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Report
On
Fire Protection Facilities
For
Petroleum Depots, Terminals, Pipeline Installations
And
Lube Oil Installations
- By OISD
(March 2007)
FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIESFOR
PETROLEUM DEPOTS, TERMINALS, PIPELINE INSTALLATIONSAND
LUBE OIL INSTALLATIONS
CONTENTS
SECTION
1020303 13.2334041424344454647505 1526061627080818.28.38485868.790
ANNEXURE
12.
34.
5
DESCRIPTION
IntroductionScopeDefinitionsPetroleum Depots, Terminals & a,l InstallationsClassification of Petroleum ProductsFlash POintFire Protection FacilitiesGeneralConslderatlonDesign Criteria of Fire Protection SystemFire Water SystemFoam SystemClean Agent Fire Protection SystemFirst Aid Fire Fighting EquipmentMobile Fire Fighting EquipmentFire Alarm/Communication SystemCommunication SystemFire Alarm SystemFire Safety OrganlZatlonlTralningOrganizationTrainingFire Emergency ManualFire Protection System, Inspection & TestingFire Water PumpsFire Water Ring MainFire Water Spray SystemFixed/ Semi Fixed Foam SystemClean Agent Fire Pro:ectlon SystemHosesCommunication SystemReference
Sample Calculation of Fire Water Flow Rate for Storage TanksSample Calculation of Fire Water Flow Rate for POL Tank WagonLoading GantryBrief Description of Fire Fighting Foams.Typical Example for Calculation of Foam Compound ReqUIrement LargeFloating Roof Tank After Sinking of Roof.TYPical System of Automatic Actuated Foam Flooding System for RimSeal of Larger Floatlr.g Roof Tanks.
FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIESFOR
PETROLEUM DEPOTS, TERMINALS AND PIPELINE/LUBE OIL INSTALLATIONS
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The petroleum depots, terminals &plpeline/lube 011 Installations aregenerally located In the remoteareas and near railway sidingsHowever, the experience shows thatwith the passage of time, these getsurrounded by resldential/lndustnalinstallations The Inventory offlammable materials stored thereinnecessitates Inbullt fire protectionfacilities
covered In 0ISD-STD-144, also-STO-150 or 0ISO-STO-169 as thecase may be
illl Drilling rigs, Work over rigs andProduction Installations (GGSiOCS,GCPIGCS, EPS, QPSIWHI etc)which are covered In OISO-STD-189
IV) Port all Terminals for which also-$TO-156 shall be referred
v) Control Room Building & ElectncalInstallations shall be prOVidedas per0ISO-$TO-163 & 173 respectively,
It can be Impractical andprohibitively costly to deSign fireprotection facilities to controlcatastrophiC fires The usualrequirement of a good system IS toprevent emergencies fromdeveloping into major threat to theoil Installation and surroundings
2.0 SCOPE
21 This standard tays down theminimum requirement of fireprotection facilities at PetroleumDepots, Terminals, PipelineInstallations With or WithoutStorages, Central Tank Farms(CTF) Lube a,l Installations,Grease Manufactunng & FillingFaCllilies
2 2 ThiS standard does not cover the fireprotection faCilities for ,-
23
3.0
It IS not intended that the prOVISionsas speCified in this reVised standardshould be applied ngldly to eXistingpremises. However, theseproviSions shall be reviewedconsidenng various hazards forImplementalion where for a varietyof reasons, it may not be practicableto comply with ThiS standard shallbe applicable in selectiveImplementation of therecommendations at such locationsfor which a SUitable structuredapproach should be adopted to carryout the review at site consldenngvarious hazards. However, theadditional reqUirements shall beapplicable to all new locationsconceived after publication of thenew edition.
DEFINITIONS
A portion of the property, wherecombustible/flammable liqUids arereceived by tanker, pipelines, tankwagons, tank trucks and are storedor blended in bulk for the purpose ofdistribution by tankers, pipelines,
I) Depots, Terminals/lnstallalions InRefineries and/or a,l/GasProcessing Plants under the samemanagement and In ctose proximityfor which 0ISO-STO-116 shall bereferred
II) Instaltatlons handling liquefiedPetroleum Gas (LPG) Storage,Handling and Bottling The same are
3.1 PETROLEUMTERMINAS
DEPOTS &
likely to be refined, blended orstored at above its flash pOint.
For classlflcation and e~tent ofhazardous area, refer 'ThePetroleum Rules - 2002".
tank wagons, tank trucks, portabletanks or containers
3.1.1 PIPELINE INSTAllATIONS
Pipeline Installations are thosefacilities on cross-country pipelineswhich have pumping and/or deliverystation with or without storages
3,2 CLASSIFICATIONPETROLEUM PRODUCTS
OF
General Classification
Excluded Petroleum meanspetroleum having a flash pointabove 23'C and above.
Petroleum Class B meanspetroleum having a flash pOint ofn'c and above but below 6S'('
Petroleum Class C meanspetroleum having a flash point of6S'C and above but below 93'(,
A meansflash point
Petroleum Classpetroleum having abelow 23'(,
Petroleum means any liqUidhydrocarbon Or ml~ture ofhydrocarbons and any Inflammableml~ture (liquid, viscous or solid)containing any liquid hydrocarbon.
Petroleum products other than LPGwhich IS a separate category, areclassified according to their closedcup Flash Poinl as follows
3.2.1
3.2.2
The facilities meant for receipt,storage and blending of base oils &additives Into finished Lubeproducts. It Includes lube-blendingplants, grease manufactUring plants& small can filling plants
These are the facilities such asControl Room Building, Sub-Slatlon,Diesel Generator (with dieselstorage tank). & AdministrativeBuilding, etc. provided in PetroleumDepots, Terminals and PipelineInstallations
The facilities where ATF is receivedby tank wagons, tank trucks &pipeline and stored In bulk fordispatch of product by refuellers &pipeline It include also storage ofMethanol/AVGAS & other addilivesin drums.
3.1.2 lUBE Oil INSTAllATIONS
3.1.3 AVIATION FUllEING STATIONS
3.1.4 INFRASTRUCTUREIOTHERFACILITIES
Flash Point of any petroleummeans the lowest temperature atwhich it Yields a vapor which will givea momentary flash when Ignited
The locations where product ishandled by artificially heating it toabove it's flash pOint, Class Cproduct shall be considered as
3.1.5 HARZARDOUS AREA
An area will be deemed to behazardous where-
Petroleum haVing flash pOint below65'C or any flammable gas or vaporin a concentration capable of ignitionISlikely to be present
Petroleum or any flammable liqUidhaVing flash point above 65'C IS
3.2.3 Classification forPetroleum Products
Heated
4.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
4.1.1 layout
3.3
4.0
Class B product and Class Bproduct as Class A product
GENERAL TERMINOLOGY
Clean agent electrically non·conductive, volatile or gaseous fireextingulshants that does not leave areSidue upon evaporation and meetsthe reqUirements given In the latestNFPA 2001 on clean agent fireextinguishing systems in line Withenvironmental consideration ofKyoto Protocol
Shall Indicate that provIsion ISmandatory
Should Indicate that provision ISrecommendatory as per goodengineering practices
May indicate that provision ISoptional
FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES
The fire protection philosophy ISbased on loss prevention & controlIt considers that a depot/terminal,carries an Inherent potential hazarddue to flammable nature ofpetroleum products stored therein. Afire In one facility can endangerother facility of the depot/terminal. Ifnot controlled/extinguished asqUickly as possible to minimize theloss of life & property and preventfurther spread of fire
The Size of product storage &handling faCilities. their localion andterrain determine the baSIC fireprotection reqUirements.
layout of a depot or terminal.pipeline Installation. lube 011
Installation. grease manufacturing &filling faCilities and handlingldisposalsystem of blow down, drain fromeqUipment handling flammableliqUids shall be done in accordanceWith 0ISO·STO·118 & OISO·STD.109 as applicable
SpeCial consideration should begiven In the plant layout & productline layout for heated products lineslaid alongside the pipeline carryinglighter petroleum products.
4.1.2 FIRE PROTECTION
Depending on the nature of risk.follOWing fire protection facilitiesshall be provided in the Installation
• Fire Water System.• Foam System• Clean Agent Protection System• First Aid Fire Fighting
Equipment• Mobile Fire Fighting Equipment.• Fire Detection, Alarm &
Communication System.
4.2 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR FIREPROTECTION SYSTEM
4.2.1 Facilrlles shall be designed on thebaSISthat city fire water supply is notavailable close to the Installation.
4.2.2 One Single largest risk shall beconsidered for providing faCilities
4.2.3 The hazardous areas shall beprotected by a well laid combinationof hydrants & monitors. ThefollOWing installations are exemptedfrom this provision'-
I) The Installation haVing aggregateabove ground storage capacity ofless than 1000 KL (ClassA+B+C)other than AFS.
Ii) Pipeline installation having onlyscrapper stations or sectlonallzlngvalve stations.
4,2,4 Tank Wagon (TW)lTank Truck (TT)loading/unloading facilities, Manifoldarea of product pump house &Exchange pit shall be fully coveredwith a well laid out combination ofhydrants and water-cum-foammonitors.
4,2,5 The Installations storing Class Apetroleum In above ground tanksshall have fixed water spray system
However, Installations above 1000KL storage fulfilling the followingboth conditions are exempted fromthe provIsion of fixed water spraysystem -
• Aggregate above groundstorage of Class A & 8petroleum up to 5000 KL
• Floating roof tank storing ClassA petroleum haVing diameter upto 9 rn
4,2,6 Class '8' above ground Petroleumstorage tanks of diameter largerthan 30 m shall be provided withfixed water spray system
4,2,7 When Class A & B above groundstorage tanks are placed In acommon dyke, the fixed waterspray system shall be provided onall tanks except for small terminalsas mentioned In 4.2.6
4,2,8 TW loading gantries shall beprovided with manually operatedfixed water spray system. In caseautomatic fixed water spray systemIS provided, the gantry may bedivided Into sUitable number ofsegments (each segment haVingmin. length of 15 m length & width of12 m) and three segments operatingat a time shall be considered asSingle risk for calculating the waterreqUIrement.Accordingly, a provision shall bemade to actuate the water spraysystem from a safe approachable
central location i.e affected zoneand adjoining zones
4,2,9 The fixed water spray system shallalso be provided on all tanksirrespective of diameter where Interdistances between tanks In a dykeand/or within dykes are not meetingthe reqUIrements of 0ISD-STO-118
4,2,10 Fixed foam system or Semi-fixedfoam system with foam trolley/sshall be provided on tanks (floatingroof or fixed roof) exceeding 18 mdiameter storing Class A or Class 8petroleum.
4-2,11 Portable foam and/or water-cum-foam mOnitors shall be provided forsuppression of pool fire In tank farmarea
4,2,12 Automatic actuated rim seal fireextinguishing system may beprovided based on foam or cleanagent flooding mechanism onfloating roof tanks having diameterlarger than 60 m
ThiS is in addition to the fixed waterspray system and Fixed foamsystem or Semi-fixed foam systemon all floating roof tanks storingClass A & 8 petroleum.
Foam Flooding System Selectionand deSign of foam based floodingsystem should be as defined inlatest "Standard for Foam Systems -NFPA-11A".
Clean Agent Flooding SystemSelection and deSign of clean agentbased flooding system should be inline with the "Standard on CleanAgent Fire Extinguishing Systems -NFPA 2001 (latest Edition).
The clean agent should also complywith the reqUirements of "OzoneDepletion Substances Regulation &Control Rules - 2000, Ministry of
Forests,
4.2.13
EnVifonment &Government of India
The listed clean agents likeT riflurolodide & F/uroketone can beused as fire suppressant for floatingroof rim seal fire protection and Incontrol room/computer room/pressunzed room fire protectionrespectively
The clean agent based protectionsystem consists of an in-built firedetection. control and actuationmechanism If a rrm seal fire occurs.its heat causes one or more spraynozzles to open and theextinguishing gas (clean agent) ISapplied on the surface of fire andSimultaneous alarm ISalso soundedRefer (Annexure-V) for a typicalsystem of automatic nm seal frreprotection uSing ctean agent
The follOWing additionalrequirements shall be apphcable tothe installations located In lighteningprone areas & where inter distancesbetween tanks In a tank dyke andlorWithin tank dykes are not conformingto the proVISionsof 0ISo-STo-118
• Double seal of appropnatematenal for all sizes of floatingroof tanks storrng Class Apetroleum .
• Automatic actuated nm seal fireprotection system based onfoam or clean agent for tankshaVing diameter more than 60 mand storrng Class A petroleum.
4.2.16 Clean Agent (Halon substitute)based flooding system may beconsidered for control rooms.computer rooms and pressurizedrooms In major locations havingautomated pipeline receipt/dispatchandlor TW/TT loading faCilities.
Selection of clean agent and designof fire protection system for controlrooms, computer rooms andpressunzed rooms should follow theStandard on "Clean AgentExtinguishing systems NFPAStandard 2001 (Edition 2004)Including its safety guidelines Withrespect to "Hazards to Personnel".electrrcal clearance andenvrronmental factors In hne WithenVifonmental conSiderations ofKyoto Protocol Clean agent likeInert gas, Fluroketone can be usedas fire suppressant In control rooms,computer rooms and pressunzedrooms
4.3 FIRE WATER SYSTEM
Water IS used for fireextinguishments, fire control, coohngof equipment exposure protection ofequipment and personnel from heatradiation.
The fire water ring main shall beprovided all around perrmeter of theinstallation With hydrants/monitorsspaced at Intervals not exceeding 30m when measured aerially.
4.2,14 As an additional requirement,fixed foam system or semi-fixedfoam system With foam trolleylsshall also be prOVided on all tanksirrespective of diameter where Interdistances between tanks In a tankdyke andlor Within tank dykes arenot meeting the requirements of0ISo-STo-118.
4.2.15 Water spray system shall beprovided on TW loading gantry
4.3.1 Components of Fire WaterSystem
The main components of the systemare Fire Water Storage, Fire WaterPumps and Distribution PipingNetwork.
4.3.2 Basis
The frre water system In anInstallation shall be deSigned to
4.3.2.1 Design Flow Rate
meet the fire water flow reqUirementto fight single largest nsk at a time.
I) Fire water flow rate for a tank farmshall be aggregate of the follOWing
•
•
•
Water flow calculated for cooling atank on fife at a rate of 3 Ipm/m' oftank shell area
Water flow calculated for exposureprotection for all other tanks failingwithin a radius of (R +30)m fromcentre of the tank on fife (R-Radlusof tank on fife) and situated in thesame dyke at a rate of 3 Ipm/m' oftank shell area
Water flow calculated for exposureprotection for all other tanks failingoutSide a radius of (R+30)m fromcentre of the tank on fife andsituated In the same dyke at a rateof 1 Ipm/m' of tank shell area
shall be at a rate of 10.2 Ipm/m' Incase the penpheral distancebetween any two of the abovefacilities ISless than 15 m, It shall beconSidered as single nsk for thecalculation of fire water requirement
ill) Fife water flow rate for TW loadjnggantry (Refer Annexure - II) andproduct pump house in a depot orterminal shall be calculated at a rateof@ 102 Ipm/m2
However, If pump house of volatileproductls IS located under pipe rackfife water flow rate shall becalculated at a rate of 20.4 Ipm/m2
IV) Fife water flow rate forsupplementary streams shall bebased on using 4 Single hydrantoutlets and 1 monitorsimultaneously Capacity of eachhydrant outlet as 36 m3/hr and ofeach monitor as 144 m3/hrminimum may be conSidered at apressure of 7 kg/cm2g.
• For water flow calculations, all tanksfarms h~vlng class A or B petroleumstorage shall be conSideredirrespective of diameter of tanks andwhether fixed water spray system isprovided or not
The deSign fife water rate shall bethe largest of [4321 (I)J, [4.3.2.1(l1)J, [4.32.1 (IIi)], or [43.2.1 (Iv)].(Refer Annexure-I)
4.3.3 Header Pressure
• Waler flow required for applYingloam on a Single largest tank by wayof fixed foam system, whereprovided, or by use of water/foammomtors (Refer section 448 forfoam solution application rates)
Fife water system shall be designedfor a minimum reSIdual pressure of7 kg/cm2(g) at hydraulicallyremotest pOint In the installationconsldenng single largest nskscenario.
• Various combinations shall beconsidered in Ihe tank larm lorarnvlng at different fire water flowrate and the largest rate to beconsidered for deSign
II) Fife water flow rate for pump houseshed, scrapper area, metenng area,flltenng area & manifold area atCraSs country pipeline Installations
4.3.4 Storage
Water for the fire fighting shall bestored in any eaSily accessiblesurface or underground or aboveground tanks of steel, concrete ormasonry .
The effective capacity of thereservolf/tank above the level of
suction pOint shall be minimUm 4hours aggregate rated capacity ofpumps However. where reliablemake up water supply is 50% ormore of design flow rate. the storagecapacity may be reduced to 3 hoursaggregate rated capacity of pumps
Fresh water should be used for firefighting purposes. /n case sea wateror treated effluent water IS used forfire fighting purposes. the material ofthe pipe selected shall be sUitablefor the service
The installation shall have facilitiesfor receiving and diverting all thewater coming to the installation tofife water storage tanks in case ofan emergency
Storage reservoir shall be In twoequal Interconnected compartmentsto faCilitate cleaning and repairs. Incase of steel tanks there shall beminimum two tanks each having 50% of required capacity.
Large natural reservolfs haVingwater capacity exceeding 10 timesthe aggregate water requirement offire pumps may be left unlined
4.3.5 Fire Water Pumps
(I) Fire water pumps haVing floodedsuction shall be installed to meet thedeSign fire water flow rate and head
/f fire water is stored in undergroundtanks. an overhead water tank ofsufficient capacity shall be providedfor flooded suction and accountingfor leakages in the network. If any
(ii) The pumps shall be capable ofdischarging 150% of its rateddischarge at a minimum of 65% ofthe rated head. The Shut-off headshall not exceed 120% of rated headfor hOrizontal centrifugal pumps and140% for vertical turbine pump
(Iii) At/east one standby fire water pumpshall be provided up to 2 nos. ofmain pumps. For main pumps 3 nos.and above, minimum 2 nos. standbypumps of the same type, capacity &head as the main pumps shall beprovided.
(IV) The fire water pump(s) including thestandby pump(s) shall be of dieselengine driven type Where electricsupply IS reliable 50% of the pumpsmay be €Iectric driven. The dieselengines shall be qUick starting typewith the help of push buttons locatedon or near the pumps or located at aremote location Each engine shallhave an Independent fuel tankadequately Sized for 6 hourscontinuous running of the pump
(vi Fife water pumps & storage shallbe located at 30 m (minimum)away from equipment or wherehydrocarbons are handled orstored
(Vi) Fire water pumps shall beexclusively used for fire fightingpurpose only
(VII) Suction and discharge valves of firewater pumps shall be kept fullopen all the times.
(Viii) The fire water network shall be keptpressurized by static water tank orJockey pump( s)
(ix) In case jockey pump is used forpressurrzation. a standby jockeypump of similar type. capacity &head shall be prOVided
4.3.6 Fire Water Network
(i) Looping
The fire water network shall be laidin closed loops as far as possible toensure multi-directional flow in thesystem. Isolation valves shall be
provided in the network to enableIsolation of any section of thenetwork without affecting the flow Inthe rest. The Isolation valves shallbe located normally near the loopJunctions. Additional valves shall beprovided In the segments where thelength of the segment exceeds 300m.
(ii) Above I Underground Network
The fire water ring mains shall belaid above ground at least at aheight of 300 mm above finishedground level
• For rail crossIng. proVIsionsstipulated by Indian Railways shallbe compiled,
• The ufg ring main shall beprotected against SOilcorrosion bysuitable coalingfwrapPlng orcathodiC protection wherevercathodiC proteclion already existsfor protection of other pipelinessystem
• Pipe supports under the pipe lineshall be SUitable for soliconditions.
jii) Support & Protection of aboveground pipelines
However, the ring main may be laidunderground at the following places
If fire water ring mains are laidunderground, the following shall beensured -
• Road crossings• Places where above ground piping
IS likely to cause obstruction tooperalion and vehicle movement
• Places where above ground pipingIS likely to get damagedmechanically
• Where frost conditions warrant andambient temperature IS likely to fallsubzero, under ground piping shallbe laid at least 1 m below thefinished grade level to avoid freeZingof water Alternatively, watercirculation may be carried out In theabove ground pipelines or any othersUitablemeans.
ii) Protectionpipeline
of underground
The mains shall be supported atregular Intervals not exceeding 6en. For pipeline size less than 150NB, support Interval shall notexceed 3 m
The pipe support shall have onlypOintcontact.
The system for above groundportion shall be analyzed forfleXibility against thermalexpansion and necessaryexpansion loops, guidesfcrossgUides and supports prOVided.
(iv) Sizing of pipeline
Fire water ring main shall be sizedfor 120% of the design water flowrate Design flow rates shall bedistributed at nodal pOints to givethe most realistiC way of waterreqUirements In an emergency Itmay be necessary to assumeseveral combinations of flowrequirement for deSign of network
• The ring main shall have at least 1m earth cushion in open ground, 15m cushion under the road crossingsand in case of crane movement areapipeline may be protected withconcretefsteel encasement as perdeSign requirement
In case of sea water service, thefire water main pipes shall beconcrete mortar lined internally orother SUitable coating matenalshall be used
The stand post for hydrants andmonitors shall be Sized to meetthe respective deSign water flowrates
Iv) General
Conneclions for fixed water monitorson the network shall be providedwith independent Isolation valves
Fire water mains shall not passthrough bUildings or dyke areas
In case of underground mains theisolation valves shall be located InRCC/bnck masonry chamber ofsUitable size to facilitate operationdunng emergency & maintenance
4.3.7 Hydrants & Monitors
I) Hydrants shall be located bearing Inmind the fire hazards at differentsections of the premises to beprolected and to give most effectiveservice At least one hydrant postshall be provided for every 30 m ofexternal wall measurement orpenmeter of battery limit In case ofhigh hazard areas For non-hazardous area. they shall bespaced al 45 m Intervals Thehonzontal range & coverage ofhydrants with hose conneclions shallnot be considered beyond 45 m
II) Hydrants shall be located at aminimum distance of 15 m from thepenphery of storage tank oreqUipment under protection. In caseof buildings this dlslance shall not beless than 2 m and not more than 15m from the face of bUildingProvIsion of hydrants within thebuilding shall be provided Inaccordance with J S . 3844
Ill) HydrantiMonltors shall be locatedalong road Side berms for easyacceSSibility
IV) Double headed hydrants with twoseparate landing valves or momtoron SUitablysized stand post shall beused. All hydrant outlets/monitor
Isolalion valves shall be situated atworkable height above ground orhydrantlmomtor operating platformlevel.
v) Monitors shall be located to directwater on the object as well as toprovide water shield to firemenapproaching a fire.
The requirement of monitors shallbe established based on hazardsInvolved and layout considerations.Monitors shall not be Installed within15 m of hazardous equipment
The location of the monitors shallnot exceed 45 m from the hazard tobe protected
High volume long range monitors.shall be located more than 45 mfrom the hazardous equipment &their water header/s sizedaccordingly to meet the rated waterflow rate of monitor as well asdeSign water flow reqUifement ofSingle largest nsk scenano
vi) Hydrants and monitors shall not beInstalled InSide the dyke areasHowever, as an additionalrequirement, oscillating monitorsmay be provided in inaccessiblearea within dyke with isolalion valveor ROV outside the tank farm.
vii) TWITT loading & unloading facilitiesshall be provided with alternatehydrant and water-cum-foammonitors having multipurposecombination nozzles for Jet spray &fog arrangement and fire hydrantslocated at a spacing of 30 m on bothSides of the gantry The hydrants &monitors shall be located at amln,mum distance of 15 m from thehazard (eg TW & TTloading/unloading facilities) to beprotected
VII') Hydrants/Monitorspreferably locatedconnection
shallwith
bebranch
VII Hose boxes, water monitors andhydrant outlets shall be painted WIth"LuminOUSYellow" paint as per IS5
4.3.8 Material Specifications
The matenals used In fire watersystem shall be of approved type asIndicated below
i) PipesCarbon Steel as pertS3589/IS1239/IS 1978 or It'Sequivalent for fresh water service.
A sUitable proven matenalconforming to design. heat radiation& It's associated hazards. operation& maintenance requirements shallbe used for saline/brackish walerservice
vii) Corrosion resistant paint shall beused In corrosion prone areas
4.3.9 FIXED WATER SPRAY SYSTEM
i) Fixed water spray system is a fixedpipe system connected to a reliablesource of water supply andeqUipped With water spray nozzlesfor speCific water discharge anddlstributton over the surface of areato be protected The piping system,s connected to the hydrant systemwater supply through anautomatically or manually actuatedvalve which initiates the flow ofwater
IV) MonitorsAs per IS/Ul or EqUivalentStandard
II) Isolation ValvesGate or butterfly type isolatton valvesmade of Cast Steel haVingopen/close Indication shall be usedOther matenals such as cupro-nickel for saline/brackish waler maybe used
III) HydrantsStand postOutlet valves
Carbon SteelGunmetal/Alumlnum/Stainless/Steel/AI-Zn Alloy
In case the system IS manuallyactuated, the Isolation valve shall belocated outSIde the dyke for easy ofaccess & operation
II) Spray nozzles shall be directedradially to the tank at a distance notexceeding 06 m from the tanksurface Only one type and size ofspray nozzle shall be used in aparticular facility
ill) While calculating the water rates forspray applicalton for cases otherthan tanks/vessels, the area shouldbe diVided Into suitable segments sothat maximum water requirementcan be opt,mlZed (Refer Annexure-V for typical calculations)
v) Fire HosesReinforced Rubber lined Hose asper IS 636 (Type A)/Non-percolattngSynthetiC Hose (Type B)/Ul orEquivalent Standard
(VI) Fire water mainS, hydrant & monitorsland posts, nsers of water spraysystem shall be painted With "FireRed" paint as per of IS5
4.4 FOAM SYSTEMS
4.4.1 Types of Foam
Foams are claSSified by producingaction of generatton and expansionFoam concentrate to be used shallconform to IS4989 (part-III)2006/Ul-162 or Equivalent
Standard. Refer (Annexure - III) forbilef deScilptlon of foam
4.4.2 Types of Low Expansion Foam
For combating large hydrocarbonfifes particularly In a contained areatlke storage tank, foam has proveduseful for Its Inherent blanketingability, heat resistance and secuiltyagainst burn-back Aqueous FIlmForming Foam (AFFF) compound IStechnically supenor and compatiblewllh other fife f/ghttng agents
EffICient and effectIve foam delIverysystem IS a vital tool for ItSusefulness In coniroiling the fife.
The process of adding or tnJecttngthe foam concentrate to water IScalled proportioning The mixture ofwater and foam compound (foamsolution) IS then mixed wIth alf In afoam maker for onward transmIsSionto burntng surface
4.4.3 CONVEYING SYSTEMS
The system conSists of an adequatewater supply, supply of foamconcentrate, SUitable proportioningequipment. a proper piping system,foam makers and dIscharge deVicesdeSigned to adequately distribute thefoam over the hazard.
ConventIonal systems are of theopen outlet type tn which foamdIscharges from all outlets at thesame lIme, covenng the entlfehazard within the confines of thesystem There are three types ofsystemsi) FixedIi) Semi-Fixedill) Mobile
(i) Fixed Foam System
Fixed foam conveying systemcompnses of fixed piping for watersupply at adequate pressure, foamconcentrate tank, eductor, suitableproportIoning equipment for draWingfoam concentrate and making foamsolutIon, fIxed piping system foronward conveYing to foam makersfor making foam, vapor seal box andfoam pourer
(ii) Semi-Fixed Foam System
Semi-fixed foam system gets supplyof foam solution through the mobIlefoam tender. A fixed piping systemconnected to foam makers cumvapor seal box in case of cone rooftanks and foam maker and foampourers In the case of floattng rooftanks conveys foam to the surfaceof tank.
(iii) Mobile System
Mobile system Includes foamproducing unit mounted on wheelswhIch may be self propelled ortowed by a vehicle These unitssupply foam through momtors/foamtowers to the burning surface.
(Iv) Sub-surface foam injection
ThISsystem ISfor proteclton of fixedroof ~torage tanks It compnses ofhigh back pressure foam generatorconnected through product lines orseparate lines near the bottom ofthe tank.
(v) Under the Seal Foam application
ThiS is a system for floattng roof tankwhere the foam Iravels through aflexible pIpe inSide the tank upto thecenter of the tank roof and eXits atthe seal rim of the floating roof
precisely where the fire IS locatedthus rapidly flooding the seal rim areaand qUickly extinguishing the fire
spaced at the periphery of the tankand each discharge outlet shall besized to deliver foam atapproximately the same rate.
4.4.5 FIXED ROOF TANK PROTECTION
IV) A mlmmum of two foam pourersshall be prOVided
I) System be deSigned to create foamblanket on the burning surface In areasonably short period
Il) Foam shall be applied to the burninghazard continuously at a rate highenough to overcome the destructiveeffects of radiant heat
Foam Pourer(Mln Nos)
234568
10
Tank diameter(In M)
Above 18 & up to 20Above 20 & up to 25Above 25 & up to 30Above 30 & up to 35Above 35 & up to 40Above 40 & up to 45Above 45 & IJPto 50
The estimation of number of foamdischarge outlet IS based on pourercapacity of 1000 Ipm at a pressureof 7 kg/cm2 (g) upstream of eductor.This can be suitably adjusted fordifferent pourer capacity inaccordance with section 4.44 (ill).
In case foam pourers are to beprovided on tanks haVing diameterup to 18 m, min 2 nos foampourers shall be provided.
III) Tanks should be provided with foamdischarge outlets/pourers asindicated below
TANK
For floating roof lank, foam shall bepoured at the foam dam to blanketthe roof seal Features of foamsystem for floating roof tankprotection shall be as follows-
III) Foam makers/foam pourers shall belocated not more than 24 m aparton the shell perimeter based on 600mm foam dam height
4.4.4 FLOATING ROOFPROTECTION
Foam conveYing system shall havesame features as of floating rooftank excepting that a vapor sealchamber IS reqUired before the foamdischarge outlet
4.4.6 FLOATING CUM FIXED ROOFTANK PROTECTION
Protection facilities shall be prOVidedas reqUired for fixed roof tank.
Features of the foam system forfixed roof protection shall be asfollows
4.4.7 PROTECTION FOR DYKEAREA/SPILL FIRE
FOAM APPLICATION RATE
I) The vapor seal chamber shall beprOVided wllh an effective anddurable seal. fragile under lowpressure, to prevent entrance ofvapour Into the foam conveyingpiping system
4.4.8
Portablestreamsfightingspills.
momtors/foam hoseshall be considered for
fires In' dyked area and
ii) Where two or more pourers arereqUired these shall be equally
The minimum delivery rate forprimary protection based on theassumption that all the foam
4.4.11 FOAM QUANTITY REQUIREMENTreaches the area being protectedshall be as Indicated below
For cone roof tanks containing liquidhydrocarbons, the foam solullondelivery rate shall be at least 5Ipmlm2 of liqUid surface area of thetank to be protected
For floating roof tanks containingliqUid hydrocarbons foam solutiondelivery rate shall be at least 12Ipm/m2 of seal area With foam damheight of 600 mm of the tank to beprotected
In case of floating roof Sinking, therate conSidered should be 8 1Ipm/m2 of liqUid surface areas
tn determining total solution flowreqUirements, potenllal foam lossesfrom wind and other factors shall beconsidered
I)
II)
The aggregate quantity of foamsolution should be calculated asbelow
Foam solution application at the rateof 5 Ipm/m2 for the liquid surface ofthe single largest cone roof tank orat the rate of 12 Ipm/m2 of seal areaof the single largest floating rooftank whichever IShigher
However, a foam solullonapplication rate of 81 Ipm/m2 of theliqUid surface of the largest floatingroof tank for 65 minutes may beconSidered for a roof Sinking caseFor sample calculation, refer(Annexure-IV)
Quantity of foam solullon requlfedshould be calculated based on thefollowing guidelines .-
Two hose streams of foam eachWith a capadty of 1140 Ipm of foamsolution.
4.4.9 DURATION OF FOAM DISCHARGE
The equipment shall be capable ofprOViding pnmary protecllon at thespecified delivery rates for thefollOWing minimum duration
I) Tanks containing Class 'A' & 'B'
65 minutesil) Where the system's pnmary
purpose is for spill fire protection
30 minutes4.4.10 WATER FOR FOAM MAKING
Water quantity required for makingfoam solullon depends on thepercent concentration of foamcompound Foams In normal usehave a 3% to 6% proporflonlng ratioHowever, foam supplier data shallbe used for determining waterrequiremenl
III)
Size of Terminal(InKl)
For Installation havingaggregate capacity of1000 KL
For Installation havingaggregate capacIty upto 10,000 KL
For Installation havingaggregate capacity upto 25,000 KL
For fnstarfation havingaggregate capacitymore than 25,000 KL
Water/FoamMonitor (Nos.)
Nil.
1 No of1600lpm
1 No. of2400 Ipm
2 Nos of2400 Ipm.
The aggregate quantity of foamsolutions should be largest of4411(i), 44.11(11) and 4.4 11 (III)
as above for a minimum period of65 minutes From this the quantityof foam based on 3% or 6%proportion should be calculatedHowever, for installation havingaggregate storage not more than10,000 Kl, the foam concentratestorage shall be based on 4.4 l(i)only
In case of AViation Fuelling Stationswhere aggregate product storagecapacity IS less than 1000 KL, foamquantity for spill fire protection of 30minutes shall be made
4.4.12 FOAM COMPOUND STORAGE
Foam compound should be storedas explained In IS-49892006/Ul-162
Type of foam compound used canbe protein or fluro-proteln or AFFFAlcohol Resistant Foam shall beused for handling methanol/ ethanolor furfural fICes M,nimum 1 Kl ofAlcohol Resistant Foam compoundshall be maintained at theinstallation to handlemethanol/ethanol or furfural fICe
Shelf life of foam compound shall betaken from manufacturer's data
Foam compound shall be testedperiodically as per OEM gUidelinesto ensure its quality and thedeteriorated quantity replaced Thedeteriorated foam compound can beused for fire training purposes Fordetails of type of tests & theirperiodicity, refer IS 4989 2006/UL-162 or EqUivalent Standard
Quantity of foam compound equal to100% of requirement as calculatedin 4 411 should be stored in theInstallation, NOI. 2 ThiS quantity maybe SUitably reduced if mutual aid forfoam supply ISavailable
4.5
4.5.1
4.5.2
4.5.3
For sample calculation, refer(Annexure- IV)
CLEAN AGENT FIREPROTECTION SYSTEM
General
Clean agent fire extingUishingsystem as per NFPA-2001 (latestedllion) shall be conSidered for suchprotection system
The Protection System broadlyconsists of container, feed Imes, ringmains/laterals, spray nozzles,Signaling equipment and cables,heat detection and activationdevices
The Protection System can detect,control & extmgulsh the fICeand alsoSimultaneously give audiO Visual,ndicat,on on the control panel
Recommended Use
The system may be conSidered forprotection of floating roof tanks,control rooms and computer rooms,
QUANTITY AND STORAGE
Each hazard area to be protected bythe protection system shall have anIndependent system
The lime needed to obtam the gasfor replacement to restore thesystems shall be considered as agovernmg factor In determlnmg thereserve supply needed, 100%standby containers shall beconSidered for each protectedhazard
Storage contamers shall be tocatedas near as pOSSibleto hazard areabut shall not be exposed to fire,
Storage containers shall be carefullylocated so that they are notsubjected to mechanical, chemicalor other damage.All the components of the systemshall be capable of withstandingheat of fire and severe weatherconditions
4.5.4 FLOATING ROOFPROTECTION
TANK
Floaling roof tanks of 60 m andabove diameter may be conSideredfor proteclion by installing suchsystems
4.5.5 CONTROL ROOM ANDCOMPUTER ROOM PROTECTION
Control rOom and computer roommay be protected by Clean AgentFire Extinguishing System.
Floating roof tank may be protectedby clean agent or foam floodingbased fire extinguishing system forIts In bUilt detection, control andactuation mechanism If a rim sealfife occurs, "Its heat causes one ormore spray nozzles to open and thegas IS applied on the surface of fireand alarm ISsounded
This IS In addition to the fixed waterspray system and Fixed foamsystem or SemHlxed foam systemon all floating roof tanks stOringClass A & B petroleum.
It ,s considered good practice toavoid unnecessary exposure toClean Agent Fire ExtinguishingSystem In order to minimiZe theexposure, persons should beevacuated from the areas before thesystem comes into operation.
4.6 FIRST AID FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT
4.6.1 Portable Fire Extinguishers
i) All fire extinguishers shall conform to respective IS/UL or EqUivalent codes, VIZ 10 KgOCP Type (IS2171/Ul299), 45/6.8 Kg C02 Type (IS 2878/Ul 154) & 25/50/75 Kg OCPType (IS 10658/UL 299) and bear ISI/Ul mark. BIS/UL or Equivalent certificates of allextJngUishers shall be maintained at the location
II) While selecting the Extinguisher, due consideration should be given to the factors likeflow rate, discharge lime and throw In line with IS2190 J UL711.
ill) The Dry Chemical Powder used In extJngUisher and carbon diOXide gas used asexpelling agent shall be as per relevant ISJUl or EqUivalent code
iv) While o;electlng the dry chemical powder, due conSideration should be given to thetypical properties VIZ Apparent DenSity (065 +/- 005), Fife Rating (144B), ThermalGravimetric AnalysIs (WithdecompOSitionat around 250°C) and foam compatibility
v) Siliconlsed Potassium bicarbonate OCP powder (IS 43082003) / Mono-ammoniumphosphate based OCP powder (IS 14609) can also be used for recharging OCP fifeextinguishers.
vi) Spare C02 cartridges and OCP refdls as required based on thelf shelf life should bemaintained However, minimum '0% of the total cllarge In the extinguishers should bemaintained at the 10catJon.
vII) Portable fire extinguIshers shall be located at convenient locations and are readilyaccessible and clearly VISibleI at all times
VIII)The sand buckets shall have round bottom With bottom handle haVing 9 liter watercapaCity conforming to IS2546 The sand stored In bucket shall be fine and free from 011,water or rubbish.
ix) Rain protection of sUitable design should be provided for all extingUishers & sandbuckets
x) The maximum running distance to locate an extrngUisher shall not exceed 15 mxi) The extingUisher shall be Installed in such a way that ItStop surface IS not be more than
15m above the floor/ground levelxII) The no. of extinguishers at various locations shall be provided as under
Petroleum Depots, Terminals & Lube Oil Installations
Sr, No. Type of Area , Scale of Portable Fire Extinguishers(I) lube Godown 1 No 10 Kg OCP extinguisher for every 200 m2 or
min 2 Nos In each Godown whichever IShigher.(II) I Lube Filling Shed 1 No 10 Kg OCP extinguisher for 200 m2 Ormln
2 Nos In each Shed whichever IShigher(III) Storage of (Class NB) 1 No 10 Kg OCP extinguisher for 100 m2 or mln
In packed containers and 2 Nos In each Storage Area whichever IShigher.stored In open/closed area
(Iv) Pump House (Class NB) 1 No. 10 Kg OCP for 2 pumps.Up to 50 HP 1 No 10 Kg OCP for each pumpAbove 50-100 HP 2 Nos of 10 kg or 1 no. of 25 kg OCP for eachBeyond 100 HP pump
(v) Pump House (Class C)Up to 50 HP 1 no. 1OKgOCPfor every 4 pumps up to 50 HPAbove 50 HP 2 nos 10 Kg OCP or 1x25 kg OCP for 4 pumps
(VI) Tank Truck loading & 1 No. 10 Kg OCP extingUisher for each bay plus 1unloading gantry for No. 75 Kg OCP extinguisher for each gantryPOL/Special products
(VII) Tank Wagon loading 1 No. 10 Kg OCP extinguisher for every 30 m ofand unloading gantrylsldlng ISldlng plus 1 No 75 Kg OCP extinguisher for each
gantry/siding(vIii) NG Tank Farm 2 Nos 10 Kg OCP extingUishers for each tank plus
4 Nos. 25 Kg OCP extingUishers for each TankFarm pOSitioned at four corners in case ofadjoining tank farms, the no. of25 Kg extinguishers may be reduced by 2 nos. pertank farm
(Ix) U/G Tank Farm 2 Nos 10 Kg OCP extingUisher for each TankFarm
(x) Other Pump Houses 1 No 10 Kg OCP extinguisher for every twopumps or mln 2 Nos 10 Kg OCP extinguisher foreach Pump House whichever IS higher.
(XI) Admin Building/Store 1 No 10 Kg OCP extinguisher tor every 200 m2 orHouse mln 2 Nos 10 Kg OCP extinguishers for each
floor of BUlldlnglStore whichever is higher(xiI) OG Room 2 Nos e~ch 10 Kg OCP & 4.5 Kg CO2
extingUishers for each OG room.(XIII) Main SWitch Room/Sub- 1 No. 45 Kg C02 extinguisher for every 25 m2
Station plus 1 No 9 Uter sand bucket per transformer bay.(XIV) Computer Room/ Cabm 2 Nos of 2 Kg C02 or 2 Nos. of 2.5 Kg Clean
Agent extingUisher per Computer Room and 1 No.2 Kg CO2 or 1 No. 10 Kg Clean Agentextinguisher per cabin.
(xv) Secuflty Cabin 1 No 10 Kg OCP extinguisher per cabin.(XVI) Canteen 1 No 10 Kg OCP extingUisher for 100 m2(xvII) Workshop 1 No 10 Kg OCP extinguisher & 1 No 2 Kg CO2
extinguisher(XVIII) Laboratory 1 NO.1 0 Kg OCP extinguisher & 1 NO.4 5 Kg CO2
extinguisher(XIX) Oil Sample Storage Room 1 No. 10 Kg OCP extinguisher per 100 m2 or min.
1 no. 10 Kg extinguisher per room whichever ishigher.
(xx) Effluent Treatment'Plant 1 No 75 Kg. & 2 nos. 10 Kg OCP Extinguisher(XXI) Transformer 1 No 10 Kg. OCP extingUisher(XXii) UPS / Charger Room 1 No 2 Kg C02 extinguisher
NOTE ;- ALL FIRE EXTINGUISHERS SHALL BEAR ISI OR EQUIVALENT MARK
Pipeline Installations
For pipeline Installations, the portable extinguisher shall be provided as per the above list(46 1) sUitably amended along with follOWing addillons-
Sr. No. Type of Area Scale of Portable Fire Extinguishers(I) Main line pump shed 1 No 75 Kg DCP, 10 Kg DCP & 6.8 Kg CO2
(Engine/Motor Driven) extinguishers per two pumps up to a maximum of4 nos
(II) Booster Pump 1 No 10 Kg DCP per two pumps up to a maximum. of 3 nos and 1 No 6.8 Kg C02 extinguIsher
(III) , Sump Pump, 1 No 10 Kg DCP extinguisherTransmix Pump & OilWater Separator Pump
(Iv) Scrapper Barrel 1 NO.1 0 Kg DCP extinguisher(v) Control Room 2 Nos 2 5 Kg Clean Agent and 1 No 4.5 Kg CO2
extinguisher(VI) UHF / RadiO Room 2 Nos 2 5 Kg Clean Agent and 1 No 45 Kg CO2
extinguisher(vII) Meter Prover/Separator 1 No 10 Kg DCP extinguisher
Filter(VIII) Repeater Station . 1 No 10 Kg OCP & 1 No 2 Kg C02 extinguisher.(IX) Mainline Emergency 4 Nos. 10 Kg DCP & 2 Nos.
Equipment Centre 2 Kg C02 extinguishers(x) Air Compressor 1 No 2 Kg C02 & 1 No 5 Kg DCP extingUisher
4.6.2 Wheeled Fire Fighting Equipment
For Installations having tanks of diameter large than 9 m follOWing fire fightlngequipmentsshall be provlded-
Size of Terminal (In KL) Water/Foam Monitor (Nos.)For installation having aggregate Nilcapacity of 1000 KLFor installation having aggregate 1 No of 1600 Ipmcapacity up to 10,000 KLFor InstallatIOn having aggregate 1 No. of 2400 Ipmcapacity up to 25,000 KLFor Installation having aggregate 2 Nos of 2400lpmcapacity more than 25,000 KL
Foam compound trolley 200/210 liters shall be prOVided as Under-
Tank diameter (In m) Water/Foam Monitor (Nos.)UP to 24 m 1 No24 m - 30 m 2 NosAbove 30 m 3 Nos
4.6.3 HOSES, NOZZLES & ACCESSORIES
(i) Hoses
i) Reinforced rubber hned canvas or Non-percolat'ng synthetic fire hosesconforming to IS- 636/ UL 19 (Type A orB) shall be provided
il) The length and diameter of the hosesshall be 15 m and 63 mm respectivelyfltled with Instantaneous type male &female couplings of malenal as speCIfiedIn IS 636/UL 19
III) The number of hoses stored In an oilInstallalion shall be 30% of the numberof hydrant outlets. The minimum No ofhoses stored. however. shall not be lessthan 10
IV)The hoses shall be stored at convenientand easily acceSSible location In the 011
,nstallation
(Iii Nozzles
In addition to the Jet nozzle provided Ineach hose box, there shall be at leasttwo nozzles In each category VIZ. Jetnozzle with branch pipe. Fog nozzle,Universal nozzle. Foam branch pipe andWater curtain nozzle as per relevantIS/UL Codes maintained at the location.
(iii) Accessories
The following Personal ProtectiveEquipment, First Aid EqUipment &Safety Instrument shall be prOVided asindicated against each Item
Sand drum with scoop. 4 NosSafety helmet. 1 No. per personStretcher with blanket 2 NosFirst Aid box: 1 NoRubber hand glove' 2 PairsExplosimeter . 1 No.Fire proximity SUit 1 SuitResuscitator: 1 NoElectrical siren (3 Km range) 1 NoHand operated siren One each atAdmn Bldg. Laboratory. Planning room,Control room, T/L Loadlng/Unloading
Facility, TfW Loadlng/Unloading Facility,Tank Farm, FW Pump House & ProductPump House (s).Water Jel blanket: 1 No.Red & Green flag for fire drill. 2 Nos. ineach colorSCBA Set (30 minute capacity) 1 SetWithspare cylinder.PA System - 1 NoHose box Between two hydrant pointsFrre hose 2 Nos per hose boxJet nozzle 1 No In each hose box
The above gUidelines are mimmumreqUirement of each Item and can beIncreased depending on the scale ofoperations/slze of installation orrequrrement of Local StatutoryBodles/State Govt
A trolley containing Fire Proxlmily SUIt,BA. Set. Water Jel Blanket, Resuscitator,First A,d Box, Stretcher with blanket.Spare fire hoses, SpeCial purposenozzles, Foam branch pipes,Exploslmeter. P A System shall bereadily available at the location andPOSitioned to have easy access to Itdunng emergency situation
4.7 MOBILE FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT
Mobile fire fighting equipment includeFoam trolleys, Portable water-cum-foammontlors, etc. In view of comprehensiveFixed and First Aid Fire proteclionequipment recommended in theStandard. provIsion of Mobile firefighting equipments in the installation isnot conSidered necessary. However, therequirement of such equipment may bereViewed keeping In mind the size,nature and location of the Installation.
5.0
5.1
FIRE ALARM/COMMUNICATIONSYSTEM
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
iii) Wherever possible hot lineconnection between City Fire Brigade& nearby Industnes shall be providedfor major installation on need baSIS
I) Hand operated sirens shall beprovided at strategic locations andclearly marked in the Installation
II) Electnc fire siren shall be Installed atsUitable location with operating SWitchlocated near the risk area at a safe,Identifiable and easily accessibleplace
III) Electnc fire sICenshall be audible tothe farthest distance In the installationand also In the surrounding area upto 1 km from the penphery of theInstallalion
IV) Electnc fire sirens shall be connectedto feeder to ensure continuous powersupply dunng emergency shut down
v) The tone of fire siren shall bedifferent from shift siren
VI) The following fire siren codes shouldbe followed for different emergencySituatIons
• FIRE' For fire Situation, the sirenshall be walling sound for 2minutes
• DISASTER For disastersituation. the siren shall be wailingsound for 2 minutes repeatedthnce with a gap of 10 seconds
• ALL CLEAR For all clearsituation, the Siren shall be straightrun sound for 2 minutes
• TEST'SIREN For testing. thesiren shall be straight run soundfor 2 minutes
5.2 COMMUNICA nON SYSTEM
I) Communication system likeTelephone, Public Address System,etc should be prOVided In non-hazardous areas of the Instillation
H) In hazardous areas, flame-proof/lntnnslcally safe PagingSyslem. Walkie-talkie system or VHFSet shall be prOVided
IV) Installation shall have a 'Mutual Aid'arrangement With nearby Industnes topool in their resources duringemergency
6.0 FIRE SAFETY ORGANISATION/TRAINING
6,1 ORGANISATION
A well defined comprehensive On-siteEmergency Plan as per OISO-GDN-168 shall be drawn,
6,2 TRAINING
I) The fire fighling training shall becompulsory for all officers, clencals,operators. security, TfT drivers &contract workmen who are likely to bepresent In the Installation and recordmaintained
II) Training on fire & safety aspects to allconcerned shall be Imparted as per0150-5TO-154
ill) Every employee or authorized personof contractor working in theInstallation shall be made familiarizedWith fire siren codes and know thelocation of fire siren operating SWitchnearest to his place of work.
IV) Instruclions on the aclion to be takenIn the event fire should be pasted ateach sICen point and familiarity Withthese instruclions ensured andrecorded.
v) Monthly fire drills shall be conductedregularly With full Involvement of allemployees of the installation.
VI) Mock disaster dnlls shall beconducted penodically as per localstatutory reqUirements
Vii) The post drill analysis should becamed out & discussed emphasJzlngareas of Improvements.
Viii) The record of such drills should bemaintained at the location
7.0 FIRE EMERGENCY MANUAL
I) Each Installation shall prepare acomprehensive fire emergencymanual covenng all emergencyscenanos detailing the actions to betaken In the event of fire emergencyfor effective handilng
II) The key action pOints of this manualshall be displayed at strategiclocations In the Installation for ready
reference
8.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM,INSPECTION AND TESTING
I) The fICeprotection equipment shall bekept In good working condition all thetime
II) The fire protection system shall bepenodically tested for properfunctioning and logged for record andcorrectIve actions
III) Inspection & maintenance of firefighting equipment shall be done inaccordance with OISD-STD-142
IV) In addition to routine dailychecks/maintenance. the followingperiodic Inspection/testing of firefighting eqUipment shall be ensured
v) One officer shall be designated andmade responsible for Inspectlo,,,maintenance & testing of fICeprotection system
VI) The responSibilities of each officershall be clearly defined. explained andcommunicated to all concerned Inwriting for role clanty
8.1 FIRE WATER PUMPS
I) Every pump shall be test run for atleast half an hour or as per OEMgUidelines. whichever IShigher twice aweek at the rated head & flow
Ii) Each pump shall be checked. testedand its shut-off pressure observedonce In a month
IIi) Each pump shall be checked & testedfor its performance once In six monthby opening requICed nos ofhydrants/monitors depending on thecapacity of the pump to venfy that the
discharge pressure. flow & motor loadare In conformity WIth the deSignparameters
IV) Each pump shall be test runcontinuously for 4 hours at Its ratedhead & flow uSing Circulation line offICe water storage tanks andobservations logged once a year.
v) The testing of standby Jockeypump. Ifprovided shall be checked weeklyFrequent starts & stops of the pumpindicates that there are water leaks Inthe system which should be attendedto promptly
8.2 FIRE WATER RING MAINS
(i) The ring main shall be checked forleaks once In a year by operatmg oneor more pumps & keeping the hydrantpoints closed to get the maximumpressure
(II) The nng maIns. hydrant. monitor &water spray header valves shall bevisually Inspected for any missingaccessOries. defects. damage andcorrosion every month and recordsmaintained
(ill) All valves on the ring mains. hydrants.monitors & water spray headers shallbe checked for leaks, smoothoperation and lubncated once In amonth
8.3 FIRE WATER SPRAY SYSTEM
I) Water spray system on storage tanksshall be tested lor spray density. flowrate & response time and venfled Withthe performance test certificateproVided by manufacturer once In sixmonths
II) Spray nozzles shall be inspected forproper orientation, corrosion andcleaned If necessary al least once ayear
iil) The strainers provided In the waterspray system shall be cleaned once Ina quarter and records maintained
8.4 FIXED/SEMI FIXED FOAM SYSTEM
Fixed/Semi fixed foam system onstorage tanks should be tested once in
six months. This shall Include thetesting of foam makerlchamber
9,0 REFERENCES
1) NFPA 11 - Standard on LowExpansion Foam Systems.
2) NFPA 13 - Standard onInstallation of Spnnkler System.
onSpray
Standardof Water
3) NFPA 15 -InstallationSystem.
The foam chamber should bedesigned sUitably to facilitate of foamdischarge outside the cone roof tankAfter testmg foam system, plpmgshould be flushed with water.
CLEAN AGENT SYSTEM8,5
Clean agent fire extmgulshlng systemshould be checked as under-
I) Agent quantity and pressure ofrefillable containers shall be checkedonce every six month.
It) The complete system should bemspected for proper operation onceevery year (Refer latest NFPA2001(2004 Edition) for details ofmspectlon of vanous systems)
4) NFPA 20 Standard onInstallation 01 Centnfugal FifePumps.
5) NFPA - 2001 (Edition 2004)Standard on Ctean Agent FifeExtingUishing System
6) No 72-289 - French Regulationfor Hydrocarbon Depots
8,6 HOSES 10) The Petroleum Rules - 2002,
Fire hoses shall be hydraulically testedonce in six months to a water pressureas specified In relevantISIUUEqulvalent codes
11) Model Code of Safe PracticesThe Institute of Petroleum (U K.)
15) International Safe Practices ofOil Industry
8,7 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Electnc and hand operated fire sirensshould be tested for their maximumaudible range once a week.
16) 15-3844 Code of Practice onInstallation of Internal HydrantsIn Multistory Building
0ISO-STO-142 Standard onInspection of Fire FightingEqUIpment & Systems
8,8 FIRE WATER TANK/RESERVOIR
i) Above ground fire water tanks shouldbe Inspected externally & Internally asper OISD-STD-129.
il) The water of reservoir shall becleaned once In 6 months or as &when required to keep It free fromforeign matenal, fungus & vegetation
8,9 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
17)
18)
19)
0ISO-GON-115Fife FightmgAppliances InIndustry
0ISO-STD-154Safety AspectsTralnmg
GUIdelines onEqUipment &
Petroleum
Standard onin Functional
Inspection, testing frequency andprocedure should be in line WithOISD-STD-142
20) Ozone Depletion SubstancesRegulation & Control Rules •2000 Ministry of Environment &Forests, Government of India
21) Kyoto Protocol
22) IS,15683,' Standard on PortableFife ExtingUishersPerformance & ConstructionSpeCIficatIOns
23) IS,4308 Standard on DryChemical Powder for Fighting 8& C Class FifesSpeCIfications
24) IS, 14609 Standard on DryChemical Powder for FightingA.8,C Class FiresSpeCifications
25) IS,4989 Standard on FoamConcentrate for ProducingMechanical Foam for FireFighting Flammable Liquid Fires, Specifications,
ANNEXURE-I
SAMPLE CALCULATION OF FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR STORAGE TANKS
1. DESIGN BASIS
The fire water system in an installation shall be designed to meet the fire water nowreqUIrement of fighting single largest fire scenariO
2. FIRE WATER DEMAND FOR SINGLE LARGEST FIRE
Consider various areas under fire and calculate fire water demand for each area basedon design basIs
2.1 FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR FLOATING ROOF TANK PROTECTION
DataTotal storage capacJty In one dyke are" =No. of tanks =Capacity of each tank =Diameter of each tank =Height of each tank =
a) Cooling water flow rateCooling water required for tank on fireCooling water rate =Cooling water reqUfred =
==
32,000 m3
216,000 m3
40 m14.4 m
3 Ipm/m2 of tank area for tank on fire3 142 x 40 m x 144 m x 3 Ipmlm'5426 Ipm5426 x 60 m'lhr = 326 m'/hr
1000
Assuming that second tank IS located within the tank dyke at a distance more than 30 mfrom the tanks shell Therefore, m such case cOolmgreqUJred ISat the rate of 1 Ipmlm' oftank shell area
Cooling water required for tank falling beyond (R+30) from centre of tank on fire,Cooling water rate = 1 Ipmlm of tank areaCooling water reqUfred = 3 142 x 40 m x 14.4 m x 11pmlm'
= 18091pm= 1809 x 60 m'lhr = 109 m'/hr.
1000
b} Foam water flow rateFoam solution application rateFoam solution requiredFoam water required
====
12 Ipm/m' of rim seal area of tank3.142 x 40 m x 0 8 m x 12 Ipm/m'097x12121pm = 11761pm1176 x 60 m'lhr = 71 m'lhr.
1000
ANNEXURE- J
SAMPLE CALCULATION OF FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR STORAGE TANKS
1. DESIGN BASIS
The fire water system in an installation shall be deSigned to meet the fire water fiowrequirement of fighting single largest fire scenario
2. FIRE WATER DEMAND FOR SINGLE LARGEST FIRE
Consider various areas under fire and calculate fire water demand for each area basedon design baSIS.
2.1 FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR FLOATING ROOF TANK PROTECTION
DataTotal storage capacity in one dyke ares =No. of tanks =Capacity of each tank =Diameter of each tank =Height of each tank =
a) Cooling water flow rateCooling water required for tank on fireCooling water rate =Cooling water reqUired =
==
32,000 m'216,000 m'40m144m
3 Ipmtm' of tank area for tank on fire3.142 x 40 m x 14.4 m x 3 Ipm/m'5426 Ipm5426 x 60 m'/hr = 326 m'thr.
1000
Assuming that second tank IS located within the tank dyke at a distance more than 30 mfrom the tanks shell. Therefore, In such case cooling reqUIred ISat the rate of 1 Ipm/m' oftank shell area
Cooling water required for tank falling beyond (R+30) from centre of tank on fireCooling water rate = 1 Ipmtm' of tank areaCooling water required = 3142 x 40 m x 144 m x 1lpm/m'.
= 18091pm= 1809 x 60 m'/hr = 109 m'/hr.
1000
b) Foam water flow rateFoam solution application rateFoam solullon requiredFoam water required
====
12 Ipm/m' of rim seal area of tank3.142 x 40 m x 08 m x 12lpm/m'.097 x 12121pm = 11761pm.1176 x 60 m'thr = 71 m'/hr.
1000
c) Tolal waler flow raleTank coolingFoam solution applicationTotalSay
==
==
326 + 109 = 435m'/hr71 m'/hr.506 m'/hr510 m'/hr.
2.2 FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR CONE ROOF TANK PROTECTION
DataTotal storage capacity in one dyke area =No of tanks =Capacity of each tank =Diameter of each tank =Height of each tank =
a) Cooling water flow rateCooling water required for tank on fireCooling water rate =Cooling water required =
=
=
50.000 m'412,500 m'.375 m12 m
3 Ipm/m' of tank area for tank on fire3142 x 37.5 m x 12 m x 3/pm/m'4242 Ipm.4242 x 60 m'/hr = 255 m'/hr
1000
Cooling water required for tanks falling within (R+30) from centre of lank on fireCooling water rate = 3 Ipm/m' of tank areaCooling water required = 3.142 x 375 m x 12 m x 3 Ipm/m' x 3
= 127261pm= 12726 x 60 m'/hr = 764 m'/hr,
1000Total cooling water required = 254 + 762 = 1019 m3/hr.
b) Foam water flow rateFoam solution application rateFoam solution reqUired
Foam water reqUired
c) Total waler flow rateTank coolingFoam solution applicationTotal
=====
===
5 Ipm/m' of liqUid surface area3142 x (1875 m)' x 5Ipm/m'.55231pm.0.97 x 5523 Ipm = 5357 Ipm.5357 x 60 m'/hr = 321 m'/hr.
1000
1019 m'/hr321 m'/hr.1340 m'/hr.
2.3 FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR COOLING POL TANK WAGON LOADING GANTRY(Ref Annex - II) : Total water requirement = 918 m3/hr.
2.4 FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR SUPPLEMENTARY HOSE STREAMS
Water for 4 single hydrant streamsWater for 1 monitor streamTotal water reqUirement
==
=
4 x 36 = 144 m3/hr144 m3/hr288 m3 / hr.
3.0 TOTAL DESIGN FIRE WATER FLOW RATE
Total design fire water flow rate would be the largest of rlre water flow rates calculated asper 21, 22, 2 3 and 2.4 above
Design fJrewater rate = 1340 m3/hr.
_m_) 0 X 0 ( _m_
ANNEXURE-IISAMPLE CALCULATION OF FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR POL TANK WAGON LOADING
GANTRY
a) Data
Total No. of loading points'Conslder 20 loading pOints on each sideLength of Rail GantryWidth of tank wagon gantryCooling two spur other distance
b) Cooling water flow rate
====
72 Conventional or48 BTPN700 m12 m
D,v,de total area of gantry Into 24 segments, each segment admeasuring 292m X 12 m
and consider 3 segments operating at a time
Water rate requrred
Total water requrrement(including hydrant/monitors)
====
_.u.) 0 x 0 (._.u
3 x 29 2 x 12 x 10630 cum/hr630 cum/hr + 288 cum918 cum/hr
ANNEXURE-II'
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIRE FIGHTING FOAM
1.0 FIRE FIGHTING FOAM
Fire flghling foam is a homogeneous mass of tiny air or gas filled bubble of low specificgravity, which when applied In correct manner and In sufficient quanlity, forms a compactfluid and stable blanket which IScapable of floating on the surface of flammable liquidsand preventmg atmospheric air from reachmg the liqUid
2.0 TYPES OF FOAM COMPOUND
Two Types of foams are used for fighting liquid fires
2.1 CHEMICAL FOAMWhen two or more chemicals are added the foam generates due to chemical reaclionThe most common Ingredlerts used for chemical foam are sodium bicarbonate andaluminum sulphate With slabllizer. The chemical foam IS generally used In Fireextinguishers
2.2 MECHANICAL FOAMIt IS produced by mechanically miXing a gas or alf to a solution of foam compound(concentrate) in water. Vanous types of foam concentrates are used for generating foam.depending on the requlfement and sUitability E~ch concentrate has Its own advantageand limitations. The bnef descnptlon of foam concentrates is given below
3.0 MECHANICAL FOAM COMPOUND
Mechanical foam compound may be classified In to 3 categories based on It'SexpansionratIo
3.1 LOW EXPANSION FOAMFoam expansion ratio may be upto 50 to 1, but usually between 5 1 to 151 as typicallyproduced by self aspirating foam branch pipes
The low expansion foam contains more water and has better resistant to fife It ISsUitablefor hydrocarbon liqUid fires and ISwidely used In 011 refinery, 011 platforms, petrochemicaland other chemicallndustnes
3.2 MEDIUM EXPANSION FOAM:Foam expansion ratio vary from 51 1 to 500 1 as typically produced by self asplfalingfoam branch pipes With nets ThiS foam has limited use In controlling hydrocarbon liquidfife because of it's limitations w r. t poor cooilng. poor resistant to hot surface/radiantheat etc
3.4 HIGH EXPANSION FOAM
Foam expansion ratio vary from 5011 to 15001, usually between 7501 to 1000:1 astypically produced by foam generators with air fans This foam has also very limited use Incontrolling hydrocarbon liqUid fire because of its limitations W r. t poor cooling. poorresistant to hot surface/radiant heat etc It IS used for protection of hydrocarbon gasesstored under cryogenic conditions and for warehouse protection
4.0 TYPES OF LOW EXPANSION FOAM
4.1 PROTEIN BASE FOAM
The foam concentrate IS prepared from hydrolyzed protein either from animals orvegetable source The SUitable stabilizer and preservatives are also added
The concentrate forms a thick foam blanket and IS SUitable for hydrocarbon liquid fires,but not on water miSCible liqUids The effectiveness of foam IS not very good on deeppools or low flash pOint fuels which have had lengthy preburn time unless applied verygently to the surface
The concentrate IS available for induction rate of 3 to 6%. The shelf life of concentrate is2 years
4.2 FlUORO PROTEIN FOAM
This is similar to protein base foam With fluro-chemlcal which makes It more effective thanprotein base foam.
The concentrate forms a thick foam blanket and IS SUitable for hydrocarbon liqUid fires.but not on water miscible liqUids The foam IS very effective on deep pools of low Nashpoint fuels which have had lengthy pre burn time.
The concentrate is available for induction rate of 3 to 6% and the shelf life ISSimilar to thatof protein base foam.
4.3 AQUEOUS FILM FORMING FOAM (AFFF)
The foam concentrate mainly consists of fluoro carbon surfactants, foaming agent andstabilizer. ThiS can be used with fresh water as well as with sea water
It produces very fluid foam, which flows freely on liquid surface The aqueous filmproduced suppresses the liquid vapour qUickly The foam has qUick fire knock downproperty and is SUitable for liqUid hydrocarbon fifes As the foam has poor drainage rate,the effectiveness is limited on deep pool flies of low flash pOint fuels which have lengthypre burn time
The concentrate is available for Induction rate of 3 to 6% and the shelf life ISmore than 10years. This can also be used With non aspirating type nozzles.
4.4 MULTIPURPOSE AFFF
Multipurpose AFFF concentrate IS synthetic, foaming liquid designed specially for fireprotection of water soluble solvents and water Insoluble hydrocarbon liqUids. ThiS can beused either with fresh water of sea water.
When applied It forms foam with a cohesive polymeric layer on liquid surface, whichsuppresses the vapour and extingUishes the fire. The foam is also SUitable for deep poolfires because of superior drainage rate and more resistive to hot fuels/radiant heat
The 3% induction rate IS SUitable for liqUid hydrocarbon fires and 5% for water miSCiblesolvents. The shelf life of concentrate is not less than 10 years ThiS can also be usedwith non aspirating type nozzles
4,5 FILM FORMING FLOURO PROTEIN (FFFP)
FFFP combines the rapid fire knock down quality of conventional film forming AFFF withthe high level of post fire securlly and burn back resistance of flouro proleln foam Theconcentrate can either be used with fresh water or sea water
The foam ISsuitable for hydrocarbon liquid fires including deep pool fires of low flash pointfuels which have had lengthy pre burn time.
The concentrate ISavailable for Induction rate of 3 to 6% and the shelf life is not less than5 years. This can also be used with non aspirating type nozzles
5,0 TYPES OF MEDIUM AND HIGH EXPANSION FOAM
SynthetiC foam concentrate IS used with SUitabledevices to produce medium and highexpansion foams ThiS can be used on hydrocarbon fuels with low boiling pOint The.foam ISvery light In weight and gives poor cooling effect In comparison to low expansionfoams. The foam ISsusceptible 10 easy break down by hot fuel layers and radiant heat
The Induction rate In water may vary from 15 to 3% Many of the low expansion foamconcentrate can also be used With sl'ltable devices to produce medium / high expansionfoam.
m __ ) OxO( __m
ANNEXURE IV
TYPICAL EXAMPLE OF FIRE CASE IN A LARGE FLOATING ROOF TANK AFTER SINKINGOF FLOATING ROOF
Example for Calculation of Foam ReqUIrement for Floating Tank with Portable Monitors
DATA
Diameter of Tank
Type of Roof
Foam APplication Rate
Foam Solution ReqUlCement
=
=
=
40 m
Floatmg Roof
8 11pm (as per NEPA-11)
II x 40 x 40 x 8 114
= 1017361pm
= 6104 m'/hr
Say = 610 m' /hr.
This much quantities has to be thrown over to sunken roof area with the help of external longrange high volume monitors from the road side periphery of the tank farm The same may beachieved by 2 nos, of 1000 gpm such monitors, In deSign rate calculation m Ann 1, sinking offloating roof has not been considered, however, Installation may conSider sIzing the waternetwork around tank farms to take up such load sO than long range monitors can be fed from thisnetwork by diverting other water available In installation to tank farms In such emergency"
Foam Compound Requirement
=
Say =
101736 x 3/100
305 2 Ipm
305 Ipm
Foam Compound ReqUirement for 65 minutes with 3% concentration
=
Say =
305 x 65
19825 L
20,000 L
•• If two major fife occurs In an Installation with roof sinking case as one of them
n_n) OxO(n __-
