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What is FIRST AID ?

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FIRST AID IS….

A matter of Common Sense

Application of mind

Swift Response

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DEFINITION

First AID is the help given to a person in case of SUDDEN INJURY or SICKNESS so that the INJURY/SICKNESS does not AGGRAVATE FURTHER and due to swift action further DETERIORATION is checked, same condition is maintained & recovery promoted till the arrival of Medical Help.

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SCOPE OF FIRST AIDFrom the definition four things are apparent :

PREVENT further deterioration

PRESERVE in the same condition

PROMOTE recovery

To arrange for regular Medical AID

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METHOD OF FIRST AID

Diagnosis

Treatment

Disposal

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PRIORITIES OF FIRST AID

Check BreathingCheck Blood lossTreat Shock

Treat FractureLook For Simple InjuriesDisposal

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CHECK BREATHING

Can Hear It

Can Feel It

Can Observe It

(Normal Person Breathes 15-18 Times In One Minute)

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ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION

Mouth To Mouth

Mouth To Nose@ 10 Breaths Per Minute

& Check Pulse

Give 2 ventilations if there is no breathing

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CHEST COMPRESSION(Give 30 Compression if there is no Circulation)

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RECOVERY POSITION (In case of unconscious casualty)

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FRACTURE

Any Breaking, Bending, Dislocation or Cracking of Bone is called Fracture.

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FRACTURE : SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

Pain

SwellingTenderness

Loss of PowerDeformityUnnatural Movement

Irregularity

Crapitus

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FRACTURE TREATMENT Make The Patient ComfortablePrevent Any MovementCheck BleedingTreat for ShockImmobilize the LimbGive SupportTransportation.

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WOUNDS Any cut in the outer surface of the body is a wound or impairment in the blood vessels.

Wounds are of two types:

OPEN

CLOSED (mostly head injuries)

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WOUNDS TREATMENT

LAYDOWN THE PATIENT OR ASK HIM TO SIT DOWN

LIFT THE LIMB IF POSSIBLE

APPLY PRESSURE – ON THE WOUND - ON PRESSURE POINT

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WOUNDS TREATMENT

In the case of INTERNAL BLEEDING:

APPLY COLD FORMULATIONS

APPLY TOURNIQUET (All precautions)

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BURNS & SCALDSBurn is an injury to the body by excessive heat or excessive cold.

Burns : Dry Heat (fire, flame, metal, sun, electricity etc and friction

Scalds : Moist Heat (steam, boiling water, milk, tea, oil etc)

ChemicalBurns : Acids : H2SO4 , Nitric Acid, Hcl

Alkalis : Caustic Soda, Potash, Ammonia or quick lime

Gases : Liquid O2 or Nitrogen

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BURNS & SCALDSMANAGEMENT

Reassure the patientClean wrap the woundCover the woundWash with fresh waterKeep the patient warmKeep hands above the heart & feet elevatedKeep the face prop & observe continuouslyCold pack may also be applied (not excessive cold)Do not remove clothingDo not break blistersTreat for shockMove quickly to hospitalRemove ring, watch, bangles, belt & bootsCan give weak soda & salt solution if patient is conscious and not vomiting.

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BURNS & SCALDSFOR MINOR BURNS

Clean the AreaSubmerge in waterGive soda & salt solutionCover DryWarm drinksWash well for chemical corrosive burnsCan also neutralize and diluteRemove contaminated clothingWash the face/eye sidewaysNo rubbing of eyes

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POISONPoison is any such thing which after coming into contact or entering the body is capable of causing harm or leads to death

It can be:

Accidental orIntentional

Can enter the Body:

Through mouth (solid or liquid)Through skin (injection or sting etc)Through nose (gases or toxic fumes)

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POISONTREATMENT

Call the doctor immediatelyKeep samples, if possible, of poison, bottle, box or vomitIf Unconscious

-Do not induce vomiting-Keep the patient in recovery position-Artificial respiration, if needed

If Conscious-Give enough water to drink-Do not induce vomiting if acid, alkali or any other chemical is taken-Induce vomiting in other cases

(a) By luke warm salty water(b) By irritating tongue/throat

Give antidote if availableKeep the patient warm

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SIMPLE INJURY Disinfect the wound

Wash with water

Cover with any clean thing

Don’t apply any lotion except diluted mercurochrome Tincture Iodine etc.

Use disinfectant sprays if available

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FIRST AID BOX

Large : 17 ½” x 10” x 6 ½”

Medium : 16” x 7 ¾” x 4”

Small : 5” x 3 ½” x 2 ½”

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FIRST AID BOX

Equipment

CONTENTS

DressingsMedicine for Local Application

Medicine for OralApplication

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FIRST AID BOX

Safety Pins

Equipment

ScissorsPad & Pen

Measuring Cup

TorchSplints

Bamboo Sticks

Cotton Wool

Dressings

Sterilised DressingsEye PadAdhesive PlasterRoller BandagesTriangular BandagesGauzeBand-aidsStretch Bandage

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FIRST AID BOX

Savlon/Dettol

For Local Application

Eye drops/OintmentTincture Iodine

Tincture Benzoin

Iodex etc.

Salt

For Oral Application

Sugar

Sodamint

Aspirin(250-350 mg.)

Medicines

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EYEFOREIGN OBJECTSLOCAL INJURYBLEEDINGS

– Internal – External

Over exposureAny inflammation or infection

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DONT’S

DO NOT RUB THE EYES

DO NOT PANIC

DO NOT USE ANY MEDICINE

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DO’S

KEEP CALM

REMOVE FOREIGN OBJECTS IF POSSIBLE

GIVE COLD COMPRESS IN CASE OF INTERNAL BLEEDING

WASH THE EYE WITH FRESH WATER FOR

– ANY CHEMICAL BURN– SMALL FOREIGN OBJECT

TRAFFIC SIGNAL

Stop, look, listen, look again, look again.Stop, look, listen, look again, look again.Then cross the road with SAFETY on your brain!Stop, look, listen, look again, look again.

TRAFFIC LIGHTS

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STOP

READY

GO

Hand Signal – Police

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TRAFFIC LIGHTS(Pedestrian Go)

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TRAFFIC LIGHTS(Pedestrian stop)

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Traffic warning signals

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