29° 39' N, 82° 21 ' W

FirstLight Newsletter of the

Alachua Astronomy Club September 1995

Passing of a Giant Howard L. Cohen Nobel Prize Winner S. Chandrasekhar leaves a legacy of

supernovae, white dwarfs and black holes. His life remains a model for all who aspire to understand our universe.

One of the greatest intellectuals of the ages is dead at the age of 84.

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, died of heart failure Monday, August 21 at the University of Chicago Hospitals. Nobel Prize winner and developer of the theory of white dwarfs and other compact objects (now called neutron stars and black holes), Chandrasekhar was an intellectual beyond compare. Revered by his students and honored by his colleagues for his leading contributions to the fundamental understanding of stellar structure, he was one of the greatest astrophysicists of all time. He was a member of the University of Chicago for nearly 60 years where both his understanding of basic concepts of science, his enormous breadth of knowledge of diverse disciplines, and incredible productivity made people speak his name in almost godlike fashion. He was devoted to science and his students. Although scorned for his early theories of collapsed objects and challenged by encounters with racial prejudice, Chandrasekhar toiled tirelessly to teach and understand nature. His

efforts earned him twenty honorary degrees and election to twenty-one learned societies while winning many-coveted awards besides the Nobel Prize in physics (1983). Previously (1957) two of his students, T.D. Lee and C.N. Yang had won a Nobel Prize, thus confirming his care for others, talent for communi-cation, and comrnitment to his profession.

Chandrasekhar's birthplace was Lahore, in colonial India. The year was 1910, the same year well-known for the apparition of Comet Halley. His grandfather was a scholar, his father a civil servant, and his Uncle, C.V. Raman, a Nobel Prize winner himself. Chandra, as his friends and colleagues called him, did his post-graduate work at Cambridge University in England. Thereafter, Chandrasekhar spent most of his life affiliated with the University of Chicago. He became a U.S. citizen in 1953. His wife, Lalitha, of Hyde Park in Chicago, and two brothers and three sisters in England, survive him.

If you have access to the Internet's World Wide Web, go to the AAC's home page and jump to the memorial site set up by

FirstLight: Newsletter of the Alacl

the University of Chicago Astronomy Department. Here you can learn more about this unique individual, a man the scientific community will long mourn and honor. Here, too, you can read University of Chicago Press and Reuter's News Service press releases about his death, and reflect on the thoughts of those who were privileged to know him. If you do not have access to the Web, you can read his biography, Chandra: A Biography of S. Chandrasekhar by Kameshwar Wali (University- of Chicago Press, 1991).

Then go buy Chandrasekhar's last book, just published this summer, Newton's

Last Month's Talk: A Review — Pam Mydock

Asteroids, impact craters and the first asteroid discovered with its own natural satellite featured at August meeting.

Dr. Daniel D. Durda, Research Associate of the Lunar and

Planetary7 Laboratory of the University of Arizona, was the guest speaker at the meeting of the Alachua Astronomy Club Tuesday evening. His topic was "Ida and Dactyl: Big Craters and Little Moons," the discovery story of the first asteroid in our solar system with its own natural satellite. Durda presented images taken from the Galileo spacecraft as well as artist renderings of asteroids.

Durda was in Gainesville for the Inter-national Astrophysical Union Colloquium, sponsored by the University of Florida Department of Astronomy. Durda is just one of the many

Astronomy Club Page 2

Principle for the Common Reader (published by Clarendon Press of Oxford University, ISBN: 0-19851744-0). Here he tries to show the genius of Isaac Newton by translating Newton's master-piece into the language of modern mathe-matics, which he knew so well. Realize in reading Chandrasekhar's book, that the author himself could be the Isaac Newton of our century. <t

(Material for the above article partially taken from Web pages of the University of Chicago's Department of Astronomy.)

FirstLight is the official, monthly publi-cation of the Alachua Astronomy Club (AAC), Gainesville, Florida. © 1995. Ali rights reserved. Send all written corres-pondence to The Alachua Astronomy Club, P.O. Box 13744, Gainesville, FL 32604-1744 USA. Send alt E-mail messages to markcowan@santafe.cc.fl.us. Send address changes to AAC P.O. Box given above. For membership information, contact Doug Richards, AAC Treasurer, at 904-373-1086.

FirstLight Deadline: Submit articles for the club newsletter by the third Tuesday of each month. Send all material to Howard L. Cohen, FirstLight Editor, 1501 N.W. 28th St., Gainesville, Florida 32605-5037. (Send all other correspondence to club's P.O. Box address above.) Submit articles printed in dark type; use a simple font (at least 14 pt. if possible). Double space between new paragraphs (do not indent). Better, o-mail articles in plain ASCII text to cohenba@nervm.nerdc.ufl.edu.

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astronomers from around the globe who came to Gainesville for the three day event, to study interplanetary particles and asteroids. "Gainesville feels like home to me," said Durda, who spent many years as a student at the University of Florida. He spends his time now writing code to make computer models that fit the data received from spacecraft such as Galileo. "This is what astronomers do now, analyze data. I haven't looked through a telescope for two years."

The asteroid 243 Ida is named after a cave on Mount Ida on the Mediterranean island of Crete. The small satellite has been named Dactyl, after the Dactyli, mythological lizard-like creatures who inhabited the mountain. Legend has it that the ancient Greek god Zeus (known as Jupiter to the Romans) was raised as a child in this cave and was protected by the creatures. Space, however, may not be the best place to raise your kids. The asteroid's rocky surface hus hills and craters, but no rivers or trees, not to mention much gravity. Ida orbits the Sun between the planets Mars and Jupiter, where it is very cold. Ida is estimated to be about 56 kilometers long and 24 kilometers wide, roughly shaped like a 35 mile long baking potato. Dactyl is almost spherical, about like a one mile wide garbanzo bean.

Asteroid 243 Ida was discovered over 100 years ago but her satellite was seen for the first time in 1993, after the space probe Galileo did a fly-by on the way to Jupiter. It has been speculated that the tiny moon unit may be a chunk of the asteroid that broke free after a collision with another asteroid. Or it may be a collection of very loose particles and dust

that came together gradually. Ida and Dactyl offer physical evidence of asteroid doublets, a configuration which has in the past resulted in double impact craters on both the Earth and the Moon.

Durda plans to publish the results of his research soon. He explained that it was very difficult to keep quiet about the discovery of Dactyl when it was first detected in the returning images from Galileo. "We had to be sure what it was before the news was released to the press." The odds that Dactyl was not a satellite of Ida, and was just passing by when Galileo snapped the images, are about "ten million trillion to one," according to Durda.

The process of naming the craters and peaks on both Ida and Dactyl is not yet complete. Names will primarily include those of caves and grottoes on Earth Durda plans to include names from around North Central Florida as well.

In the years since he graduated and left Gainesville, Durdu has learned to paint He now can express his excitement over various physical concepts that can not be adequately photographed by using air-brush and more traditional painting tech-niques.

"It started as a way to relax at the end of a long day, using the left side of my brain. I needed to exercise the right side of my brain. It turned out to be very enjoyable and now I am an official card-carrving member of the International Association of Astronomical Artists." Durda plans to use his own paintings to illustrate the results of his astronomical research.

At the end of his presentation, amateur astronomers asked about the possibility

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of asteroids hitting the Earth. Durda answered by saying, "So far we have only actually detected a few hundred objects..., but it is projected that there are possibly a few thousand that are at least one kilo-meter across." He suggested that our knowledge of nearby space is incomplete and stressed the importance of continuing funding for projects such as NEAR, Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous, which is

scheduled for a fly-by of asteroid Eros in 1997. In order to be able to divert an asteroid from a collision path with the Earth, first you have to understand what they are made of and what holds them together. Durda offered small consolation to the audience when he said that cata-strophic collisions only happen "about once in every two million years."

The Observers' Report — Joe Larkin Deep South Objects in Corona Australis.

One of the nice things about astronomy in Florida is the good

view of the far southern skies. The Summer skies are beautiful with great views of Scorpius and Sagittarius. Less known but still high enough to see fairly well is Corona Australis (CrA). In early August I was observing from Watermelon Pond looking at objects in the southwest of Scorpius when I stumbled over a large and bright globular. Looking at my charts I discovered this was NGC 6541. It was very bright and large. At 175x (power) some resolution was visible in my 10-inch, f/4.8 dob. It is listed as magnitude 6.6 and 13' (arc minutes) in size. Seeing this very nice object made me curious about other objects in CrA so I looked in Burnham's Celestial Handbook. Burnham's lists only five objects including a strange complex of nebulosity. I was surprised at how bright and easy it appeared in my scope at 50x. The nebulosity has two main parts. A fairly bright haze around two bright stars

is cataloged as NGC 6726 and NGC 6727. The third part is a small but very high surface brightness nebulosity about 5' to the south called NGC 6729. I, at first, overlooked this until I used higher power. This part was still easily visible at 175x. The small detached part appeared comet shaped and looked at if it was traveling toward the main mass of nebulosity. The view with a UHC filter was no better. This indicates these objects are reflection type nebulae. If this unusual group of nebula were higher up, Em sure it would be fairly well known. Another nice object in CrA is IC 1297. This is a small but bright planetary nebula. Burnham states it is only 2" (arc seconds) in size. However, I could easily make out the disk with about 175x so it is likely closer to 8". It is cataloged at magnitude 11.5. If you want to see objects that few people will ever see yet are still bright and interesting check, out these objects in CrA.

(See next page.)

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Epoch 2000 Positions

Object RA DEC h m o i

NGC 6541 18 08.0 -43 42 NGC 6726 19 01.8 -3654 NGC 6727 19 01.8 -36 54 NGC 6729 19 01.8 -36 58 IC1297 19 17.4 -39 36

Bruno Pancorbo and Joe Larkin will be collab-

orating on a regular observer's column for FirstLight. They will likely concentrate on Deep Sky observing as that is their main interest. However, they would be glad to hear and report on any interesting observations anyone makes. They observe regularly and invite anyone who is interested to come along. Please feel free to call Bruno at 904-373-0279 or Joe at 904-378-7705 for more information. Joe can also be reached by E-mail at jlarkin@eel.ufl.edu. &

A Press Release Off The Internet Congress Reduces Solar System.

Bob Haberle reporting.

WASHINGTON D.C. The House Appropriations subcommittee on

NASA oversight, in another effort to reduce the NASA budget, passed a resolution today to downsize the solar system. According to an unnamed con-gressional staffer, House Republicans felt there has been "too much redundancy in the solar system" and that streamlining the 4.5 billion year old planetary system is long overdue. Such action would give NASA fewer places to go and this would allow the agency to carry out its space exploration goals within the funding profile that the House proposed earlier this summer.

"Look, we have three terrestrial planets" said Congressman Rip U. Apart (R, Del.), "and only one of them really works! So why not get rid of the other two and clean up the neighborhood?" Most subcommittee members felt that while downsizing was definitely in the cards, eliminating both Mars and Venus

was going too far. "We have too many international commitments to Mars " said Rush N. Hater (R, Calif.). "So I think we should keep Mars and dump Venus. Its too hot to live on, and liberal Democrats keep using it as an example of what global warming can do. So from a political and practical point of view, Venus has got to go."

Also at risk is the planet Mercury which lacks support because of its small size and poor visibility from Earth. "Who needs it?" asked Congressman Newt Onian (R, N.C.). "Have you ever seen it? I haven't. So what good is it? We just don't need useless planets. And speaking of useless planets, what about the asteroids? If you've seen one, you've seen them all. So I say we ought to get rid of the little boogers once and for all."

However, the downsizing recom-mendations do not stop with the terrestrial planets. The resolution also calls for a reduction in the number of gas giants which contain most of the

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planetary mass in the solar system. Most subcommittee members favor retaining Jupiter and Saturn, and eliminating Uranus and Neptune. "Jupiter employs the most molecules, and Saturn has those pretty little rings everyone likes." said Rep. Con Mann (R, Fla.). "On the other hand. Uranus is a bore and its rings are duly. And Neptune, for God's sake, is just too far away. So begone with those ugly bruisers."

But the influential Wright I.M. Fomow from South Carolina has publicly announced he will fight to eliminate Saturn. Fornow is especially miffed by-NASA's success thus far in keeping Cassini, the next mission to Saturn, alive which he feels is waste of taxpayers money. "If there ain't no Saturn, then there ain't no Cassini" he exclaimed. The congressman also expressed concern about sending back-to-back spacecraft bearing Italian surnames to the outer planets. (The Galileo spacecraft arrives at Jupiter this December.)

The subcommittee was unanimous in its views towards Pluto which they deemed a moral misfit. "Now here's a planet we can definitely do without." continued Fornow. "A few years ago, it was farthest

from the sun. Now its not. Its just too confusing. And now they tell me its really two planets instead of one. What the hell is going on here?"

The resolution must now be presented to the entire House, where it is expected to pass easily since only a minority of Representatives have constituents on the affected planets. NASA Administrator Golden has vowed to resist any further reductions to the solar system, saying that "NASA has expended considerable effort to make the planets cheaper, faster, and better. Much of this work would be wasted if the solar system were down-sized" stated Golden.

Critics say, however, that reducing the number of planets will not produce the expected savings to taxpayers. Text-books, they note, would have to be revised to reflect the new arrangement, and facilities would need to be constructed to remove the planets them-selves. The resolution is also likely to draw strong opposition from religious fundamentalists who have long opposed the elimination of any of the biblical planets. Thus, the matter is far from resolved. §

Book Review — Don Loftus The Moon: An Observing Guide for Backyard Telescopes.

Michael T. Kht (From the Publishers of Astronomy Magazine, Kalmbach Pub-lishing Company). 8'/;xll; 80 pages; approx. 50 b&w photos; perfectbound softeover. ISBN 0-913135-09-7. Item #18354. $11.95 plus shipping.

The saying goes, "If you can't beat'em, join'em." Well, when it comes to astronomy you can't get

away from the fact that the moon can make a mess of observing the night sky. So, why not "join'em" and start observing the moon itself?

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I know most of us probably started out looking at the moon, said "cool"' and promptly went on to other tilings. I mean, it's a chunk of rock with holes in it, right? Well, like anything that we have a better understanding of, we usually have more interest in. This book (did you wonder if I was ever going to talk about it) is a guide to lunar features that you can easily see with amateur telescopes. The book is divided into basically three parts: (1) How to observe the moon, (2) A guide to lunar history, and (3) A guide to lunar features (the main part of the book).

In the Foreword to the book Robert Bumham, editor of Astronomy Magazine says, "I can't figure out what happened. It was 20 years ago that human beings last set foot on the Moon. But until now no lunar guide book for amateur astronomers incorporated the scientific findings from Apollo missions and others...To put it bluntly, up until now backyard Moon observers have been shortchanged..." There is a lot of information in this book and it is very readable. I haven't used the book for direct observations yet, but there are two problems I see with the format that may make it more difficult to use . First, there is no lunar map!!! I was hoping to get some sort of overview chart, pictures or map that would show where the main features described in the book are located. As stated in the guide to lunar features, "You will need a gcxxl quality map of the Moon (see bibliography) to help locate these formations using my directions." So, now

I need a map too!

Second, the moon has been divided into 14 regions, usually after the major sea that forms the focal point. The problem here is that some of the features described will be in shadow while other features are visible on or near the terminator. In order to cover all the features visible on the terminator on a given night you will have to flip through the book to the different seas covered in the book. I think this may turn out to be a nuisance.

I checked out a book from the library called, Exploring the Moon Through Binoculars and Small Telescopes. This book's format is to discuss what is visible on and round the terminator each night during the month. I think this is a better format and this book is only $14.95 from William-Bell, but that is a different book report. The point is that this book at least had maps located near the area being described and it went night by night. All in all, The Moon: An Observing Guide for Backyard Telescopes, is a good little book and the inclusion of a map or more illustrations probably would have raised the price. It will probably do a fine job as a guided tour of the Moon and point out interesting sites along the way.

You can order it from Kalmbach Pub-lishing Co., 21027 Crossroads Circle, P.O. Box 1612, Waukesha, WI 53187-1612,1 -800-533-6644 or fax 414-796-1615. (Have your credit card ready before calling.) O

Web Masters Wanted! Are you interested in helping maintain the AAC's World Wide Web page? No prior knowledge of HTML needed. Contact Howard Cohen at 376-5833 (office 392-7742) or send e-mail to cohenba@nervmnerdc.ufl.edu.

Have you visited the AAC Web site lately? — see box on page nine,

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Minutes: August Meeting — Mark Cowan (Attendance: 21 members and guests.)

We met at the Bryant Space Sciences Research Building.

We will meet Tuesday September 12, 7:30 p.m., Room 407 of the Bryant Space Sciences Building on the University of Florida Campus. Come early because parking is often a problem in the early evening. (See map on page 10.) Star parties are planned for these Saturdays: September 23, October 21, with rain dates the following Saturdays. Also, we have scheduled November 4 (at Kanapaha), and November 18. No rain dates follow these two star parties. Note

September Club Meeting Date Tuesday, September 12 Time 7:30 p.m. (Business)

8:00 p.m. (Speaker) Place Room 407, Bryant Space

Sciences Research Building, UF (map on pg. 10). Note change from Doyle Conner Building.

Speaker Mr. Scott Fisher. Title: "Mauna Kea for the First Time." Synopsis: Mr. Fisher is a graduate student working for his Ph.D. in the Department of Astron-omy at the University of Florida. He will discuss the trials and tribulations of his

September Executive Council Date Tuesday, September 19 Time 6:00 p.m. Place Shoney's Restaurant, 1505

N.W. 13th St., Gainesville

Agenda Commencing September, the Alachua Astronomv Club's Executive

that daylight savings time ends 2:00 am. October 29, and Kanapaha will require your arrival before dusk. Don Loftus asked about forming a class to grind mirrors. Gilbert Bernardo and Jan Sugalski will consider teaching this class. The board, and any other interested members will meet Tuesday September 19,6:00 pm. at Shoney's (1505 NW 13th Street). Dr. Dan Durda spoke of research on Ida and Dactyl.

ft

first observing run at Mauna Kea Obser-vatory in Hawaii, one of the world's major observatories and one of the high-est on Earth, located 4,215 meters (13,800 ft.) above the Pacific Ocean. His observing team used the 3.0 meter NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) to observe a variety of objects, from asteroids to high redshift starburst galaxies.

Mr. Fisher's presentation will include many slides showing various stages of his observing run, the observatory facilities and the exquisite, surrounding terrain.

Council will meet on the third Tuesday of each month at Shoney's for dinner and AAC business. All AAC officers and committee chairpersons should attend. All other AAC members are also cordially invited

Upcoming Club Meetings and Events

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October Club Meeting Date Time

Place

Tuesday, October 12 7:30 p.m. (Business) 8:00 p.m. (Speaker) Auditorium, Doyle Conner Building (1911 SW 34th St.)

Speaker Dr. Jaydeep Mukherjee, Assis-tant in Astronomy and Administrator,

Star Parties Begin at sunset and meet at Bob Jacobs' unless otherwise stated (map on pg. 11). • Sept. 23 (Saturday night). Sunset

7:25 p.m.; Sunrise 7:1*8 a.m. EDT. Our Autumnal Equinox Star Party. Fall begins Saturday at 8:13 a.m. EDT. By coincidence, Moon is nearlv at New Phase (Sunday, 12:55 p.m. EDT).

• Sept 30 (Saturday night). Rain date if weather poor on Sept. 23. Sunset 7:16 p.m.; Sunrise 7:22 a.m. EDT. First Quarter Moon sets at 1:15 a.m.

• Oct 21 (Saturday night). Sunset 6:53 p.m.; Sunrise 7:35 a.m. EDT. Waning Crescent three days from New.

• Oct. 28 (Saturday night). Rain date if weather poor on Sept. 23. Sunset 6:46 p.m. EDT; Sunrise 6:40 a.m. EST (begins Sunday). Four day Waxing Crescent sets at 11:09 p.m.

• November 4 (Saturday night). Kanapaha Botanical Gardens Moon-light Walk (tentatively 7:00-11:00 p.m. EST). Arrive by 4:00 p.m. to set up scopes. (Bring telescopes for public viewing.) Sunset 5:31 p.m. EST. Waxing Gibbous Moon (three days before Full) rises at 4:10 p.m. Saturn also well placed for observation. AAC members admitted free if arrive by 4:00 p.m. (Homecoming at the Univer-sity of Florida is same weekend.) <t

Help the Schools Carol Hambrick, school volunteer coordinator, has Littlewood Elementary

Florida Space Grant Consortium. Title: "Impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter." Synopsis: Dr. Mukherjee will give a general overview of comet collision with Jupiter using slides and possibly animation. An overview of what astronomers have learned from the collision. O

teacher who would like club members to talk about "telescopes and how they work" Dates September 20, 21, or 22 at 9:00 to 10:00 am or 10:00 to 11:00 a.m. Can anyone help? For more information contact Don Loftus (462-1227, 392-1011) or Carol (955-6760). o

North Central Florida's Amateur Astronomy Club, Meets second Tuesday of each month, 7:30 p.m., Doyle Conner Building, 1911 S.W. 34m Street (at S.W. 20th Avenue), Gainesville, Alachua County, Florida, USA. General public and beginning stargazer* invited to all meet-ings, alar parties and club events. No equipment needed Call a chib officer (area code 904) for more information .

Robert Jacobs Alachua (4624558) Mark Cowan Gainesville {375-2564") Doug Richards GainesvuTe (373-10iS) Pamela Mydock Lochloosa (481-5238) Bruno Pancorbo GamesviHe (373-0279) Chuck Broward Melrose (475-1014) Howard Cohen Gainesville (376-5833)

President

Vice-President

Treasurer

Publicity

Star Parties

Firstljght Publisher FirstLight Editor

World Wide Web Home Page at hrrp://nervmnerdc.ufledu/~cobeaba

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September Meeting Location

The AAC has again moved its meeting location to Room 407 of

the Bryant Space Sciences Research Building (SSRB) on the University of Florida campus. (Our usual location, the Doyle Conner Building, is again unavail-able for our meeting.) SSRB is at the junction of Fletcher Drive, and Stadium Road (NE comer). See map below.

— Howard L. Cohen Drive), and (3) west of the "Hub" (campus bookstore across from SSRB). Distant parking lots includes (l) parking lots around Murphree Hall on the comer of West University Avenue and Fletcher Drive, (2) north of chemistry at the comer of West University Avenue and Buckman Drive, and (3) the O'Connell Student Activities Center parking area, (a

O'Connell Activities

Center

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There is limited parking near the building especially since the Fall Semester has now begun Arrive early so you have time to park!

Street parking is available on the west side of Fletcher Drive, a northbound, one-way street. Small parking lots are (1) directly west of SSRB, (2) north of SSRB (on Union Road, near Fletcher

best bet if you cannot parking near SSRB).

Enter SSRB on the south side (Stadium Road). Walk into the lobby and go left through the double doors. Take either the stairs or elevator (around coiner to right) to the fourth floor. Room 407 is across from the elevator on the fourth floor. O

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Directions to Bob Jacobs ddress is 9617 N.W. 143rd Street

L(HWY 241). See map below.

From 175, go 2.9 miles west on 39th Avenue (HWY 222) to N.W. 143rd Street (HWY 241). Note: N.W. 39th Avenue ends at N.W. 143rd Street. Turn north (right) on 143rd Street.

Go 3.5 miles north on N.W. 143rd Street to N.W. 94 Avenue. Curves precede the approach to N.W. 94th Avenue. An intersection sign marks the approach to the junction of N.W. 94th Street and N.W. 143 Street.

Note: N.W. 94th Street is also 1.6 miles north of Millhopper Road (HWY 232).

Go 0.1 miles past 94th Avenue. Bob's driveway is on right-hand (east) side of 143rd Street.

Note: Bob's driveway is paved and

— Howard L. Cohen marked by a five foot high, brick mail-box. (A sign past the mailbox reads Hurricane Harbor.) It is a few hundred feet up the driveway to Bob's house. (Do not continue up the paved driveway onto a dirt road — you will pass his house.)

If you come from Alachua, go south on HWY 241 (143 Street). Bob's driveway is 0.7 miles past the 175 overpass on the left-hand (east) side of 143rd Street.

Note: Driving time from Santa Fe Community College Campus (on N.W. 83rd Street) to Bob's place is about ten minutes. If you arrive after dark, please use only parking lights as you come up Bob's driveway. There are restroom faculties but bring lawn chairs and snacks (and some to share). 0-

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September Astro Calendar (Times EDT)

Sat

Fri Sat

Thu Sat Wed Fri Sat Sun

Mon Wed Thu Fri

d 2

8 9

14 16 20 22 23 24

25 27 28 29

h m 00 05:03 23:37 00 13 11 17:09 03 02 08:13 12:55 19:55

17 14 17 11

Juprter 3* S of Moon First Quarter Moon Full Moon (The "Harvest Moon") Mercury at greatest elongation E (27°) Saturn 6" S of Moon Saturn at opposition Last Quarter Moon Juprter 5*N of Antares Mercury stationary Autumnal Equinox New Moon Jupiter's South Polo grazes u> (Omega) Centauri (mag. 4.4) Mercury 3* S of Moon Mars 2* S of Moon Mercury 5* S of Venus Jupiter 3*S of Moon