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Fire Protection Intervention Toolscont.

• Fire Protection DevicesFire Protection Devices

• Federal LegislationFederal Legislation

• State LegislationState Legislation

• Smoke AlarmsSmoke Alarms

• Fast Response Residential Fire Fast Response Residential Fire Sprinklers (Cure)Sprinklers (Cure)

THEHISTORY OF RESIDENTIAL FIRE SPRINKLERS IN AMERICA

(The Evolution and the Revolution)

IFSA / NFSA

May 1975 - First Edition of NFPA 13D, Sprinkler Systems for One and Two-Family Homes and Manufactured Homes

1975-1979 Chief Ronny Coleman, San Clemente, California experiments with installations using standard response sprinklers

IFSA / NFSA

1975 – 1979 Initial phase of R&D work to develop low cost, quick response fire sprinkler systems (USFA, UL, FM, Grinnell, etc.)

1979 - Residential Sprinkler test program, Los Angeles, California

IFSA / NFSA

Nov 1980 - 1980 Edition of NFPA 13D requires use of listed fast response residential sprinklers and includes requirements for Multipurpose Piping Systems

June 1981 - Grinnell receives first listing for a residential sprinkler from UL

Nov 1982 - Central receives UL listing for its Omega series residential sprinkler

IFSA / NFSA

Oct 1983 - Operation San Francisco test series conducted in San Francisco, California

Fall 1984 - Operation Life Safety Program established (First Trust at NFSA)

Fall 1985 - OLS Trust transferred to IAFC

IFSA / NFSA

June 1985 - Initial Scottsdale Ordinance requiring sprinklers in multi-family homes and commercial occupancies passed

June 1986 - Scottsdale Ordinance expanded to include One and Two-Family Homes

IFSA / NFSA

1986-Pres. Home builders oppose residential fire sprinklers

Fall 1986 - USFA sponsored residential fire sprinkler workshop series developed and delivered by OLS

IFSA / NFSA

Fall 1986 - OLS promotes series of development incentives (street width reduction, main size reduction, hydrant spacing increases, reduced set-back requirements, increased tract density, reduction of “dead end” turning radius requirements, etc.)

OLS also works with Insurance Industry to provide discounts for residential fire sprinklers

IFSA / NFSA

Feb. 1988 - Initial Prince George’s County, Maryland ordinance passes

requiring homebuilders to offer residential fire

sprinklers as an option and to sprinkler model homes

Feb. 1989 - Prince George County ordinance is expanded

to make the installation of residential sprinklers

in new homes mandatory

1989-Pres. Napa, California passes mandatory residential fire sprinkler requirements. Many local ordinances passed nationally (ex, Cobb Co., GA, Mont. Co., MD., Dover, NH, Altamonte Springs, FL, and some 200 ordinances in California)

IFSA / NFSA

1996Home Fire Sprinkler Coalition Formed ( www.homefiresprinkler.org)

NFPA 13D includes requirements for Network systems

1997 - Publication of the “Scottsdale Report”

1999 - The Mesa, Arizona experience

2000 - Montgomery County, Maryland passes major tax incentive for fire sprinklers

IFSA / NFSA

IFSA / NFSA

2002

Publication of Scottsdale Report five year supplement

UL and NFPA 13D require residential fire sprinklers to meet minimum

density of 0.05 GPM/sq. ft.

IFSA / NFSA

2003

Montgomery County Mandate

Connecticut Option Law

IFSA / NFSA

Many more communities undertake residential fire sprinkler initiatives either mandatory or voluntary via incentives

Fire Team Tennessee Pilot Program

Fire Team USA Program

2003 - Present

ROADBLOCKS TO ROADBLOCKS TO RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLERSSPRINKLERS

HYDRAULICSHYDRAULICS

The Fast Response The Fast Response SprinklerSprinkler

COSTCOST

INFRASTRUCTUREINFRASTRUCTURE

WATER PURVEYORWATER PURVEYOR

WATER DEPT.

HOME BUILDERSHOME BUILDERS

Leading Causes of FireLeading Causes of Fire

Residential Fire LoadResidential Fire Load

Digging a Deeper HoleDigging a Deeper Hole

Breaking RanksBreaking Ranks(Toll Brothers 35%)(Toll Brothers 35%)

September 11, 2001September 11, 2001(3025 Deaths)(3025 Deaths)

Fire Journal Sept/Oct 2001Fire Journal Sept/Oct 2001(3445 home fire deaths(3445 home fire deaths

in 2000)in 2000)

That’s 420 more!That’s 420 more!

BUILDING BUILDING OFFICIALSOFFICIALS

ANYTOWN BUILDING DEPARTMENT

BUILDING CODESBUILDING CODES

International Code International Code CouncilCouncil

National Fire Protection National Fire Protection Association.Association.

FIRE CHIEFSFIRE CHIEFS

FIRE MARSHALSFIRE MARSHALS

FIREFIGHTERSFIREFIGHTERS

INSTALLERSINSTALLERS

JD SPRINKLER CO.

LITTLE OR NOLITTLE OR NO

EXPECTATION OF FIRE EXPECTATION OF FIRE

PROTECTION FEATURES PROTECTION FEATURES

IN A NEW HOME! IN A NEW HOME!

PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC POLICY MAKERSMAKERS

OTHER OTHER GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT

OFFICIALSOFFICIALS

INCENTIVESINCENTIVESSAVINGS

INSURANCE

TAXES

HR 1131HR 1131

S 512S 512

Look UpLook Up for Safety for Safety Fire Sprinklers Save Lives and MoneyFire Sprinklers Save Lives and Money

Presented By:Presented By:

Jim Dalton – Director of Public Jim Dalton – Director of Public Fire Protection - NFSAFire Protection - NFSA

Pertinent Questions Pertinent Questions About FiresAbout Fires

1. How many people die annually from fires ?1. How many people die annually from fires ?

2. Who are the victims ?2. Who are the victims ?

3. Where do they die ?3. Where do they die ?

4. When do they die ?4. When do they die ?

5. How do they die ?5. How do they die ?

6. List one concern you have about fire sprinklers.6. List one concern you have about fire sprinklers.

A Typical Residential Fire ScenarioA Typical Residential Fire Scenario From the time a fire starts, smoke detectors may operate within one minute.

Room temperatures at the ceiling when flashover occurs can reach 1,400 degrees.

Flashover can occur within 4 minutes from the time a fire starts.

From the time a fire starts, you generally will have less than five minutes to get out alive.

Your Fire ScenarioYour Fire Scenario

0 1 2 3 4 5 10 15 20

TIME LINE (minutes)A fire starts in your homeand you are awakened by the smoke detector.

Flashover Occurs

Ceiling temperature 1,400 degrees

0 1 2 3 4 5 10 15 20

A fire starts in your homeand you are awakened by the smoke detector.

TIME LINE (minutes)

Fire is accessed and water is now being applied to the fire

Count heads, notify neighbor, wake them, call fire dept.

Alert family of fire

Flashover Occurs

911 notifies fire dept. and fire dept. responds

20042004

U.S. Fire StatisticsU.S. Fire StatisticsSource NFPA Fire Journal Sept -Oct - 2005Source NFPA Fire Journal Sept -Oct - 2005

Over 1.55 Million FiresOver 1.55 Million Fires

More Than 3,900 Civilian DeathsMore Than 3,900 Civilian Deaths

17,785 Thousand Civilian Injuries17,785 Thousand Civilian Injuries

Over 8.3 Billion Dollars in Property LossOver 8.3 Billion Dollars in Property Loss

Total Cost of Fire Exceeds 88 Billion DollarsTotal Cost of Fire Exceeds 88 Billion Dollars

Additional Fire FactsAdditional Fire Facts

Every 82 seconds fire occurs in a U.S. residence.Every 82 seconds fire occurs in a U.S. residence.

Every 31 minutes a civilian is injured by fire.Every 31 minutes a civilian is injured by fire.

Eight out of ten fire deaths occur in the home.Eight out of ten fire deaths occur in the home.

U.S. Residential U.S. Residential Fire Problem*Fire Problem*

• A fire every 82 secondsA fire every 82 seconds

• 83% of fire deaths83% of fire deaths

• 80% of fire injuries80% of fire injuries

• 72% of structure fire property damage 72% of structure fire property damage

• 36% of fire-ground firefighter deaths36% of fire-ground firefighter deaths

*2004 NFPA*2004 NFPA

Fire Death and Injuries in Fire Death and Injuries in One- & Two-family Dwellings* One- & Two-family Dwellings*

(Percentage of Residential)(Percentage of Residential)

• Fire deaths:Fire deaths: 83%83%

• Fire injuries:Fire injuries: 74%74%

• Fire property damage:Fire property damage: 83%83%

• Fireground firefighter deaths:Fireground firefighter deaths:70%70%

*2004 NFPA*2004 NFPA

Young children, older adults, and physically and Young children, older adults, and physically and mentally challenged people face the highest risk of mentally challenged people face the highest risk of injury or death in residential fires.injury or death in residential fires.

Too often, people fail to respond appropriately to Too often, people fail to respond appropriately to the sound of a smoke detector, because they the sound of a smoke detector, because they assume it is a false alarm. Rather that exiting the assume it is a false alarm. Rather that exiting the building, they search to confirm the existence of a building, they search to confirm the existence of a fire, wasting the few precious minutes they may fire, wasting the few precious minutes they may have to escape.have to escape.

More Fire FactsMore Fire Facts

Fire TriangleFire Triangle

Fuel Oxygen

Heat

Fire

Fire SafetyFire Safety

Fire SafetyFire Safety

Prevention

Fire SafetyFire Safety

PreventionPrevention Early WarningEarly Warning andand

Exit DrillsExit Drills

Fire SafetyFire Safety

PreventionPrevention

ProtectionProtection

Early WarningEarly Warning andand

Exit DrillsExit Drills

What are Fire Sprinklers ?What are Fire Sprinklers ?

““Automatic Sprinklers are Automatic Sprinklers are individuallyindividually heat heat activated devices that are attached to a activated devices that are attached to a network of piping with water under pressure”network of piping with water under pressure”

Fire Sprinkler

Piping Water Under Pressure

How Do They Work ?How Do They Work ?

15 ft15 ft.. 15 15 ftft.

Fire Sprinklers DoFire Sprinklers DoWork!Work!

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

With SprinklersWithout Sprinklers

Sprinkler Impact on Life SafetySprinkler Impact on Life Safety

Health Care Hotels & Manufacturing Facilities Motels

Deaths Per Thousand FiresDeaths Per Thousand Fires

2.02.6

4.2

1.2

2.1

7.5

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

With SprinklersWithout Sprinklers

Sprinkler Impact On Sprinkler Impact On Property DamageProperty Damage

Dollar Loss Per Fire (millions)Dollar Loss Per Fire (millions)

Manufacturing Stores & Public Hotels & Offices Assembly Motels

12,900

27,800

10,500

18,000

6,200

16,100

4,500

10,200

Where areWhere areSprinklersSprinklersFound ?Found ?

What do FireWhat do FireSprinklers Cost ?Sprinklers Cost ?

New ConstructionNew Construction $.93 to $2.00 per sq. $.93 to $2.00 per sq.

ft.ft.

Existing Buildings Existing Buildings ( Increase by 50 % )( Increase by 50 % )

Who Installs Fire Who Installs Fire Sprinklers ?Sprinklers ?

JD's SprinklersThe Sprinkler Professionals

Special Qualifications are RequiredSpecial Qualifications are Required

What are ResidentialWhat are ResidentialSprinklers ?Sprinklers ?

How are Residential How are Residential Sprinklers Different ?Sprinklers Different ?Respond Approx. 5 Times FasterRespond Approx. 5 Times FasterLess Water NeededLess Water NeededDifferent Water ApplicationDifferent Water ApplicationLower Cost to InstallLower Cost to InstallMore Aesthetically PleasingMore Aesthetically Pleasing

How They Work!How They Work!

ResidentialResidentialSprinklers Do Work !Sprinklers Do Work !

YES !!

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Total1 Sprinkler2 SprinklersMore Than 2

Sprinkler Sprinkler Activations Per FireActivations Per Fire365

326

32 7

Pictures of sprinklers

What do Residential What do Residential Sprinklers Cost ?Sprinklers Cost ?

Average cost of 1% - 1.5% of new construction

1 1

1 1ONE DOLLAR

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

ONE

National Institute of National Institute of Standards and TechnologyStandards and Technology

““Estimates that installing smoke detectors Estimates that installing smoke detectors and residential sprinklers in dwellings could and residential sprinklers in dwellings could reduce fire fatalities by eighty two percentreduce fire fatalities by eighty two percent.”

0 1 2 3 4 5 10 15 20

A fire starts in your homeand you are awakened by the smoke detector.

Ceiling temperature 165 degrees

TIME LINE (minutes)

Residential Fire Sprinklers Operate

““Look Up For Safety”Look Up For Safety”In the Future …In the Future …

Where you :Where you : livelive workwork or playor play

Because Fire Sprinklers Save Because Fire Sprinklers Save LivesLives and and Money, Money,

Protect what You Value MostProtect what You Value Most..

• TraditionTradition

• HeritageHeritage

• DogmaDogma

• Legacy Legacy