinrbdohc ni tfc hnbpdoy.\fc wcdktf ni cqugty sfdrc fnklcrs go bdxgbgzcl noky wfco bdr`ct vdkuc

ni cqugty sfdrc ni tfc hnbpdoy gs bdxgbgzcl. Go tfgs hnotcxt, tfc tcrb

wcdktf bdxgbgzdtgno gs rclcigocl ds vdkuc bdxgbgzdtgno.

Dt bdhrn kcvck, d igrb fds njkgmdtgno tn tfc snhgcty wfghf gs iukigkkcl jy

bdxgbgzgom prnluhtgno ni mnnls dol scrvghcs dt kcdst hnst, tfcrcjy

bdxgbgzgom wcdktf ni snhgcty.

T.8 Lgshuss go jrgci tfc rcspnosgjgkgtgcs ni d igodohgdk bdodmcr go prcscot

shcodrgn>

Nr

Cxpkdgo go jrgci `cy iuohtgnos ni d igodohc bdodmcr nr hfgci igodohc

niighcr ni d kdrmc sgzc golustrgdk nrmdogzdtgno.

Dos. Igodohgdk bdodmcr gs tfc noc wfn pcrinrbs tfc igodohgdk bdodmcbcot

go tfc hnbpdoy. D igodohc bdodmcr ni d kdrmc nrmdogzdtgno fds d vcry

hruhgdk rcspnosgjgkgty tn sfnuklcr ds fc fds tn td`c dkk lchgsgno djnut

rdgsgom & utgkgzdtgno ni rcsnurhcs fdvc jcco td`co ciighgcotky dol dt on

tgbc rcsnurhcs sfnukl rcbdgo glkc. Ds tfc sgzc ni nrmdogzdtgno mrnws dol

vnkubc ni igodohgdk trdosdhtgnos gohrcdscs, fgs rnkc dol iuohtgnos dssubcs


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mrcdtcr gbpnrtdohc. D igodohgdk bdodmcr gs dksn `onwo ds HIN, g.c. Hfgci

Igodohgdk Niighcr.\fc `cy iuohtgnos ni d igodohgdk bdomcr drc ds inkknws5

D)Bdodmcbcot iuohtgnos

Qkdoogom - D HIN fds tn bd`c igodohgdk pkdoogom go tfc inrb ni sfnrt

tcrb dol knom tcrb pkdos dol irdbc pnkghgcs rckdtgom tn snurhcs ni igodohc,

govcstbcot ni iuols gohkulgom hdpgtdk cxpcolgturc dol lgstrgjutgno ni

prnigt.

Nrmdogzgom- hrcdtgom dol bnogtnrgom prnpcr nrmdogzdtgnodk struhturc ni

igodohc knn`gom tn tfc occls ni nrmdogzdtgno.

HnnrlgodtgnoD HIN fds tn hnnrlgodtc wgtf dkk ntfcr lcpdrtbcot sn tfdton lcpdrtbcot suiicrs inr wdot ni iuols.

Hnotrnkkgom D HIN fds tn igx/ sct stdoldrls ni pcrinrbdohc, hnbpdrcdhtudk wgtf stdoldrls igxcl dol cxcrhgsc hnotrnk no lgiicrcohcs. Fc hdo

dppky tchfogqucs ni julmctdry hnotrnk dol inr tfgs0 fc fds tn lcvcknp d

systcb ni hnkkchtgom/ prnhcssgom/dodkyzgom goinrbdtgno.

J) Iuohtgnos rckdtcl tn igodohc5

Igodohgdk Qkdoogom D HIN fds tn bd`c igodohgdk pkdoogom go tfc inrb

ni sfnrt tcrb dol knom tcrb pkdos dol irdbc pnkghgcs rckdtgom tn snurhcs

ni igodohc, govcstbcot ni iuols gohkulgom hdpgtdk cxpcolgturc dol

lgstrgjutgno ni prnigt.

Igodohgdk inrchdstgom Hrcdtgom dol bnogtnrgom prnpcr nrmdogzdtgnodkstruhturc ni igodohc knn`gom tn tfc occls ni nrmdogzdtgno.

Igodohgdk comgoccrgom - D HIN fds tn `ccp fgbscki djrcdst wgtf ocwtchfogqucs ni igodohgdk dodkysgs dol ocw igodohgdk gostrubcots hnbgom go


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bdr`ct. Go igodohgdk comgoccrgom, d HIN fds tn wnr` no igolgom nut

snkutgnos tn tfc prnjkcb tfrnumf hnbpkcx bdtfcbdtghdk bnlcks dol fgmfspccl hnbputcr snkutgnos.

H) Jdsgh Iuohtgnos

9Ds

Dotghgpdtgom tfc occls ni iuols go tfc nrmdogzdtgno

Dhqugsgtgno ni iuols

Dkknhdtgno ni iuols

Dlbgogstrdtgno ni igols

Dodkyzgom tfc pcrinrbdohc ni iuols

Dhhnuotgom dol rchnrlgom tfc trdosdhtgnos.

\fc sgx Ds ni Igodohc hdo jc prhgscl go tfc inkknwgom tfrcc

jrndl fcdlgoms5

Dotghgpdtgom dol Dhqugsgtgno ni iuols D Igodohgdk bdodmcr fds tncosurc dlcqudtc qudotub ni iuols irnb rgmft snurhc, rgmft hnst, rgmft

tgbc, dol rgmft inrb dol dt bgogbub hnst. Fc gs rcspnosgjkc inr

dhqugrgom tfc iuols wgtf tfc jcst pnssgjkc dol bgogbub hnst.

Dkknhdtgno dol Dlbgogstrdtgno ni iuolsFnw buhf dbnuot ni iuolsdrc tn jc govcstcl go hurrcot hdpgtdk ds wckk ds go igxcl dsscts (knom tcrbdsscts), tfgs gs tn jc hnosglcrcl jy tfc igodohc bdodmcr wfgkc `ccpgom go

vgcw kgquglgty & prnigtdjgkgty. Fc dksn cosurcs tfc dlbgogstrdtgno ni

igodohc go lgiicrcot lcpdrtbcots.


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Dodkyzgom tfc Qcrinrbdohc ni iuols dol tfcrcditcr bdodmgom tfc

dhhnuots. \fc igodohgdk bdodmcr fds tn cosurc tfc pcrinrbdohc ni tfc

dkknhdtgno dol dlbgogstrdtgno ni iuols, sn ds tn dhfgcvc tfc njechtgvcs ni

tfc igrb. Dol igodkky gotcrprct tfc rcsukts wfgkc bdgotdgo tfc rchnrls dol

dhhnuots tfcrcni.

g. Cvdkudtgno ni igodohgdk pcrinrbdohc & rcpnrtgomD HIN fds tnpcrgnlghdkky rcvgcw igodohgdk pcrinrbdohc dmdgost sct stdoldrls,

td`c hnrrchtgvc bcdsurcs ds wckk ds rcpnrt pcrinrbdohc tn tfc jndrl

& bdodmcbcot inr idhgkgtdtgom tgbcky lchgsgnos pcrtdgogom tn igodohc

dt tnp kcvck.gg. Sp`ccp ni rchnrls dol ntfcr rnutgoc iuohtgnosD HIN fds tn knn`

go tn inkknwgom dspchts5

- supcrvgsgno ni hdsf rchcgpts

- sdic hustnly ni vdkudjkcs & schurgtgcs

- bdgotcodohc ni dhhnuot

- gotcrodk dulgt

- hnbpkgdohc ni mnvt rcmukdtgnos

L) Xujsglgdry iuohtgnos5

Jcsglcs hnrc iuohtgnos ds djnvc, d HIN fds tn pcrinrb inkknwgom cqudkky

gbpnrtdot iuohtgnos suhf ds5

Bdgotdgogom kgquglgtyDlcqudtc kgquglgty occl tn jc bdgotdgocl inrpdygom njkgmdtgnos go tgbc ds wckk ds bcctgom ldy tn ldy cxpcoscs dol

inr tfgs, fc fds tn `ccp hknsc cycs no hdsf go-iknws, hdsf nut iknws.

Fcohc hdsf julmct dol hdsf inr-hdstgom jchnbcs fgs gbpnrtdot

iuohtgno.

Qrnigtdjgkgty Inr cosurgom dlcqudtc prnigt dol bdxgbgzgom sfdrcfnklcrs wcdktf d HIN fds tn knn` go tn5

- Qrnigt pkdoogom

- Qrghc igxdtgno ni mnnls & scrvghcs


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- Hnst ni iuols/hdpgtdk

- Hnst hnotrnk Zgs` bdodmcbcotQrcpdrgom strdtcmgcs inr hnbjdtgom rgs`s drgsgom

nut ni

- Gotcrodk &

- Cxtcrodk idhtnrs

C) Ntfcr Iuohtgnos ni Bnlcro Dmc

n Dhfgcvgom hnrpnrdtc mndksJcsglcs mndks ni nrmdogzdtgno mndks ni

lgiicrcot lcpdrtbcots fdvc tn jc dhfgcvcl tn gohrcdscl bdr`ct

sfdrc ni hnbpdoys prnluhts.

n Igodohgdk prnechtgnos / inrchdstgominr ocxt 3-41 ycdrs hnosgstgomni hnst & rcvcoucs inr hnbgom knom tcrb pcrgnl `ccpgom go vgcw

hnbpdogcs knom tcrb pkdos.

n Hnrpnrdtc Mnvcrodohcinr gbdmc jugklgom go tfc cycs ni dkk std`cfnklcrs ni tfc hnbpdoy, trdospdrcohy go systcbs / prnhclurc dol

dlfcrcohc ni kdws ds wckk ds rukcs & rcmukdtgnos.

n Bcrmcr dol dhqugsgtgnos gogtgdtgvc- Gohkulgom ocw prnluht kgocs

- \chfonknmghdk tgc-up/ hnkkdjnrdtgno wgtf inrcgmo igrbs

- Igodohgdk rcstruhturgom inr gohrcdsgom prnigtdjgkgty

- \gc-up drrdomcbcots inr mrcdtcr pcoctrdtgno go ocw bdr`cts go tfchnuotry & djrndl.


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T.


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Govcstnrs / hrclgtnrs tfcsc std`c fnklcrs drc gotcrcstcl go sdicty ni tfcgriuols, tgbcky rcpdybcot ni tfc prgohgpdk dbnuot ds wckk ds gotcrcst no tfcsdbc. Dkk tfcsc dspcht drc tn jc cosurcl jy tfc pcrsno bdodmgom iuols/igodohc.

Cbpknyccs\fcy drc gotcrcstcl go mcttgom tgbcky pdybcot ni tfcgr sdkdry/wdmcs, jnous, gohcotgvcs dol tfcgr rctgrcbcot jcocigts wfghf drc pnssgjkcnoky gi iuols drc bdodmcl prnpcrky dol nrmdogzdtgno gs wnr`gom go prnigt.

Hustnbcrs \fcy drc gotcrcstcl go qudkgty prnluhts dt rcdsnodjkc rdtcs

wfghf gs pnssgjkc noky tfrnumf ciighgcot bdodmcbcot ni nrmdogzdtgno

gohkulgom bdodmcbcot ni iuols.

Qujkgh Qujkgh dt kdrmc gs gotcrcstcl go mcocrdk pujkgh wckidrc dhtgvgtgcs uolcrhnrpnrdtc snhgdk rcspnosgjgkgty dol tfgs dspcht gs pnssgjkc noky wfco

nrmdogzdtgno cdros dlcqudtc prnigt.

Mnvcrobcot Mnvt gs gotcrcstcl go tgbcky pdybcot ni tdxcs dol ntfcrrcvcoucs irnb jusgocss wnrkl wfcrc dmdgo ciighgcot igodohc bdodmcr fds d

lcigogtc rnkc tn pkdy.

BdodmcbcotBdodmcbcot gs gotcrcstcl go nvcrdkk gbdmc jugklgom, gohrcdscgo tfc bdr`ct sfdrc, nptgbgzgom sfdrc fnklcrs wcdktf dol prnigt dol dkk tfcsc

dspcht mrcdtky lcpcols upno ciighgcot bdodmcbcot ni igodohgdk rcsnurhcs.

GGG Gbpnrtdohc tn ntfcr lcpdrtbcots ni do nrmdogzdtgno.

D kdrmc sgzc hnbpdoy fds bdoy lcpdrtbcots kg`c (jcsglcs igodohc lcpt.)

Qrnluhtgno Lcpt.

Bdr`ctgom Lcpt.

Qcrsnoock Lcpt.

Bdtcrgdk/ Govcotnry Lcpt.


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Dkk tfcsc lcpdrtbcots knn` inr dvdgkdjgkgty ni dlcqudtc iuols sn tfdt tfcy hnukl

bdodmc tfcgr golgvgludk rcspnosgjgkgtgcs go do ciighgcot bdoocr. Knt ni iuols drcrcqugrcl go prnluhtgno/bdouidhturgom lcpt inr nomngom / hnbpkctgom tfc

prnluhtgno prnhcss ds wckk ds bdgotdgogom dlcqudtc stnh` tn bd`c dvdgkdjkc

mnnls inr tfc bdr`ctgom lcpt inr sdkc. Fcohc, igodohc lcpdrtbcot tfrnumf

ciighgcot bdodmcbcot ni iuols fds tn cosurc tfdt dlcqudtc iuols drc bdlc

dvdgkdjkc tn dkk lcpdrtbcot dol tfcsc lcpdrtbcots dt on stdmc stdrvc inr wdot ni

iuols. Fcohc, ciighgcot igodohgdk bdodmcbcot gs ni utbnst gbpnrtdohc tn dkk ntfcr

lcpdrtbcot ni tfc nrmdogzdtgno.


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Hfdptcr :

Igodohgdk Dodkysgs5 Igodohgdk stdtcbcots- Gohnbc stdtcbcot dol kdohc-Xfcct.

\chfogqucs ni igodohgdk dodkysgs. Zdtgn

dodkysgs, Kgquglgty, Dhtgvgty,Qrnigtdjgkgty dol Kcvcrdmc Zdtgns.

T.4 ]fdt gs igodohgdk dodkysgs tchfogquc. Cxpkdgo.

Dos. Lcigogtgno dol Cxpkdodtgno ni Igodohgdk Xtdtcbcot Dodkysgs5

Igodohgdk stdtcbcot dodkysgsgs lcigocl ds tfc prnhcss ni glcotgiygom igodohgdkstrcomtfs dol wcd`ocsscs ni tfc igrb jy prnpcrky cstdjkgsfgom rckdtgnosfgp jctwccotfc gtcbs ni tfc jdkdohc sfcct dol tfc prnigt dol knss dhhnuot.

\fcrc drc vdrgnus bctfnls nr tchfogqucs tfdt drc uscl go dodkyzgom igodohgdkstdtcbcots, suhf ds hnbpdrdtgvc stdtcbcots, shfclukc ni hfdomcs gownr`gom hdpgtdk,hnbbno sgzc pcrhcotdmcs, iuols dodkysgs, trcol dodkysgs, dol rdtgns dodkysgs.

Igodohgdk stdtcbcots drc prcpdrcl tn bcct cxtcrodk rcpnrtgom njkgmdtgnos dol dksn inrlchgsgno bd`gom purpnscs. \fcy pkdy d lnbgodot rnkc go scttgom tfc irdbcwnr` nibdodmcrgdk lchgsgnos. Jut tfc goinrbdtgno prnvglcl go tfc igodohgdk stdtcbcots gs ontdo col go gtscki ds on bcdogomiuk hnohkusgnos hdo jc lrdwo irnb tfcsc stdtcbcotsdknoc. Fnwcvcr, tfc goinrbdtgno prnvglcl go tfc igodohgdk stdtcbcots gs ni gbbcosc
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usc go bd`gom lchgsgnos tfrnumf dodkysgs dol gotcrprctdtgno ni igodohgdk stdtcbcots.

\nnks dol \chfogqucs ni Igodohgdk Xtdtcbcot Dodkysgs5

Inkknwgom drc tfc bnst gbpnrtdot tnnks dol tchfogqucs ni igodohgdk stdtcbcotdodkysgs5

4. Fnrgznotdk dol Ycrtghdk Dodkysgs:. Zdtgns Dodkysgs

4. Fnrgznotdk dol Ycrtghdk Dodkysgs5

Fnrgznotdk Dodkysgs nr \rcol Dodkysgs5

Hnbpdrgsno ni twn nr bnrc ycdr's igodohgdk ldtd gs `onwo ds fnrgznotdk dodkysgs, nrtrcol dodkysgs. Fnrgznotdk dodkysgsgs idhgkgtdtcl jy sfnwgom hfdomcs jctwcco ycdrs go

ntf lnkkdr dol pcrhcotdmc inrb.Hkgh` fcrc tn rcdl iukk drtghkc.

\rcol Qcrhcotdmc5

Fnrgznotdk dodkysgs ni igodohgdk stdtcbcots hdo dksn jc hdrrgcl nut jy hnbputgomtrcol pcrhcotdmcs. \rcol pcrhcotdmc stdtcs scvcrdk ycdrs' igodohgdk ldtd go tcrbs ni d

dsc ycdr. \fc jdsc ycdr cqudks 411%, wgtf dkk ntfcr ycdrs stdtcl go snbc pcrhcotdmcni tfgs jdsc.Hkgh` fcrc tn rcdl iukk drtghkc.

Ycrtghdk Dodkysgs5

Ycrtghdk dodkysgsgs tfc prnhclurc ni prcpdrgom dol prcscotgom hnbbno sgzcstdtcbcots. Hnbbno sgzc stdtcbcotgs noc tfdt sfnws tfc gtcbs dppcdrgom no gt gopcrhcotdmc inrb ds wckk ds go lnkkdr inrb. Cdhf gtcb gs stdtcl ds d pcrhcotdmc nisnbc tntdk ni wfghf tfdt gtcb gs d pdrt. @cy igodohgdk hfdomcs dol trcols hdo jcfgmfkgmftcl jy tfc usc ni hnbbno sgzc stdtcbcots.Hkgh` fcrc tn rcdl iukk drtghkc.

:. Zdtgns Dodkysgs5

Dhhnuotgom Zdtgns Lcigogtgno, Dlvdotdmcs, Hkdssgighdtgno dol Kgbgtdtgnos5

\fc rdtgns dodkysgs gs tfc bnst pnwcriuk tnnk ni igodohgdk stdtcbcot dodkysgs.Zdtgns
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sgbpky bcdo noc oubjcr cxprcsscl go tcrbs ni dontfcr. D rdtgn gs d stdtgstghdk

ydrlstgh` jy bcdos ni wfghf rckdtgnosfgp jctwcco twn nr vdrgnus igmurcs hdo jchnbpdrcl nr bcdsurcl. Zdtgns hdo jc inuol nut jy lgvglgom noc oubjcr jy dontfcroubjcr. Zdtgns sfnw fnw noc oubjcr gs rckdtcl tn dontfcr.Hkgh` fcrc tn rcdl iukkdrtghkc.

Qrnigtdjgkgty Zdtgns5

Qrnigtdjgkgty rdtgns bcdsurc tfc rcsukts ni jusgocss npcrdtgnos nr nvcrdkkpcrinrbdohc dol ciichtgvcocss ni tfc igrb. Xnbc ni tfc bnst pnpukdr prnigtdjgkgtyrdtgns drc ds uolcr5

Mrnss prnigt rdtgnOct prnigt rdtgnNpcrdtgom rdtgnCxpcosc rdtgnZcturo no sfdrcfnklcrsgovcstbcot nr oct wnrtfZcturo no cqugty hdpgtdkZcturo no hdpgtdk cbpknycl (ZNHC) ZdtgnLgvglcol ygckl rdtgnLgvglcol pdynut rdtgnCdrogoms Qcr Xfdrc (CQX) Zdtgn

Qrghc cdrogoms rdtgn

Kgquglgty Zdtgns5

Kgquglgty rdtgns bcdsurc tfc sfnrt tcrb snkvcohy ni igodohgdk pnsgtgno ni d igrb. \fcssfnrt tcrb pdygom hdpdhgty ni d hnohcro nr tfc igrb's djgkgty tn bcct gts hurrcot njkgmdkgquglgty rdtgns.

Hurrcot rdtgnKgqugl / Dhgl tcst / Tugh` rdtgn

htgvgty Zdtgns5

Dhtgvgty rdtgns drc hdkhukdtcl tn bcdsurc tfc ciighgcohy wgtf wfghf tfc rcsnurhcsni d igrb fdvc jcco cbpknycl. \fcsc rdtgns drc dksn hdkkcl turonvcr rdtgns
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chdusc tfcy golghdtc tfc spccl wgtf wfghf dsscts drc jcgom turocl nvcr gotn

sdkcs. Inkknwgom drc tfc bnst gbpnrtdot dhtgvgty rdtgns5

Govcotnry / Xtnh` turonvcr rdtgnLcjtnrs / Zchcgvdjkcs turonvcr rdtgnDvcrdmc hnkkchtgno pcrgnlHrclgtnrs / Qdydjkc turonvcr rdtgn]nr`gom hdpgtdk turonvcr rdtgnIgxcl dsscts turonvcr rdtgnNvcr dol uolcr trdlgom

Knom \crb Xnkvcohy nr Kcvcrdmc Zdtgns5

Knom tcrb snkvcohy nr kcvcrdmc rdtgns hnovcy d igrb's djgkgty tn bcct tfc gotcrcsthnsts dol pdybcot shfclukcs ni gts knom tcrb njkgmdtgnos. Inkknwgom drc snbc nitfc bnst gbpnrtdot knom tcrb snkvcohy nr kcvcrdmc rdtgns.

Lcjt-tn-cqugty rdtgnQrnprgctdry nr Cqugty rdtgnZdtgn ni igxcl dsscts tn sfdrcfnklcrs iuolsZdtgn ni hurrcot dsscts tn sfdrcfnklcrs iuolsGotcrcst hnvcrdmc rdtgn

Hdpgtdk mcdrgom rdtgnNvcr dol uolcr hdpgtdkgzdtgno

Kgbgtdtgnos ni Igodohgdk Xtdtcbcot Dodkysgs5

Dktfnumf igodohgdk stdtcbcot dodkysgs gs fgmfky usciuk tnnk, gt fds twn kgbgtdtgnos.\fcsc twn kgbgtdtgnos govnkvc tfc hnbpdrdjgkgty ni igodohgdk ldtd jctwccohnbpdogcs dol tfc occl tn knn` jcynol rdtgns..

Dlvdotdmcs ni Igodohgdk Xtdtcbcot Dodkysgs5

\fcrc drc vdrgnus dlvdotdmcsni igodohgdk stdtcbcots dodkysgs. \fc bdenr jcocigtgs tfdt tfc govcstnrs mct conumf glcd tn lchglc djnut tfc govcstbcots ni tfcgriuols go tfc spchgigh hnbpdoy. Xchnolky, rcmukdtnry dutfnrgtgcs kg`c GotcrodtgnodkDhhnuotgom Xtdoldrls Jndrl hdo cosurc wfctfcr tfc hnbpdoy gs inkknwgom
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dhhnuotgom stdoldrls nr ont. \fgrlky, igodohgdk stdtcbcots dodkysgs hdo fckp tfc

mnvcrobcot dmcohgcs tn dodkyzc tfc tdxdtgno luc tn tfc hnbpdoy. Bnrcnvcr,hnbpdoy hdo dodkyzc gts nwo pcrinrbdohc nvcr tfc pcrgnl ni tgbc tfrnumfigodohgdk stdtcbcots dodkysgs.

T.: ]fdt ln ynu bcdo jy kcvcrdmc>Dos. Kcvcrdmc bcdos tfc cbpknybcot ni dsscts nr iuols inr wfghf tfc igrb pdys d

igxcl hnst nr igxcl rcturo. \fc igxcl hnst nr igxcl rcturo. \fc igxcl hnst nrrcturo bdy jc tfnumft ni ds tfc iukhrub ni d kcvcr. Go bchfdoghs tfc kcvcrdmc

hnohcpt gs uscl inr d tchfogquc jy wfghf bnrc wcgmft gs rdgscl wgtf kcss pnwcr.

Go igodohgdk bdodmcbcot tfc kcvcrdmc gs tfcrc do dhhnuot ni igxcl hnst. Gi doy

igrb gs usgom snbc pdrt ni igxcl hnst hdpgtdk tfdo tfc igrb fds kcvcrdmc wfghfhdo jc uscl inr rdgsgom prnigtdjgkgty dol igodohgdk strcomtf ni igrb.

T.8 ]fdt gs npcrdtgom kcvcrdmc> Mgvc tfc inrbukd ni hdkhukdtgom npcrdtgomkcvcrdmc dol lcmrcc ni npcrdtgom kcvcrdmc>

Dos. Npcrdtgom kcvcrdmc gs lcigocl ds tfc djgkgty tn usc igxcl npcrdtgom hnststn bdmogiy tfc ciicht ni hfdomcs go sdkcs no gts npcrdtgom prnigts. Gi tfcigxcl npcrdtgom hnsts drc bnrc ds hnbpdrcl tn vdrgdjkc npcrdtgom hnsts,tfc npcrdtgom kcvcrdmc wgkk jc fgmf dol vghc- vcrsd. \fus, tfc tcrbNpcrdtgomkcvcrdmcrcicrs tn tfc scosgvgty ni npcrdtgom prnigt tn hfdomcsgo sdkcs.Inr cxdbpkc, gi tfc sdkcs gohrcdsc jy sdy :1% dol tfc npcrdtgom prnigtgohrcdscs jy 411% gt gs d hdsc ni fgmf npcrdtgom kcvcrdmc.

T.< ]fdt gs hnbjgocl kcvcrdmc, mgvc gts inrbukd>Dos. \fc hnbjgocl kcvcrdmc bdy jc lcigocl ds tfc rckdtgnosfgp jctwcco

hnotrgjutgno dol tfc tdxdjkc gohnbc0 gt gs tfc hnbjgocl ciicht ni jntf tfckcvcrdmc.


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Hfdptcr 8

Iuols iknw dodkysgs-Xnurhcs dol uscs ni

iuols. Qrcpdrdtgno ni stdtcbcot ni

hfdomcs go wnr`gom hdpgtdk dol stdtcbcot

ni snurhc dol uscs ni iuols.

T4. ]fdt ln ynu uolcrstdol jy iuol iknw stdtcbcot .Cxpkdgo>

Dos. Gotrnluhtgno5

Jdkdohc sfcct dol prnigt dol knss dhhnuot drc tfc twn prgohgpdk igodohgdkstdtcbcots ni d igrb. Jut tfcsc twn stdtcbcots drc lcighgcot go prnvglgom

hcrtdgo usciuk goinrbdtgno rcqugrcl inr lchgsgno bd`gom. Fcohc tfcrc gs doccl ni prcpdrgom d scpdrdtc stdtcbcot go dllgtgno tn jdkdohc sfcct dol Q& K dhhnuot. \fus d stdtcbcot gs govcotcl wfghf hdo prnvglc goinrbdtgnodjnut lgiicrcot snurhcs ni iuols dol tfcgr vdrgnus uscs nr snurhcs nigoiknws dol nutiknws ni iuols. Xuhf d stdtcbcot gs hdkkcl Iuols iknwstdtcbcot.

Lcigogtgno5

D stdtcbcot ni snurhc dol dppkghdtgno ni iuols gs d tchfoghdk lcvghc lcsgmocl tndodkyzc tfc hfdomcs go tfc igodohgdk pnsgtgno ni jusgocss igrb jctwcco twn ldtcs.

\chfogqucs ni prcpdrdtgno ni iuol iknw Xtdtcbcot

Xhfclukc ni stdtcbcot ni hfdomcs go wnr`gom hdpgtdk


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Xtdtcbcot ni snurhc dol uscs ni iuol nr iuols iknw irnb npcrdtgno

T.: Fnw iuol iknw stdtcbcot lgiicrs irnb Jdkdohc sfcct dol Gohnbc

stdtcbcot. Cxpkdgo.

Dos. \fc Iuol iknw stdtcbcot lgiicrs irnb jdkdohc sfcct dol gohnbc

stdtcbcot go tfc inkknwgom wdy5

Lgiicrcohc jctwcco tfc iuol iknw stdtcbcot & jdkdohc Xfcct

Iuol iknw Xtdtcbcot Jdkdohc sfcct

Odturc Lyodbgh go odturc Xtdtgh go odturc

Xujechtbdttcr

Gt gohkulcl tfc gtcbs hdusgomhfdomcs go tfc wnr`gom hdpgtdk

Gt gohkulcs tfc jdkdohcs nircdk pcrsnodk dhhnuots ni

kclmcr dsscts dolkgdjgkgtgcs dol sfnws tfctntdk rcsnurhcs ni tfc igrbiukk kgic pcrgnl


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Stgkgty Ssciuk go lchgsgno bd`gom Cxdbgoc tfc snuolocss nitfc igrb

Sscrs Gotcrodk bdodmcbcot Cxtcrodk pdrtgcs

prcpdrdtgno Gt gs tfc cxcrhgsc ni pnst jdkdohcsfcct

Col prnluht ni dkkdhhnuotgom pcrgnl

Lgiicrcohc jctwcco iuol iknw stdtcbcot dol tfc gohnbc stdtcbcot

Njechtgvc Iuols rdgscl drc bdthfcl wgtf tfcuscs

Cxpcoscs drc bdthfclwgtf tfc gohnbc

Lcpcolcohy Ont fckpiuk go prcpdrgom gohnbc

stdtcbcot

Fckpiuk go prcpdrgom tfc

iuol iknw stdtcbcot

utgkgty Gt gs rckdtcl tn tfc bnvcbcot ni hdsfdol dkk ntfcr gtcbs diichtgom tfcwnr`gom hdpgtdk

Fgmfkgmfts tfcnpcrdtgom rcsukt ni dodhhnuotgom pcrgnl dolhfdomcs go tfc igodohgdkpnsgtgno


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Xchtgno-J

Jrcd` Cvco dodkysgs

T.4 ]rgtc d jrgci ontc no Jrcd` cvco dodkysgs. Dksn cxpkdgo fnw Jrcd`-cvco

pngot gs fckpiuk go dsscssbcot ni prnigt ni tfc nrmdogzdtgno.

Dos5 Gotrnluhtgno5

Jrcd` Cvco Dodkysgs gs d bctfnl ni stulygom tfc rckdtgnosfgp jctwccosdkcs rcvcouc, igxcl hnsts dol vdrgdjkc cxpcoscs sn ds tn lctcrbgoc tfc

bgogbub vnkubc dt wfghf prnluhtgno hdo jc prnigtdjkc.

Lcigogtgno5Jrcd` cvco pngot hdo jc lcigocl ds tfdt vnkubc ni dhtgvgty dt

wfghf tntdk sdkcs rcvcouc cxdhtky cqudks tntdk hnsts ni tfc nutput prnluhcl

nr snkl.

Bctfnls ni hnbputgom JCQ

\fcrc drc twn bctfnls ni hnbputgom JCQ5

4. Dkmcjrdgh bctfnls 5 Hnotrgjutgno bdrmgo tchfogquc.

Cqudtgno tchfogquc

:. Mrdpfgh Qrcscotdtgno 5 Jrcd` cvco Hfdrts

Q/Y Mrdpf

Inrbukdc

\fc Inrbukds inr hnbputgom JCQ drc ds inkknw5


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JCQ 2 IGVCL HNX\X

X.Q-YDZGDJKC HNX\

JCQ 2 IGVCL HNX\X * X.Q.

HNO\ZGJS\GNO QCZ SOG\

JCQ 2 IGVCL HNX\

Q/Y ZD\GN


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Do Gotrnluhtgno Xtuly ni IgodohgdkQkdoogom dol Inrchdstgom.

T.4 ]fdt lncs igodohgdk pkdoogom sgmogigcs> Cxpkdgo tfc bcdogom dol

hnohcpt ni igodohgdk pkdoogom inr d jusgocss. Cxpkdgo.

Dos5 Gotrnluhtgno 5 Igodohgdk pkdoogom gs d mrnwgom golustry wgtf prnechtclidstcr tfdo dvcrdmc enj mrnwtf. Igodohgdk bdodmcrs bust jc djkc tn

dodkyzc tfc hurrcot pnsgtgno ni tfcgr nwo igrbs ds wckk ds tfdt ni tfcgr

hnbpctgtgno .\fcy bust dksn pkdo inr tfc hnbpdoys igodohgdk iuturc. \fcigodohgdk bdodmcr gs rcspnosgjkc inr pkdoogom tn cosurc tfdt tfc igrb fds

conumf iuols inr tfc occls. D usciuk tnnk inr pkdoogom iuturc hdsf occls

tn pkdo inr tfc hnotgougom prnigtdjgkgty. Qkdoogom gs do gocvgtdjkc prnhcss go

doy jusgocss igrb grrcspchtgvc ni gts sgzc dol odturc. Xn tfc igodohgdk

pkdoogom cohnbpdsscs jntf tfc jusgocss pkdo ds wckk ds dodkyzcs tfc

hurrcot ds wckk ds iuturc igodohgdk pnsgtgno ni tfc igrb.

Bcdogom ni igodohgdk pkdoogom

]fco ynu wdot tn bdxgbgzc ynur cxgstgom igodohgdk rcsnurhcs jy usgomvdrgnus igodohgdk tnnks tn dhfgcvc ynur igodohgdk mndks tfdt gs igodohgdkpkdoogom.Igodohgdk Qkdoogom gs tfc prnhcss ni cstgbdtgom tfc hdpgtdk rcqugrcl dollctcrbgogom gts hnbpctgtgno. Gt gs tfc prnhcss ni irdbgom igodohgdk pnkghgcsgo rckdtgno tn prnhurcbcot, govcstbcot dol dlbgogstrdtgno ni iuols ni do

cotcrprgsc.

\fc Lcigogtgno ni Igodohgdk Qkdoogom


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Igodohgdk pkdoogom gs d systcbdtgh dpprndhf wfcrcjy tfc igodohgdk pkdoocrfckps tfc nrmdogzdtgno tn bdxgbgzc fgs cxgstgom igodohgdk rcsnurhcs jyutgkgzgom igodohgdk tnnks tn dhfgcvc fgs igodohgdk mndks.

Igodohgdk pkdoogom go bdtfcbdtghdk inrb5

\fcrc drc 8 bdenr hnbpnocots5

Igodohgdk Zcsnurhcs (IZ)Igodohgdk \nnks (I\)Igodohgdk Mndks (IM)

Igodohgdk Qkdoogom5 IZ + I\ 2 IM

Go ntfcr wnrls, igodohgdk pkdoogom gs tfc prnhcss ni bcctgom ynur kgic mndkstfrnumf prnpcr bdodmcbcot ni ynur igodohcs. Kgic mndks hdo gohkulcjuygom d fnbc, sdvgom inr ynur hfgklrco's cluhdtgno nr pkdoogom inrrctgrcbcot. Gt gs d prnhcss tfdt hnosgsts ni spchgigh stcps tfdt fckp ynu tntd`c d jgm-pghturc knn` dt wfcrc ynu drc igodohgdkky. Ssgom tfcsc stcps ynuhdo wnr` nut wfcrc ynu drc onw, wfdt ynu bdy occl go tfc iuturc dolwfdt ynu bust ln tn rcdhf ynur mndks.

]fn gs d Igodohgdk Qkdoocr>

D igodohgdk pkdoocr gs snbcnoc wfn uscs tfc igodohgdk pkdoogom prnhcss tn

fckp ynu igmurc nut fnw tn bcct ynur kgic mndks. \fc pkdoocr hdo td`c d

ajgm pghturca vgcw ni ynur igodohgdk sgtudtgno dol bd`c igodohgdk pkdoogom

rchnbbcoldtgnos tfdt drc rgmft inr ynu. \fc pkdoocr hdo knn` dt dkk ni

ynur occls gohkulgom julmctgom dol sdvgom, tdxcs, govcstbcots, gosurdohc

dol rctgrcbcot pkdoogom.

D igodohgdk pkdoocr nr pcrsnodk igodohgdk pkdoocr gs d prdhtghgomprnicssgnodk wfn prcpdrcs igodohgdk pkdoogom inr pcnpkc hnvcrgom vdrgnus

dspchts ni pcrsnodk igodohc wfghf gohkulcs5 hdsf iknw bdodmcbcot,

cluhdtgno pkdoogom, rctgrcbcot pkdoogom, govcstbcot pkdoogom, rgs`
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cash_flowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement_planninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investment_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_risk_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_risk_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_risk_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investment_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement_planninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cash_flow


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bdodmcbcot dol gosurdohc pkdoogom, tdx pkdoogom, cstdtc pkdoogom dol

jusgocss suhhcssgno pkdoogom (inr jusgocss nwocrs). Noc ni tfc `cynjechtgvcs wgtf wfghf d igodohgdk pkdoocr wnr`s gs tn prnvglc goikdtgno dol

rgs` dleustcl rcturos inr gts hkgcots

Igodohgdk pkdoocrs drc dksn `onwo jy tfc tgtkc igodohgdk dlvgscr go snbchnuotrgcs, dktfnumf tfcsc twn tcrbs drc tchfoghdkky ont syonoybnus, doltfcgr rnkcs fdvc snbc iuohtgnodk lgiicrcohcs.

]fco ynu fdvc d prnicssgnodk rckdtgnosfgp wgtf d pkdoocr tfdt lncs ontbcdo tfdt fc rcpkdhcs ntfcr prnicssgnodks suhf ds kdwycrs nr dhhnuotdots.

D pkdoocr gs d hnnrlgodtnr wfn wnr`s wgtf ntfcrs go bd`gom tfc pkdoogomprnhcss wnr`.

Igodohgdk pkdoocr's enj iuohtgno

D igodohgdk pkdoocr spchgdkgzcs go tfc pkdoogom dspchts ni igodohc, gopdrtghukdr pcrsnodk igodohc, ds hnotrdstcl wgtf d stnh` jrn`cr wfn gsmcocrdkky hnohcrocl wgtf tfc govcstbcots, nr wgtf d kgic gosurdohcgotcrbclgdry wfn dlvgscs no rgs` prnluhts.

T.:. ]fdt drc tfc stcps dol tfc jdsgh hnosglcrdtgno inkknwcl go igodohgdk

pkdoogom prnhcss. Cxpkdgo.Dos. Igodohgdk pkdoogom gs usudkky d buktg-stcp prnhcss, dol govnkvcs

hnosglcrgom tfc hkgcot's sgtudtgno irnb dkk rckcvdot domkcs tn prnluhcgotcmrdtcl snkutgnos. \fc sgx-stcp igodohgdk pkdoogom prnhcss fds jccodlnptcl.

Lctcrbgoc Hurrcot Igodohgdk Xgtudtgno Lcvcknp ynur igodohgdk mndks Glcotgiy dktcrodtgvc hnurscs ni dhtgno Cvdkudtc dktcrodtgvcs no vdrgnus hnosglcrdtgnos

Glcotgiy dktcrodtgvc hnurscs ni dhtgno Hrcdtc dol gbpkcbcot ynur igodohgdk dhtgno pkdo Zcvgcw dol Zcvgsc tfc igodohgdk pkdo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estate_planninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estate_planning


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Igodohgdk pkdoogom inr tfc hkgcots pcrspchtgvc5

Xtcp 45 Xcttgom mndks wgtf tfc hkgcot \fgs stcp (tfdt gs usudkky pcrinrbcl gohnoeuohtgno wgtf Xtcp :) gs bcdot tn glcotgiy wfcrc tfc hkgcot wdots tn mn gotcrbs ni fgs igodohcs dol kgic.

Xtcp :5 Mdtfcrgom rckcvdot goinrbdtgno no tfc hkgcot \fgs wnukl gohkulc tfcqudkgtdtgvc dol qudotgtdtgvc dspchts ni tfc hkgcot's igodohgdk dol rckcvdot ono-igodohgdk sgtudtgno.

Xtcp 85 Dodkyzgom tfc goinrbdtgno\fc goinrbdtgno mdtfcrcl gs dodkyscl sn tfdttfc hkgcot's sgtudtgno gs prnpcrky uolcrstnnl. \fgs gohkulcs lctcrbgogom wfctfcrtfcrc drc suiighgcot rcsnurhcs tn rcdhf tfc hkgcot's mndks dol wfdt tfnsc rcsnurhcsdrc.

Xtcp


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Zctgrcbcot Qkdoogomn Qkdoogom tn cosurcigodohgdk golcpcolcohc dt rctgrcbcot gohkulgom

Dos. Njechtgvcs5

Qcnpkc cokgst tfc fckp ni d igodohgdk pkdoocr jchdusc ni tfc hnbpkcxgty nipcrinrbgom tfc inkknwgom5

Qrnvglgom igodohgdk schurgty dol cosurgom tfdt dkk mndks ni pcrsnodk igodohcdrc bctIgolgom lgrchtgno dol bcdogom go noc's igodohgdk lchgsgnos0Solcrstdolgom fnw cdhf igodohgdk lchgsgno diichts ntfcr drcds ni igodohc0dolDldptgom tn kgic hfdomcs tn icck bnrc igodohgdkky schurc.

\fc jcst rcsukts ni wnr`gom wgtf d hnbprcfcosgvc igodohgdk pkdoocr, irnb dogolgvgludk hkgcot nr idbgky's pcrspchtgvc drc5

\n hrcdtc tfc mrcdtcst prnjdjgkgty tfdt dkk igodohgdk mndks (doytfgomrcqugrgom jntf bnocy dol pkdoogom tn dhfgcvc) drc dhhnbpkgsfcl jy tfctdrmct ldtc, dol\n fdvc d ircqucotky-upldtcl scosgjkc pkdo tfdt gs prndhtgvc conumf tndhhnbbnldtc doy bdenr uocxpchtcl igodohgdk cvcot tfdt hnukl ocmdtgvckydiicht tfc pkdo, dol
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_independencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cash_Flowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cash_Flowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_independence


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\n bd`c gotckkgmcot igodohgdk hfnghcs dknom tfc wdy (wfctfcr tn "juy nrkcdsc" wfctfcr tn "rcigodohc nr pdy-nii" cth.).

Jcinrc wnr`gom wgtf d hnbprcfcosgvc igodohgdk pkdoocr, d hkgcot sfnuklcstdjkgsf tfdt tfc pkdoocr gs hnbpctcot dol wnrtfy ni trust, dol wgkk dht go tfchkgcot's gotcrcsts rdtfcr tfdo jcgom prgbdrgky gotcrcstcl go sckkgom tfc hkgcotigodohgdk prnluhts inr fgs nwo jcocigt. Ds tfc rckdtgnosfgp uoinkls, dogolgvgludk igodohgdk pkdoogom hkgcot's njechtgvc go wnr`gom wgtf dhnbprcfcosgvc igodohgdk pkdoocr gs tn hkcdrky uolcrstdol wfdt occls tn jclnoc tn gbpkcbcot tfc igodohgdk pkdo hrcdtcl inr tfcb. Xn, go bdoy wdys, digodohgdk pkdoocr's stcp-jy-stcp wrgttco gbpkcbcotdtgno pkdo ni dhtgno gtcbs,hrcdtcl ditcr tfc pkdo gs hnbpkctcl, fds bnrc vdkuc tn bdoy hkgcots tfdo tfc

pkdo gtscki. \fc hnbprcfcosgvc wrgttco kgictgbc igodohgdk pkdo gs d tchfoghdklnhubcot utgkgzcl jy tfc igodohgdk pkdoocr, tfc wrgttco gbpkcbcotdtgno pkdoni dhtgno gs eust d icw pdmcs ni dhtgno gtcbs rcqugrcl tn gbpkcbcot tfc pkdo0 dbuhf bnrc "usdjkc" lnhubcot tn tfc hkgcot.

Igodohgdk Qkdoogom fds mnt bdoy njechtgvcs go rcicrcohc wgtf tfc prnhclurdkstcps tn tn knn` inrwdrl tn. \fcsc drc kgstcl ds inkknwgom5

d. Lctcrbgogom hdpgtdk rcqugrcbcots- \fgs wgkk lcpcol upno idhtnrs kg`c hnstni hurrcot dol igxcl dsscts, prnbntgnodk cxpcoscs dol knom- rdomc

pkdoogom. Hdpgtdk rcqugrcbcots fdvc tn jc knn`cl wgtf jntf dspchts5sfnrt- tcrb dol knomtcrb rcqugrcbcots.j. Lctcrbgogom hdpgtdk struhturc- \fc hdpgtdk struhturc gs tfc hnbpnsgtgno ni

hdpgtdk, g.c., tfc rckdtgvc `gol dol prnpnrtgno ni hdpgtdk rcqugrcl go tfcjusgocss. \fgs gohkulcs lchgsgnos ni lcjt- cqugty rdtgn- jntf sfnrt-tcrbdol knomtcrb.

h. Irdbgom igodohgdk pnkghgcs wgtf rcmdrls tn hdsf hnotrnk, kcolgom,jnrrnwgoms, cth.

l. D igodohc bdodmcr cosurcs tfdt tfc shdrhc igodohgdk rcsnurhcs drcbdxgbdkky utgkgzcl go tfc jcst pnssgjkc bdoocr dt kcdst hnst go nrlcr tn mctbdxgbub rcturos no govcstbcot.


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Gbpnrtdohc ni Igodohgdk Qkdoogom

Igodohgdk Qkdoogom gs prnhcss ni irdbgom njechtgvcs, pnkghgcs, prnhclurcs,prnmrdbs dol julmcts rcmdrlgom tfc igodohgdk dhtgvgtgcs ni d hnohcro. \fgscosurcs ciichtgvc dol dlcqudtc igodohgdk dol govcstbcot pnkghgcs. \fcgbpnrtdohc hdo jc nutkgocl ds-

4. Dlcqudtc iuols fdvc tn jc cosurcl.:. Igodohgdk Qkdoogom fckps go cosurgom d rcdsnodjkc jdkdohc jctwcco

nutiknw dol goiknw ni iuols sn tfdt stdjgkgty gs bdgotdgocl.8. Igodohgdk Qkdoogom cosurcs tfdt tfc suppkgcrs ni iuols drc cdsgky govcstgom

go hnbpdogcs wfghf cxcrhgsc igodohgdk pkdoogom.


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Xfnrt tcrb dol Knom tcrb snurhcs ni

Igodohc5 Cqugty vs. Lcjt.

T.4 ]fdt drc tfc sfnrt tcrb dol knom tcrb snurhcs ni igodohc> \frnw kgmftno tfcgr uscs dol spchgighdtgnos.

Dos. \fcrc drc twn bdgo snurhcs ni igodohgom d prnecht g.c.

Nwo iuols dol

Kndo iuols.

\fc hnst ni d prnecht lcpcols no tfc odturc ni prnecht g.c. d prnecht

sct up inr tfc igrst tgbc, cxpdosgno prnecht, bnlcrogzdtgno prnecht,

lgvcrsgighdtgno prnecht, td`c nvcr prnecht engot vcoturc prnecht, bcrmcr

prnecht cth.

\fc hnrrcht cstgbdtgno ni hdpgtdk hnsts dol wnr`gom hdpgtdk

rcqugrcbcots gs vcry ochcssdry ntfcrwgsc tfc prnecht idhc scrgnus prnjkcbs

dol uktgbdtcky tfc prnecht bdy rcbdgo gohnbpkctc nr tfc prnecht bdy td`c

bnrc tgbc inr wdot ni iuols. \fc hdpgtdk hnst bdy hnosgsts ni gtcbs kg`c

kdol dol sgtc lcvcknpbcot, jugklgom dol hgvgk wnr`s, pkdot dol

bdhfgocry, tchfoghdk `onwfnw iccs, bgshckkdocnus igxcl dsscts, gotcrcst,

prnvgsgnos inr hnotgomcohgcs cth. Xgbgkdrky, wnr`gom hdpgtdk bdy hnosgsts ni

gtcbs kg`c rdw bdtcrgdk, wnr` go prnmrcss, igogsfcl prnluhts,

lcjtnrs/rchcgvdjkcs, pnwcr, iuck, sdkdry & wdmcs ,tdxcs, lutgcs, nvcrfcdl

cxpdoscs dol hnotgomcohgcs.

Bdgo snurhcs ni igodohc-

G - Nwo iuols

(g) Xfdrc hdpgtdk

- Cqugty dol


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- Qrcicrcohc sfdrc hdpgtdk

(gg) Qrcbgub no gssuc ni sfdrc hdpgtdk

(ggg) Zcscrvcs dol surpkus gohkulgom rctdgocl cdrogoms

(gv) Xujsgly rchcgvcl irnb hcotrdk/stdtc mnvcrobcots

GG - Kndo iuols nr lcjt

(g) Lcjcoturcs hnovcrtgjkc, ono hnovcrtgjkc do pdrtkyhnovcrtgjkc lcjcoturcs

(gg) \crb kndos nr knom tcrb kndos irnb dkk Golgd kcvck

lcvcknpbcot igodohgom gostgtutgnos DGLIGs dol stdtckcvck lcvcknpbcot igodohgom gostgtutgnos.

(ggg) Soschurcl kndos Kg`c hnbbcrhgdk pdpcr rcicrrclhrclgt- rchcgvgom mnnls, pkdo & bdhfgocry irnb

suppkgcrs no hrclgt dol pdybcot go gostdkkbcots.

Xnurhcs dol tfc uscs ni tfc iuols

Xnurhcs Sscs

Qrnigt irnb npcrdtgnoGohrcdsc go tfc knom tcrb kgdjgkgtyGohrcdsc go tfc sfdrc hdpgtdkXdkc ni igxcl dssctsOno trdlgom rchcgpts

Knss irnb npcrdtgnoLchrcdsc go knom tcrbkgdjgkgtyLchrcdsc go hdpgtdkiuolQurhfdsc ni igxcldssctsOno trdlgompdybcots


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]nr`gom hdpgtdk bdodmcbcot

T.4. Cxpkdgo tfc bcdogom dol hnohcpt ni wnr`gom hdpgtdk dol gts bdodmcbcot.

Nr

Fnw wnr`gom hdpgtdk bdodmcbcot bcdot d knt go dhfgcvgom tfc mndks ni d

igrb.

Dos. Gotrnluhtgno5

]nr`gom hdpgtdk go tfdt pdrt ni igrbs hdpgtdk wfghf gs rcqugrcl inrigodohgom hurrcot dsscts suhf ds hdsf, lcjtnrs, rchcgvdjkcs govcotnrgcs,

bdr`ctdjkc schurgtgcs cth. Iuols govcstcl go suhf dsscts `ccp rcvnkvgom

wgtf rckdtgvc rdpglgty dol drc hnostdotky hnovcrtcl go tn hdsf.

Ntfcr odbcs5 ]nr`gom hdpgtdk gs dksn `onwo ds hgrhukdtgom hdpgtdk,

rcvnkvgom hdpgtdk, sfnrt tcrb hdpgtdk nr kgqugl hdpgtdk.

Bcdogom dol Lcigogtgno5

]nr`gom hdpgtdkgs d igodohgdk bctrgh wfghf rcprcscots tfc dbnuot ni ldy-

jy-ldy npcrdtgom kgquglgty dvdgkdjkc tn d jusgocss. Dknom wgtf igxcl dsscts

suhf ds pkdot dol cqugpbcot, wnr`gom hdpgtdk gs hnosglcrcl d pdrt ni

npcrdtgom hdpgtdk. Gt gs hdkhukdtcl ds hurrcot dsscts bgous hurrcot kgdjgkgtgcs.

D hnbpdoy hdo jc colnwcl wgtf dsscts dol prnigtdjgkgty, jut sfnrt ni

kgquglgty, gi tfcsc dsscts hdoont rcdlgky jc hnovcrtcl gotn hdsf


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Cxpkdodtgno 5

Mrnss wnr`gom hdpgtdk Zcicrs tn igrbs govcstbcots go hurrcot dssctswfghf drc hnovcrtcl go tn hdsf lurgom do dhhnuotgom ycdr suhf ds hdsf,

jdo` jdkdohc, sfnrt tcrb govcstbcots, lcjtnrs, jgkks rchcgvdjkc, govcotnry,sfnrt tcrb kndos dol dlvdohcs cth.

Oct wnr`gom hdpgtdk Zcicrs tn lgiicrcohc jctwcco hurrcot dsscts dolhurrcot kgdjgkgtgcs nr cxhcss ni tntdk hurrcot dsscts nvcr tntdk hurrcot

kgdjgkgtgcs.

Zcmukdr nr pcrbdocot wnr`gom hdpgtdk Zcicrs tn bgogbub dbnuotwfghf pcrbdocotky rcbdgo jknh`cl dol hdo ont jc hnovcrtcl go tn hdsf

suhf ds bgogbub dbnuot jknh`cl go rdw bdtcrgdk, igogsfcl prnluht

lcjtnrs cth.

Ydrgdjkc nr tcbpnrdry wnr`gom hdpgtdk Zcicrs tn dbnuot nvcr doldjnvc pcrbdocot wnr`gom hdpgtdk g c lgiicrcohc jctwcco tntdk wnr`gom

hdpgtdk kcss pcrbdocot wnr`gom hdpgtdk.

No tfc jdsgs ni jdkdohc Xfcct No tfc jdsgs ni odturc

Mrnss wnr`gom hdpgtdk Octwnr`gom hdpgtdk Qcrbdocot wnr`gom hdpgtdk Ydrgdjkc nr tcbpnrdry

wnr`gom hdpgtdk

Xcdsnodk wnr`gom

hdpgtdk

Xpchgigh wnr`g

hdpgtdk

\ypcs ni wnr`gom hdpgtdk


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Xcdsnodk wnr`gom hdpgtdk - Zcicrs tn hdpgtdk rcqugrcl tn bcct scdsnodk

lcbdol c.m. cxtrd hdpgtdk rcqugrcl inr bdouidhturgom hnnkcrs go subbcr,wnnkco mdrbcots go wgotcr. Gt hdo jc drrdomcl tfrnumf sfnrt tcrb kndos.

Xpchgigh wnr`gom hdpgtdkZcicrs tn pdrt ni hdpgtdk rcqugrcl inr bcctgomuoinrcscco hnotgomcohgcs suhf ds strg`c, iknnl, wdr, skubp cth.

T.: Kgst nut tfc vdrgnus lctcrbgodots ni wnr`gom hdpgtdk>

Nr

Cxpkdgo go jrgci gbpnrtdot idhtnrs wfghf fckp go cstgbdtgom

rcqugrcbcots ni wnr`gom hdpgtdk go do nrmdogzdtgno.Dos. Gbpnrtdot idhtnrs nr lctcrbgodots ni wnr`gom hdpgtdk drc5

g. Odturc ni jusgocss5 igrbs lcdkgom go kuxury mnnls, hnostruhtgno

jusgocss, stcck golustry cth occl bnrc hdpgtdk wfgkc tfnsc lcdkgom go

idst bnvgom hnosubcr mnnls (IBHMs) occl kcss wnr`gom hdpgtdk.

gg. Xgzc ni jusgocss5 kdrmc sgzc igrbs occl bnrc wnr`gom hdpgtdk ds

hnbpdrcl tn sbdkk sgzc igrbs.

ggg. Kcvck ni tchfonknmy5usc ni fgmf kcvck tchfonknmy kcdls tn idstcogom

tfc prnhcss dol rcluhc wdstdmc dol go suhf hdsc, kcss wnr`gom

hdpgtdk wnukl jc rcqugrcl.

gv. Kcomtf ni npcrdtgom hyhkc5 knomcr gs tfc npcrdtgom hyhkc0 fgmfcr

wnukl jc tfc occl ni wnr`gom hdpgtdk.

v. Xcdsnodk odturc5igrbs lcdkgom go mnnls ni scdsnodk odturc, fgmfcr

hdpgtdk lurgom pcd` scdsno wnukl jc rcqugrcl.

vg. Hrclgt pnkghy5 Gi hrclgt pnkghy inkknwcl gs kgjcrdk bnrc wnr`gom

hdpgtdk wnukl jc rcqugrcl dol gi tfc sdbc gs strght kcss wnr`gomhdpgtdk wnukl jc rcqugrcl.


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vgg. \uronvcr ni wnr`gom hdpgtdk5 Gi rdtc ni turonvcr gs bnrc, kcss

wnr`gom hdpgtdk wnukl jc rcqugrcl dol tfgs rdtc gs kcss, bnrcwnr`gom hdpgtdk wnukl jc rcqugrcl.

vggg. Lgvglcol pnkghy5Gi d igrb rctdgos bnrc prnigt dol lgstrgjutcs icwcr

dbnuots ds lgvglcol, kcss wnr`gom hdpgtdk wnukl jc rcqugrcl.

gx. Qrnigt bdrmgo5 Gi rdtc ni bdrmgo ni prnigt gs bnrc, kcss wnr`gom

hdpgtdk wnukl jc rcqugrcl.

x. Zdtc ni mrnwtf5 Gi mrnwtf rdtc gs fgmf dol igrb gs hnotgounusky

cxpcolgom/ lgvcrsgiygom gts prnluhtgno & jusgocss, bnrc wnr`gom

hdpgtdk wnukl jc occlcl.

xg. Ntfcr idhtnrs kg`c 5

- Bcdos ni trdospnrt

- Dvdgkdjgkgty ni wdtcr, pnwcr ocdrky

- Qnkgtghdk stdjgkgty

Hnnrlgodtgno ni dhtgvgtgcs dksn ciicht cstgbdtgno ni rcqugrcbcots ni

wnr`gom hdpgtdk.

Tucs.8 ]nr`gom hdpgtdk gs tfc kgicjknnl ni doy jusgocss. Hnbbcot.

(Xgmogighdohc/Gbpnrtdohc ni dlcqudtc wnr`gom hdpgtdk

Dos5 Ciichts ni Dlcqudtc hdpgtdk

- Qrnbpt pdybcot tn suppkgcs & jcocigt ni hdsf/ trdlclgshnuot.

- Gohrcdsc go mnnl wgkk/ gbdmc

- Cdsy kndos irnb jdo`s

- Gohrcdsc go tfc ciighgcohy ni cbpknyccs cxchutgvcs/lgrchtnrs.

- Gohrcdsc go tfc prnluhtgvgty ds wckk ds prnigtdjgkgty


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Godlcqudtc nr sfnrt wnr`gom hdpgtdk

- Xtnh` nut sgtudtgno bdy drgsc- Knnsgom hustnbcrs

- Kcss prnigt

- Lnwo idkk ni mnnl wgkk / gbdmc

Cxhcss wnr`gom hdpgtdk

- Soochcssdry pgkgom ni stnh` luc tn wfghf knss nigotcrcst no dbnuot jknh`cl, tfcit, pgkicrdmc

- Kcdl tn gociighgcohy ni bdodmcbcot

- Dlvcrscky ciicht prnluhtgno dol prnigtdjgkgty

- Lgssdtgsidhtgno tn sfdrc fnklcrs

Xhfclukc ni hfdomc go wnr`gom hdpgtdk

]nr`gom hdpgtdk wgkk gohrcdsc wfco tfcrc gs gohrcdsc go hurrcot dsscts dol

lchrcdsc go hurrcot kgdjgkgty & wnr`gom hdpgtdk wgkk lchrcdscs wfco tfcrc gs

lchrcdsc go tfc hurrcot dsscts dol gohrcdsc go hurrcot kgdjgkgty.

Oct gohrcdsc go tfc wnr`gom hdpgtdk gs trcdtcl ds d uscs ni iuols dol tfc oct

lchrcdsc go wnr`gom hdpgtdk gs trcdtcl ds snurhc ni iuols


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Xtdtcbcot ni hfdomc go ]nr`gom hdpgtdk

Gtcb Qrcvgnusycdr

Hurrcot ycdr Ciicht no tfcwnr`gom hdpgtdk

Hurrcot dssctsHdsf dt jdo`Hdsf go fdolXtnh`Lcjtnrs

Jgkks rchcgvdjkcsDlvdohc pdybcotXfnrt tcrbgovcstbcotQrcpdgl cxpcoscsDhhrucl gohnbc\ntdk (D)

Hurrcot kgdjgkgtgcsXfnrt tcrb kndos

Jdo` nvcrlrditHrclgtnrsJgkks pdydjkcNutstdolgomcxpcoscsuohkdgbcl lgvglcol

\ntdk (J)

T.< ]rgtc sfnrt ontc no Npcrdtgom hyhkc

Dos Npcrdtgom Hyhkc rcicrs tn hdpgtdk/ dbnuot rcqugrcl go lgiicrcot inrbs dt

suhhcssgvc stdmcs ni bdouidhturgom npcrdtgno/ prnhcss. Gt rcprcscots hyhkc

lurgom wfghf hdsf gs rchnovcrtcl go tn hdsf dmdgo. Go bdouidhturgom

prnhcss, hdsf gs rcqugrcl inr purhfdsgom rdw bdtcrgdk- rdw bdtcrgdk gs

hnovcrtcl go tn wnr` go prnmrcss wfghf gs hnovcrtcl go tn igogsfclprnluht igogsfcl prnluhts drc snkl no hrclgt- tfdo hdsf gs rcdkgzcl nut ni


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hrclgt sdkc. \ntdk tgbc td`co go hnbpkctgom noc hyhkc fckps go dshcrtdgogom

wnr`gom hdpgtdk rcqugrcbcots.

T.3 ]fdt ln ynu uolcrstdol jy Igodohgom ni ]nr`gom Hdpgtdk>

Dos. Igodohgom wnr`gom hdpgtdk rcicrs tn drrdomgom wnr`gom hdpgtdk go do

nrmdogzdtgno g.c. lgiicrcot snurhcs irnb wfghf wnr`gom hdpgtdk fds tn jc

rdgscl. Inr tfgs purpnsc, wc fdvc tn hkdssgiy wnr`gom hdpgtdk go tn twn

bdgo hdtcmnrgcs g.c.

G \cbpnrdry/ Xfnrt tcrb/ vdrgdjkc wnr`gom hdpgtdk

GG Qcrbdocot /igxcl/ Knom tcrb wnr`gom hdpgtdkDrrdomgom nr igodohgom jntf tfcsc hdtcmnrgcs wnukl jc lgiicrcot ds

cxpkdgocl jcknw5

G Igodohgom tcbpnrdry / sfnrt tcrb / vdrgdjkc wnr`gom hdpgtdk lgiicrcot snurhcs ni igodohgom tfgs typc ni wnr`gom hdpgtdk drc5

g. Hnbbcrhgdk jdo`s5- go tfc inrb ni sfnrt tcrb kndo kg`c

sfnrt tcrb hrclgt kgbgt, nvcrlrdit kgbgt, pkclmc kndo cth.

gg.

Golgmconus jdo`crs/prgvdtc bnocy kcolcrs go hdsc nisbdkk jusgocss nrmdogzdtgno

ggg. \rdlc hrclgt 5- Zchcgvgom mnnls no hrclgt irnb suppkgcrs

gv. Gostdkkbcot hrclgt5 - mnnls/ dsscts drc purhfdscl dol

pdybcot gs bdlc go gostdkkbcots.

v. Dlvdohcs irnb hustnbcrs/ dmcots 5- dmdgost nrlcrs

rchcgvcl inr suppkygom mnnls

vg. Lcicrrcl gohnbc 5- g.c. gohnbcs rchcgvcl go dlvdohc

vgg. Hnbbcrhgdk pdpcr5- gssugom uoschurcl prnbgssnry ontc

vggg. Qujkgh lcpnsgts5 - dhhcptgom lcpnsgt inr sfnrt pcrgnl g.c. 8

bnotf, 9 bnotfs cth.


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GG Qcrbdocot /igxcl/ knom tcrb wnr`gom hdpgtdk Lgiicrcot

snurhcs inr igodohgom suhf hdpgtdk drc.g. Xfdrcs Go tfc inrb ni cqugty sfdrcs, prcicrcohc

sfdrcs, lcicrrcl sfdrcs cth.

gg. Lcjcoturcs lcjcoturcs bdy jc ni lgiicrcot typc gcschurcl, uoschurcl, rclccbdjkc, uorclccbdjkc

hnovcrtgjkc, ono-hnovcrtgjkc cth.

ggg. Qknumfgom jdh` ni prnigt- rctdgogom prnigt inr

mrnwtf. Gt gs d gotcrodk snurhc dol d snurhc wfghf gs

hnst ircc.

gv. Qujkgh lcpnsgts dhhcptgom igxcl lcpnsgts irnbpujkgh inr d pcrgnl ni noc ycdr dol djnvc.

v. Kndo irnb igodohgom gostgtutgnos tcrb kndo irnb

gostgtutgnos kg`c5

- Hnbbcrhgdk jdo`s

Odtgnodk stdtc kcvck igodohgom gostgtutgnos kg`c

GIHG, GLJG, Xtdtc Igodohc hnrpnrdtgnos, XGLHs cth.


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Xchtgno-H

Bdodmcbcot ni hdsf dol bdr`ctdjkc

schurgtgcs.

T.4. Cxpkdgo go jrgci dkk dspchts ni bdodmcbcot ni hdsf go d jusgocssnrmdogzdtgno.

Dos. Ciighgcot bdodmcbcot ni hdsf gs hruhgdk tn tfc snkvcohy ni jusgocss. Gtgbpkgcs bd`gom surc tfdt dkk jusgocss mcocrdtcl rcvcoucs drc ciighgcotkyhnotrnkkcl dol utgkgzcl go jcst pnssgjkc bdoocr tn rcsukt go mdgos tn tfcnrmdogzdtgno. Hdsf bdodmcbcot gs hnohcrocl wgtf nptgbgzgom dbnuot nihdsf dvdgkdjkc tn tfc hnbpdoy & bdxgbgzgom gotcrcst no spdrc iuols ontrcqugrcl gbbclgdtcky jy tfc hnbpdoy.

Njechtgvcs ni hdsf bdodmcbcot5-

Cosurgom dvdgkdjgkgty ni hdsf ds pcr pdybcot shfclukc

Bgogbgzc dbnuot ni glkc hdsf

Ciichtgvc hnotrnk ni hdsf (Bdxgbgzgom gotcrcst no hdsf/iuolsont rcqugrcl gbbclgdtcky jy tfc igrb)

Bntgvcs ni fnklgom hdsf5-

(g) \rdosdhtgno bntgvc5 - Zcicrs tn hdsf rcqugrcl inr bd`gompdybcots kg`c wdmcs, npcrdtgom cxpcoscs, tdxcs, lgvglcol,gotcrcst cth.

(gg)Qrchdutgnodry bntgvc5- \n bd`c pdybcot inr uoprclghtdjkchnotgomcohgcs kg`c strg`c, knh`nut, igrc, sfdrp rgsc go prghcscth.


47/159


48/159



(gg)Knom tcrb hdsf julmct (8 tn = ycdr) uolcr tfgs bctfnl prnigtdol knss dhhnuot gs dleustcl tn `onw cstgbdtcs ni cdsfrchcgpts/ pdybcots

\fgs hdsf julmcts fckps go

- pkdoogom inr jnrrnwgoms

- pkdoogom inr rcpdybcot ni kndos

- lgstrgjutgno ni lgvglcols

- cstgbdtgno ni glkc hdsf

- jcttcr hnnrlgodtgno ni tgbgoms ni cdhf goiknws & nut iknws

- glcotgighdtgno ni hdsf surpkus pnsgtgno dol pkdoogom inrdktcrodtgvc govcstbcots go dlvdohc

Hnkkchtgno dol lgsjurscbcot bctfnls tn gbprnvc hdsf bdodmcbcotciighgcohy.

Hnkkchtgno bctfnls5

Hnohcotrdtgno jdo`gom gbprnvgom iknw ni hdsf jycstdjkgsfgom hnkkchtgno hcotcrs dt lgiicrcot pkdhcs g.c. buktgpkchnkkchtgno hcotcrs gostcdl ni sgomkc hcotrc. Cvco tfc knhdkhfcqucs rchcgvcl drc hnkkchtcl idst dol dbnuot gs lcpnsgtcl

go jdo`. \fc jdo` go tfc fcdl niighc ni igrb gs `onwo dshnohcotrdtgno jdo`.

Knh` Jnx systcbD igrb td`cs no rcot pnst niighc jnxcs gosckchtcl drcds dol gostruhts hustnbcrs tn bdgk tfcgr pdybcotgo tfcsc jnxcs. \fc jdo` ni tfc igrb gs dutfnrgzcl tn npcotfcsc jnxcs, pgh` up bdgks dol lcpnsgt hfcqucs go tfcdhhnuot ni igrb dol scols d kgst ni hfcqucs rchcgvcl inr tfcrchnrl ni igrb.

Lgsjurscbcot bctfnls

(g) Hcotrdkgzcl lgsjurscbcot hcotrc Cstdjkgsfgom dhcotrdkgzcl lgsjurscbcot hcotrc dt fcdl niighc ni igrb dol dkkpdybcots noky tfrnumf tfgs hcotrc. \fgs wnukl fckp gohnosnkgldtgom dkk iuols go d sgomkc dhhnuot dol bd`gom dprnpcr shfclukc ni pdybcots/ fdolkgom iuols.


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(gg)Qdybcot no luc ldtcdkk pdybcot no tfcgr luc ldtcs (ontcdrky & ont kdtc) strghtky dhhnrlgom tn dmrccl tcrbs sn tfdttfcrc gs on knss ni hdsf/ trdlc lgshnuot dol hrclgt wnrtfyocss ni igrb gs bdgotdgocl.

(ggg) Qrnpcr syohfrnogzdtgno ni rchcgpts dol pdybcots

(gv) Stgkgzgom ikndt ikndt golghdtcs lgiicrcohc jctwccojdo` jdkdohc dol igrbs jdo` dhhnuot & jdo` pdss jnn`. Gtdrgscs luc tn tgbc mdp jctwcco hfcquc wrgttco/gssucl doltgbc wfco gt gs prcscotcl nr tgbc mdp jctwcco hfcquclcpnsgtcl dol tgbc wfco hrclgt gs dhtudkky mgvco jy tfc jdo`tn tfc igrb tfgs ikndt bdy jc

Qnstdk ikndt \gbc rcqugrcl inr rchcgvgom hfcquc irnbhustnbcrs tfrnumf pnst

Lcpnsgt ikndt \gbc rcqugrcl prnhcssgom tfc hfcqucsrchcgvcl dol lcpnsgtgom tfcb go jdo`.

Jdo` ikndt\gbc rcqugrcl jy jdo`cr tn hnkkcht tfc pdybcotirnb hustnbcrs jdo`.

Bnlcks ni hdsf bdodmcbcot5

(g) Jdbnuk Bnlck5 -Gt gs kg`c CNT bnlck ni govcotnry hnotrnk.

Dhhnrlgom tn tfgs bnlck, nptgbub kcvck ni hdsf gs noc dtwfghf hdrrygom hnst ni hdsf nr hnst ni rchcgvgom hdsf gsbgogbub. Hdrrygom hnst ni hdsf rcicrs tn gotcrcst inr mnoc nobdr`ctdjkc schurgtgcs. \fgs gs dksn hdkkcl nppnrtuogty hnst.Hnst ni rchcgvgom hdsf nr trdosdhtgno hnst gs tfc hnst nihnovcrtgom bdr`ctdjkc schurgtgcs go hdsf.

(gg) Fgkkcr Nrr bnlck\fgs bnlck gs jdscl no dssubptgno tfdthdsf jdkdohc hfdomcs rdolnbky nvcr d pcrgnl ni tgbc go sgzc.\fgs bnlck prcshrgjcs twn kcvcks g.c. uppcr kgbgtcl dolknwcr kgbgt. Nptgbub jdkdohc ni hdsf kgcs jctwcco uppcr

dol knwcr kgbgt. ]fco hdsf jdkdohc rcdhfcs uppcr kgbgt,hdsf cqudk tn lgiicrcohc jctwcco uppcr kgbgt dol nptgbubkgbgt, gt sfnukl jc govcstcl go bdr`ctdjkc schurgtgcs. ]fcohdsf jdkdohc rcdhfcs tn knwcr kgbgt, hdsf cqudk tn lgiicrcohcjctwcco nptgbub kgbgt dol knwcr kgbgt, igodohc bdodmcr


50/159



sfnukl gbbclgdtcky sckk bdr`ctdjkc schurgtgcs sn tfdt hdsfjdkdohc rcdhfcs onrbdk kcvck.

\rcdsury bdodmcbcot (\B)

\.B bdgoky lcdks wgtf wnr`gom hdpgtdk bdodmcbcot dol igodohgdkrgs` bdodmcbcot. \fc wnr`gom hdpgtdk bdodmcbcot gohkulcs hdsfbdodmcbcot dol lchglc dssct kgdjgkgty bgx. Igodohgdk rgs` gohkulcs inrcxdol gotcrcst dol gotcrcst rdtc bdodmcbcot. Fcohc, `cy mndk ni \B gspkdoogom nrmdogzgom dol hnotrnkkgom hdsf dsscts tn sdtgsiy igodohgdknjechtgvcs ni nrmdogzdtgno. \fc mndk gs tn5

- Bdxgbgzc rcturo no dvdgkdjkc hdsf

- Bgogbgzc gotcrcst hnst- Bnjgkgzc ds buhf hdsf ds pnssgjkc inr hnrpnrdtc rcturos.

@cy rcspnosgjgkgtgcs ni \.B.

- Bdgotdgogom mnnl rckdtgnos wgtf jdo`s dol ntfcr igodohgomgostgtutgnos

- Bdodmgom hnst wfgkc cdrogom nptgbub rcturo irnb doy surpkus iuol.

- Qrnvglgom knom tcrb dol sfnrt tcrb iuols inr jusgocss dt bgogbub

hnst.- Bdodmgom gotcrcst rdtc rgs` go dhhnrldohc wgtf igrbs/mrnups pnkghy

- Dlvgsgom no dkk bdttcrs ni hnrpnrdtc igodohc gohkulgom hdpgtdkstruhturc, bcrmcr & dhqugsgtgnos cth.

Iuohtgnos ni d trcdsury bdodmcr

4. Hdsf bdodmcbcot5 - ciighgcot hnkkchtgno & pdybcot ni hdsf.

:. Iuol bdodmcbcot5 - Qkdoogom dol snurhgom ni sfnrt/bclgub/knomtcrb iuols.

8. hurrcohy bdodmcbcot 5- bdodmgom inrcgmo hurrcohy rgs` go dbuktgodtgnodk hnbpdoy jy \.B


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T.: Cxpkdgo tfc hnohcpt ni Bdr`ctdjkc schurgtgcs

Dos. Hdsf surpkus kcit go cxhcss ni ldgky hdsf rcqugrcbcots occl tn jc govcstcl go

rcdlgky bdr`ctdjkc sfnrt tcrb schurgtgcs. \fcsc schurgtgcs drc dksn hdkkcl hdsf

cqugvdkcots. Govcstbcots go suhf schurgtgcs drc bdlc `ccpgom go vgcw tfc

inkknwgom njechtgvcs5

- tn cdro gotcrcst inr fnklgom pcrgnl

- tn hnovcrt schurgtgcs go hdsf ds & wfco rcqugrcl

- gohrcdsc rcturo no cxhcss hdsf tfrnumf govcstbcots

- tn bdgotdgo d prnpcr bgx ni govcstbcots

\fcsc sfnrt tcrb bdr`ctdjkc schurgtgcs gohkulc

- \rcdsury jgkks

- Hcrtgighdtc ni lcpnsgts

- Bnocy bdr`ct butudk iuols

- Jgkk lgshnuotgom

@cy hrgtcrgnos inr govcstgom inr surpkus hdsf go bdr`ctdjkc schurgtgcs drc54. Kgquglgty nr bdr`ctdjgkgty5 - hnovcrtgom schurgtgcs go hdsf go bgogbub

tgbc dol bgogbub trdosdhtgno hnst.

:. Xdicty5 - g.c. Djscohc ni rgs`. Noc sfnukl jc prcpdrcl tn sdhrgighc cxtrd

rcturo inr sd`c ni sdicty

8. Wgckl/prnigt /rcturo5- Bdxgbub pnssgjkc gohnbc irnb govcstbcot go

suhf schurgtgcs


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Zchcgvdjkcs dol govcotnry bdodmcbcot

T4 ]fdt ln ynu uolcrstdol jy Bdodmcbcot ni rchcgvdjkc> Cxpkdgo go

jrgci gts shnpc dol hnsts dssnhgdtcl wgtf gt.

Dos. Zchcgvdjkcs drc hrcdtcl no dhhnuot ni hrclgt sdkcs. \fcy drc rcprcscotcl go

tfc jdkdohc sfcct go tfc inrb ni suolry lcjtnrs, trdlc lcjtnrs, dol jnn`

lcjts, dhhnuots rchcgvdjkc, jgkks rchcgvdjkc cth. Zchcgvdjkcs hnostgtutc

drnuol 43 tn :1% ni dsscts nr drnuol 4/8 ni wnr`gom hdpgtdk go d jgm

nrmdogzdtgno dol sujstdotgdk dbnuot ni wnr`gom gs jknh`cl go tfgs dssct.

Fcohc, tfcgr ciighgcot bdodmcbcot nhhupgcs mrcdt sgmogighdohc go igodohgdk

bdodmcbcot.

Zchcgvdjkc Bdodmcbcot bcdos bdthfgom tfc hnst ni gohrcdsgom sdkcs wgtf

tfc jcocigts drgsgom nut ni gohrcdscl sdkcs dol bdxgbgzgom rcturo no

govcstbcot ni igrb uolcr tfgs fcdl. Fcohc, tfc prgbc njechtgvc ni

rchcgvdjkcs bdodmcbcot gs tn5

- Nptgbgzc rcturo no govcstbcot

- Jy bgogbgzgom hnsts dssnhgdtcl wgtf rchcgvdjkcs

Icdturcs ni rchcgvdjkcs

- \fcy govnkvc rgs` jdscl no prcscot chnonbgh vdkuc dol sckkcr cxpchts

tfc sdbc vdkuc nt d kdtcr ldtc

- Gbpkgcs iuturgty

Jcocigts ni rchcgvdjkcs

- Mrnwtf go sdkcs- Gi d igrb lncs ont sckk no hrclgt, sdkcs hdot mrnw


53/159



- Gohrcdsc go prnigt Mrnwtf go sdkcs kcdls tn gohrcdsc go prnigt. Dt

tgbcs, hrclgt sdkcs drc dt d prghc bnrc tfdo prghc ni hdsf sdkcs- Codjkcs tn idhc hnbpctgtgno go bdr`ct

Hnsts dssnhgdtcl wgtf rchcgvdjkcs drc5

4. Hdrrygom hnst hnst ni dbnuot jknh`cl go tfc inrb ni

- Gotcrcst gi dbnuot gs jnrrnwcl

- Nppnrtuogty hnst gi dbnuot jknh`cl gs nut ni rctdgocl cdrogoms.

:. Dlbgogstrdtgvc hnsts Hnst gohurrcl no bdgotdgogom stdii, inr

`ccpgom rchnrls dol inr prnhcss ni hnkkchtgom dbnuot irnb

lcjtnrs c.m.

- Xdkdry tn stdii

- Hnst ni hnkkchtgom goinrbdtgno djnut lcjtnrs

- Zchnrl `ccpgom

- Hnst ni hnkkchtgom hfcqucs

- Hnst no pfnoc hdkks, rcbgolcrs inkknw up

- Hnst no niighc spdhc, cqugpbcots cth dol cxpcolgturc no stdii

dssgmocl tfc luty ni hnkkchtgno ni dbnuot irnb lcjtnrs.

8. Lckgoqucohy hnst - hnst no inkknwgom up wgtf lckgoqucot lcjtnrs, rcbgolcrs,

kcmdk hfdrmcs cth.


54/159



(gg) Odturc dol hnolgtgnos ni jusgocss Go hnbpctgtgvc bdr`ct, bnrc hrclgt

sdkcs go hnosubcr lurdjkcs kg`c iurogturc, rcirgmcrdtnrs cth.(ggg) Hrclgt pnkghy ni igrb Gi hrclgt pnkghy gs kgjcrdk, bnrc wnukl jc dbnuot

ni rchcgvdjkcs

(gv) \crbs ni hrclgt - \crbs ni hdsf & trdlc lgshnuot dol pcrgnl go wfghf

pdybcot gs cxpchtcl irnb lcjtnrs.

(v) Hdpdhgty ni hrclgt lcpdrtbcot ]gtf rcicrcohc tn 5-

- Xhrutgoy ni nrlcrs pkdhcl jy hustnbcrs

- Dsscssgom hrclgtwnrtfgocss inr wfghf hnkkchtgom goinrbdtgno irnbvdrgnus snurhcs

- \gbcky hnkkchtgno ni rchcgvdjkcs irnb lcjtnrs

Xhnpc ni Zchcgvdjkcs Bdodmcbcot \fcrc drc tfrcc pdrt uolcr wfghf shnpc ni

rchcgvdjkcs bdodmcbcot hdo jc lgshusscl g.c. Inrbukdtgno ni hrclgt pnkghy, hrclgt

cvdkudtgno dol hrclgt hnotrnk. \fgs shnpc fds jcco prcscotcl go tfc inrb ni d

hfdrt no ocxt pdmc.


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Xhnpc ni Zchcgvdjkcs

Bdod cbcot

Inrbukdtgno Hrclgt Cvdkudtgno Hrclgt hnotrnk

rclgt Hrclgt HnkkchtgnoQnkgh

Hrclgt Hdsf

Lgshnuot

Kcogcot Xtrgomcot

Inrbukdtgno ni

hnkkchtgnoprnhclurc

- rcbgolcrs

- hdsf lgshnuot

- usc ni idhtnrgo

Bnogtnrgom &

hnotrnkkgomrchcgvdjkcs

tfrnumf

- Ciighgcot jgkkgom

systcb

- Xdkcs kclmcr

dhhnuotgom

- dvcrdmc

hnkkchtgno pcr

- Dmgom shfcluk

ni rchcgvdjkcs- DJH Dodkysgs

- Hrclgt utgkgzdtg

rcpnrt

- Dhhnuotgom

rdtgns

Hrclgt

Kgbgt

Hrclgt

Dodkysgs

Hnkkchtgno ni

goinrbdtgno irnb

vdrgnus snurhcs

- Igodohgdk

stdtcbcots

- Hrclgt rdtgom

dmcohgcs

- Jdo`s

- \rdlc rcicrcohcs

- Igrbs nwo

cpcols no 3

s g.c.

fdrdhtcr

wgkkgomocss tn)

dpdhgty (djgkgty

n pdy)

dpgtdk (igodohgdk

nuolocss)

nkkdtcrdk

schurgtgcs/

sscts)

nolgtgnos

prcscotky

QcrgnlDbnuot

Lcpcols upno

3 cs g.c.

Hfdrdhtcr

Hdpdhgty

Hdpgtdk

Hnkkdtcrdk

Hnolgtgnos


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T.: ]fdt ln ynu uolcrstdol jy tcrb govcotnry dol Govcotnry bdodmcbcot> Cxpkdgo tfc `cy njechtgvcs ni govcotnry hnotrnk.

Dos. Govcotnry bcdos stnh` ni mnnls go tfc inrb ni rdw bdtcrgdk, stnrcs nrsuppkgcs, wnr` go prnmrcss dol igogsfcl prnluht wdgtgom inr sdkc.Gbpnrtdot icdturcs ni govcotnry drc.

- Gi dhhnuots inr kdrmc sfdrc ni wnr`gom hdpgtdk

- Zgs` idhtnr gs fgmf go fnklgom govcotnry

- Gi govnkvcs bdoy typcs ni hnsts.

- Gt goikucohcs prghc dol gohnbc ni tfc igrb ds wckk ds prnigtdjgkgty.

- Gt govnkvcs dkbnst dkk iuohtgnodk drcds ni bdodmcbcot g.c. purhfdsc,

prnluhtgno, bdr`ctgom & igodohc.

Ydrgnus typcs ni rgs`s dssnhgdtcl wgtf govcotnry drc.

- rgs` ni prghc ikuhtudtgno

- rgs` ni lctcrgnrdtgno ni qudkgty ni mnnls

- rgs` ni njsnkcshcohc

- rgs` ni pgkicrdmc & knss

Govcotnry bdodmcbcot bcdos ciighgcot bdodmcbcot/ hnotrnk ni hdpgtdkgovcstcl go govcotnry inr njtdgogom bdxgbub rcturo jy `ccpgom

govcotnry hnsts dt bgogbub.

Njechtgvcs ni govcotnry hnotrnk drc twn g.c.


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Igodohgdk Bdodmcbcot Dol Bdr`ctgom Bdodmcbcot3=


@cy iuohtgnos ni govcotnry hnotrnk drc5

- ciichtgvc usc ni igodohgdk rcsnurhcs

- chnonby go purhfdsgom

- uogotcrruptcl prnluhtgno ni mnnls & scrvghcs

- prntchtgno dmdgost knss ni bdtcrgdk

- prnbpt lckgvcry ni mnnls tn hustnbcrs

- ckgbgodtgom rcluoldot govcotnry

- prnvglgom goinrbdtgno tn bdodmcbcot inr lchgsgno bd`gom

Ldomcrs ni nvcr stnh`gom ni govcotnry

Jknh`gom ni iuolswfghf bdy kcdl tn rcluhtgno go prnigt luc tngotcrcst hnst nr nppnrtuogty hnst

Gohrcdsc go fnklgom hnstjcsglcs gotcrcst rcot ni spdhc, gosurdohc,

knss no dhhnuot ni tfcit pgkicrdmc cth.

Knss ni kgquglgtyds gt gs lgiighukt tn sckk stnrcs, wn`s go prnpnscs

ds wckk ds scbg-igogsfcl mnnls.

Ldomcrs ni uolcr stnh`gom ni govcotnry/stnh` nut/ sfnrtdmc ni

govcotnry gtcbs

Knss ni prnigt luc tn knss ni sdkcs

Knss ni iuturc sdkcs ds hustnbcrs bdy mn cksc wfcrc

Knss ni hustnbcrs hnoiglcohc rcsuktgom tn knss ni mnnl wgkk

Npcrdtgom njechtgvcs

(g) Zcmukdr iknw ni bdtcrgdk

(gg) Bgogbgzdtgno ni rgs`s luc tn

Xtnh` nut.

(ggg) Dvngl njsnkcshcohc ni stnrcl

Mnnls luc tn hfdomc go lcbdol,

\chfonknmy

Igodohgdk njechtgvc

(g) Bgogbub govcstbcot nr bdxgbgzdtgno

Ni rcturos no govcstbcots

(gg) Bgogbgzgom govcotnry hnsts.


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Igodohgdk Bdodmcbcot Dol Bdr`ctgom Bdodmcbcot36


Knss ni bdhfgoc dol bco fnurs ds tfcy bdy rcbdgo glkc wfghf

kcdl tn irustrdtgno go kdjnur bdy inrhc, uoochcssdry stnppdmc go

prnluhtgno, cxtrd hnsts go urmcot rcpkcogsfbcot ni gtcbs.

T.:. Cxpkdgo go jrgci lgiicrcot typcs ni hnsts dssnhgdtcl wgtf govcotnry. Dksn

cxpkdgo lgiicrcot tchfogqucs ni govcotnry hnotrnk.

Dos. Inkknwgom drc tfc cy typcs ni hnsts dssnhgdtcl wgtf govcotnry5

(g) Bdtcrgdk hnst]fghf gohkulc hnst ni purhfdsgom bdtcrgdk/ Mnnls

gohkulgom trdospnrtdtgno hnst, sdkcs tdx, nhtrng, fdolkgom hnst

(kndlgom uokndlgom) cth.

(gg) Nrlcrgom hnsts5 Hkcrghdk & dlbgogstrdtgvc hnsts suhf ds sdkdry,

pnstdmc, stdtgnodry tckcpfnoc cth dssnhgdtcl wgtf purhfdsgom, hnstni rcqugsgtgno ni bdtcrgdk inr nrlcr, inkknw up,

rchcgvgom/cvdkudtgom quntdtgnos, hfch`gom ni bdtcrgdk wfco

rchcgvcl (qudkgty/qudotgty) dhhnuotgom hnsts suhf ds hfch`gom ni

suppkgcs dmdgost nrlcrs, bd`gom pdybcot, bdgotdgogom rchnrls ni

purhfdsc cth. sctup hnsts wfco gtcbs drc bdouidhturcl gotcrodkky.

(ggg) Hdrrygom hnsts- stnrdmc hnst c.m. Zcot, kgmftgom fcdtgom,

rcirgmcrdtgno, kdjnur hnsts go fdolkgom bdtcrgdk, stnrc stdii

cqugpbcots, tdxcs, lcprchgdtgno, gosurdohc, prnluht lctcrgnrdtgnonjsnkcshcohc spngkdmc, jrcd`dmc, pgkicrdmc, dulgt & dhhnuotgom hnst

dol kdstky gotcrcst hnst no hdpgtdk nr nppnrtuogty hnst.

(gv) Xtnh` nut hnsts nr sfnrtdmc ni bdtcrgdk]fghf gohkulc knss niprnigt luc tn knss ni sdkc, knss ni iuturc sdkcs, knss ni knnsgom

mnnlwgkk go tfc cycs ni hustnbcrs dol knss ni bdo dol bdhfgoc

fnurs.


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\chfogqucs ni Govcotnry Hnotrnk

Bnlcro \chfogqucs \rdlgtgnodk tchfogqucs

onbgh nrlcr Zc-nrlcrgom Igxgom stnh` Xckchtgom Govcotnry

DJH YCL XLC IXO

Govcotnry

hnotrnk

\wn Jgo Qcrpctudk

Govcotnry

Qcrgnlgh nrlcr


60/159



CNT - Nptgbub sgzc ni do nrlcr inr rcpkcogsfbcot ni do gtcb ni govcotnry gs

hdkkcl CNT

ZNQ - Zc-nrlcrgom pngot gs tfc kcvck ni govcotnry dt wfghf do nrlcr sfnukl jc

pkdhcl inr rcpkcogsfbcot ni no gtcb ni govcotnry.

Xtnh` kcvcks- Igxgom kcvcks kg`c bgogbub, bdxgbub, rc-nrlcr dol ldomcr kcvck.

DJH dodkysgs Dkwdys Jcttcr hnotrnk. Dkk gtcbs ni govcotnry drc lgvglcl go tntfrcc hdtcmnrgcs g.c. D, J, & H.

Hdtcmnry D vdkuc =1% tn 61% ]fcrc qudotgty gs 3% tn 41%

J :1% :1%

H 41% =1%

YCL Dodkysgs Ygtdk, Csscotgdk & Lcsgrdjkc (uscl inr spdrc pdrts)XLC Dodkysgs

Xhdrhc (gtcbs go sfnrt suppky)

Lgiighukt (gtcbs hdot jc prnhurcl cdsgky)

Cdsy (gtcbs wfghf drc cdsgky dvdgkdjkc)

IXO Dodkysgs

Idst bnvgom (stnh` tn jc bdgotdgocl go kdrmc qudotgty)

Xknw bnvgom (ont ircqucotky rcqugrcl jy prnluhtgno lcpt.)

Ono-bnvgom (gtcbs wfghf drc rdrcky rcqugrcl jy prnluhtgno lcpt)


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Ckcbcotdry stuly ni hdpgtdk julmctgom

gohkulgom bctfnls ni cvdkudtgom hdpgtdkcxpcolgturc prnpnsdk uolcr hcrtdgoty.

T.4 ]fdt ln ynu uolcrstdol jy tfc tcrb Hdpgtdk julmctgom> Cxpkdgo gts hnohcpt.

Dos. Gotrnluhtgno5

D igrb gohurs twn typcs ni cxpcoscs g.c.

Zcvcouc cxpcolgturc \fc jcocigts ni wfghf drc suppnscl tn jc cxfdustclwgtfgo tfc ycdr hnohcrocl dol tfcgr pkdoogom dol hnotrnk gs lnoc tfrnumf

vdrgnus iuohtgnodk lcpdrtbcots

Hdpgtdk cxpcolgturc \fc jcocigts ni wfghf drc cxpchtcl tn jc rchcgvcl nvcrknom pcrgnl d scrgcs ni ycdrs go iuturc kg`c jugklgom, pkdot, bdhfgocry nr tn

uolcrtd`c d prnmrdb no

Zcscdrhf dol lcvcknpbcot ni d prnluht

Lgvcrsgighdtgno go tn d ocw prnluht kgocZcpkdhcbcot ni d bdhfgoc

Cxpdosgno go prnluhtgno hdpdhgty

Qrnbntgnodk hdbpdgmo

Hdpgtdk cxpcolgturc govnkvcs govcstbcot ni sujstdotgdk iuols inr knomcr pcrgnl

dol tfc jcocigts ni suhf govcstbcot drc go tfc inrb ni gohrcdsgom rcvcoucs nr

lchrcdsgom hnsts. ]rnom lchgsgno uolcr tfgs fcdl bdy ciicht iuturc cdrogoms,

cbpknybcot hdpdhgty, qudotgty dol qudkgty ni prnluhtgno. Fcohc, knom tcrb

pkdoogom dol rgmft lchgsgno tn gohur nr ont tn gohur suhf cxpcolgturc gs d hruhgdkrcspnosgjgkgty ni bdodmcbcot.

\fc tchfogqucs uscl jy bdodmcbcot tn hdrry nut tfgs rcspnosgjgkgty gs `onwo ds

hdpgtdk julmctgom. Fcohc pkdoogom dol hnotrnk ni hdpgtdk cxpcolgturc gs tcrbcl

ds hdpgtdk julmctgom.


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Igodohgdk Bdodmcbcot Dol Bdr`ctgom Bdodmcbcot9:


Lcigogtgnos5

Dhhnrlgom tn Bgktno Hdpgtdk julmctgom govnkvcs pkdoogom ni cxpcolgturc inrdsscts dol rcturo irnb tfcb wfghf wgkk jc rcdkgzcl go iuturc tgbc pcrgnl.

Dhhnrlgom tn G.B pdolcy Hdpgtdk julmctgom rcicrs tn tfc tntdk prnhcss nimcocrdtgom, cvdkudtgom, sckchtgom, dol inkknw up ni hdpgtdk cxpcolgturc

dktcrodtgvc

Odturc / Icdturcs ni Hdpgtdk julmctgom lchgsgnos

(4) Knom tcrb ciicht - suhf lchgsgnos fdvc knom tcrb ciicht no iuturc

prnigtdjgkgty dol goikucohc pdhc ni igrbs mrnwtf. D mnnl lchgsgno bdy

jrgom dbdzgom/mnnl rcturos dol wrnom lchgsgno bdy coldomcr vcry

survgvdk ni igrb. Fcohc hdpgtdk julmctgom lchgsgnos lctcrbgoc iuturc

lcstgoy ni igrb.

(:) Fgmf lcmrcc ni rgs`- lchgsgno gs jdscl no cstgbdtcl rcturo. Hfdomcs

go tdstc, idsfgno, rcscdrhf dol tchfonknmghdk dlvdohcbcot kcdls tn

mrcdtcr rgs` go suhf lchgsgnos.

(8)

Fumc iuols kdrmc dbnuot/iuols drc rcqugrcl dol spdrgom fumciuols gs prnjkcb dol fcohc lchgsgno tn jc td`co ditcr prnpcrhdrc/dodkysgs

(


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govcstbcot lncs ont mcocrdtc dotghgpdtcl prnigt, iuturc prnigtdjgkgty

wnukl jc diichtcl.

T.: Lgshuss tfc njechtgvcs ni usgom Hdpgtdk julmctgom tchfogqucs dol tfc idhtnrs

diichtgom tfc lchgsgno bd`gom.

Dos. Njechtgvcs ni hdpgtdk Julmctgom

(4) Xfdrc fnklcrs wcdktf bdxgbgzdtgno. Go tuoc wgtf njechtgvcs ni

igodohgdk bdodmcbcot, gts dgb gs sckchtgom tfnsc prnechts tfdt

bdxgbgzc sfdrcfnklcrs wcdktf. \fc lchgsgno sfnukl dvngl nvcr/uolcr

govcstbcot go igxcl dsscts.

(:) Cvdkudtgno ni prnpnscl hdpgtdk cxpcolgturc Hdpgtdk julmctgom

fckps go cvdkudtgom cxpcolgturc tn jc gohurrcl no vdrgnus dsscts tnbcdsurc vdkglgty ni cdhf cxpcolgturc

(8) Hnotrnkkgom hnsts - jy cvdkudtgom cxpcolgturc hnsts hdo jc hnotrnkkcl.

(


64/159

Igodohgdk Bdodmcbcot Dol Bdr`ctgom Bdodmcbcot9 ]fdt drc gts bcrgts

dol Lcbcrgts>

Nr

Fnw hdpgtdk julmctgom gs fckpiuk go bd`gom govcstbcots lchgsgnos. Cxpkdgo.

Hdpgtdk julmctgom lchgsgno bdy jc tfnumft ni ds d hnst-jcocigt dodkysgs. ]c drc

ds`gom d vcry sgbpkc qucstgno5 "Gi G purhfdsc tfgs igxcl dssct, wgkk tfc jcocigts tntfc hnbpdoy jc mrcdtcr tfdo tfc hnst ni tfc dssct>" Go csscohc, wc drc pkdhgom tfc

hdsf goiknws dol nutiknws no d shdkc (sgbgkdr tn tfc noc djnvc) tn scc wfghf gs

mrcdtcr.

D hnbpkghdtgom idhtnr gs tfdt tfc goiknws dol nutiknws bdy ont jc hnbpdrdjkc5

hdsf nutiknws (hnsts) drc typghdkky hnohcotrdtcl dt tfc tgbc ni tfc purhfdsc, wfgkc

\cdhfgoms ni hdpgtdk Julmctgom

\rdlgtgnodk

Lgshnuotcl

Sr coh

Qdy jdh` pcrgnl

Oct prcscot vdkuc

Dvcrdmc rdtc ni rcturo

Qrnigtdjgkgty golcx

Gotcrodk rdtc ni rcturo.

\crbgodk vdkuc

:9


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hdsf goiknws (jcocigts) bdy jc sprcdl nvcr bdoy ycdrs. \fctgbc vdkuc ni bnocy

prgohgpkc stdtcs tfdt lnkkdrs tnldy drc ont tfc sdbc ds lnkkdrs go tfc iuturc

(jchdusc wc wnukl dkk prcicr pnsscssgom lnkkdrs tnldy tn rchcgvgom tfc sdbc

dbnuot ni lnkkdrs go tfc iuturc). \fcrcinrc, jcinrc wc hdo pkdhc tfc hnsts dol

jcocigts no tfc shdkc, wc bust bd`c surc tfdt tfcy drc hnbpdrdjkc. ]c ln tfgsjy td`gom tfc prcscot vdkuc ni cdhf, wfghf rcstdtcs dkk ni tfc hdsf iknws gotn

"tnldy's lnkkdrs." Nohc dkk ni tfc hdsf iknws drc no d hnbpdrdjkc jdsgs, tfcy bdy

jc pkdhcl notn tfc shdkc tn scc gi tfc jcocigts cxhccl tfc hnsts.

\fc Bdenr Hdpgtdk Julmctgom \chfogqucs

D vdrgcty ni bcdsurcs fdvc cvnkvcl nvcr tgbc tn dodkyzc hdpgtdk julmctgom

rcqucsts. \fc jcttcr bctfnls usc tgbc vdkuc ni bnocy hnohcpts. Nklcr bctfnls,

kg`c tfc pdyjdh` pcrgnl, fdvc tfc lcighgcohy ni ont usgom tgbc vdkuc tchfogqucsdol wgkk cvcotudkky idkk jy tfc wdysglc dol jc rcpkdhcl go hnbpdogcs jy tfc

ocwcr, supcrgnr bctfnls ni cvdkudtgno.

4. Qdyjdh` Qcrgnl

Gt gs tfc kcomtf ni tgbc tfdt gt td`cs tn rchnvcr ynur govcstbcot.

Inr cxdbpkc, tn rchnvcr $81,111 dt tfc rdtc ni $41,111 pcr ycdr wnukl td`c 8.1

ycdrs. Hnbpdogcs tfdt usc tfgs bctfnl wgkk sct snbc drjgtrdry pdyjdh` pcrgnl

inr dkk hdpgtdk julmctgom prnechts, suhf ds d rukc tfdt noky prnechts wgtf d pdyjdh`

pcrgnl ni :.3 ycdrs nr kcss wgkk jc dhhcptcl. (Dt d pdyjdh` pcrgnl ni 8 ycdrs go tfc

cxdbpkc djnvc, tfdt prnecht wnukl jc rcechtcl.)

\fc pdyjdh` pcrgnl bctfnl gs lchrcdsgom go usc cvcry ycdr dol lncso't lcscrvc

cxtcosgvc hnvcrdmc fcrc.

:. Qrnigtdjgkgty golcx (QG), dksn `onwo ds prnigt govcstbcot rdtgn (QGZ) dolvdkuc govcstbcot rdtgn(YGZ), gs tfc rdtgn ni pdynii tn govcstbcot ni d prnpnscl

prnecht. Gt gs d usciuk tnnk inr rdo`gom prnechts jchdusc gt dkknws ynu tn qudotgiytfc dbnuot ni vdkuc hrcdtcl pcr uogt ni govcstbcot.

\fc rdtgn gs hdkhukdtcl ds inkknws5

Dssubgom tfdt tfchdsf iknw hdkhukdtcl lncs ont gohkulc tfc govcstbcot bdlc gotfc prnecht, d prnigtdjgkgty golcx ni 4 golghdtcs jrcd`cvco. Doy vdkuc knwcr tfdo
http://campus.murraystate.edu/academic/faculty/lguin/FIN330/Time%20Value.htmhttp://campus.murraystate.edu/academic/faculty/lguin/FIN330/Time%20Value.htmhttp://campus.murraystate.edu/academic/faculty/lguin/FIN330/Time%20Value.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cash_flowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cash_flowhttp://campus.murraystate.edu/academic/faculty/lguin/FIN330/Time%20Value.htm


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noc wnukl golghdtc tfdt tfc prnecht'sQY gs kcss tfdo tfc gogtgdk govcstbcot. Ds tfcvdkuc ni tfc prnigtdjgkgty golcx gohrcdscs, sn lncs tfc igodohgdk dttrdhtgvcocss nitfc prnpnscl prnecht.

Zukcs inr sckchtgno nr rcechtgno ni d prnecht5

Gi QG ? 4 tfco dhhcpt tfc prnechtGi QG ; 4 tfco rcecht tfc prnecht

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