Fire Protection During Construction (BCD 235) · PDF fileNational Fire Protection Association 241 ... IFC©Chapter 33 addresses: • General fire safety precautions • Owner’s responsibilities

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Disclaimer: This Presentation was developed by a third party and is not funded by American Wood Council or the Softwood Lumber Board.

Fire Protection During Construction

(BCD 235)

Sponsored by Coalition for Construction Fire Safety

Coalition for Construction Fire Safety

Based on the 2015 International Fire Code® (IFC ®) and

National Fire Protection Association 241

“Standard for Safeguarding Construction, Alteration, and Demolition Operations”

Hosted by the American Wood Council

Fire Protection During Construction

(BCD 235)

Sponsored by Coalition for Construction Fire Safety

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This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of ICC and NFPA is prohibited.

Copyright Materials

© International Code Council 2017

© National Fire Protection Association 2017


Continuing Education• The American Wood Council is a

Registered Provider with the American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA-CES), Provider #50111237.

• Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available on request.

• This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.

• Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

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A group of global organizations interested in reducing the number, frequency and severity of unwanted fires that occur in properties under construction, alteration or demolition.

More info at http://www.constructionfiresafetypractices.com/



• American Wood Council

• International Code Council

• National Fire Protection Association

• National Fire Sprinkler Association

To join, contact Mr. Kenneth Bland at the American Wood Council. [email protected]

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Course Description

This 90-minute webinar will introduce attendees to:

• recent major fires and their causes,

• the many fire-related hazards that exist on a construction site,

• the ICC and NFPA requirements for fire protection safeguards during construction, and,

• solutions for developing simple fire safety strategies.

There also will be information on current building materials and construction industry efforts to reduce fire losses.


Today’s Presenters• Rob Neale

– Government Relations Vice President for National Fire Service Activities, ICC

• Guy R. Colonna, PE– Division Director, NFPA

• Allan Fraser, CBI, CPCA– Senior Building Code

Specialist, NFPA

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|Coalition for Construction Fire Safety

What is your profession?

a) Design or engineering professional

b) Project developer

c) Contractor

d) Code Official

e) Other


Webinar Objectives

Upon completion, you will be able to:• Identify recent major fires and their

reported causes

• Identify the I-Code regulations and linkage to NFPA 241 for fire safety during building construction alteration and demolitions

• Develop a model fire plan for buildings under construction, alteration or demolition

• Identify existing building materials and construction industry resources for training, education and mitigation

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In the last 12 months, how many reported fires have occurred in your jurisdiction in buildings under construction?

a) Zero

b) One to five

c) Five to 10

d) 10 to 20

e) More than 20


In the last 12 months, how many unreported fires do you suspect have occurred in your jurisdiction in buildings under construction?

a) Zero

b) One to five

c) Five to 10

d) 10 to 20

e) More than 20

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Significant Fires During Construction


Portland, OregonAugust 8, 2013

• Five-story 46-unit wood frame pedestal residential building

• 1.35 million gallons of water used

• Cause: Arson

San Francisco, CaliforniaMarch 11, 2014

• Cause: Hot work welding

• Loss: 172-unit apartment

• $40 million

• Contractor fined $1000

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Los Angeles: Da Vinci ApartmentsDecember 8, 2014

• Seven-floor wood frame • Cause: Arson

– Gasoline spread on fourth floor• Suspect pleaded no contest

– 15 years in prison– $100 million restitution


Chicago, ILJuly 22, 2016

• Existing fire-resistive construction

• Condo remodeling in progress

• Investigation continues

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High-Rises Under Construction

Miami, Florida

March 24, 2017

• Crews carried to 60th

floor

• Carried hoses up eight flights

• Temporary standpipe used

• Fire worsened by high winds

• Cause: undetermined

Denver, Colorado

September 21, 2016


New York CityNYU Langone Medical Center

• December 14, 2016

• 830,000 sq. ft. tower addition to fire-resistive, occupied hospital

• Fire controlled within an hour

• Cause: Roofing operation hot work

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Lynwood, WashingtonJanuary 25, 2017


Multi-Family Housing

Raleigh, North CarolinaMarch 16, 2017

Maplewood, New JerseyFebruary 4, 2017

• Five-alarm fire

• Evacuations and road closures– Radiant heat cracked glass

and set off fire sprinklers across the street

• Cause: Under investigation

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International Incidents

Abu Dhabi

August 30, 2016

Dubai

April 2, 2017

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College Park, MarylandApril 24, 2017

• Seven-story mixed use

– Retail/residential

• Sprinkler system installed, but not yet operational

• UMD closed, senior housing evacuated

• $39 million

• Cause: accidental

• Razing top five floors

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Overland Park, Kansas

March 21, 2017

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

April 30, 2017

• Eleven condos destroyed

• $5.5 M project

• No insurance

• Cause: arson


East Hollywood, CaliforniaJune 12, 2107

• Cause: Arson

• Suspect held on $75,00 bail

• Three-story apartment

• Spread to nearby house

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Boston, MassachusettsJune 28, 2017

• 83-unit apartment• Occupancy

due within 17 days• Sprinkler status

unknown• Six-alarm fire

• Large-scale fire response

• Remains under investigation

Photo credit: Boston.cbs.local.com


Oakland, CaliforniaJuly 7, 2017

• The Waverly

– Seven story, mixed use

• Construction crane collapse risk

– Spinning in thermal column

• 100 neighbors evacuated

• Open investigationPhoto credit: Laura A. Oda/Bay Area News Group

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Fire Protection Approaches


Which of the following public safety officials has visited your most recent construction site most often?

a) Neighborhood fire fighters

b) Fire inspectorc) Building inspectord) Law enforcemente) Other

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Fire Protection Approaches

• Hazard awareness and mitigation planning

• Ignition prevention

• Hazardous/combustible materials controls

• Fire protection equipment access

• Fire department access and water supply


In your opinion, who is responsible for construction site fire safety?

a) Individual workers

b) Sub-trade contractors

c) General contractor

d) Project owner

e) None of the above

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Risk AssessmentHazards

• Fire

• Explosion

• Fall/Injury

• Natural hazards

• Hazardous material spill or release

• Arson/Political terrorism

• Utility outage

• Weather

• Equipment breakdown

At-Risk Assets

• People

• Property

• On- and off-site

• Supply chain

• Systems/Equipment

• Business operations

• Reputation management

• Regulatory or contractual obligations

• Environment

Consequences

• Casualties

• Property damage

• Off-site consequences

• Project interruption

• Customer loss

• Financial loss

• Insurance loss

• Environmental contamination

• Lost confidence

• Fines and penalties

• Lawsuits


Hazard Awareness

• Construction hazards

– OSHA safety plans

• Life safety

• Fire protection

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International Code Council©

IFC© Chapter 33 addresses:

• General fire safety precautions

• Owner’s responsibilities

• Means of egress

• Hazardous materials control

• Fire apparatus access and water supply

• Fire protection systems and equipment

• Links to NFPA 241 Standard for Safeguarding Construction, Alteration, and Demolition Operations

IBC © Chapter 33 addresses:

• Safeguards during construction

• Fire extinguishers

• Standpipes

• Sprinklers

• Fire protection water supplies

• Means of egress

• Pedestrian protection


IFC © Scope

• Structures during construction, alteration, demolition, including those in underground locations

• Compliance with NFPA 241 required for items not mentioned

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NFPA 241

Provides measures for preventing or minimizing fire damage to structures, including those in underground locations, during construction, alteration, or demolition.


Owner’s Responsibility

Owner-designated Fire Prevention Program Superintendent responsible for:

• Pre-fire planning with local fire service

• Training personnel in fire protection equipment use

• Supervising hot work permit program

• Verifying fire protection devices and equipment maintained and serviced

• Monitoring fire protection system impairments

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Ignition Control


Waste Disposal

• Regular debris removal

• Rubbish containers more than 40 gallons:

– Tight-fitting or self-closing lid, and,

• Non-combustible (metal)

• Low combustible plastic

• Spontaneous ignition materials

– Listed container

• No on-site burning unless approved

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Construction Material

• Combustibles in or near buildings– Accident, vandalism or arson target

– Opportunity for fire spread


Ignition Control

• Open flame

• Smoking

• Cooking

• Hot work

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Temporary Heating

• Listed and labeled for application

• Approved fuels

– Kerosene or waste oil

– LP Gas

• 300 lbs LPG per floor

• 1,000 lbs total

• Refer to NFPA 58, LP Gas Code

• Clearance from combustibles and cylinders


Temporary Electrical

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Motorized Equipment


Roofing Operations• Asphalt (tar) kettles

– 20 feet from combustibles– 10 feet from fuel source– Fire extinguishers at kettle and

on roof– Competent operator within100

feet

• Hi-Boys– Non-combustible– Maximum 55 gallon capacity– No attached fuel or heat

source

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Hazardous and Combustible Material Controls


Flammable/Combustible Liquids

• Obtain hazard information from Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

• Keep quantities small

• Monitor ignition sources

• Provide adequate ventilation

• Keep storage areas clean

• Use safety containers

• Provide portable fire extinguishers

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Flammable Gases

• Monitor ignition sources– Spark, arc or open flame– Grounding– Smoking

• Keep storage areas clean– Keep valves in upright

position– Prevent falling

• Provide portable fire extinguishers

• Pipe cleaning and purging


Explosives and Blasting Agents

• Qualified blasters

• Permits/insurance

• Fire hose required for blasting during demolition operations

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Explosives: On-site Storage

• Approved magazines

– Separation distances

• Warning signs

Fire Protection Equipment Access

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• Each stairway

• All floor levels with accumulated combustibles

Portable Fire Extinguishers


Standpipes and Sprinklers• Standpipes

– Prior to 40’ height above lowest level of fire vehicle access

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Fire Department Access and Water Supply


Fire and Emergency Access

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Fire Protection Water Supplies


Fire Protection Impairments

• Impairment coordinator

• Tag system to identify systems out of service

• Notify:

– Fire department

– Alarm company

– Insurance carrier

– Owner

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Model Fire Prevention Plans


Model Fire Prevention Plans

Characteristics

• Owner’s responsibility

• Scalable

• Easily accessible

• Easy to understand

• Familiar to principles– General contactor– Sub-trades– Building Code official– Fire Code official– Fire service

Contents• Hazard assessment

• Emergency procedures

• Training requirements

• Responsible personnel

• Firefighting equipment and locations

• Hot work permitting

• Haz mat storage guidance

• Impairment plans

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Questions?


Hot Work Safety

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Which form of hot work below contributes most frequently to hot work caused fires in homes?

a) Welding

b) Hot riveting

c) Grinding

d) Soldering

e) Drilling and tapping


Why?

• March 26, 2014 Back Bay Fire (Beacon Street)

• Loss of life of two members of Boston Fire Department – Lt. Ed Walsh and Firefighter Michael Kennedy

• Cause of fire = unpermitted (and careless) hot work

• BFD committed to changing practice through regulation and training

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Structure Fires Caused by Hot Work (9/2016)

• U.S. fire departments responded to an average of 4,400 fires involving hot work per year

• Welding torches involved in 34% of hot work structure fires

• Soldering equipment involved in 34% of hot work fires in homes

• 58% of hot work structure fires occurred in or on non-home properties


What? A true partnership

• NFPA, BFD, and Boston Inspectional Services Division (ISD) began discussions in June 2015 and a plan was outlined in August 2015

• NFPA developed objectives for training as BFD and ISD assisted with content review

• On-line and instructor-led program development completed in 2015

• Boston Metropolitan Building Trades Council

• Ordinance signed by Mayor of Boston

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How? NFPA Hot Work SafetyCertification• Ordinance issued June 2, 2016

• Requires compliance with NFPA 51B and MA Comprehensive Fire Safety Code

• Expands definition of hot work beyond just welding and cutting

• Requires all persons engaged in hot work operations on the work site to hold NFPA Hot Work Safety Certification


Typical Hot Work

• Welding

• Cutting

• Grinding

• Soldering

• Brazing

• Heat Treating

• Hot riveting

• Thawing pipe

• Drilling and tapping

• Powder-driven fasteners

• Torch-applied roofing (see NFPA 241) including tar kettles, melters, hock heaters

• Similar applications that produce or use spark, flame or heat

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Who?

• Organized labor – through Building Trades Council training presented to 14 locals operating in the city

• Public – collaboration between union and NFPA staff instructors to reach non-organized contractors

• Instructors – through train-the-trainer sessions over 200 trained instructors

• Participants – since October 2016 over 16,000 trained


How? Course Content Overview

• Hot work definition – flames, sparks, or heat

• Hot work safety team – supervisor, hot work operator, fire watch

• Job site planning – hazards of types of hot work and ignitable materials identified plus safeguards to eliminate or minimize those hazards

• Permit process – AHJ and/or company-specific permit

• EVERYONE is responsible for safety on the site!

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What’s Next?

• MA Governor established a commission through Office of SFM

– Some MA communities expressing interest in similar program

• Working with organizations in MA with national reach

• Other jurisdictions inquiring through BFD about the program

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NFPA 241, Standard for Safeguarding Construction, Alteration, and Demolition Operations

• Includes torch applied roofing, a form of hot work.


History of NFPA 241

• Timeline

– 1930

– 1933

– 1942

– 1957

– 1958

– 1968

– 1973

Began in 1930

Adopted w/revisions, in 1933

Tentative revision published

Tentative text in 1957

Adopted 1958

Complete revision adopted

Complete revision adopted

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History of NFPA 241

• Timeline

– 1975

– 1980

– 1986

– 1989

Editorial revision for conformance with NFPA Manual of Style.

Reconfirmed

Complete rewrite of format, added 20 references, plus

Rewrite of roofing operations, appendix items on torch-applied roofing and new chapter on underground operations was added.


History of NFPA 241

• Timeline

– 1993

– 1996

– 2000

– 2004

– 2009

– 2013

Reformatting and clarifications.



Eliminate exceptions, reverse units of measure per MOS

Add 2-hour fire watch following torch applied roofing operations, provisions for exterior trash chutes.

Add req. for temp. heating eq., add items fire safety program, update references for underground air quality.

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Timeline Reference

• 1896 NFPA Founded

• 1897 National Electrical Code

• 1905 National Board of Fire Underwriters –”Recommended National Building Code.”

• 1913 NFPA Building Exit Code (Now NFPA101 - Life safety Code

• 1927 Pacific Coast Building Officials conference - Uniform Building Code. (ICBO now part of ICC)

• 1933 NFPA 241 Recommended Good Practice Requirements for Building Construction Operations.


Timeline Reference

• 1945 The Southern Building Code Congress International - Standard Building Code. (SBCCI now part of ICC)

• 1950 The Building Officials Conference of America –Basic Building Code. (BOCA now part of ICC)

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Analogy

The five-alarm fire at Wood Partners' Fuse 47 in College Park caused $39M in damage.


Danger Exacerbated By:

• Portable/movable ignition sources

• Use by people

• Lack of overall training and understanding of:

– Surroundings,

– Materials

– Fire prevention and

– Fire fighting

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The Causes Haven't Changed Significantly!

1933 in New York City Today

Salamanders 37 26.8% 31%

Gas explosions 2 1.4%

Spontaneous ignition 1 0.7%

Acetylene torch 25 18.1% 28%

Electrical 6 4.3% 13%

Tar or pitch kettle 6 4.3%

Forge 2 1.2% Not used today

Smoking 10 7.2% 11%

Hot rivets 10 7.2% Not used today

Miscellaneous known causes 8 5.8%

Unknown 31 22.4% 28%

Total 138 100%

nfpa.org 80

NFPA 241-1933 (12 pages, no references) NFPA 241-2013 (21 pages, 19 mandatory references)Scope.no references Chapter 1 Administration (A.1.1, A.1.3.1, A.1.3.2)

Scaffolding. 8.2 Scaffolding, Shoring, and Forms. (A.8.2, A.8.2.5)

Flameproofed Wood. 8.7 Fire Protection During ConstructionWooden Forms. 8.2 Scaffolding, Shoring, and Forms.

Wind Breakers. 4.3 Temporary Enclosures.

Salamanders and Heaters. 5.2 & 10.3 Temporary Heating Equipment.Tarpaulins. 4.3 Temporary Enclosures.Fusion Welding and Cutting Processes. 5.1 Hot WorkGasoline and Other Volatiles. 5.5 Flammable and Combustible Liquids and Flammable Gases

Smoking in Hazardous Locations. 5.3 SmokingTar Kettles. 9.2 Asphalt and Tar Kettles.Hoists. 7.5.7 Hoists and Elevators. Hoisting Machinery. 7.5.7 Hoists and Elevators. Elevators. 7.5.7 Hoists and Elevators. Stairs. 7.2.5 Site SecurityFireproofing. 8.7 Fire Protection During ConstructionStorage of Materials. 8.3 Construction Material and Equipment StorageWorkmen's Shanties. 4.2 Temporary Offices and Sheds.

Standpipes 7.6 StandpipesFirst Aid Fire Appliances. 7.7 * First-Aid Fire-Fighting Equipment.Access to Fire Extinguishing Equipment. 7.7.6 *Heating Apparatus. 8.4 Permanent Heating EquipmentElectrical Equipment. 11.4 ElectricalWatch Service. 7.2.5 Site SecurityDisposal of Waste. 5.4 Waste DisposalFire Warden. 7.1 Fire Safety Program.

Demolition or Extensive Alterations. Chapter 10 Safeguarding Demolition Operations

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The Keys to Success:

• Fire prevention program manager

• Pre-fire plans

• Constant vigilance


Suggested order of Use Priority

• Chapters 7 – Fire Protection

• Chapter 8 – Safeguarding Construction and Alteration Operations

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• Chapter 4 – Temporary Construction,

Equipment and Storage

• Chapter 5 – Process and Hazards

• Chapter 9 – Roofing Operations



• Chapters 10 – Safeguarding

Demolition Operations

• Chapter 11 – Safeguarding

Underground Operations

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Referenced Standards (20 NFPA Standards)

• NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, 2013 edition.

• NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2013 edition.

• NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems, 2013 edition.

• NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, 2012 edition.

• NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment, 2011 edition.

• NFPA 51, Standard for the Design and Installation of Oxygen–Fuel Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes, 2013 edition.

• NFPA 51B, Standard for Fire Prevention During Welding, Cutting, and Other Hot Work, 2009 edition.

• NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code, 2012 edition.

• NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code, 2011 edition.

• NFPA 70® , National Electrical Code®, 2011 edition.

• NFPA 70E® , Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace®, 2012 edition.

• NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives, 2013 edition.

• NFPA 101 ® , Life Safety Code®, 2012 edition.

• NFPA 130, Standard for Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems, 2010 edition.

• NFPA 211, Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents, and Solid Fuel–Burning Appliances, 2013 edition.

• NFPA 495, Explosive Materials Code, 2013 edition.

• NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films, 2010 edition.

• NFPA 704, Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response, 2012 edition.

• NFPA 1963, Standard for Fire Hose Connections, 2009 edition.

NFPA

• For more information on the codes and standards discussed or training, please go to www.nfpa.org.

nfpa.org 86

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Additional Resources

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Additional Resources

• OSHA/State worker safety agencies

• National Safety Council

• Contact your local fire or building code official


Questions?

This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems course.

International Code Council

www.iccsafe.org

National Fire Protection Association

www.nfpa.org

Documents

Fire Protection During Construction (BCD 235) · PDF fileNational Fire Protection Association 241 ... IFC©Chapter 33 addresses: • General fire safety precautions • Owner’s responsibilities