FINANCIAL SERVICESV.DEEPA

The presentation shall discuss the following:Meaning and Objectives

of Financial servicesTypes of Financial

servicesSpecial features Role of Financial

system and economyFinancial Markets- typesAlternative financial

services

Reference :Case study: The role of financial services sector in expanding economic opportunity- a report by Harvard University .

Introduction The economic reforms and deregulation has

resulted in impressive growth by the Financial services industry; developments in late eighties saw innovative financial products introduced and resulted in specialized financial service institutions assuming increasing importance.

The financial services sector has been giving a great impetus to the Indian economy, as it accounts for 60 per cent of the gross domestic product (GDP) wherein the financial services segment has been a major contributor. Financial services industry mainly includes banking, financial services (like broking, mutual funds) and insurance and hence, is majorly referred as the BFSI industry.

The Indian Banking, Financial Services and Insurance (BFSI) industry has retained global investor confidence with due diligence even in the toughest of international climate; due to its conventional approach and strong fundamentals. Regulators such as the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA), Association of Mutual Funds in India (AMFI) and the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) formulate policies which are well in alignment with the Government regulations and objectives.

Financial Services: Aims at providing funds or substitutes of funds

for a venture at an optimum cost to the promoters with best possible returns to investors .

Financial services provided by finance companies include insurance, housing financing, mutual funds, credit reporting, debt collection, stock broking, portfolio management ,and investment advisory.

Persons providing Financial services assist the promoter to:Provide fundsPrepare feasibility

studiesTake investment

decisionRehabilitate the

project for growth or for survival

Also to decide on close down or window up the organization.

Promoter seeks various financial services from time to time depending on the size and nature of the venture; as the size of the venture increases the professionals rendering financial services also increases.

Types of financial servicesProvision of fundsManaging investible fundsRisk sharingConsultancy servicesMarket operationsResearch and Development

Provision of fundsVenture capital- issue of shares, debentures,

seed capital etcVarious services of a bank Asset financing including term loans, leasing,

hire purchaseTrade financing like working capital finance,

factoring, letters of credit, financial guarantee etc

Fixed deposits managementCredit cards and other retail products.

Managing investible funds

Portfolio managementMerchant bankingMutual and pension funds etc.

Risk Sharing

Underwriting of money market instrumentsInsurance of various typesExport credit and guarantee etc

Consultancy ServicesProject preparatory servicesPreparation of project reportsAppraisal of projectsRehabilitation of projectsBusiness advisory services including legal

financial, taxationValuation of investmentsCredit ratingMerger , acquisitions and restructuring etc

Market operations Stock market related – share broking etcMoney market operations like sale / purchase of

assets and investmentsAsset management like depositories, custodial

services etcRegistrars / share transfer agentsTrusteeshipsRetail market operations Futures, options, derivatives etcSettlement and clearing services for financial

contracts, instruments and other assets.

Research and DevelopmentEquity / Market researchInvestor educationTraining of personnelBasic market oriented services for long-term

development like software's ,communication facilities etc

Market developmentFinancial information services etc.

The above list is only illustrative and not exhaustive. More new and innovative products are being promoted, developed and marketed continuously in this sector.

Special features of Financial services

IntangibilityInseparabilityPerish abilityVariability

Role of Financial system and economy: The financial system of a country has a great

impact on the economy with financial services companies responsible for the robust economic growth. There has to be a direct link between the regulatory institutions and the intermediary institutions while determining the financial system of a country.

One of the important requisite for the accelerated development of an economy is the existence of a dynamic financial market.

A financial market helps the economy in the following manner.

Saving mobilization: Obtaining funds from the savers or surplus units such as household individuals, business firms, public sector units, central government, state governments etc. is an important role played by financial markets.

Investment: Financial markets play a crucial role in arranging to invest funds thus collected in those units which are in need of the same.

National Growth: An important role played by financial market is that, they contributed to a nations growth by ensuring unfettered flow of surplus funds to deficit units. Flow of funds for productive purposed is also made possible.

Entrepreneurship growth: Financial market contribute to the development of the entrepreneurial claw by making available the necessary financial resources.

Industrial development: The different components of financial markets help an accelerated growth of industrial and economic development of a country, thus contributing to raising the standard of living and the society of well-being.

Functions of a Financial Market:Functions are classified under 2 categories :Intermediary FunctionsFinancial Functions The intermediary functions of a financial markets include the

following: Transfer of Resources: Financial market facilitate the transfer

of real economic resources from lenders to ultimate borrowers. Enhancing income: Financial markets allow lenders to earn

interest or dividend on their surplus invisible funds, thus contributing to the enhancement of the individual and the national income.

Productive usage: Financial market allow for the productive use of the funds borrowed. The enhancing the income and the gross national production.

Capital Formation: Financial market provide a channel through which new savings flow to aid capital formation of a country.

Price determination: Financial markets allow for the determination of price of the traded financial assets through the interaction of buyers and sellers. They provide a sign for the allocation of funds in the economy based on the demand and supply through the mechanism called price discovery process.

Sale Mechanism: Financial markers provide a mechanism for selling of a financial asset by an investor so as to offer the benefit of marketability and liquidity of such assets.

The activities of the participants in the financial market result in the generation and the consequent dissemination of information to the various segments of the market. So as to reduce the cost of transaction of financial assets.

Providing the borrower with funds so as to enable them to carry out their investment plans.

Providing the lenders with earning assets so as to enable them to earn wealth by deploying the assets in production debentures.

Providing liquidity in the market so as to facilitate trading of funds.

Financial Functions

Constituents of Financial markets

Primary market: Primary market is a market for new issues or new financial claims. Hence it’s also called new issue market. The primary market deals with those securities which are issued to the public for the first time.

Secondary market: It’s a market for secondary sale of securities. Generally, such securities are quoted in the stock exchange and it provides a continuous and regular market for buying and selling of securities.

Money market: Money market is a market for dealing with financial assets and securities which have a maturity period of up to one year. In other words it’s a market for purely short term funds.

Capital market: A capital market is a market for financial assets which have a long or indefinite maturity. Generally it deals with long term securities which have a maturity period of above one year.

Capital market may be further divided in to: (a) industrial securities market (b) Govt. securities market and (c) long term loans market.

Debt market: The market where funds are borrowed and lent is known as debt market. Arrangements are made in such a way that the borrowers agree to pay the lender the original amount of the loan plus some specified amount of interest.

Euro – Bond market: A market where bonds are denominated in currency other than that of the country in which they are issued is called euro bond market. Euro- Bond market is international in character. A striking characteristic of euro-bond market is that bulk if these bonds is denominated in dollars.

Equity markets: A market where ownership of securities are issued and subscribed is known as equity market. An example of a secondary equity market for shares is the Bombay stock exchange.

Financial service market: A market that comprises participants such as commercial banks that provide various financial services like ATM. Credit cards. Credit rating, stock broking etc. is known as financial service market. Individuals and firms use financial services markets, to purchase services that enhance the working of debt and equity markets.

Depository markets: A depository market consist of depository institutions that accept deposit from individuals and firms and uses these funds to participate in the debt market, by giving loans or purchasing other debt instruments such as treasure bills.

Non-Depository market: Non-depository market carry out various functions in financial markets ranging from financial intermediary to selling, insurance etc. The various constituency in non-depositary markets are mutual funds, insurance companies, pension funds, brokerage firms etc.

ALTERNATIVE FINANCIAL SERVICESAlternative financial services (AFS) are financial services

provided outside traditional banking institutions, on which many low income individuals  depend. In developing countries, these services often take the form of microfinance. In developed countries, the services may be similar to those provided by banks, and include rent to own agreements , pay day loans , pawn shops, refund anticipation loans, some mortgage loans  and car title loans , and non-bank check cashing, money orders , and money transfers. It also includes traditional  money lending  by door-to-door collection. Alternative financial services are typically provided by non-bank financial institutions , although person to person lending and crowd funding  also play a role.