First Aid for Various Injuries and Accidents

8/11/2019 First Aid for Various Injuries and Accidents.

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First Aid for Various

Injuries and Accidents


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First Aid Cabinet

Should be placed visibly and conveniently.Should contain the following items:

Assorted size bandages (not less than 6)Sterile gauze (not less than 6)Cotton wool (1 roll)

Adhesive plaster (1 roll) A bottle of analgesic (e.g. aspirin) A towel and soap An eye wash bottle


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An antiseptic (iodine solution)250ml solution of the following:

1 % acetic acid

1% sodium bicarbonate1% boric acid1% ammonium hydroxide3% copper sulphate solution

A bottle of milk of magnesia


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A checklist of all items should beattached in the box

All items should be clearly and properly

labeledPrescription of the solution and directionfor its use must accompany the label

All items must be checked regularly


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First Aid Procedures

Burns

1.Heat Burns Immerse burnt area in very cold water until

pain is relieved

If burn causes wound, cover area withsterile gauze to prevent infection


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2. Chemical Burns

Flush burnt area with large quantities ofwater for at least 15 minutesSeek medical attention

Small Burns Acids wash with water. Apply 1% sodium

bicarbonate solution. Wash with wateragain


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Alkalis same as for acids but use 1% aceticacid instead of bicarbonate solution

Bromine wash with water then apply diluteammonia ( 1 part to 15 parts water )

Sodium and potassium remove the metal withtongs and then float in water for 20 minutes.Dry and cover with sterile gauze

Phosphorus wash with water then bathe in3% copper sulphate solution. Cover with wet

dressing.


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Cuts, Wounds and Fractures

If cut is slight and bleeding is not profuse:Remove dirt / glass. Wash under running

water. Apply a clean, dry sterile gauze.Go to hospital for stitches if necessary


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If bleeding is copious : Apply a large compress and with direct

pressure on the wound

Wounds:

Dont bandage tightly

Fracture :

Do not move the victimTreat for bleeding and shockWhen victim is to be transferred,

improvise a splint support


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Eye Injuries

Wash eye with plenty of waterDo not use water if a foreign material likeglass is in the eye

Do not try to remove foreign material inthe eyeCall for the doctor immediately


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Shock

Symptoms:PalenessCold

Moist skin with perspiration on theforehead and palmsVomitingShallow breathingTrembling


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Treatment:

The patient should be down with head lowerthan the body, kept warm and stillKeep the victims airway open

If he vomits turn his head on one side sothat the neck is arched


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Electric Shock

Switch of the current supplyStand on the insulated material (like rubbershoes / use rubber gloves / use a broom )

and push victim from the current sourceStart artificial respiration immediatelyKeep the victim warm using blanket

Call for the doctor


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Fainting

Lie the victim down in the openLoosen all clothing especially the collarPlace his head between his knees until it

flushes redSmelling salt should be useWhen conscious, give some cold water


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Poisoning

Poison in mouth:Split it out immediatelyWash with plenty of water

Send for a doctor at once


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Poison swallowed:If the victim conscious give 2 to 4 glasses

of water or milkInduce vomitingGive an emetic such as soap suds

Repeat until vomited fluid is clearDo not induce vomiting when poisoning isdue to strong acid or alkalis orhydrocarbonGive an demulcent like egg white, a glassof milk or a teaspoon of mineral oil


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Inhaled Poison

Remove patient to fresh airKeep the patient warm and restedIf breathing stop, begin the back pressurearm lift method of artificial respiration


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Poison By Skin Contact

Remove all form of contactRun water trough the affected area withplenty of soapNever apply antidotes such as alkali toacid and vice versa


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Methods Of Artificial Respiration

Mouth to Mouth MethodInspect the mouth and remove anyobstructions (e.g. dentures)Place victim on his back and loosen tightclothingTilting the head back raising the chinInsert your left thumb in the mouth, grasp

the lower jaw, lift it forcibly upwards andforwards


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Hold the lower jaw up and close the victimsnostrils by pinching with the finger

Breath in, open your mouth wide and placetightly over the victims mouth Blow gently and watch the chest rise


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Remove your mouth

Repeat blowing at the rate of 12 breathsper minuteIf no air exchange, turn the victim on his

sideGive several sharp slap between theshoulder blades to dislodge foreignmatterRemove obstructionRepeat process


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Arm Lift Back Pressure Method

Place the victim in the face down positionFold the arm and placed hands on the top ofeach other

Turn victims face on one side with the cheekupon his hand


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Kneel at the headPlace your hands under the arm just

above the elbows and lift themupwards

At the same time rocking yourselfbackwards drawing the arm towardsyou until you meet firm resistanceand tension


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Replace the arm on thefloorMove your hand to the mid-back just below theshoulder bladesRock forward with yourarms stiff and exertingpressureRepeat procedure ifrequired

Repeat the cycle for 12times per minute at a auniform rate

Documents

First Aid for Various Injuries and Accidents