FIRE REQUIREMENTS

abdul hadi abd hamid

for high rise especially SoHo

azeme azman

DEFINITION

Fire protection in buildings

The UBBL 1984 requires all buildings to have minimum structural integrity based on its usage.

Elements of construction can only be effective as fire breaks if they have the necessary degree of fire resistance

INSULATION INTEGRITY STABILITY

The three criteria of fire resistance:

Guide to fire protection in Malaysia – 3.4

Good building design with fire safety

measures

• Provide adequate fire appliances, fire hydrants & other facilities to assist fire & rescue personnel

• Provide adequate fixed installation, where appropriate, for quick & effective detection & extinguishment of fires

• Designing & installing building services so that they do no assist the spread of fire, smoke or toxic fumes

• Designing & providing adequate and safe escape routes for the occupants of the building

• Selecting materials for the construction which will not promote the rapid spread of fire or generate dangerous smoke

• Subdividing buildings into compartments of reasonable sizes by means of fire resisting walls & floors, providing fire stops to protect openings between floors & compartments

• Designing & constructing the exterior of a building so that fire is unlikely to spread to it from another burning building

PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION

PURPOSE GROUPS

By LAW - 134

residential + office + shops

MIXED USE BUILDINGS

Where a building contains usage falling under different purpose groups and

each is contained within compartment, by-law 215 of the UBBL allows the

height of each part of the building housing a different purpose group, if they are

vertically separated, to be considered separately for compliance with Schedule

6, 7, 9 in the UBBL

FIRE APPLIANCES

ACCESS

DESIGN NOTES

• Vehicular access to the exterior of a building is needed to enable high

reach appliances to be used & to enable pumping appliances to supply

water & equipment for fire fighting & rescue activities

• Access requirement increase with building size & height

• The table in By- law 140 (above) shows the proportion of the building

perimeter that must be accessible to fire fighting appliances

one-sixth one-half

three-fourth island site

• Away from obstructions such as

street furniture, phone booths,

etc

• Not less than 2m from adjacent

buildings & overhangs

• Between 0.61m to 2.4m from

Fire Appliance Access

• Away from risks vehicular

• Not more than 90m apart from

each other (in new buildings

adjacent to existing

developments, a new hydrant or

hydrants will have to be

provided if there is no hydrant

within 45m radius of the new

building)

EXISTING FIRE HYDRANT(hotel Malaya site)

MEANS OF ESCAPE

By-law 229 – Means of access & fire fighting in buildings over 18.3

meters high

• Must provide gaining access and fighting fire from within the building

consisting of fire fighting access lobbies, fire fighting staircases, fire lifts and

dry or wet rising systems

• Fire fighting access lobbies shall be provided at every floor & the level

distance from the furthermost point of the floor does not exceed 45.75

meters

• Fire fighting access lobbies may be omitted if the fire fighting staircase is

pressurised to meet the requirements of by-law 200

• A fire fighting staircase shall be provided to give direct access to each fire

fighting access lobby & shall be directly accessible from outside the building

at fire appliance access level

• A fire lift shall be provided to give access to each fire fighting access lobby

or in the absence of a lobby to the fire fighting staircase at each floor level

• The fire lift shall discharge directly into the fighting access lobby fire fighting

staircase or shall be connected to it by a protected corridor

MEANS OF ESCAPE is to direct a shortest route to a

place of safety, such as outside the building, or if still

within a building, a protected or isolated passageway,

stairs or refuge areas which lead to the outside

building

STOREY EXIT is a fire rated door to a protected

staircase or a corridor protected with a fire resisting

structure in accordance with the 9th schedule to these

By-laws & in the case of ground floor accommodation

storey exit means a door leading direct to a place

safety outside the building

Arrangement of storey exits

The principle of this clause is that once the escape route is inside a protected zone, then

the route shall remain protected all the way to the final exit.

FIRE LIFTS means lifts capable of being commandered

for exclusive use of firemen in emergency

Design requirement

• Location of fire lifts

• Number of fire lifts

• Numbers of floor to be served

• Lift well/shaft

• Landing doors

• Other requirement for fire lifts

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION

SYSTEM

sprinkler system

To detect, control and extinguish a fire

To warn the occupants of the occurrence of fire

sprinkler system

hose reel system

“ intended for the occupant to use during the early stages of fire ”

• Hose reel:

• 30m coverage of each hose

reel

• One hose reel for every

800sq.m of usable floor space

• Located along escape routes

or besides exit doors or

staircase

design requirements

hose reel system

CASE STUDY

City Bank Tower

MENARA CITIBANK

fire safety

HIGH ZONE

Level 36-48

MID ZONE

Level 20-35

LOW ZONE

Level 9-19

>> The fire fighting system of Menara

Citibank is divided into 3 zones

>> One person is in charge in the Fire

Control Room (FCR)

equipments

>>Emergency intercom system provide automatic zoned announcement in the event of fire

>>Smoke detector - corridors

>>Sprinkler - all offices and rooms

>>Alarm sounder- all the offices

>>Break glass - all the offices fire alarm panel

Alarm sounder

Sprinkler

>>Roller shutter -

basement and lobby

>>Pressurization fans-

stairways and lobby

Roller shutter

Pressurization

fans

equipments

>>Hose reel and fire hose

>>CO2 fire extinguishing installations

Motorized

damper

inside outside

Smoke detector

Sprinkler

Alarm sounder

Roller shutter

Pressurization fans

Hose reel & fire hose

Break glass

CO2 fire extinguishing installations

FIRE ALARM

PANEL

MANUAL

equipments

procedures when fire happen

>> The building management office will be in

control-including answering all the coming in calls

>>All lifts will go down automatically

>>The roller shutter activated - at basement &

lobby

>>The pressurization fans on:

- to control the fire from spreading to other area

- help to reduce smoke - especially at the main fire

escape route

>>The air conditioning system turn off

>>When fire occurs at certain level, the evacuation will be starting from the 2 floor below the level and then 2 floor above. This method repeated until every level is covered. This is important to avoid from congestion in the fire escape route.

>>Every floor will be controlled by a warden. Priority will be given to the pregnant women and disable occupants.

procedures when fire happen

FIRE

Firstly evacuated

Secondly evacuated

REFERENCES

• Uniform building By-Laws 1984 (G.N. 5178/85)

• Guide to Fire Protection in Malaysia - Dato’ Hamzah Bin Abu

Bakar

• High Rise Manual, Johann Eisele, Ellen Kloft

THANK YOU