First Pants Worn by Horse Riders of Central Asia 3,000 Years Ago-30.5.2014

8/12/2019 First Pants Worn by Horse Riders of Central Asia 3,000 Years Ago-30.5.2014

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Zhou (Chou) story - Newsbreak - 5/30/2014

First pants worn by horse riders of Central Asia 3,000 years ago

Oldest known trousers oriinated in Central !sia" but a#tually Zhou a$e with tubular so#ket

%our#e and other &inkshtt'//s15523215*onlineho+e*us/turki#/btn,!r#heoloy/Zhou/ost!n#ientZhou.utin*ht+htt's//www*s#ien#enews*or/arti#le/rst-'ants-worn-horse-riders-3000-years-aohtt'//ntrt*ru/inde$*'h'newsid204 htt'//news*+ail*ru/so#iety/14164/

7ntrodu#tion ! brie8 reiew o8 the 9uran 'eo'le #ulturesee on 'ae :*N* %tearns ;Zhou Culture


2/6

Celestial e+'ires were 8utilely s'ent on atte+'ts to re-edu#ate +illions o8 barbarians to swit#h to thereal #iiliAed 8ashion* 7n the end" so+e o8 those +illions Foined Chinese 'eo'le and turned into bonade Chinese in riht la'elled robes* %o+e o8 those Chinese retained their old ethni# na+e @u" like @u

Iintao*

=he horsewhi' was needed to a##o+'any the de#eased to the =enri 8or rein#arnation* 7n the year

1400 BC" the Buddhis+ had not been inented yet* 7t would take another 00 years to #o+e u' withthe Buddhis+ and its rein#arnation* By that ti+e" kurans" =enriis+" and rein#arnation would haee$isted 8or about +illennia* :robably not in the sa+e 8or+ as they #a+e down to us" but the kuransand trael ne#essities attest to the intended trael and rein#arnation* =he horse or horses o8 the Zhoutraeler +ust hae been interred in the i++ediate 'ro$i+ity o8 the de#eased" otherwise he would nothae rabbed a horsewhi' to o alon* Jn8ortunately" the 'antsK 'eo'le do not re'ort on the horsere+ains and its LN!" to ie us a #o+'lete 'i#ture o8 his +ount*

=he LN! o8 the =ari+ 'eo'le is 'oliti#ally hihly #hared and there8ore is a uarded Chinese statese#ret subFe#t" larely known 8ro+ years o8 sensationaliAed and hihly de+aoued re'orts onCau#asoid ;7ndo-uro'eans< s'eakin ;=okharian< lanuae on one side" and Chinese #ounter

de+aoy on the other side* =he aailable bits and 'ie#es suest Central !sian (read =Erki#) and7ndian +ales and +ostly lo#al eastern ladies* Con8usion" densely airbrushed by 'o'ulation eneti#s"blots the 'i#ture" leain +etallury to lead the eld with 're#ise" eriable" and #onsistent data*

=he +ost strikin is the tubular so#ket a$" an i+'le+ent so uniMue and dianosti# that it beats by a+ile the 3400-year aed +odel o8 the 'ants* =he tubular so#ket a$ is an oddity in the world o8 a$es" itis known 8ro+ the early 'eriod o8 the bronAe #astin" and only 8ro+ the li+ited areas o8 northern hillso8 the eso'ota+ia" !ltai and surroundin %outh %iberia" and the northern areas o8 what is Chinatoday* 7t is known 8ro+ the to+bstone s#ul'tures routinely attributed to the %#ythians (or Ci++erians)"and dated a##ordinly to the 'ost-th #ent* BC* =hat datin surely needs eri#ation by instru+ented+ethods* =he tubular so#ket a$es belon to the %te''e etallury na+ed by * Chernykh ast !sianetalluri#al :roin#e (Chernykh * %te''e etallury)* =he iddle BronAe !e +etalluri#al 'eriod o8100-1200 BC in#ludes #onstituent ar#heoloi#al #ultures o8 3300 - 2300 BC 8or :it .rae Culture" 2"500 - 1" 500 BC 8or !8anasie Culture" 100 - 1200 BC 8or =i+ber .rae Culture" 100 - 1200 BC 8or

!ndrono Culture" 1400 - 600 BC 8or 9arasuk Culture* 7n the +etalluri#al 'eriodiAation" they belon tothe third stae o8 the ast - ?est s'rawl in the 3rd-2nd +ill* BC* =he early 'hase o8 the urasian

'roin#e" dated 2-22 #enturies BC" is re+arkable be#ause o8 the start o8 two swi8t#ounter-'ro'aatin ;waes< o8 the 'astoral 'eo'lesK +iration 8ro+ the west to the east and 8ro+ theeast to the west that le8t their tubular so#ket tra#es in eso'ota+ia" %outh %iberia" and the northernChina o8 today*

=he tubular so#ket a$ was but a sinle #o+'onent o8 the ;%#ythian #o+'le$< that also in#luded other'e#uliar +etalluri#al and non-+etalluri#al obFe#ts" not ne#essarily interred with the de#eased asattire or trael utensils* =hese distin#t obFe#ts in#luded sy+boli# bronAe kni8es that with ti+e turnedinto round and sMure #oins" and turtle shell notebooks that arried with the Zhou 'eo'le* =histra#eable uniMue +odel o8 the a$ allows to #onne#t the .uties in the west with the Zhous in the east"and s'e#ulate that .uties stand 8or .uAes" a eneti# =Erki# 8or ;tribe


3/6

and an insert 8or the #rot#h* Ginished 'ants in#luded side slits" strins 8or 8astenin at the waist andwoen desins on the les* $'erts beliee that the 'ants beloned to one o8 !sian no+ads* =he nd#onr+s that the no+ads sewed s'e#ial #lothin to ride on horseba#k*

Jlrike Be#k and ayke ?aner o8 the .er+an !r#haeoloi#al 7nstitute in Berlin studied toether with#olleaues two 'airs o8 woolen trousers burial in astern =urkistan* adio#arbon analysis showed thatthey were about 3" 300 - 3" 000 years old*

Gor +ost o8 the an#ient history 'eo'le wore owns" robes" tuni#s" toas or" as obsered on the 5"300-year-old body o8 WtAi the 7#e+an" a three-'ie#e #o+bination o8 loin#loth and indiidual leins*=rousers is a relatiely re#ent innoation* Jntil now" the oldest 'ants were #onsidered to #o+e 8ro+Ne'al" their ;ae< is only 2" 400 years* arlier" the lo#als wore skirts and #a'es* But when ridina''eared" it #a+e with 'ants*

!##ordin to s#ientists" this #onr+s the lon-held assu+'tion that the a''earan#e o8 the rst 'antswas asso#iated with the horse ridin* =he woolen trousers had in the #rot#h sewn a 'ie#e o8 8abri#

'rote#tin this 'art o8 the hu+an body" and 'roided a #loser ri' o8 the inner thih" reMuired at ridinon a horseba#k*

=he s#ientists were stru#k by another another nd* e#onstru#tion o8 the ndins showed that thewide #rot#h 'art o8 the an#ient 'ants was hanin by 8olds" e$a#tly in a 8ashion o8 the =Erki# 'ants onestill #an see in =urkey* One o8 the ?aner #olleaues tried the 'ants sewn a8ter the 'atterned o8 theoldest 'ants" and #on#luded that they were ;e$tre+ely un#o+8ortable when walkin


4/6

Gi* 6 :hase in 8or+ation o8 the urasian etalluri#al :roin#e*

=wo #ounter-'ro'aatin waes in the s'read o8 the #ultural 8or+ations* !sterisks denote to+bs andsan#tuaries" 'oints and oal sha'es denote isolated nds o8 +etal o8 the %ei+a-=urbino a''earan#e

=he kuran #e+eteries al+ost disa''eared beyond the Jrals the an#ient ritual o8 #onstru#tion rae+ounds was Mui#kly dyin there* !r#haeoloists dis#oered +any illaes o8 that #o++unity" but as arule the settle+ents were not i+'ressie with their lare siAe*

=he %intashta/!basheo/:etro #ulture dis'lay ty'i#al traits o8 the 'ea#e8ul #oloniAation anda+ala+ation* =he aboriinal 8oot hunter 'o'ulation #ontinued their traditional non-'rodu#ine#ono+y" with lare tra#ts o8 8orest needed 8or the sustenan#e o8 ea#h 8a+ilyX that li+ited the siAe o8the illaes 8ar+in natural resour#es within the i++ediate i#inity* =he new#o+ers brouht alontheir 'rodu#in ani+al husbandry e#ono+y that did not #o+'ete with the aboriinal e#ono+y* =heyenaed aboriines into +etal 'rodu#tion as su''liers o8 the ore and #har#oal" and 'ossibly o8 theinots* On the so#ial leel" a+ala+ation went on as inter-ethni# +arital unions* 7n the lino o8

'hysi#al anthro'oloy" the no+ads o8 the western 'art o8 the ste''e belt are ter+ed %outhernurasian !nthro'oloi#al Gor+ationX these are the 'eo'le #alled 9urans within the 7ndo-uro'eanlinuisti# Jrhei+at hy'othesis* =he northern 8oot hunters are ter+ed Northern urasian

!nthro'oloi#al Gor+ation" they o##u'ied the northern belt o8 urasia 8ro+ the ?hite %ea to theBaraba ste''es" and are ter+ed ar#heoloi#ally :itYCo+b ?are Cultures (*Bunak" 15" =*Chikishea"2010)*

&ike the :ilri+s s* !+erindians" like the #onMuistadors s* esoa+eri#ans" and like any other#olonial e$'ansion" the no+adi# new#o+ers are relatiely 8ew" and barely isible ar#heoloi#allyX buttheir isibility +ay be relatiely hih i8 the isibility o8 the aboriinal ar#heoloi#al ba#kdro' is eenless 'ro+inent" and i8 their ar#heoloi#al #ulture is ery distin#t* %oon" their oHs'rins be#o+e

'hysi#ally indistinuishable 8ro+ the aboriinal 'o'ulation" e$#e't 8or their #ontinued e#ono+i#al andso#ial traditions" obsered as disa''earin kuran #e+eteries* =he e#ono+i#al and +arital #o+'a#ts+ay #ontinue indenitely" until a new u'heaal #hanes the s#enery*

=he se#ond no+adi# ;wae< (or the eastern i+'ulse) ery Mui#kly arose a ery deelo'ed ty'e o8+etallury in the ast areal o8 the %ayano-!ltai +ountain syste+* =he relatiely 'ri+itie +etalluri#al#enters o8 the 're#edin 'eriod went throuh a sudden burst o8 hih-te#h 'rodu#tion o8 thin-walledbronAe #astins o8 ne and 'er#han#e uniMue 8or+s o8 wea'ons* =here were #ast s'earheads" kelt


5/6

a$es" #ured knies with s#ul'ted i+aes o8 arious ani+als and een hu+ans (Gi* 2)* =he ast+aFority o8 these obFe#ts were 8ound in ery strane #enota'h raes" where ar#haeoloists hae8ound no hu+an re+ains* =he width o8 the distribution area o8 these unusual antiMuities is a+aAin8ro+ the ?estern and een Central China" to the astern Balti#" i*e*" +ore than si$ thousand k+* But inthis enor+ous territory were 8ound sur'risinly s+all nu+ber o8 these +etal obFe#ts" not +ore thansi$ hundred*

Giure 2* %o+e 8or+s o8 the %ei+a-=urbino ty'e +etal 'rodu#ts

Emergence of the East Asian Metallurgical Province

%o+e #lue on the oriin o8 the ast !sian etalluri#al :roin#e is ien by the 'roenan#e o8 theuniMue tubular so#ket a$es" that 8ollow the 'ra#ti#e o8 tubular so#ket arrowheads and s'ear blades*%u#h tubular so#ket a$es were 8ound in eso'ota+ia" in the !ltai" and in the Northern China* 7n theeso'ota+ia" they are attributed to the no+adi# horse #attle+en .uties (.uAes)" =uruks (=Erk)"9o+ans (9u+ans)" 9anars" %ubars" and &ulu" in China they are asso#iated with the no+adi# horse#attle+en Zhou (Ious" IuA ;union" tribal #on8ederation


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o8 the ussian state* Cossa#ks were =Erki# +er#enaries o8 arious tribal ethni#ity" enerally dened bytheir an#estral lo#ation Vaik Cossa#ks" Lon Cossa#ks" =erek Cossa#ks" et#* Cossa#ks were hired 8or adeter+ined season" or a deter+ined #a+'ain or task*

@oweer" in the se#ond hal8 o8 the 2nd +ill* BC the no+adi# 'astoralists o8 the ast !sian etalluri#al:roin#e dra+ati#ally #haned the orientation o8 their aressie intentions* @en#e8orth" their eyes

8o#used +ainly on the southeast (Gi* 3)" where rose ri#hest #ultural #enters o8 the an#ient Chinesestate #alled %han (Vin)" whi#h #enters are +ainly #onne#ted with the @uanhe (Vellow ier) basin* =heste''e e$tra#ts" whose #ulture ar#haeoloists #all 9arasuk" inherited +any wea'ons 8or+s 8ro+ the

'rior %ei+a-=urbino 'heno+enon" rst o8 all #astin the so-#alled sinle-eded #ured knies withde#orated handles (Gi* 2)* =hese 8or+s o8 wea'ons" or rather their i+itations" s'read throuhout theterritory o8 the %han 'rin#i'ality* !''arently" 8ro+ that ti+e oriinated the reat #on8rontationbetween the ste''e 'astoral warriors and an#ient and +edieal Chinese #iiliAations*

Giure 3* aFor i+'a#t dire#tions o8 the #ultural unions belonin to the northwestern (%ayan - !ltai)#enters o8 the ast !sian etalluri#al :roin#e durin the nal deelo'+ent o8 the urasian ;ste''ebelt< * =he western le o8 the eastward +iration 'asses the =ari+ Basin" #arryin the le8t la'elled

#a8tans" oldest ridin 'ants" ridin boots" tubular so#ket a$es" horsewhi's" #era+i# [asks" kaury(#owrie" #owry) shell diade+s" dress buttons" et#*

Giure 4* BronAes o8northern style" 8ro+ Gu

@aoKs to+b* (a) 9ni8e* (b)inors* (#) Bow-sha'ed

obFe#t

Giure 5* ObFe#ts 8ro+ arious nds at %hilou" %han$i*(a) .old earrins with turMuoise beads* (b) BronAe ar#(head orna+ent) (@unni# diade+)* (#) Battle a$e withtubular sha8t hole* (d) ?and or s'atula* () &adle* (8)

Bell-sha'ed rattle* () Boat sha'ed essel

Giure * !$es* %a+es#ale" (a) !$e o8 the

ty'e yue* (b) !$e o8 thety'e e* (#) !$e with

tubular so#ket

9eihtley L* %yno'sis o8 Zhou story
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First Pants Worn by Horse Riders of Central Asia 3,000 Years Ago-30.5.2014