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PROGRAMME CODE – UAHC06
ASSOCIATE DEGREE IN OPTOMETRY – SYLLABUS
FIRST YEAR
CODE SUBJECT CREDITS
UAHC06-1 OCULAR ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 8 CREDITS
UAHC06-2 OPTOMETRIC OPTICS 8 CREDITS
UAHC06-3 PRACTICAL - I 8 CREDITS
UAHC06-4 PRACTICAL – II 8 CREDITS
TOTAL 32 CREDITS
Page 1 of 11
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DETAILED SYLLABUS
UAHC06-1 OCULAR ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
UNIT 1 :Anatomy of Outer Layers of Eye ball
UNIT 2 : Anatomy of Middle Layers of Eye Ball
UNIT 3 : Anatomy of Inner Layers of Eye Ball
UNIT 4: Anatomy of Conjunctiva
UNIT 5 : Anatomy of Ocular Adnexa
UNIT 6: Physiology of Eyelid Movement
UNIT 7: Physiology of Pupillary reactions
UNIT 8: Ocular Vasculature
UNIT 9: Nerve supply for the coats of Eye ball
UNIT 10: Pupils, Pupillary pathway.
UNIT 11: Aqueous, anterior chamber and vitreous body
UNIT 12: Ocular Embryology
UNIT 13: Detailed study of orbit
UNIT 14: Lacrimal system
UNIT 15: CRANIAL NERVES: Optic nerve ,Coulometer nerve ,Trochlear nerve
,Trigeminal nerve ,Abducent nerve and Facial nerve
UNIT 16: Visual Pathway and its lesions
UNIT 17:Protective mechanisms in the eye
UNIT 18: Precorneal tear film, eyelids and lacrimation
UNIT 19: Extra ocular muscles (anatomy, innervations, action)
UNIT 20 : Ocular Movements
UNIT 21 : Intra Ocular Muscles and Movements
UNIT 22 : Eye lid Muscles and Movements
UNIT 23: Saccadic, smooth pursuit and Nystagmic eye movements
UNIT 24: Intra ocular pressure
UNIT 25: Crystalline lens and accommodation
UNIT 26: Accommodative pathway
UNIT 27: Dark and Light AdaptationsPage 2 of 11
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UNIT 28: Vision – general aspects of sensation
UNIT 29: refractive errors
UNIT 30: Visual acuity and its measurement
UNIT 31: Binocular vision and Development of binocular vision
UNIT 32: Central and cerebral connections
UNIT 33: Colour vision and colour defects.
UNIT 34: Contrast sensitivity
UNIT 35: Ocular Circulations
Page 3 of 11
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UAHC06-2 OPTOMETRIC OPTICS
UNIT 1:Introduction – Light & Electromagnetic spectrum
UNIT 2: Reflection, Refraction and Absorption
UNIT 3: Prisms – Definition, properties, Refraction through prisms, Thickness
difference, Base-apex notation and uses
UNIT 4: Lenses – Definition, units, terminology used to describe, form of lenses
UNIT 5: Vertex distance and vertex power, Effectivity calculations
UNIT 6: Lens shape, size and types i.e. spherical, cylindrical and Sphero-cylindrical
UNIT 7: Transpositions – Simple, Toric and Spherical equivalent
UNIT 8: Prismatic effect, centration, decent ration and Prentice rule
UNIT 9: Spherometer& Sag formula, Edge thickness calculations
UNIT 10: Magnification in plus lenses and minus lenses
UNIT 11: Aberration in Ophthalmic Lenses
UNIT 12: Raw materials of ophthalmic lenses ,History and General Outline
UNIT 13: Manufacturing of Ophthalmic Blanks – Glass & Plastics
UNIT 14: Terminology used in Lens Workshops
UNIT 15: Surfacing process from Blanks to lenses
UNIT 16: Definition & Materials (Glass, Plastics, Polycarbonate, Triology) types and
Characteristics
UNIT 17: Refractive index, specific gravity, UV cut off,
UNIT 18: Impact resistance , abbe value, Center thickness
UNIT 19: Best form of lenses
UNIT 20: Design of High Powered Lenses
UNIT 21: Hi-index lenses
UNIT 22: Calculation of Refractive index
UNIT 23: Bifocal designs, their manufacturing & uses (Kryptok, Univis D,
Executive, Invisible, Occupational)
UNIT 24: Progressive Addition Lenses
UNIT 25: Modified near vision lenses (designs, advantages, limitations)
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UNIT 26: Lens enhancements (Scratch resistant coatings – spin/dip, Anti-reflection
coating, UV coating, Hydrophobic coating, anti-static coating
UNIT 27: Lens defects – Description and Detection
UNIT 28: Glazing & edging (manual & automatic)
UNIT 29: Special lenses (Lenticulars, Aspherics, Fresnel lenses & Prisms,
Aniseikonic lenses)
UNIT 30: Photochromics Lenses
UNIT 31: Polaroids Lenses
UNIT 32: Tinted lenses – Tints, filters
UNIT 33: Classification of frames – Materials
UNIT 34: Colours and Temple position of frames
UNIT 35: Special purpose frames (sports, kids, reading)
Page 5 of 11
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PROGRAMME CODE – UAHC06
ASSOCIATE DEGREE IN OPTOMETRY – SYLLABUS
SECOND YEAR
CODE SUBJECT CREDITS
UAHC06-5 OPTOMETRY INSTRUMENTS &DISPENSING OPTICS 8 CREDITS
UAHC06-6 OCULAR DISEASES 8 CREDITS
UAHC06-7 PRACTICAL - I 8 CREDITS
UAHC06-8 PRACTICAL – II 8 CREDITS
TOTAL 32 CREDITS
Page 6 of 11
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DETAILED SYLLABUS
UAHC06-5 OPTOMETRY INSTRUMENTS & DISPENSING OPTICS
UNIT 1:OPTICS OF OCULAR STRUCTURE- Cornea and aqueous ,Crystalline
lens and Vitreous
UNIT 2: Schematic and reduced eye
UNIT 3: REFRACTIVE ANOMALIES AND THEIR CAUSES
UNIT 4:REFRACTIVE INSTRUMENTS - Test charts standards and Choice of test
charts for near and distance
UNIT 5: Trial Set and its lenses
UNIT 6: Refractor (phoropter) head units and Trial frame design
UINT 7: Objective Refraction :Retinoscope – types available, Objective optometers.
UNIT 8: Subjective Refraction ( Adjustment , Refinement & Binocular Balancing)
UNIT 9: Illumination of the consulting room.
UNIT 10: Potential Acuity Meter
UNIT 11:OPHTHALMOSCOPES AND RELATED DEVICES (Design of
ophthalmoscopes - illumination ,viewing, Ophthalmoscope disc, Filters for
ophthalmoscopy and Indirect Ophthalmoscope)
UNIT 12 :Lensometer
UNIT 13: Slit Lamp
UNIT 14: Tonometers
UNIT 15: Keratometer and corneal topography
UNIT 16: Color Vision Testing Devices
UNIT 17: Fields Of Vision And Screening Devices
UNIT 18: A Scans and Ultrasonography
UNIT 19:Examination of Visual System - History taking, Visual acuity estimation
UNIT 20: Extraocular motility examination with , Cover teat, Alternating cover test,
Hirschberg test, Modified Krimsky test
UNIT 21: External examination of the eye, Lid Eversion
UNIT 22: Schirmer’s, TBUT, and NITBUT (keratometer),
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UNIT 23: Confrontation test
UNIT 24: Digital pressure, Schiotz Tonometry, Applanation Tonometry
UNIT 25: Gonioscopy andAmsler test,
UNIT 26: Measuring Inter-pupillary distance (IPD) for distance & near,
UNIT 27: Lens & Frame markings, Pupillary centers, bifocal heights, Progressive
markings & adjustments – facial wrap, pantoscopic tilt
UNIT 28:Recording and ordering of lenses (power, add, diameter, base, material,
type, lens enhancements)
UNIT 29: Neutralization – Hand &lensometer
UNIT 30: Axis marking and prism marking
UNIT 31: Faults in spectacles (lens fitting, frame fitting, patients complaints,
description, detection and correction)
UNIT 32: Final checking & dispensing of spectacles to customers
UNIT 33: Counseling on wearing & maintaining of spectacles
UNIT 34: Spectacle repairs – tools, methods, soldering, riveting, frame adjustments
UNIT 35:Special types of spectacle frames (Monocles ,Ptosis crutches, Industrial
safety glasses, Welding glasses)
Page 8 of 11
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UAHC06-6 OCULAR DISEASES
UNIT 1: Proptosis( Classification,Causes,Investigations) and Enophthalmos
UNIT 2: Developmental Anomalies of Orbit
UNIT 3 : Orbital Inflammations (Preseptal cellulites, Orbital cellulitis Orbital
Periostitis, cavernous sinus Thrombosis)
UNIT 4: Grave’s Ophthalmopathy
UNIT 5: Orbital tumors( Dermoids, capillary haemangioma, Optic nerve glioma)
UNIT 6: Congenital anomalies of lids (Ptosis,Coloboma,Epicanthus,Distichiasis,
Cryptophthalmos)
UNIT 7: Oedema of the eyelids (Inflammatory, Solid, Passive edema)
UNIT 8: Inflammatory disorders of eye lids (Blepharitis, External Hordeolum,
Chalazion, Internal hordeolum,,MolluscumContagiosum)
UNIT 9: Anomalies in the position of the lashes and Lid Margin (Trichiasis,
Ectropion, Entropion, Symblepharon, Blepharophimosis, Lagophthalmos,
Blepharospasm, Ptosis).
UNIT 10: Tumors of Eye Lids (Papillomas, Xanthelasma, Haemangioma, Basal
carcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma, sebaceous gland melanoma)
UNIT 11: LACRIMAL SYSTEM –Disorders ,The Dry Eye ( Sjogren’s Syndrome),
The watering eye ( Etiology, clinical evaluation)
UNIT 12: Dacryocystitis ,Swelling of the Lacrimal gland( Dacryoadenitis)
UNIT 13:Inflammations of conjunctiva ( Infective conjunctivitis – bacterial,
chlamydial, viral , Allergic conjunctivitis, Granulomatous conjunctivitis)
UNIT 14: Degenerative conditions of conjunctivitis ( Pinguecula, Pterygium,
Concretions)
UNIT 15: Hyperaemia, Chemosis, Ecchymosis, Xerosis, Discoloration of
conjunctiva
UNIT 16: Cysts and Tumors of conjunctiva
UNIT 17: Congenital Anomalies of Cornea (Megalocornea, Microcornea, Cornea
plana, Congenital cloudy cornea)
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UNIT 18: Inflammations of the cornea (Topographical classifications: Ulcerative
keratitis and Non ulcerative
UNIT 19: Etiological classifications of corneal diseases: Infective, Allergic, Trophic,
Traumatic, Idiopathic)
UNIT 20: Degenerations of Cornea ( classifications, Arcussenilis, Vogt’s white
limbal girdle, Hassal-henle bodies, Lipoid Keratopathy, Band shaped keratopathy,
Salzmann’s nodular degeneration, Droplet keratopathy, Pellucid Marginal
degeneration)
UNIT 21: Dystrophies of Cornea ( Reis Buckler dystrophy,Recurrent corneal erosion
syndrome, Granualrdystrophy,Lattice dystrophy, Macular dystrophy, cornea guttata,
Fuch’s epithelial endothelial dystrophy, Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy)
UNIT 22: Keratoconusand Keratoglobus
UNIT 23: Corneal oedema, Corneal opacity, Corneal vascularization and Penetrating
Keratoplasty
UNIT 24: Classification of uveitis ,Anterior Uveitis, Posterior Uveitis, Purulent
Uveitis
UNIT 25: Endophthalmitis, Panophthalmitis, Pars Planitis
UNIT 26: Tumors of uvealtract( Melanoma)
UNIT 27: Episcleritis and scleritis
UNIT 28: Congenital and Developmental Disorders Retina( Optic Disc: Coloboma,
Drusen, Hypoplasia, Medullated nerve fibers; Persistent Hyaloid Artery)
UNIT 29: Inflammatory disorders of Retina( Retinitis : Acute purulent , Bacterial,
Virus, mycotic)
UNIT 30: Retinal Vasculitis ( Eales’s), Retinal Artery Occlusion ( Central retinal
Artery occlusion), Retinal Vein occlusion ( Ischaemic, Non Ischaemic , Branch
retinal vein occlusion), Retinal degenerations : Retinitis Pigmentosa, Lattice
degenerations, Macular disorders: Solar retinopathy, central serous retinopathy,
cystoid macular edema, Age related macular degeneration., Retinal Detachement:
Rhegmatogenous, Tractional, Exudative) , Retinablastoma
UNIT 31: Cataract and its Classification
Congenital and Developmental cataract
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Acquired ( Senile, Traumatic, Complicated, Metabolic, Electric, Radiational,
Toxic)
Morphological: Capsular, Subcapsular, Cortical, Supranuclear, Nuclear, Polar.
Complications of cataract surgery
Displacement of lens: Subluxation, Displacement
Lens coloboma, Lenticonus, Microsperophakia.
UNIT 32: Lesions of the visual pathway
Pupillary reflexes and abnormalities (Amaurotic light reflex, Efferent pathway
defect, Wernicke’s hemianopic pupil, Marcus gunn pupil. Argyll Robetson pupil,
Adie’s tonic pupil)
UNIT 33: Optic neuritis, Anterior Ischemic optic neuropathy, Pappilloedema, optic
atrophy, Cortical blindness
UNIT 34: Nystagmus
UNIT 35: Glaucoma
Congenital glaucomas
Primary open angle glaucoma
Ocular hypertension
Normal Tension Glaucoma
Primary angle closure glaucoma ( Primary angle closure suspect, Intermittent
glaucoma, acute congestive, chronic angle closure)
Secondary Glaucomas
Page 11 of 11