First 1st Part

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AZTEC EMPIRE


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The Aztec Empire

The Big Idea

Ang mga Aztecs ay nakapagtayo ng dakilang imperyo pero itoay nasakop ng mga Kastila noong 1521.

Main Ideas

Ang mga Aztecs ay nakapagtatag ng imperyo sapamamagitan ng pakikidigma at pangangalakal.

Sinakop ni Hernan Cortes ang imperyo ng Aztec.

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http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/CA_standards.doc


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Ang mga Aztec ay bumuo ng imperyo sapamamagitan ng pandirigma at pangangalakal.

Dahil ditto ay nakapagtatag sila ng malakingimperyo sa Mesoamerica.

Ang mga sinaunang Aztecs ay mga magsasaka ngunit nungsila ay napunta sa Central America, ang mga magandanglupain ay nakuha na. Para mabuhay kinailangan ng mga Aztecna maging mandirigma.


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Ang Pagusbong ng Kapangyarihan ng Aztecs.

Digmaan ang naging susi ng Aztec upang makabuo ngimperyo.

Ang Aztecs ay kumuha ng mga kasapi o partner paraitaguyod ang kanilang imperyo.

Ang mga sinakop ng Aztecs ay pinabayad ng bulak,pagkain at ginto bilang buwis.

Ang mga Aztecs ang humawak ng mga pangagalakal sabuong imperyo.

Nung 1500s ang mga Aztec ay nagging pinakamalakas atmayaman na estado sa buong Mesoamerica.


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Tenochtitln

Ang Tenochtitln ang naging sentro ng Imperyo ng Aztec. Itoay nasa gitna ng isang lawa na may isla.

Ang mga Aztecs ay gumawa ng causeways, o mataas ngdaan sa tubig o basang lupa upang marating ng mga taoang lungsod.

Ang mga Aztecs ay gumawa ng stone canals para magdalang tubig sa lungsod para sa floating gardens at mgapananim na pagkain at bulaklak.

May mga malalaking templo, pamilihan, malinis na kalye at

magagandang palasayo ang Tenochtitlan.

Ito ang pinakamatayog na lungsod sa Americas sa panahonng mga Aztecs.


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Sinakop ni Hernan Cortes angImperyo ng Aztecs

Noong 1500s ang mga sundalo ng Kastila ay narating angAmerika. Ang mga sundalo o conquistadors ay dumatingupang tuklasing ang mga lupain, maghanap ng ginto at

ipalaganap ang Relihiyon ng Katoliko


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Corts at Moctezuma

Ang maliit na grupo ng conquistador sa pamumuno niCorts ay narrating ang Mexico noong 1519.

Moctezuma II, ang lider ng Aztec, pinaniwalaan na isangdiyos si Corts.

Si Moctezuma ay nagbigay ng mga regalo at ginto kayCortes.

Binihag ni Corts si Moctezuma. Lumaban ang ibang mgaAztecs at matagumpay nilang napaalis si Cortes at angkanyang tauhan pero napatay si Moctezuma.

Noong 1521 bumalik si Corts kasama ang mga kasapingIndians. Natalo nila ang Aztecs at nasakop nila ang imperyong Aztecs.


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Causes of the Defeat of the Aztecs

Kampihan. Ang mga Kastila ay nakisap sa mga ibang Indianssa rehiyon na nagbigay sa kanila ng kagamitan,impormasyon at mga mandirigma.

Sandata. Ang mga Kastila ay may mas magagandangsandata kumpara sa mga Aztecs. May canyon, armas,espada at mga kabayo na wala ang mga Aztecs.

Heograpiya. Nagawa ng mga Kastila na alisan ng probisyonng tubig at pagkain ang mga Aztec na nagdulot ngpagkamatay ng Aztec sa gutom.The Spanish were able to

cut off the capital city. The people had no food or water, somany Aztecs died of starvation.

Sakit. Ng dumating ang mga Kastila ay nagdala sila ng sakittulad ng small pox na naging sanhi ng pagkamatay ngmaraming Aztec.


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Pamumuhay at Lipunan ng Aztec

The Big Idea

Ang mga Aztecs ay nakabuo ng Sistema ng lipunan, relihiyon,sining at agham sa kanilang imperyo.

Main Ideas

Ang lipunan ng Aztec ay nahati base sa ginagapanan atklase.

Ang relihiyon ng Aztec ay kinakailangan ng pag-alay ng taoupang maging masaya ang mga diyos-diyosan.

Ang mga Aztecs ay may maraming narating sa aspeto ngagham, sining at wika.


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Ang lipunan ng Aztec ay nahati sa ginagamapanan

sa lipunan at klase.

Ang mga tao sa Aztec ay may mga ginagampanan. Angmga ginagampanan na ito at klase o estado sa lipunan angnagsisilbing tanda kung ano ang pamumuhay ng mga

lalake at babaeng Aztec sa pang araw araw. Sila aynahahati sa apat na klase:

Hari at Maharlika

Pari at Mandirigma

Negosyante at Manggagawa

Magsasaka at Alipin


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Hari at Maharlika

Ang hari ang pinakamakapangyarihan na tao sa lipunan ngAztec.

Ang hari ang namumuno sa batas, pangangalakal atdigmaan.

Ang mga maharlika ang tumutulong sa hari sapangangasiwa ng kaharian.

Maharlika ang kumukolekta ng tax at sila rin ang mgatagahatol. Pinapasa nila ang kanilang titolo sa kanilanganak.


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Pari at Mandirigma

Ang mga pari ay may malaking impluwensya sa mga buhayng Aztecs.

Maraming gawain ang mga pari. Sila ang nagdedesisyonkung kelan magtatanim at kung kelan magkakaron ng mgaseremonya.

Ang mga mandirigma ay marami din gawain. Sila angnakikipaglaban para makahuli upang ialay sa kanilangdiyos. Nagdala din ng yaman sa imperyo ang mgamandirigma ng aztec. Respetado ang mga mandirigma.


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Negosyante at Manggagawa

Naglilikom ng mga produkto galing sa ibat ibang panig ngimperyo ang mga negosyante upang ibenta sapangunahing merkado.

Maraming negosyante ay mayaman at ginagamit nila angkanilang pera para sa pagpapagawa ng malalaking bahay

at pagpapaaral ng kanilang mga anak sa pribadongpaaralan.

Ang mga manggagawa ay mayaman rin at importante samga aztecs. Sila ang gumagawa ng mga gintong alahas.


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Magsasaka at Alipin

Ang magsasaka at alipin ang pinakamababang klase salipunan ng aztec.

Marami sa imperyo ng Aztec ay mga magsasaka at angkanilang pananim ay mais, beans at iba pang pananim.

Mahirap lang ang mga magsasaka at wala silang sarilinglupain.

Ang mga alipin ay ang mga nahuli sa digmaan at mga hindinakakabayad sa kanilang utang. Ang hindi sumunod sakanila ay inaalay sa kanilang diyos.


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Aztec religion required human sacrifice

for keeping the gods happy.

The Aztecs believed that they had to feed the gods. Mostsacrifices were enemy warriors.


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Aztec Sacrifices

The Aztecs believed that keeping the gods happy meantthat their lives would be blessed.

The greatest number of sacrifices were made to the war godHuitzilopochtli and the rain god Tlaloc.

Priests led the sacrificial rituals, which took place on top ofthe temples that had been built.

Humans were sacrificed because it was believed that thehuman hearts and blood would feed the gods and keepthem strong.

Aztec priests sacrificed as many as 10,000 victims a year inreligious sacrifices.


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The Aztecs had many achievements in science, art,

and language.

The Aztecs valued learning and art. Aztec scientificachievements, artistic traditions, and language contributed totheir culture.


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Scientific Achievements

The Aztecs studied astronomy and created a calendar muchlike the Mayan calendar.

The Aztecs also knew many different uses for plants. Theyknew of 100 different plants that could be used for medicine.


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Writing and Literature

The Aztecs had a complex writing system and kept extensivewritten records.

The Aztecs also had a very strong oral tradition.

They considered fine speeches very important and also

enjoyed riddles. Stories about ancestors and gods were also a part of the oral

tradition. The Aztecs told these stories to their children andpassed them down from generation to generation.

After the Spanish conquered the Aztecs, many of thesestories were written down.


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The Inca Empire

The Big Idea

The Incas built a huge empire in South America, but they wereconquered by the Spanish.

Main Ideas

The rise of the Inca Empire was due to conquest and theachievements of the Inca people.

Pizarro conquered the Incas and took control of the region.

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Main Idea 1:The rise of the Inca Empire was due to conquest and

the achievementsof the Inca people.

In South America, another great empire arose. That empirebelonged to the Inca.


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Incan Empire

Pre-Inca civilization began to develop in what is now Peru.Four major cultures developed and built some of SouthAmericas first cities.

The early Incas began as a small tribe in the Andesmountains. A ruler named Pachacuti led the Incas to expand

their territory through agreements with, or conquests of, othertribes.

Later Inca rulers continued to expand their territory. By the1500s the Incan Empire was huge and had 12 millionpeople.


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The Incan Government

As the Incas conquered more people, they had to devise a way tocontrol them.

They made the conquered leaders move out of their villages andmove in with leaders who were loyal to the Inca government.

The Inca made the children of the conquered leaders come to the

Incan capital to learn about Incan ways.

The Incas established an official language, Quechua.

They controlled the economy by having the Inca pay a tax with theirlabor.

There were no markets or merchants. Instead, the government woulddistribute goods. Leftover goods were stored in the capital foremergencies.


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Main Idea 2:Pizarro conquered the Incas and took

control of the region.

A civil war began in the Inca Empire between the two sons ofthe king, Atahualpa and Huscar. Atahualpa eventually wonthe war and ruled the empire.


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The Fall of the Incas

Although Atahualpa had won the war, the infighting had weakenedthe empire.

A group of conquistadors led by Francisco Pizarro arrived in theempire. They demanded that Atahualpa convert to Christianity.

When Atahualpa refused to convert, the conquistadors attacked the

Inca, and thousands were killed.

The Incas tried to free Atahualpa with a roomful of gold and silver,but the Spanish killed him anyway.

The Spanish defeated the last of the Inca, and the empire fell in1537.

The Spanish had superior weapons and horses.

They brought diseases that weakened the native peoples.


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Inca Life and Society

The Big Idea

Many kinds of people make up Inca society in an empireknow for grand architecture and complex oral literature.

Main Ideas

For the Inca, position in society affected daily life.

The Incas made great achievements in building, art, and oralliterature.

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Main Idea 1:For the Incas, position in society affected daily life.

Inca society had two main social classesan upper and alower class. The Incas from Cuzco,the capital, made up theupper class.


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Upper Class

Kings, priests, andgovernment officials madeup the Inca upper class.

Men worked for the

government, and womenhad household duties.

Sons went to school.

Upper-class families hadmany privileges, such as

private schools, stonehouses, and the bestclothes.

Lower Class

The lower class was madeup of farmers, artisans,and servants. There wereno slaves in Inca society.

They worked ongovernment farms, servedin the army, worked inmines, or built roads.

Most children did not go to

school, but instead learnedto farm.

Society and Daily Life


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Religion in the Inca Empire

The Inca Empire had an official religion.

When they conquered new regions, they taught this religionto the conquered people.

They allowed the conquered people to worship their own

gods as well. The god of the sun was the most important god to the Incas.

They believed their kings were related to the sun god.

The Incas rarely sacrificed humans. Instead, they sacrificedllamas, cloth, or food.


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Main Idea 2:The Inca made great achievements in building, art,

and oral literature.

The Incas had strong traditions of building, art, and storytelling.Many of their creations still exist today.


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Inca Contributions to Culture

The Inca were known for their massive buildings and fortsmade of huge stone blocks. Blocks were cut so precisely thateven today it is nearly impossible to fit a knife blade betweenthe stones.

The Inca also built a system of roads that connected all parts

of the empire.

The Inca artisans made jewelry of silver and gold.

Oral literature was made up of storytelling and songs. TheInca also passed down their songs, dances, and religious

practices.


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First 1st Part