Fire / Life Safety Product Training

Fire / Life Safety

Product Training

Fire / Life Safety ProductsDefinitions:Ceiling Damper – A device used to protect HVAC openings in fire-rated horizontal ceiling assemblies. A ceiling damper closes automatically to restrict the passage of flame & heat.

Combination Fire/Smoke Damper – A device that functions as both a fire damper and a smoke damper.

Corridor Damper – A fire/smoke damper intended for use where air ducts penetrate or terminate at horizontal openings in the ceilings of interior (tunnel) corridors.

Electric Fuse Link (EFL) – An electric, resettable, quick release device which allows the damper to close upon a rise in temperature. The EFL replaces old-fashioned “fusible rods” and is used in conjunction with an electric actuator.

Fire / Life Safety ProductsDefinitions:EP (Electro-pneumatic) Switch – A device which allows electricity to control a pneumatic actuator. EP’s are required when utilizing pneumatic actuators with TS150’s or ELF’s.

Fire Damper – A device used to restrict the passage of flame through the ductwork of an air system. A fire damper is installed in a fire-rated wall or floor and closes automatically to maintain the integrity of that partition.

Mullion – A device used to subdivide openings in fire walls when the opening is larger than the maximum size of the damper. Mullions are application specific and can only be used as approved.

Fire / Life Safety ProductsDefinitions:Pneumatic Fuse Link (PFL) – A pneumatic, quick release device which allows the damper to close upon a rise in temperature. The PFL is used in conjunction with a pneumatic actuator.

Sleeve – A steel box, open on both ends, which encloses a fire damper. Fire and fire/smoke dampers require sleeves in order to be installed properly.

Smoke Damper – A devise used to restrict the spread of smoke in HVAC systems which shut down in the event of fire, or to control the movement of smoke in a building when the HVAC system is operational in engineered smoke control systems.

Transition – A round or oval duct connection which allows a rectangular damper to fasten to a round or oval duct.

Fire / Life Safety ProductsUL StandardsUL555 Fire Damper Test

•Fire Endurance / Hose Stream Test: Damper is exposed to for either 1 ½ or 3 hours to determine hourly rating, then immediately hosed down with a heavy stream of water. This provides an extreme shock to the damper, ensuring it will withstand the severity of all fire conditions.

•Operational Reliability Test: Requires the damper to be cycled open & close 250 times for dampers without actuators and 20,000 timesfor dampers with actuators. Damper is fouled with salt & dust prior to test to simulate the most severe fire conditions.

•Dynamic Closure Test: Damper is subjected to air flows with elevated temperatures & pressures and must demonstrate the ability to close against minimum 2400 fpm and 4.5”w.g. pressure.

Fire / Life Safety ProductsUL StandardsUL555S Leakage Rated Testing

•Cycling Test: Damper is fouled with salt & dust, then cycles 20,000 times against air flows & velocities to ensure satisfactory operation.

•Temperature Degradation Test: Damper is exposed to elevated temperatures for 30 minutes then immediately cycles 3 times.

•Operational Reliability Test: Damper must operate closed and then open within 75 seconds after 15 minute exposure to 250°F or 350°F elevated temperature airflow of 2400 fpm and 4.5” w.g.

•Leakage Test: Conducted at both 1” and 4” w.g. pressure differentials, under heated air of 250°F and 350°F, and measured in cfm per square foot of damper area. Based on test results, damper is given leakage rating of 1 (highest) to 3 (lowest). Three sizes must be tested: min width x max height, max width x min height, max width x max height.

•Acuators: Must be factory installed.

Fire Dampers

Compartmentation: Sub-dividing each floor of a building with fire restrictive partitions and/or walls to restrict the spread of flames & heat in a fire.

HVAC Ductwork penetrates these fire partitions, which can allow fire to spread from one compartment to another.

Fire Dampers maintain the integrity of the fire partition by closing upon detection of heat and blocking the flame from spreading to other compartments.

Fire Dampers

Fire dampers are:

• Installed within the plane of the fire-rated partition

• Part of the wall, not the ductwork

Fire Dampers

Damper is installed in plane of wall

Sleeve is required by UL

Retaining angles are fastened to sleeve (FAST is also fastened to wall)

Damper is not attached to wall (except FAST). Gap allows for expansion

Breakaway connections attach ductwork to sleeve, ensure damper integrity if ductwork collapses

Source: AMCA 503-93

UL Approved Installation

Fire DampersHourly Rating• 1 ½ Hour: Partition’s fire resistance rating is less than 3 hours

• 3 Hour: Partition’s fire resistance rating is 3 hours or more

Mounting• Vertical: In the wall, ductwork is horizontal

• Horizontal: In the floor, ductwork is vertical

Damper is always perpendicular to ductwork

Fire DampersAirflow Closure Rating• Static: Not tested for closure under airflow

•“Fans Off” systems

•Approved for static systems only

• Dynamic: Tested for closure under airflow

•Carry both an airflow velocity (fpm) and pressure differential rating

•“Fan On” systems

•Approved for both static & dynamic systems

Dynamic Static

Fire DampersFrame Styles




Fire DampersDynamic Damper Models

A, B, CO, CR, LO, LR, R3 hour rated, 16” integral sleeveCPD63



A, B, BC, C, CO, CR, LO, LR, R, WC, WO, WR

3 hour ratedCPD23

A, B, CO, CR, LO, LR, R1 ½ hour rated, 16” integral sleeveCPD16

A, B, CO, CR, LO, LR, R1 ½ hour rated, 14” integral sleeveCPD14

A, B, CO, CR, G, LO, LR, R1 ½ hour rated, 12” integral sleeveCPD12

A, B, BC, C, CO, CR, G, LO, LR, R, WC, WO, WR

1 ½ hour ratedCPD2

Transition StylesDescriptionDamper Model

Fire DampersStatic Damper Models

CPT-A,B,G, CPT1-A,B,G, CPT2-A,GThinlineCPT, T1, T2

A, B, CO, CR, LO, LR, R3 hour rated, 16” integral sleeveCP63



A, B, BC, C, CO, CR, LO, LR, R, WC, WO, WR

3 hour ratedCP23

A, B, CO, CR, LO, LR, R1 ½ hour rated, 16” integral sleeveCP60

A, B, CO, CR, LO, LR, R1 ½ hour rated, 14” integral sleeveCP40

A, B, CO, CR, G, LO, LR, R1 ½ hour rated, 12” integral sleeveC12

A, B, BC, C, CO, CR, G, LO, LR, R, WC, WO, WR

1 ½ hour ratedCP2

Transition StylesDescriptionDamper Model

Fire DampersLabor-Saving Options

EXAMPLE:Static Fire DamperVertical Mount

Damper:Additional labor & materials at jobsite to fabricate sleeve, cut retaining angles:Total cost of damper:

C12A Damper w/FAST:Additional sleeve & angle labor & materials at jobsite:Total cost of damper:

Savings to the customer:

$13.00

$50.00$63.00

$28.00

$ 0$28.00

$35.00

Fire DampersLau vs. The CompetitionSelection varies greatly by manufacturer:

NOT AVAILABLENOT AVAILABLEIntegral Sleeve

NOT AVAILABLENOT AVAILABLENOT AVAILABLEFAST

NOT AVAILABLENOT AVAILABLEPFMA

NOT AVAILABLENOT AVAILABLENOT AVAILABLEGrille style frames

NOT AVAILABLENOT AVAILABLESealed / Welded Frames

VERTICAL MOUNT ONLY

VERTICAL MOUNT ONLY

NOT AVAILABLE3-Hr Static & Dynamic Dampers

VERTICAL MOUNT ONLY

Dynamic Fire Dampers

Safe-AirPrefcoLloydsLau

Smoke DampersSmoke Dampers have two general applications:

1. Passive Smoke Control System:Smoke Damper closes upon detection of smoke, preventing the circulation of air and smoke through a duct or ventilation opening.Requires duct smoke detector

2. Engineered Smoke Control System: Uses walls and floors as barriers to create pressure differences. Pressurizing the areas surrounding the fire prevents the spread of smoke into other areas.Requires TS150 Firestat

Smoke DampersSmoke Dampers must:

• Have factory-installed actuators

UL Approved Installation

• Be controlled by a smoke or heat detector signal, fire alarm or building fire/smoke management system

• Be installed no more than 24”from the smoke barrier it is intended to protect

• Be rated for Leakage Class (1, 2, 3) AND Elevated Temperature (250°F, 350°F)

Smoke DampersActuator Mounting Options

Sleeves are not required for UL approved installation:

External on a sleeve

External on a sideplate

Internal

Dampers for Passive Systems are power open/fail closed

Dampers for Engineered Systems can be power open/fail closed or power closed/fail open

Smoke DampersSmoke Damper Models

CSD37 – Leakage Class 1



Good Engineering Practice is Minimum Leakage Class 2

CSDRS25 – Round, Leakage Class 1

Smoke DampersLau vs. The Competition

350°F elevated temperature rating not available

Power closed/fail open option not available

Oilite bearings can crack, causing damper to fail

Blade seals not mechanically locked in place, also not rated for smoke seal to 450°F

Compare to Lau’s min/max sizes:Lau Lloyd

Min Size 8”w x 6”h 12”w x 8”hMax Size 144”w x 96”h 36”w x 36”h

Also, Lloyd does not offer true-round smoke damper!

Fire / Smoke DampersFire/Smoke Combination Dampers must:

• Function as both a fire damper and smoke damper

• Have factory installed actuators

• Be rated for Leakage Class (1, 2, 3) AND Elevated Temperature (350°F, 450°F)

• Be installed in a sleeve for UL approved installation

• Be installed with an expansion gap per Lau’s installation instructions

• Be controlled by a smoke or heat detector signal, fire alarm or building fire/smoke management system

Fire / Smoke DampersFire/Smoke Damper Installation

Leading edge of blade must be installed within the plane of the wall or floor

Retaining angle is fastened to sleeve. (FAST is also fastened to wall)

Sleeve is required by UL

Duct to sleeve connections can be rigid or breakaway type

Access to the actuator must be provided for testing & maintenance

Fire / Smoke DampersDamper Sleeve Requirements:

•All dampers are shipped with minimum 17”-20” sleeve

•Minimum sleeve length based on 5” wall

Duct Layout Dimensions:

Fire / Smoke DampersFeatures:

•EFL / PFL detect heat in ⅓ to ½ the time of standard fuse rods or fuse links.

•Controlled closure eliminates instantaneous closure, to help prevent damage to ductwork and HVAC components

•Allows manual or automatic remote reset

•Opens & closes in 7 – 15 seconds

•TS150 Firestat allows remote override of fire-induced closure to permit coltrolledoperation in dynamic smoke management systems

Easy to operate manual reset

Fire / Smoke DampersControlled Closure in Fire/Smoke Damper Design

Refer to Page 96 in the catalog

Fire / Smoke DampersDuct Smoke Detectors

DSDF Flow Detector

• Requires airflow of 300 fpm minimum

• Utilizes a sampling tube in the airstream

DSDN No-Flow Detector

• No minimum operating velocity

• Detector is installed in the airstream

Fire / Smoke DampersFire/Smoke Damper Models

CFS1 – Leakage Class 1



Good Engineering Practice is Minimum Leakage Class 2

Fire / Smoke DampersCFSRC1 Corridor Damper

•Designed for installation in interior (tunnel) corridor ceilings constructed from metal studs

•Can be used with any 24 ga steel diffuser

•UL555 1 hour rated

•UL555S Leakage Class 1

•For systems up to 2000 fpm and pressures to 4” w.g.

Fire / Smoke DampersCCDRAD1 Actuator-Driven Ceiling Damper

•Designed for lay-in acoustical panel type or single membrane rigid gypsum wallboard ceiling partitions that serve as smoke barriers.

•Can be used with any 24 gage steel diffuser.

•UL555C 1 hour rating, UL555S Leakage Class 1.

•For systems up to 2000 fpm.

Fire / Smoke DampersLau vs. The Competition

Lau offers elevated temperature ratings to 450°F

Oilite bearings can crack, causing damper to fail

Lau seals are mechanically fastened (will not blow off), and are rated for smoke seal to 450°F and flame seal to 1900°F.

Lau offers parallel AND opposed blade options

Uses fuse link, not EFL.. Instantaneous closure can cause damage to systems.

Compare to Lau Min/Max Sizes:Lau Lloyd

Min Size 8”w x 6”h 12”w x 8”hMax Size 120”w x 96”h 36”w x 36”h

Lau offers duct smoke detectors, TS150 firestat, MCP and more!

Ceiling Dampers

Conventional fire dampers, which stop the spread of flame but do not stop heat, are unacceptable for protecting fire rated ceilings!

Ceiling Dampers vs. Fire Dampers

Lau Ceiling Dampers:

• Protect the HVAC penetrations in ceiling membranes

• Prevent the spread of flame AND heat

• Are for use in UL fire rated assemblies – 3 hours or less

• Are available with Warnock Herseyrating for wood truss ceilings

Ceiling DampersCeiling Damper Models

CCD & CCDRSurface Mount Applications

• Gypboard Ceilings

• Grille/Register

CCD5 & CCDR5Lay In Applications

• Acoustical Panel Ceilings

• Ceiling Diffuser

• Includes Thermal Insulating Blanket

Ceiling DampersCeiling Damper Installation

Sizing & Frame Style:

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

Ceiling DampersCeiling Damper Installation• Installation varies by

application

• Complete installation instructions are found in Lau Installation & Reference Guide and online at www.lauparts.com.

CCDR

CCD

CCDR5

CCD5

Gypboard Ceiling

Ceiling DampersCeiling Damper Installation

Damper

#8 Sheet Metal Screws

#10 Sheet Metal Screws

16 MSG x 1 ½” channel

Ceiling Grid (Lay-in)

Duct Drop

12 SWG Steel Wire

Acoustical Panels (Lay-in)

Diffuser or grille core

Gypboard Ceiling (Surface Mount)

16 SWG Steel WireThermal Blanket Insulation (RCF)

Ceiling DampersCeiling Damper Variations

Fusible Volume Adjustment

•Replaces fuse link

•Allows adjustment of damper blades to balance airflow

•Uses standard 3/16” hex (Allen) wrench for adjustment

•In fire conditions, damper close regardless of volume setting

•Must be added at factory – cannot be field added

Ceiling DampersLau vs. The Competition

Lau dampers feature 20 ga frame & blades

Extended frame not offered

Thermal blanket sold separately, but not pre-cut to fit damper

Fusible Volume Adjustment option not offered

Ceiling DampersLau vs. The Competition

Lau dampers feature 20 ga frame & blades

Lau dampers can be ordered actual size or deduct ¼”

Thermal Insulating Blanket not available

Access DoorsAllows Duct Access to Fire/Life Safety Products

• NFPA 90A requires access to fire dampers, smoke dampers and smoke detectors, for maintenance and testing

• Testing and maintenance is required at least every 2 years per NFPA

Access DoorsAccess Door Models

Standard Access Doors:

• CDR14 – Removable, single skin

• CDE14 – Hinged, single skin

• CDR24 – Removable, double skin

• CDE24 – Hinged, double skin

• CDRW24 – Removable, double skin w/round plexiglass window

• CDEW24 – Hinged, double skin w/ plexiglass window

CDR24 and CDE24 are most popular models


CRAD Round Duct Access Door

• Easy access to round ductwork

• Simple installation

• Economical

Simple 2-Step Installation:

Cut duct opening using template

Unscrew handles, insert in opening, align & tighten knobs


SMACNA Access Doors:

• CDR12 – Removable, single skin

• CDE12 – Hinged, single skin

• CDR22 – Removable, double skin

• CDE22 – Hinged, double skin

• CDRW22 – Removable, double skin w/round plexiglass window

• CDEW22 – Hinged, double skin w/ plexiglass window

Access DoorsLau vs. The Competition

NOT AVAILABLENOT AVAILABLE$30 set-up charge for non-standard sizes

Non-standard sizes available

NOT AVAILABLENOT AVAILABLENOT AVAILABLESMACNA

DSA-DWNOT AVAILABLENOT AVAILABLECRAD

NOT AVAILABLENOT AVAILABLENOT AVAILABLECDEW24

NOT AVAILABLENOT AVAILABLENOT AVAILABLECDRW24

DHGADH-D60HADCDE24

DCMADC-D65CADCDR24

NOT AVAILABLENOT AVAILABLENOT AVAILABLECDE14

NOT AVAILABLENOT AVAILABLENOT AVAILABLECDR14

WardKeesLloydsLau

Lau offers the best selection:

General Guidelines

Next FridayWednesdayMondayFriday

Next ThursdayTuesdayFridayThursday

Next Wednesday

MondayThursdayWednesday

Next TuesdayFridayWednesdayTuesday

Next MondayThursdayTuesdayMonday

5-DAY order ships on…

3-DAY order ships on…

NEXT DAY order ships on…

Ordered by NOON EST on…

Ship Options

Review1. What fire damper hourly rating is required for installation in a 2 hour fire rated partition?

Review1. What fire damper hourly rating is required for installation in a 2 hour fire rated partition?

Answer: 1 ½ hour rated

Review2. What is the difference between static and dynamic fire dampers?

Review2. What is the difference between static and dynamic fire dampers?

Answer:

Static dampers are not tested for closure under airflow, and are approved for static systems only.

Dynamic dampers are tested for closure under airflow and carry both an airflow velocity and pressure differential rating. They are approved for both static & dynamic systems.

Review3. List the two types of smoke control systems:

Review3. List the two types of smoke control systems:

Answer:

1. Passive Smoke Control System

2. Engineered Smoke Control System

Review4. How close must a smoke damper be installed to the smoke barrier it is intended to protect?

Review4. How close must a smoke damper be installed to the smoke barrier it is intended to protect?

Answer: Within 24”

Review5. Can fire/smoke damper actuators be installed in the field?

Review5. Can fire/smoke damper actuators be installed in the field?

Answer: No. UL requires factory installation

Review6. List 2 features of Lau fire/smoke dampers:

Review6. List 2 features of Lau fire/smoke dampers:

Answers:1. EFL / PFL detect heat in ⅓ to ½ the time of standard fuse rods or

fuse links.2. Controlled closure eliminates instantaneous closure, to help

prevent damage to ductwork and HVAC components3. Allows manual or automatic remote reset4. Opens & closes in 7 – 15 seconds5. TS150 Firestat allows remote override of fire-induced closure to

permit coltrolled operation in dynamic smoke management systems

Review7. Describe the difference between the DSDF and DSDN smoke detectors:

Review7. Describe the difference between the DSDF and DSDN smoke detectors:

Answer:

DSDF utilizes a sampling tube in the airstream and requires a minimum airflow of 300 fpm.

DSDN is installed in the airstream and requires no minimum airflow.

Review8. Which fire/smoke damper is the correct model for tunnel corridor ceilings constructed from metal studs?

A. CFS1 B. CCDRAD1

C. CFSRC1 D. None of the above

Review8. Which fire/smoke damper is the correct model for tunnel corridor ceilings constructed from metal studs?

Answer: C

A. CFS1 B. CCDRAD1

C. CFSRC1 D. None of the above

Review9. When are Warnock Hersey dampers required?

Review9. When are Warnock Hersey dampers required?

Answer: Wood Truss Ceilings

Review10. Match the ceiling damper model with the correct application:

CCD Lay-in, rectangular

CCDR5 Surface-mount, rectangular

CCD5 Surface-mount, round

CCDR Lay-in, round

Review10. Match the ceiling damper model with the correct application:

CCD Lay-in, rectangular

CCDR5 Surface-mount, rectangular

CCD5 Surface-mount, round

CCDR Lay-in, round

Answer:

Review11. What is the correct sizing and frame style for flex duct installation?

Review11. What is the correct sizing and frame style for flex duct installation?

Answer: Extended Frame, Actual Size

Review12. Why are access doors necessary?

Review12. Why are access doors necessary?

Answer:NFPA 90A requires access to fire dampers, smoke dampers and smoke detectors for maintenance and testing

Review13. What is the difference between double and single skin access doors?

Review13. What is the difference between double and single skin access doors?

Answer:Single skin access doors leave insulation exposed in the ductwork but are more economical.Double skin access doors have no exposed insulation but are slightly higher in price.

Documents

Fire / Life Safety Product Training