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Fire during construction
STA advice and guidance
Timber Frame Buildings for
accommodation
Structural Timber Buildings for commercial
• About us
• Past, present and future
• A brief history of Timber Frame Fires
• STA response - Site Safe
• Case studies
• The bigger picture
Presentation Content
Slide 2
• A single voice for the use of structural timber frame products & systems.
• Over 300 member companies made up of:
• Structural Timber Frame manufacturers
• Construction material suppliers
• Erectors
• Designers
• Associated companies such as architects, contractors, house
builders and engineers
• Governed by a Board of volunteer Industry members
About Us
Slide 3
Committees made up of industry experts in including :
• Technical (Inc. Fire Safety)
• Health and Safety
• Education and Training
• Quality
• Think Tank
How we work
• To actively promote the use of timber in construction
• To provide the single focus and action role for our industry
• To represent members and product interests, with key external Stakeholders / regulator bodies
• To foster quality, safety and sustainability standards within our membership
About Us
Past, present and future
Why timber frame –
it was speed of build
Now about cost and speed
Future about sustainability
A future stalled by fires during construction
High profile fires – to avoid
Industry need for guidance on good practice approach to avoid
fires during construction
• 16 Steps to Fire Safety (1st edition 2008 – 4th edition 2014)
• Site Safe (Dec 2009)
• UK Timber Frame Working Group (CFOA,DCLG, HSE,ABI
etc.) (Oct 2010)
• Health & Safety Executive HSG 168 (2nd edition Oct 2010) –
for All forms of Construction
STA (UKTFA) Response - to timber frame fires
• CFOA Online Registration (Nov 2011)
• Research into timber frame and radiant heat (2011)
• Categorisation of Timber Frame for robustness against fire
• Separation Distance Guidance (Nov 2011) to address HSG
168
• Advice note on escape distances (Oct 2014)
• Separation Distance Guidance for CLT ( Nov 2014)
STA response Continued.../
• 2nd Edition - October 2010
• All methods of construction
• CDM requirement
• Fire Risk Assessment (FRA)
• FRA to include neighbouring buildings
• Early design consideration
HSE FIRE SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION HSG 168
Slide 8
Principal contractor obligations: all construction methods
Consider the risk and impact of a fire: on the site and off the site
FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT: HSG 168
Slide 9
• Impact of radiant heat from a site
fire
• Build programme - phasing and
handovers- fire risk review
• Travel distance and escape
routes
• Compartmentation during the
construction process
Influence of a fire safety strategy – During
Construction
Stages in the adoption of timber frame as a
building solution
The separation distances
• 3 fire models
• 3 categories of timber frame
• Tables to deliver easy read solutions
categories of timber frame and radiant heat
Tests to justify
Category A: Standard timber frame
• Risk mitigation through process improvements
Category B: Reduced fire spread timber frame
• FR treated timbers, sheathing and decking
• Pre-insulated panels and FR treated timbers, sheathing and decking
Category C: Fire spread resistant timber frame
• Euro Class - A1 or A2 non and limited combustibility sheathing
• FR treated timbers & decking
• Covers key project stages
• Design
• Procurement
• Pre-construction
• Onsite construction
• Aligns with RIBA work
phases
STA SITE SAFE STRATEGY
Slide 10
RIBA phases 2-4
Slide 11
SITE SAFE DOCUMENTS - STAGE 1
Slide 12
RIBA phases 2-4
SITE SAFE DOCUMENTS - STAGE 2 (PROCUREMENT)
On site Out side the site boundary
Slide 13
• Site Safe registration applies to
all sites with floor area 600m2 +
• Mandatory for all STA members
- Independently audited
• Chief Fire Officers Association registration
- Online notification of project with CFOA
- Fire & Rescue Service informed – HSE informed
- Only STA have access to this
STA Site safe policy
• 16 key areas- Sept 2014 edition
• Good practice guidance
• Examples and photos
• Process focused
• Assists site management
• FRA Checklist
Free to download at
www.structuraltimber.co.uk
STA 16 STEPS GUIDE - ON SITE Fire Risk Assessment
Slide 14
Example items in 16 Steps, to align with HSG 168
• Build risks - hot works, material storage, fuels and waste
control
• Security and fire detection
• Compliance - drills, inspections and checklists
• Site Fire safety plan
• Escape distances - 35m allowable- reference STA advice
note 7.5 – escape distances for explanation
FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT: HSG 168
Slide 15
16 steps - on site – stopping a fire
Slide 16
RIBA phase 5
SITE SAFE DOCUMENTS - STAGE 3
Applies to Buildings, 600m² or greater
Can be applied <600m2
Endorsed by HSE & CIREG
Reviewed by CFOA , FBU and NHBC
Free to download
SEPARATING DISTANCE GUIDANCE – Timber Frame
Slide 17
Category A: Standard timber frame
• Risk mitigation through process improvements
Category B: Reduced fire spread timber frame
• FR treated timbers, sheathing and decking
• Pre-insulated panels; PIR rigid and FR treated timbers, sheathing and decking
Category C: Fire spread resistant timber frame
• Euro Class - A1 or A2 non and limited combustibility sheathing
• FR treated joist timbers & decking
Further material and product solutions in Product Paper 4
STA TIMBER FRAME CATEGORIES
Slide 18
Tables for ease of use
HOW IT WORKS
All CAT A
HOW IT WORKS – the results
13m
Action needed
14m
All CAT A
Example 2
4 storey with 15m emitter face
(building greater than 600m²)
Category A - 18.5m
Category B2 - 12.75m
Category C - 7.00m
STA SEPARATION DISTANCE GUIDANCE
Slide 19
Example 2
4 storey flats, gable end facing
existing building 13m away
Table requires 15m separation
SIMPLE CASE STUDY
Slide 20
Gable end
10 m long
End flat
Review
13m
Solution Cat A
Category A + gable fire shield
• Brickwork to first floor before
additional frame
Solution Cat B
Category B - 11.75m (cost £180 per flat)
Example 2
4 storey flats, gable end facing
existing building 13m away
SIMPLE CASE STUDY Slide 20
Gable end
10 m long
End flat
Review
13m
Solution Cat C
Category C – 5.5m (cost £210 per flat)
CLT structures
BUILDING IN STRUCTURAL
TIMBER – the big picture
Structural
Timber
Frame
Control
Health & Safety
Benefits
FUTURE
Part L
Waste reduction
Reduced Labour/Plant
Flexibility
Timber Frame Statistics
• Accounts for 70% of all housing stock in the developed world
• Accounts for 2.4% of the housing stock in the UK
• Represents 25% of the UK new build housing market annually
• Modern timber frame is a competitive and innovative building technique with the potential to meet many of the UK’s future housing needs.
UK Future Housing Requirement
The UK housing industry is currently facing two key challenges :
1. How to meet government housing quantity targets
2. How to meet government environmental housing targets
Quantity of new homes per annum falls vastly short of the government’s target of 240,000 – this has caused a large housing deficit.
Environmental Housing Targets
• Government has pledged to reduce carbon emissions and our environmental impact.
• More than a quarter of carbon emissions in the UK are produced by housing.
• Government proposes an ambitious target of all new homes being carbon neutral from 2016.
• To meet the demanding timescales laid out in the legislations - timber frame construction has to play a vital role in rapidly meeting the government’s targets for housing quantity and carbon emissions.
Sustainability
Timber frame has superior environmental credentials in terms of sustainability. Timber is probably the only renewable resource in the construction sector and contains less embodied energy than comparable building materials .
As buildings become more energy efficient, the embodied energy of the structure represents an increasingly larger fraction of the buildings use of energy.
Whatever the flavour of Government
Towards 2025: The Industrial Strategy for
Construction
Lower costs
33%
Improvement in exports
50%
Faster delivery
50%
Lower emissions
50%
People
Smart
Sustainable
Growth
Leadership
Fire Risk Assessment - required of all building methods
HSG 168 - increasingly referenced during inspections
Site Safe Strategy:
STA 16 Steps - good practice guidance
STA Site Safe - mandatory scheme
CFOA - online registration
STA Separation Distance Guidance (buildings ≥ 600m²)
The bigger picture
SUMMARY
Slide 28
