FIRE PREVENTION & CONTROL IN INDUSTRYANIL KUMAR SINGHJR.WORKS MANAGERSMALL ARMS FY.KANPUR

FIREIt is chemical chain reaction which takes place with the evolution of heat and light.

WHAT IS FIRE?FIRE IS ONE OF THE EARLIEST AND MOST SIGNIFICANT DISCOVERIES OF MANKIND

FROM SEEING BUSH FIRES BY LIGHTNING TO IGNITING FIRE BY SPARKING STONES,

MAN DEPEND ON FIRE

FOR LIGHTTO COOK HIS FOODTO PROTECT FROM COLDTO LIGHTING A CIGARETTE ETC

INDUSTRIES DEPEND ON FIRE

FOR BOILER OPERATIONSFOR WELDINGFOR CUTTINGFOR MELTINGFORHEAT TREATMENTFOR DIGESTINGFOR BURNING

ETC

CHEMISTRY OF FIREFUELHEATOXYGENN-79%O-20.7%C-0.3%FOR SURVIVALOXY- 21%IF LESS THEN 16% -PROBLEM

FIRE

FIRE

TEMP OR HEATCOOLINGOXYGENSMOTHERINGFUELSTARVATION

HOW DOES A FIRE WORK?

THE FIRE TETRAHEDRON

BEHAVIOUR OF THE FUELS WHILE BURNINGSOLIDS BURN IN GASEOUS FORMLIQUIDS- BURNS IN VAPOUR FORMGASES - ARE ALREADY VAPOURISED & IGNITE QUICKLY

SOURCES OF FIREELECTRICAL-22%INCENDIARISM-10%SMOKING-09%HOT SURFACES-09%FRICTION-O7%OVER HEATED MATERIAL-07%CUTTING & WELDING-07%BURNER FLAMES-06%SPONTAEOUS IGNITION-05%

SOURCES OF FIRE10. EXPOSURE - 04%11.COMBUSTION SPARKS-03%12. MECHANICAL SPARKS-02%13. MOLTEN SUBSTANCES-02%14. STATIC SPARKS-02%15. CHEMICAL ACTIONS-01%16. LIGHTNING-01%17. MISCELLENEOUS-03% TOTAL=100%

DEGREE OF FLAMMABILITY

FLASH POINTFLAMMABILITY LIMITSAUTO IGNITION TEMPERATUREIGNITION ENERGYBURNING VELOCITY

FLASH POINT

MINIMUM TEMPERATURE AT WHICH LIQUIDS GIVE OFF SUFFICIENT VAPOURS TO FORM A MOMENTARILY IGNITABLE MIXTURE WITH AIR

CLASSIFICATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AS PER PETROLEUM RULES 1976 CLASS A-HIGHLY FLAMMABLE (

FLAMMABILITY LIMITS LOWEST & HIGHEST % BY VOLOUME OF FUEL GAS TO AIR AT ONE ATMOSPHERE THAT WILL BURNH2 - 4 -75%NH3 - 15-28%CH4 - 5-15%ETHYLENE OXIDE- 3.6-100%C2H2 - 2.5-95%CO - 12.5-74%LPG - 1.8-8%GASOLINE - 1.4-76%ACETONE - 2.1-13%

AUTO IGNITION TEMPERATURE

LOWEST TEMPERATURE AT WHICH BURNING MAY START & CONTINUE WITH OUT APPLICATION OF EXTERNAL SPARK

IGNITION ENERGY

THE MINIMUM ENERGY OF A SPARK TO IGNITE THE FLAMMABLE MIXTURE IS CALLED IGNITION ENERGY

BURNING VELOCITY THE VELOCITY AT WHICH COMBUSTION WAVE PROPOGATES IS CALLED THE BURNING VELOCITY.

FIREFIRE PREVENTION- PREVENT THE STARTING OF FIRE BY INSPECTION,MOCK DRILLS,TRAINING & MANAGEMENT PROCEDURESFIRE PROTECTION (CONTROL)- DETECTION,EXTINGUISHMENT AND CONTROL OF FIRE SPREAD AFTER THE FIRE

FOUR STAGES OF FIREINCIPIENT STAGE:NO VISIBLE SMOKE,FLAME OR SIGNIFICANT HEAT(IONISATION DETECTORS)SMOULDERING STAGE:SMOKE STAGE,STILL NO FLAME OR SIGNIFICANT HEAT(PHOTO ELECTRIC DETECTORS)FLAME STAGE: FLAMES STARTS,SMOKE DECREASES,HEAT INCREASES(IR OR UV DETECTORS TO SENSE FLAMES)HEAT STAGE:LARGE AMOUNT OF HEAT,FLAMES,SMOKE & TOXIC GASES(THERMAL DETECTORS)

ELEMENTS OF FIRE PREVENTIONCONTROL ON FUELCONTROL ON HEATCONTROL ON OXIDISING AGENT

CONTROL ON FUELCHOSE LEAST FLAMMABLE MATERIALLIMITING INVENTORYSTORING WITH DUE REGARDS TO COMPATIBILITYPREVENT LOSS OF CONTAINMENT PREVENTING SPREADING OF VAPOURSENSURING INTEGRITY/STABILITY OF STRUCTURESDEVELOP SOPS/ WORK PERMIT SYSTEMPROPER LABELINGUNFAILINGLY APPLY SOPSENSURE PROPER VENTING

CONTROL ON FUELPLANNING FOR EMERGENCIESSAFE DISPOSAL OF SPILLSCOLLECTION PITS/ EMPTY TANKSIDENTIFICATION OF EMERGENCY TEAMSEMERGENCY DRILLS

CONTROL ON HEAT SOURCESISOLATEINSULATEWORK PRACTICES (PERMIT SYSTEMS)OVERLOADED ELECTRICAL CABLES MAINTENANCE OF MACHINESCHEMICAL REACTIONSZONE CLASSIFICATIONUSE OF NON SPARKING TOOLSSPONTANEOUS IGNITIONSMOKING

CONTROL ON HEAT SOURCESSTANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURESWORK PERMIT SYSTEMSUSE OF SPARK ARRESTERS (With caution)CONTROL ON STATIC CHARGE Proper earthingBondingHumidificationRadioactive dissipaters

CONTROL OF FIREFIRE EXTINGUISHING MEDIUMSWATERHALONSFOAMCO2DCPSPECIAL DRY POWDERS

CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE WHY ???CLASS A--------- SOLID COMBUSTIBLESCLASS B ---------- LIQUIDSCLASS C ----------- GASES CLASS D ----------- METALSCLASS E ----------- ELECTRICAL CONDUCTORS

USE OF VARIOUS FIRE EXTINGUISHING MEDIUMS ON DIFFERENT CLASSES OF FIRESWATER ADCP B C EHALONS B C EFOAMS BSPECIAL DRY POWDERS B C E CO2 B C E

FIRE LOADWT. OF COMBUSTIBLES (KG) X CALORIFIC VALUE (K CAL/KG)------------------------------------------------------FLOOR AREA UNDER CONSIDERATION (M2)EXPRESSED IN K CAL/M2AS PER BIS 1641-1960NOT EXCEEDING 2.5X10 5 K CAL/M 2 (LOW HAZARD)2.5X105- 5.5X10 5 K CAL /M 2 (MODERATE HAZARD)EXCEEDING 5.5X10 5 K CAL/M 2 (HIGH HAZARD) AS PER IS 1641-1989LH-LOW HAZARD, OH- ORDINARY HAZARDHH- HIGH HAZARD, SH- SPECIAL HAZARD

Fire Extinguisher Training

*FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

WATER (GAS CARTRIDGE) EXTINGUISHER

WATERCOOLING:HEAT IS ABSORBED BY WATER & FORM VAPOURDILUTION:WATER VAPOURS MIXES WITH FLAMMABLE GASES & WEAKEN FLAMESMOTHERING:WATER WHEN VAPOURISED EXPENDS 1700 TIMES,IF SUFFICIENT STEAM IS GENERATED OXYGEN IS DISPLACEDEMULSIFICATION: WATER MIX WITH OILS MAKES EMULSION

WATERADVANTAGECHEAPREADILY AVAILABLENON TOXICHIGH HEAT ABSORPTION CAPACITY DISADVANTAGESCAN NOT USED AT COLD REGIONSWEIGHTYCAN NOT USED WITH WATER SENSTIVE MATERIAL, FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS, ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS.

MECHANICAL FOAM EXTINGUISHER

CARBON DI-OXIDE EXTINGUISHER

DRY CHEMICAL POWDER EXTINGUISHER

DRY CHEMICAL POWDERSALKALI METAL SALTSSodium bicarbonate (Regular DCP)Potassium Carbamate (Monax)Potassium Chloride (Super K)Potassium bicarbonate (Purple K)Twice as effective as regular DCP and compatible with foamAMMONIUM SALTSMono Ammonium PhosphateLeaves a fire retardant layer of Metaphosphoric acid

HALONS (Halogenated Hydrocarbons)Carbon---1, Fluorine-----2, Chlorine-----3, bromine---4, Iodine------5

CHEMICAL NAMEFORMULAHALON No.Methyl BromideCH3Br1001Methyl IodideCH3I10001BromochloromethaneCH2BrCl1011DibromodifluromethaneCF2Br21202BromochorodifluromethaneCF2BrCl1211BromotrifluromethaneCF3Br1301Carbon TetrachlorideCCl4104DibromotetrafluroethaneC2F4Br22402

Influence of Halogen in Hydrocarbon

HalogenToxicityBoiling PointThermal StabilityFire Extinguishing EffectivenessFluorineReducesReducesIncreasesIncreasesChlorineIncreasesIncreasesReducesIncreasesBromineSame as chlorine but of greater degreeSame as chlorine but of greater degreeSame as chlorine but of greater degreeSame as chlorine but of greater degree

How to Use a Fire ExtinguisherIts easy to remember how to use a fire extinguisher if you remember the acronym PASS:PullAimSqueezeSweep

How to Use a Fire ExtinguisherPull the pinThis will allow you to discharge the extinguisher

How to Use a Fire ExtinguisherAim at the base of the fireHit the fuel.If you aim at the flames... the extinguishing agent will fly right through and do no good.

How to Use a Fire ExtinguisherSqueeze the top handleThis depresses a button that releases the pressurized extinguishing agent.

How to Use a Fire ExtinguisherSweep from side to side .. until the fire is completely out. Start using the extinguisher from a safe distance away, then slowly move forward.Once the fire is out, keep an eye on the area in case it re-ignites.

SELECTION OF LOCATIONSNATURE OF RISK TO BE COVEREDPLACED IN CONSPICUOUS POSITIONSREADILY ACCESSIBLE FOR IMMIDIATE USE(15 MTRS)NEAR TO EXITS & STAIR LANDS WITHOUT HINDERING ESCAPE ROUTESPROTECTION FROM HEAT COLD & CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENTLOCATION SHOULD BE DISPLAYED AT SUITABLE PLACES

ROLE OF INDIVIDUALSDONT PANIC,REMAIN CALMNOTIFY THE IMMIDIATE AREA & FIRE BRIGADERAISE FIRE ALARMTURN OFF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS IF POSSIBLESTAY AT THE PLACE FROM WHERE SAFE RETREAT IS POSSIBLESEE WIND DIRECTIONATTEMPT TO EXTINGUISH THE FIRE ONLY IF IT IS SAFE TO DO SO

ROLE OF INDIVIDUALSENSURE COMPLETE EXTINGUISHMENT OF FIRENEVER THROW EXTINGUISHERS INTO A FIRETAKE AFFECTED PERSONS TO A SAFER PLACE& GET MEDICAL HELP PROMPTLYGATHER AT DESIGNATED ASSEMBLY POINTS AND BE ACCOUNTED FORDONT GO BACK FOR YOUR VALUABLES IF YOU ARE ASKED TO LEAVE

SECTION 38 OF FACTORIES ACT 1948IN EVERY FACTORY ,ALL PRACTICABLE MEASURES SHALL BE TAKEN TO PREVENT OUT BREAK OF FIRE & ITS SPREAD BOTH INTERNALLY & EXTERNALLY.SAFE MEANS OF ESCAPE FOR ALL PERSONSNECESSARY EQUIPMENTS & FACILITIES FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRE2. TO ENSURE ALL WORKERS ARE FAMILIAR WITH ESCAPE ROUTES & TRAINED IN THE ROUTINE MANNER IN THE CASE OF FIRE

ANY QUESTIONS PLEASE ?????

THANK YOU